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56-541: Magarao is part of the Metro Naga Urban Area . Magarao derived its name from a species of thorny wild bush locally known as garao-garao , which abundantly grows in the area. This type of plant no longer exists today as it was believed that the inhabitants of Magarao hindered its growth and propagation because of its thorny appearance. It was a group of missionaries from the Order of Friars Minor who founded

112-587: A number of loanwords, largely Spanish ones as a result of Spanish rule in the Philippines. These include swerte ( suerte , 'luck'), karne ( carne , 'meat'), imbestigador ( investigador , 'investigator'), litro ('liter'), pero ('but'), and krimen ( crimen , 'crime'). Another source of loanwords in Bikol is Sanskrit , with examples including words like bahala ('responsibility') and karma . There are 16 consonants in

168-532: A rich set of discourse particles. There exist two types of numerals in Bikol: native Bikol and Spanish numerals. Generally, Bicolanos use the Spanish terms when referring to time, as in the phrase a las singko ('5 o'clock'). However, the native terms can be read in literary books. The Spanish numerals are often encountered in pricing. The angry register of Bikol, also known natively as tamanggot or rapsak ,

224-735: A school. The aforementioned "peace treaty" is displayed at the USI Museum. This revolt marked a turning point in Naga City's history, bringing an end to over 323 years of Spanish rule since the founding of Nueva Cáceres . A city ordinance, passed by the Naga City Government, designates September 19 as Liberation Day in the City of Naga. This is ordinance number 2006-050. The ordinance also outlines activities for commemorating Liberation Day and allocates funds to support them. With

280-494: Is Iglesia ni Cristo (INC). INC has several chapels in different barangays in the city, and the local congregation is the largest in the district. It is followed by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (formerly known as "Mormon") which has several congregations (wards) with their main church building situated along Panganiban Drive not far from the INC's. There is also a concentration of Jesus Miracle Crusade ministries in

336-698: Is a majority language in Camarines Sur. The standard sprachraum form is based on the Canaman dialect. Central Bikol features some vocabulary not found in other Bikol languages nor in other members of the Central Philippine language family like Tagalog and Cebuano . Examples are the words matua and bitis , which are the same as the Kapampangan words meaning 'older' and 'foot, feet', respectively. The word banggi ('night')

392-473: Is a portion of Mount Isarog , Barangay Panicuason, a declared protected area known as Mount Isarog Natural Park covering 10,090.89 hectares. According to the Köppen climate classification system, Naga has a tropical savanna climate . The weather in the city from March to May is hot and dry, with temperatures ranging from 24 to 34 °C (75 to 93 °F). The typhoon season is from June to October, and

448-525: Is also the location of several shopping complexes (S&R, Landers, SM, Robinsons and LCC Malls, a central bus terminal and PUV south-bound terminal, and the Naga City IT Park, which houses several business process outsourcing offices. South Riverfront is composed of the whole of Barangay Sabang except those areas that are socialized housing sites or are otherwise excluded by the Naga City land-use plan for commercial or industrial development. It

504-960: Is another example of this as it is different from the usual Bikol word gab-i but closer to the word bengi of Kapampangan. There is no formal study on the relationship of the Central Luzon languages to Central Bikol but the latter has several words that are also found in the archaic form of Tagalog spoken in the Rizal and Quezon provinces that are believed to be the home of Central Luzon languages such as Kapampangan in Pampanga and southern Tarlac , and Sambalic languages in Zambales province. Because of its broad geographic coverage as compared to other Bikol languages separated by islands and mountains, Central Bikol diverged into six dialects, which are still mutually comprehensible. The division of

560-644: Is bordered by CBD-1 (to the east), the Naga River, and the town of Camaligan , Camarines Sur . The main road in the city is Magsaysay Avenue, or Boulevard, which runs from Bagumbayan Road (Naga- Calabanga – Siruma – Garchitorena – Partido North Road), connecting it to Magsaysay district, where accommodations and restaurants catering to travelers are found. Businesses are usually open until late at night, with some shops open 24/7. Naga also has its share of fastfood restaurant chains . The city hall and several provincial offices are also located in

616-746: Is described as "One of the Seven Golden Cities of the Sun" by Nick Joaquín . It is one of the two Philippine cities named Naga, the other being Naga, Cebu in Visayas . Naga is the native pre-colonial name of the city. It is named after the narra tree ( Pterocarpus indicus ), which is known as naga in the Bikol language . It was abundant in the region and was part of a pre-colonial industry of wooden cups and bowls made from narra that produced distinctive blue and yellow opalescent colors when water

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672-637: Is in front of Bicol Medical Center. Later, Robinsons Place Naga opened in 2017. Followed by Vista Mall (2018) along Maharlika Highway , in Barangay Del Rosario. Both S&R Membership Shopping and Landers Superstore which opened in 2023 and 2024, respectively, are located along Roxas Avenue. Leisure hubs abound in the city proper and suburbs but most of which are in Magsaysay Avenue, Dayangdang, and along Roxas Avenue (Diversion Road). There are more than sixty (60) hotels and inns within

728-605: Is known as the "Queen City of Bicol" due to the historical significance of Naga in the Bicol Region; as the "Heart of Bicol", due to its central geographical location on the Bicol Peninsula ; and as " Pilgrim City ," since Naga is also the destination of one of the largest Marian pilgrimages in Asia to the shrine of Our Lady of Peñafrancia , an image that is one of the country's most popular objects of devotion. Naga

