Divisions
18-482: Sama vedic Yajur vedic Atharva vedic Vaishnava puranas Shaiva puranas Shakta puranas Madhyandina Shakha is a shakha (branch) of Shukla Yajurveda . This branch includes Madhyandina Samhita, Madhyandina Shatapatha Brahmana , Ishavasya Upanishad and Brihadaranyaka Upanishad . Recitation of this Shakha is prevalent over most of North India , Maharashtra and among Veda pandits of Gujarat . Many north Indian Veda Pandits recite it in
36-484: A śākhin . The term is also used in Hindu philosophy to refer to an adherent of a particular orthodox system . A related term caraṇa , ("conduct of life" or "behavior") is also used to refer to such a Vedic school: "although the words caraṇa and śākhā are sometimes used synonymously, yet caraṇa properly applies to the sect or collection of persons united in one school, and śākhā to
54-510: A different way compared to those from Maharashtra . Many of the former pronounce the syllable ष (ṣa) as ख (kha). A large number of Shukla Yajur Vedic Madhyandina Shakha Brahmins are residing in Nashik, Maharashtra and many in Bihar (Maithil Brahmins except those belonging to Shandilya Gotra), Bengal and Uttar pradesh too. An association has also been formed with 3000 members on its roll. And
72-503: A large number reside in Nepal. Estimates over two hundred thousand. Many have immigrated to USA, and Germany. Shakha A shakha ( Sanskrit śākhā , "branch" or "limb") is a Hindu theological school that specializes in learning certain Vedic texts, or else the traditional texts followed by such a school. An individual follower of a particular school or recension is called
90-615: A small number of recensions have survived. Saraswati Gangadhar 's devotional poetry written in Marathi called Shri Gurucharitra describes different shakhas of 4 Vedas in 27th chapter. The schools are enumerated below, categorised according to the Veda each expounds. Śaunaka 's Caraṇa-vyuha lists five shakhas for the Rig Veda, the Śākala , Bāṣkala , Aśvalāyana , Śaṅkhāyana , and Māṇḍukāyana of which only
108-519: A specific school is an important aspect of class identity. By the end of the Rig Vedic period the term Brāhmaṇa had come to be applied to all members of the priestly class, but there were subdivisions within this order based both on varna (class) and on the shakha (branch) with which they were affiliated. A Brāhmaṇa who changed school would be called "a traitor to his śākhā " ( śākhāraṇḍaḥ ). The traditional source of information on
126-614: Is the oldest shakha (from skt. śākhā f. "branch" or "recension") of the Rigveda . The Śākala tradition is mainly followed in Maharashtra , Karnataka , Kerala , Odisha , Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh . The Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali refers to 21 śākhās of the Rigveda ; however, according to Śaunaka 's Caraṇa-vyuha there are five śākhās for the Rigveda : the Śākala, Bāṣkala, Aśvalayana, Śaṅkhāyana, and Māṇḍukāyana, of which only
144-605: Is the only shakha of the Atharvaveda for which both printed texts and an active oral tradition are known to still exist. For the Atharvaveda, both the Shaunakiya and the Paippalada traditions contain textual corruptions, and the original text of the Atharvaveda may only be approximated from comparison between the two. The Paippalada tradition was discontinued, and its text is known only from manuscripts collected since
162-676: Is the Śākala Saṃhitā and the corresponding brahmana is Aitareya Brāhmaṇa . The main Upaniṣat of the Śākala Śākhā is Aitareya Upaniṣat . The Śrauta Sūtram for Śākala Shākhā is Āśvalāyaṇa Śrauta Sūtra and the Gṛhya Sutra is Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtram. The Āraṇyaka of Śākala Śākhā is Aitareya Āraṇyaka . Śikṣā as a term for phonetics, is first used in Taittirīya Upaniṣad , which gives its various components which include Varna (individual sounds) and Svara (accent). The Pratishakhyas are among
180-1004: The Śākala and Bāṣkala and very few of Asvalayana are now extant. The Bashkala recension of the Rigveda has the Khilani which are not present in the Shakala text but is preserved in one Kashmir manuscript (now at Pune). The Shakala has the Aitareya-Brahmana , The Bashkala has the Kausitaki-Brahmana . Shri Gurucharitra mentions 12 shakhas for the Rig Veda namely śrāvakā, śravaṇiyā, jaṭā, śaphaṭa, pāṭhakrama(2), daṇḍa, aśvalāyanī, śāṃkhāyanī, śākalā, bāṣkalā and māṇḍūkā (श्रावका, श्रवणिया, जटा, शफट, पाठक्रम(2), दण्ड, अश्वलायनी, शांखायनी, शाकला, बाष्कला, माण्डूका) in Ovi 35 to 38. There is, however, Sutra literature from
