Misplaced Pages

#883116

65-515: Its predecessor The Korea Daily News had actually been a forerunner in the Korean independence movement . However, its reporting drew the ire of Japan, which was quickly absorbing Korea around that time. After the newspaper's owner Ernest Bethell died, the Japanese and British governments pressured Bethell's successor, Arthur Marnham, to fold and leave the country. He did so on May 21, 1910, selling

130-535: A colony. They desired to restore Korea's independent political sovereignty after Japan invaded the weakened and partially modernized Korean Empire . This was the result of Japan's political maneuvers to secure international approval for the annexation of treaty annexing Korea. During the independence movement, the rest of the world viewed what was occurring in Korea as an anti-imperialist , anti-militarist , and an anti-Japanese resistance movement. Koreans, however, saw

195-670: A hobby". From February 1934 to January 1935, it published a monthly magazine called Wŏlgan Maeshin ( 월간매신 ; 月刊每申 ). In 1937, it had a news ticker installed on the roof of the Whashin Department Store  [ ko ] on Jongno . Beginning in April 1939, it began publishing a Japanese-language youth newspaper called Kokumin Shinpō (國民新報; 국민신보). Maeil Sinbo often experienced management issues and difficulties in continuing to operate. Japanese reporters in

260-415: A hybrid culture could be formed in the future. The paper advocated a view that assimilation and the learning of the Japanese language should be done gradually, over the course of several generations. The paper criticized elements of Korean culture and society for the purpose of both assimilation and reform. Some of these criticisms were the same criticisms repeated by Korean scholars for decades, for example,

325-515: A literature contest in August 1919. After the 1919 March First Movement nationwide protests (which the Maeil Sinbo described only as a small disturbance at the time), the Japanese colonial government began allowing more freedom in the press, and granted permission for several Korean-owned newspapers to be founded. Notably, Yi Sang-hyŏp  [ ko ] quit his job as editor-in-chief of

390-537: A monthly Japanese-language magazine called Maishin Shashin Tokupō (每新寫眞特報; later 每新寫眞旬報). In August 1940, it became the only major daily Korean-language newspaper published in Korea, after its rivals The Chosun Ilbo and The Dong-A Ilbo were made to close by the Japanese government. The colonial government made a point to hire Korean journalists from these papers into the Maeil Sinbo in order to appease them. The paper prospered due to its dominance over

455-460: A number of occasions. On November 10, 1945, the U.S. issued an order for the paper to only be allowed to print a single one-sided issue per day. It was reorganized and resumed publication on November 23, 1945, as Seoul Shinmun . Its first president was independence activist O Se-chang , who had participated in the 1919 March First Movement protests against Japanese rule. Reporters of the Maeil Sinbo were instructed to promote that Japan's takeover

520-478: A partial leadership within the liberation movement. A good many of the righteous army commanders were linked to the family but these generals and their righteous army groups were largely dead by 1918, and cadet members of the families contributed towards establishing both republics post-1945. The Chosun Ilbo Defunct The Chosun Ilbo ( Korean :  조선일보 , lit.   ' Korea Daily Newspaper ' ), also known as The Chosun Daily ,

585-629: A significant catalyst for the international independence movement, although domestically the protests were violently suppressed. In the aftermath of the protests, thousands of Korean independence activists fled abroad, mostly to China . In April 1919, the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea (KPG) was founded as a self-proclaimed government in exile . After the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, China became one of

650-645: A supporter of North Korea. The Chosun Ilbo has been accused of being " chinilbanminjokhaengwi " (친일반민족행위, 親日反民族行爲, "pro-Japanese anti-nationalist activist"), because of controversy over its advocacy of the Korea under Japanese rule . In 2005, the South Korean government and Korean nationalist civic activists investigated whether Chosun Ilbo ' collaborated ' with the Japanese Empire . The Chosun Ilbo published articles described as excessively praising

715-595: A tenant position. In 1926 the disputes started to increase at a fast pace and movements concerning labor emerged more within the Independence Movement. There were broadly three kinds of national liberation groups: (a) the Christian groups which grew out of missionary efforts led by Western missionaries primarily from the United States prior to the Japanese occupation; (b) the former military and

SECTION 10

#1732780882884

780-703: Is a Korean -language newspaper of record for South Korea and among the oldest active newspapers in the country. With a daily circulation of more than 1,800,000, the Chosun Ilbo has been audited annually since the Audit Bureau of Circulations was established in 1993. Chosun Ilbo and its subsidiary company, Digital Chosun, operate the Chosun.com news website, which also publishes news in English, Chinese, and Japanese. The Chosun Ilbo Establishment Union

845-695: The Allies of World War II . In the Second Sino-Japanese War , China attempted to use this influence to assert Allied recognition of the KPG. However, the United States was skeptical of Korean unity and readiness for independence, preferring an international trusteeship -like solution for the Korean Peninsula . Although China achieved agreement by the Allies on eventual Korean independence in

910-674: The Cairo Conference , the US and China came to agree on Korean independence "in due course", with China still pressing for immediate recognition of the exile government and a tangible date for independence. After Soviet-American relations deteriorated, on August 10, 1945, the United States Department of War agreed that China should land troops in Pusan , Korea from which to prevent a Soviet takeover. However, this turnaround

975-621: The Cairo Declaration of 1943, continued disagreement and ambiguity about the postwar Korean government lasted until the Soviet–Japanese War of 1945 created a de facto division of Korea into Soviet and American zones. August 15, the day that Japan surrendered in 1945, is celebrated as a holiday in both South Korea and North Korea . Until the mid 19th century, Qing China , Japan, and Joseon Korea all maintained policies of relative isolationism . Around this time, Joseon

1040-748: The Chinese Communist Party . Little real support came through, but that which did develop long-standing relationships that contributed to the dividing of Korea after 1949, and the polar positions between south and north. The constant infighting within the Yi family , the nobles, the confiscation of royal assets, the disbanding of the royal army by the Japanese, the execution of seniors within Korea by Japan, comprehensive assassinations of Korean royalty by Japanese mercenaries, and surveillance by Japanese authorities led to great difficulties in royal descendants and their family groups in finding anything but

1105-551: The Imperial House of Japan every year from 1938 to 1940. Until 1987, the newspaper had reported favorably on South Korea's military dictatorships. In 2002, the prosecution sought a sentence of 7 years in prison and a fine of 12 billion won for Chosun Ilbo Chairman Bang Sang-hoon, who was indicted on charges of tax evasion and embezzlement. Chairman Bang was accused of evading 6.2 billion won in gift and corporate taxes, as well as embezzling 4.5 billion won in company funds. He

1170-564: The Keijō Nippō reportedly looked down on the paper, and called it "The Cancer of Keijō Nippō". They felt that their hard-earned money was being used to support the Maeil Sinbo and its employees. On April 29, 1938, the Maeil Sinbo became independent from the Keijō and changed a character in its name (申 to 新; same pronunciation in Korean). 40% of its shares became owned by private Korean owners, and

1235-491: The Maeil Sinbo to join the new Dong-a Ilbo newspaper . It was reorganized into a number of different departments in 1920. On July 2, 1920, it hired the first female Korean reporter, Yi Kak-kyŏng ( 이각경 ; 李珏璟 ), and she began working on September 5. The criterion for female reporters that the newspaper wanted was reportedly "1. To be the wife of the head of a household, 2. to be between 20 and 30 years of age, 3. to have graduated from high school and to have writing as

1300-637: The Peace Preservation Law of 1925 , some freedoms were restricted. Then, in the lead up to the invasion of China and World War II, the harshness of Japanese rule increased again. Although the Empire of Japan had invaded and occupied northeast China from 1931, the Nationalist Government of China avoided declaring war on Japan until the Empire directly attacked Beijing in 1937, sparking the Second Sino-Japanese War . After

1365-655: The U.S. State Department to support Korean independence and recognize the KPG, the Far Eastern Division was skeptical. Its argument was that the Korean people "were emasculated politically" after decades of Japanese rule, and showed too much disunity, preferring a condominium solution for Korea that involved the Soviets. China was adamantly opposed to Soviet influence in Korea after hearing about atrocities in Poland following its Soviet takeover in 1939. By

SECTION 20

#1732780882884

1430-553: The 1904 to 1905 Russo-Japanese War . By this point, Japan was the unquestioned hegemon over Korea. In 1905, it made Joseon its protectorate , and in 1910, it formally absorbed Korea into its empire . Meanwhile, shortly after Korea's forced opening, Gojong , the King of Joseon, made efforts to reach out to the United States and various European powers via a number of treaties, foreign exchange student programs, and diplomatic missions. But these overtures often went ignored or forgotten, as