198-665: The Aśvalāyana shakha, both a shrauta sutra and a grhya sutra, both surviving with a commentary ( vrtti ) by Gargya Naranaya. Gargya Naranaya's commentary was based on the longer commentary or bhashya by Devasvamin , written in the 11th century. The Śaṅkhāyana shakha has been recently rediscovered in Banswada in Rajasthan where two septuagenarians are the last surviving practitioners. Śaunaka 's Caraṇa-vyuha lists forty-two or forty-four out of eighty-six shakhas for
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#1732787717894216-554: The 20th century. However some Orissa Brahmins still continue the tradition of Paippalada. No Brahmana is known for the Shaunaka shakha. The Paippalada is possibly associated with the Gopatha Brahmana . Shakala Shakha Divisions Sama vedic Yajur vedic Atharva vedic Vaishnava puranas Shaiva puranas Shakta puranas Shakala Shaka ( Sanskrit : शाकल शाखा; IAST : Śākala Śākhā ),
234-1034: The Mantras. Śaunaka 's Caraṇa-vyuha lists twelve shakhas for the Sama Veda out of a thousand that are said to have once existed, but that of these only one or perhaps two are still extant. The two Samaveda recensions are the Jaiminiya and Kauthuma. In Ovi 203 to 210 of chapter 27, Shri Gurucharitra mentions 8 of the thousands of shakhas namely āsurāyaṇīyā, vāsurāyaṇīya़ā, vātāntareyā, prāṃjalī, ṛjñagvainavidhā, prācīna yogyaśākhā, jñānayoga and rāṇāyaṇīyā (आसुरायणीया, वासुरायणीय़ा, वातान्तरेया, प्रांजली, ऋज्ञग्वैनविधा, प्राचीन योग्यशाखा, ज्ञानयोग, राणायणीया). Of these rāṇāyaṇīyā (राणायणीया) has 10 shakhas namely rāṇāyaṇīyā, sāṃkhyāyanī, śāṭhyā, mugdala, khalvalā, mahākhalvalā, lāṅgalā, kaithumā, gautamā and jaiminī (राणायणीया, सांख्यायनी, शाठ्या, मुग्दल, खल्वला, महाखल्वला, लाङ्गला, कैथुमा, गौतमा, जैमिनी). The Kauthuma shakha has
252-703: The PB, SadvB, the Jaiminiya shakha has the Jaiminiya Brahmana . Only one shakha of an original nine is now extant for the Atharvaveda. The nine sakhas were Paippalada, Tauda, Mauda, Shaunakiya, Jajala, Jalada, Brahmavada, Devadarsa and Chaarana-Vaidya. In Ovi 217 to 219 of chapter 27, Shri Gurucharitra mentions 9 shakhas namely paippalā, dāntā, pradāṃta, stotā, autā, brahmadā yaśadā, śaunakī, vedadarśā and caraṇavidyā (पैप्पला, दान्ता, प्रदांत, स्तोता, औता, ब्रह्मदा यशदा, शौनकी, वेददर्शा, चरणविद्या). The Shaunaka
270-618: The Yajur Veda, but that only five of these are now extant, with a sixth partially extant. For the Yajur Veda the five (partially in six) shakhas are the (Vajasaneyi Madhandina, Kanva; Taittiriya , Maitrayani, Caraka-Katha, Kapisthala-Katha). The Yajurvedin shakhas are divided in Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black) schools. The White recensions have separate Brahmanas, while the Black ones have their(much earlier) Brahmanas interspersed between
288-467: The shakhas of each Veda is the Caraṇa-vyūha , of which two, mostly similar, versions exist: the 49th pariśiṣṭa of the Atharvaveda, ascribed to Shaunaka , and the 5th pariśiṣṭa of the Śukla (White) Yajurveda, ascribed to Kātyāyana . These have lists of the numbers of recensions that were believed to have once existed as well as those still extant at the time the works were compiled. Only
306-484: The traditional text followed, as in the phrase śākhām adhite , ( "he recites a particular version of the Veda" )". The schools have different points of view, described as "difference of (Vedic) school" ( śākhābhedaḥ ). Each school would learn a specific Vedic Saṃhita (one of the "four Vedas " properly so-called), as well as its associated Brahmana , Aranyakas , Shrautasutras , Grhyasutras and Upanishads . In traditional Hindu society affiliation with
324-536: The Śākala and Bāṣkala and very few of the Aśvalayana are now extent. The only complete recension of this text known today is of the Śākala School. As far as the Rigveda is concerned only Śākala Śākhā is preserved out of 21 which existed at one time. There is a claim that Śaṅkhāyana Śākhā is still known to a few Vedapathis in Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat but this is not certain. The main saṃhitā for Śākala Sākhā
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