1495-599: The 1910s, the Maeil Sinbo was one of the only Korean-language newspapers allowed in the country. The local newspaper Gyeongnam Ilbo continued until 1914, when it was eventually pressured into closing. Despite mostly publishing along Japanese lines, the Maeil Sinbo also served as a medium for Korean-language literature, and published pieces from many famous Korean writers. It held a number of cultural events that drew tens of thousands of attendees each. These events featured various Korean cultural traditions like pansori , changgeuk , and Korean dance . The Maeil Sinbo held

1560-528: The Japanese princess Nashimoto. The ban on Korean newspapers was lifted, allowing publication of Choson Ilbo and The Dong-A Ilbo . Korean government workers received the same wages as Japanese officials, though the Japanese officials received bonuses the Koreans did not. Whippings were eliminated for minor offenses but not for others. Laws interfering with burial, slaughtering of animals, peasant markets, or traditional customs were removed or changed. After

1625-528: The Korean-Chinese border, using guerrilla warfare to fight against the Japanese army. Some went to Japan, where groups agitated clandestinely. There was a prominent group of Korean Communists in Japan, who were in danger for their political activities. Partly due to Korean opposition to Japanese colonial policies, this was followed by a relaxation of some harsh policies. The Korean crown prince married

1690-407: The United States declared war on Japan in 1941, China became an Ally of World War II , and tried to exercise its influence within the group to support Pan-Asian and nationalist movements, which included stipulating a demand of the complete surrender of Japan and immediate independence of Korea afterwards. China tried to promote the legitimacy of the Provisional Government of Korea (KPG), which

1755-478: The announcement, it published its article. South Korean historian Jeong Jin-seok ( 정진석 ) described the announcement as understated, written in small type and worded indirectly. He theorized that this was done deliberately to quell Korean excitement in response to the announcement. By August 17, the Maeil Sinbo began to publish in more favorable terms about Korea's liberation. It described the liberation as "the day of light" ( 광명의 날 ; 光明의 날 ), and advocated for

1820-524: The chagrin of the citizens of Joseon as well as Joseon and Qing officials. In some areas of Korea and especially near the port of Wonsan , "small roving bands of Koreans" attacked Japanese people who ventured outside at night. In 1882, the Imo Incident occurred, in which general anti-foreigner sentiment (especially anti-Japanese) amongst the Joseon Army and later the general citizenry led to

1885-479: The colonization of Korea. The period of Japanese colonial rule that ensued was oppressive to a far-reaching degree, giving rise to many Korean resistance movements . By 1919 these became nationwide, marked by what became known as the March First Movement . Japanese rule was oppressive but changed over time. Initially, there was very harsh repression in the decade following annexation. Japan's rule

1950-428: The condemnation of women being married too early. The paper encouraged women's education, especially to prepare them for what it saw as their primary role in society: educating children at home. Mark E. Caprio writes that Korean women were still treated condescendingly, however, compared to Japanese women. When covering a visit of Korean women to Tokyo, the newspaper wrote that the experience was particularly valuable for

2015-464: The gap in economic power and restoring lost communication between the two Koreas. For this reason, the newspaper has attracted heavy criticism and threats from the North. On 6 April 2019, Deutsche Welle described The Chosun Ilbo as "an outlet notorious for its dubious and politically motivated" reporting on North Korea. On 31 May 2019, the newspaper reported that, based on "an unidentified source",

Maeil sinbo - Misplaced Pages Continue

2080-529: The group advocated for the establishment of a constitutional monarchy . While Gojong initially recognized and tolerated the organization, he eventually disbanded it in December 1898. Between 1905 and 1912, a number of volunteer guerrilla armies, called " righteous armies " emerged among the Korean populace to fight the Japanese. Around 20,000 volunteers died in these confrontations, which ultimately did not stop

2145-434: The head diplomat of North Korea's nuclear envoy Kim Hyok-chol , had been executed by a North Korean Government firing squad. However, two days later, on 2 June 2019, the top diplomat was seen at a concert sitting a few seats away from North Korea's leader Kim Jong Un . The Educational Broadcasting System 's popular instructor Choi Tae-seong, sued a Chosun Ilbo reporter for publishing an article that defamed him as

2210-427: The horizontal left-to-right writing style already adopted by most other newspapers by the time, ahead of the paper's 79th anniversary. It also made a commitment to preserve and continue using hanja characters despite the change. Consequently, the 1 March 1999 issue (Issue No. 24305) became the last issue of Chosun Ilbo written in the vertical right-to-left style and the last mainstream Korean paper that published in

2275-475: The improvement of school facilities. From 1911 to 1937, Korea was dealing with economic problems (with the rest of the world, going through the Great Depression after World War I). There were many labor complaints that contributed to the grievances against Japan's colonial rule. During this period, there were 159,061 disputes with workers concerned with wages and 1018 disputes involving 68,686 farmers in

2340-435: The irregular army groups; and (c) business and intellectual expatriates who formed the theoretical and political framework abroad. Catholicism arrived in Korea towards the end of the 18th century, facing intense persecution for the centuries afterwards. Methodist and Presbyterian missionaries followed in the 19th century starting off a renaissance with more liberal thoughts on issues of equality and woman's rights, which

2405-736: The killing of both Korean government officials and members of the Japanese legation. In 1894, the Donghak Peasant Rebellion occurred. Like the Imo Incident, this rebellion was also generally anti-foreigner, with a focus on Japan. This incident is what sparked the First Sino–Japanese War. In April 1896, Soh Jaipil and others established the Independence Club : the first political organization that advocated for Korean independence. Among other goals,

2470-412: The liberation of Korea, the majority of Korean-language journalists were alumni of the paper. Korean independence movement The Korean independence movement was a series of diplomatic and militant efforts to liberate Korea from Japanese rule . The movement began around the late 19th or early 20th century, and ended with the surrender of Japan in 1945. As independence activism on the peninsula

2535-433: The market; it came to operate 17 branches and 327 bureaus ( 지국 ), and had a circulation of 500,000 copies. By the early 1940s, the tide of World War II had turned against Japan. Until the very end, the Maeil Sinbo highlighted Japan's victories in the war, and advocated for Koreans to be prepared for struggle and for fighting to the death. When the atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in early August 1945,

2600-411: The movement as a step to free Korea from the Japanese military rule. The South Korean government has been criticized as recently as 2011 for not accepting Korean socialists who fought for Korean independence. There was no main strategy or tactic that was prevalent throughout the resistance movement, but there were stages where certain tactics or strategies were prominent. From 1905 to 1910, most of

2665-465: The movement's activities were closed off to the elite class or rare scholar. During this time, militaristic and violent attempts were taken to resist the Japanese including assassination . Most of the attempts were disorganized, scattered, and leaderless to prevent arrests and surveillance by the Japanese. From 1910 to 1919, was a time of education during the colonial era. Many Korean textbooks on grammar and spelling were circulated in schools. It started

Maeil sinbo - Misplaced Pages Continue

2730-467: The newly-established Committee for the Preparation of Korean Independence  [ ko ] . The Maeil Sinbo chairman Lee Seong-geun ( 이성근 ) resigned, and the employees took over operation of the paper. The U.S. military arrived on October 2, 1945, and took control of it. However, the U.S. faced pushback from the around 600 employees. The newspaper and U.S. publicly criticized each other on

2795-408: The newspaper mentioned them briefly and in euphemisms ("new type of bomb"; 신형폭탄 ; 新型爆彈 instead of "atomic bomb"; 원자폭탄 ; 原子爆弾 ) and not as the main headline of the front page. The surrender of Japan was announced to Korea at noon on August 15, 1945. The Maeil Sinbo was informed of the announcement the evening prior, and had already prepared an article for the announcement. Shortly after

2860-462: The newspaper to former employee Lee Jang-hoon ( 이장훈 ; 李章薰 ) for 40,000 won (or 700 British pounds ) worth of gold. The 14 June 1408th issue reflects this, with Lee's name given as editor. The Korean independence activists of the paper resigned and denounced it publicly as a propaganda piece. The paper became strictly controlled by Japan. It changed its name to Maeil Sinbo on August 30, 1910. Another pro-Japanese newspaper, Taehan Sinmun ,

2925-579: The one established in 1906 in Colorado by Park Hee Byung . The culmination of expatriate success was the Shanghai declaration of independence. Sun Yat-sen was an early supporter of Korean struggles against Japanese invaders. By 1925, Korean expatriates began to cultivate two-pronged support in Shanghai: from Chiang Kai-Shek's Kuomintang , and from early communist supporters, who later branched into

2990-402: The peninsula, even over Joseon's formal suzerain , Qing. Japan's hegemony over Korea was further cemented by the Japanese victory in the 1894 to 1895 First Sino–Japanese War . The Treaty of Shimonoseki that ended the war stipulated that Qing would relinquish Joseon from its influence. The Russian Empire then attempted to put Korea in its own sphere of influence, but was soundly defeated in

3055-423: The powers prioritized their own interests in Japan and China. Koreans requesting assistance from foreign governments and being ignored became a frequent occurrence even until the end of the Japanese occupation in 1945. Korean-Chinese joint operations Liberation forces operations Other Following Joseon's forced opening, Japan continued to open more and more parts of Korea to exclusive Japanese trade, to

3120-436: The remaining 60% became owned by the colonial government. Most of its major executives were Korean by this point, although its finance department was headed and mainly staffed by Japanese people. It was expanded to contain eight pages instead of four. In celebration of these changes, it published a special issue on June 30, 1938, which talked about Korean history and calligraphy. From November 1938 to September 1944, it published

3185-778: The strict Confucian tradition would not permit. The early Korean Christian missionaries both led the Korean independence movement active from 1890 through 1907, and later the creation of a Korean liberation movement from 1907 to 1945. Korean Christians suffered martyrdoms, crucifixions, burnings to death, police interrogations and massacres by the Japanese. Amongst the major religious nationalist groups were: Supporters of these groups included French, Czech, Chinese, and Russian arms merchants, as well as Chinese nationalist and communist movements. Expatriate liberation groups were active in Shanghai, northeast China, parts of Russia, Hawaii, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Groups were even organised in areas without many expatriate Koreans, such as

3250-599: The style. All issues since 2 March 1999 have been in the modern horizontal left-to-right style. Besides the daily newspaper, the company also publishes the Weekly Chosun , the Monthly Chosun , Digital Chosun , Edu-Chosun , and ChosunBiz . The Chosun Ilbo has historically taken a hardline stance against North Korea. For example, it opposed South Korean President Kim Dae-jung 's Sunshine Policy , aimed at engaging North Korea through cooperation, mitigating

3315-415: The trend of intellectual resistance to Japanese colonial rule. This period, along with Woodrow Wilson 's progressive principles abroad, created an aware, nationalist, and eager student population. After the March First Movement of 1919, strikes became prominent in the movement. Up to 1945, universities were used as a haven and source of students who further supported the movement. This support system led to

SECTION 50

#1732780882884

3380-405: The twenty years since its founding, the paper had been suspended by the Japanese government four times, and its issues confiscated over five hundred times before 1932. When Korea gained independence in 1945, the Chosun Ilbo resumed publication after a five-year, three-month hiatus. On 1 March 1999, Chosun Ilbo announced that starting the following day (2 March 1999), it would be switching to

3445-656: The two Kims to form the unified Korean Liberation Army (KLA). Under the terms in which the KLA was allowed to operate in China, it became an auxiliary of China's National Revolutionary Army until 1945. China's National Military Council had also decided that "complete independence" for Korea was China's fundamental Korean policy; otherwise, the government in Chongqing tried to unify the warring Korean factions. Although Chiang and Korean leaders like Syngman Rhee tried to influence

3510-425: The women on the trip. The newspaper wrote that they could learn from Japanese housewives, as Korean women's "knowledge [of modern households] was much shallower" than theirs. The newspaper has a significant position in the history of the Korean press. It was the only major daily Korean-language newspaper available throughout Korea for much of the 1910s and from 1940 to the liberation of Korea in 1945. And shortly after

3575-572: Was a tributary state of Qing. The Opium Wars during the mid-19th century between China and various Western powers led to the Qing government being forced to sign several unequal treaties , opening up Chinese territory to foreigners. Japan was also forced to open up by the United States via the 1853 to 1854 Perry Expedition . It then underwent the Meiji Restoration and experienced a period of rapid modernization. However, in 1866, Joseon

3640-416: Was able to resist an American attempt to open it as well as a French attempt . It was Japan that eventually succeeded in opening Korea, when it forced Joseon to sign the unequal Japan–Korea Treaty of 1876 . Japan then began a process of absorbing Korea into its own sphere of influence over the course of several decades. According to Kirk W. Larsen, by 1882, Japan appeared to be the preeminent power on

3705-485: Was arrested in August of the previous year but was released on bail and has been on trial since. On June 29, 2006, he was indicted for evading 2.35 billion won in gift taxes by transferring 65,000 shares of Chosun Ilbo to his son through a nominal trust, and for misusing 2.57 billion won in company funds under the names of family members to increase capital in affiliates like Jogwang Publishing and Sports Chosun. The Supreme Court sentenced Chairman Bang to 3 years in prison with

3770-450: Was benevolent and noble, and that if Koreans obeyed orders to assimilate, the rewards would be immense. A range of views on the relationship between Korea and Japan were published in the newspaper. Some promoted that Korea and Japan had once been part of the same civilization, and that their reunification was natural. Most editorials assumed that Koreans should "become Japanese", although one identified by historian Mark E. Caprio suggested that

3835-802: Was created in September 1919. The Chosun Ilbo newspaper was founded on 5 March 1920 by Sin Sogu with the financial support of the Daejong Business Association. Cho Jin-Tae, the vice-chairman of the Daejong Business Association was appointed the first President of the newspaper in 1920. However, as the Business Association failed to pay promised finances, the relationship between the Association and Chosun Ilbo broke down five months after its founding, and Cho Jin-Tae

3900-679: Was established by Korean exiles in China after the suppression of the March 1st Movement in Korea. The KPG was ideologically aligned with the Chinese government of the time, as independence leader Kim Ku had agreed to Chiang Kai-shek 's suggestion to adopt the Chinese Three Principles of the People program in exchange for financial aid. At the same time, China supported the leftist independence leader Kim Won-bong and convinced

3965-539: Was largely suppressed by Japan, many significant efforts were conducted abroad by the Korean diaspora , as well as by a number of sympathetic non-Koreans. In the mid-19th century, Japan and China were forced out of their policies of isolationism by the West. Japan then proceeded to rapidly modernize, forcefully open Korea, and establish its own hegemony over the peninsula. Eventually, it formally annexed Korea in 1910 . The 1919 March First Movement protests are widely seen as

SECTION 60

#1732780882884

4030-994: Was markedly different than in its other colony, Formosa . This period is referred to as amhukki (the dark period) in Korean historiography and common parlance in Korea. Tens of thousands of Koreans were arrested by the Japanese colonial administration for political reasons. The harshness of Japanese rule increased support for the Korean independence movement. Many Koreans left the Korean Peninsula for Manchuria and Primorsky Krai in Russia, some of whom formed resistance groups and societies in Manchuria to fight for Korean independence. Koreans also carried out armed struggles against Japanese forces in Manchuria and Korea. In 1919 and 1920s, Korean independence army units engaged in resistance activities in Manchuria, which traveled across

4095-536: Was merged into the paper on September 1. The newspaper then became subordinate to the Japanese-language paper Keijō Nippō , and its offices were moved into that paper's building. Japanese journalist Tokutomi Sohō was selected to oversee both the Keijō Nippō and Maeil Sinbo . Tokutomi warned his Korean staff to avoid anti-Japanese reporting, and to avoid writing with a "biased and polarized mind", as well as to avoid "deceitful and false reportage". In

4160-404: Was replaced by Yoo Moon-Hwan on 15 August 1920. On 6 April 1921, after only a year of publishing, the Chosun Ilbo went on hiatus due to financial troubles. On 31 July 1940, the newspaper published "Lessons of American Realism", the fourth part of an editorial series. Ten days later – following issue 6,923 – the paper was declared officially discontinued by the Japanese ruling government. In

4225-466: Was too late to prevent the division of Korea , as the Red Army quickly occupied northern Korea that same month. Inactive or defunct Inactive or defunct Although there were many separate movements against colonial rule, the main ideology or purpose of the movement was to free Korea from the Japanese military and political rule. Koreans were concerned with alien domination and Korea's state as

#883116