784-533: Is poured into them (later known to Europeans as lignum nephriticum ). During the Spanish colonial era , they were exported to Mexico as luxury goods for their purported diuretic properties via the Manila-Acapulco Galleons , and from there, to Europe . They were often presented as gifts to European nobility. The Jesuit missionary and historian Juan José Delgado (1697-1755) describes

840-529: Is spoken in the eastern coast of Albay and the northeastern part of Sorsogon. TLS is the dialect that has been most influenced by the Inland Bikol languages . The Daet dialect, on the other hand, is spoken in the second district of the province of Camarines Norte. The Virac dialect (or Viracnon language) is spoken around Virac, Catanduanes and surrounding towns on the southeastern part of the island of Catanduanes. Like other Philippine languages , Bikol has

896-835: The Ateneo de Naga University by the Jesuits ; the Universidad de Santa Isabel by the Daughters of Charity ; the Naga Metropolitan Cathedral , which is the oldest cathedral that is still standing in Luzon outside Metro Manila ; Peñafrancia Basilica Minore , which is the largest Catholic structure in southern Luzon in terms of size and land area; Our Lady of Peñafrancia Shrine ; the historic San Francisco Church ; and Peñafrancia Museum. Protestant denominations in

952-604: The Pilgrim City of Naga , is a 1st class independent component city in the Bicol Region . According to the 2020 census, Naga has a population of 209,170 people. The most populous in Camarines Sur and the second most populous following Legazpi City in Albay. The town was established in 1575 by order of Spanish Governor-General Francisco de Sande . The city, then named Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres (New Cáceres City),

1008-571: The wharf near Naga City to the barangays of Ponong, Barobaybay and Carigsa along the Bicol River and in the estuarine areas. Water is provided by Metro Naga Water District (MNWD). Naga, Camarines Sur Naga , officially the City of Naga ( Central Bikol : Syudad nin Naga ; Rinconada Bikol : Syudad ka Naga ; Filipino : Lungsod ng Naga ; Spanish : Ciudad de Nueva Cáceres ), or

1064-510: The 1920s, refers to some of the same deities and personages mentioned in the Maragtas . In 1573, on his second expedition to this region, the conquistador Juan de Salcedo landed in a settlement named Naga in the native languages, because of the abundance of narra trees ( naga in Bikol ). In 1575, Captain Pedro de Chávez, the commander of the garrison left behind by Salcedo, founded on

1120-527: The 2nd quarter of 2021 following the 11-12% quarterly growth of the country, several businesses in the city reopened. From 2021, the city is experiencing steady economic improvement and growth. Downtown Naga (commonly called "Centro") is located in the southern part of the city. It is bordered on the north by the Naga University Belt and on the south by the historical Naga City People's Mall or simply Naga City Community Supermarket. It encompasses

1176-529: The Bikol language: /m, n, ŋ, p, t, k, ʔ, b, d, ɡ, s, h, l, w~ʋ, ɾ, j~ʝ/ . Eight sounds are borrowed from loanwords: /f, v, ɲ, tʃ, dʒ, ʃ, ʒ, ʎ/ . The sound system of the language according to Mintz in 1971 is as follows. Native words exhibit a three-vowel system whose vowels can be noted as /a, i, u/ , with /u/ realized as [o] in the final syllable. Due to contact with Spanish, modern Central Bikol also has two marginal phonemes /e, o/ distinct from /i, u/ . Like many other Philippine languages , Bikol has

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1232-698: The Philippine Islands , and the Philippine Postal Savings Bank . Other government banks include Landbank of the Philippines and Development Bank of the Philippines . SM City Naga , the first SM Supermall in Bicol Region opened in 2009. LCC Mall Naga arose at Felix Plazo Street, Sabang in 1997, while Nagaland E-Mall, set up in 2004, is in Downtown Naga. Built in 2005, Avenue Square is the region's first "lifestyle center", along Magsaysay Avenue. Metro Mall Naga (2012)

1288-495: The Philippines, belonging to the Aeta people classification but with language and belief systems unique to their own culture and heritage. Only five Isarog Agta spoke their indigenous language in the year 2000. The language was classified as "Critically Endangered", meaning the youngest speakers are grandparents and older, speak the language partially and infrequently, and hardly pass the language to their children and grandchildren. If

1344-461: The Rinconada area that are studying in different universities, Rinconada Bikol can also be heard in different schools and throughout the city. Some Nagueños have varying degrees of proficiency with Rinconada Bikol, since the southern half of Pili, which is the boundary between Rinconada Bikol and Coastal Bikol speakers, is just few kilometers away from Naga. Although the main language is Bikol, and

1400-762: The Robinsons Cybergate Naga. Central Bikol language Central Bikol , commonly called Bikol Naga or simply as Bikol , is an Austronesian language spoken by the Bicolanos , primarily in the Bicol Region of southern Luzon , Philippines . It is spoken in the northern and western part of Camarines Sur , second congressional district of Camarines Norte , eastern part of Albay , northeastern part of Sorsogon , San Pascual town in Masbate , and southwestern part of Catanduanes . Central Bikol speakers can be found in all provinces of Bicol and it

1456-675: The advent of American rule, the city was reduced to a municipality. In 1919, it lost its Spanish name and became officially known as Naga. Naga came under Japanese occupation on December 18, 1941, following the Japanese invasion of Legaspi a few days earlier. In 1945, toward the end of World War II, combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth troops—of the United States Army , Philippine Commonwealth Army , Philippine Constabulary , as well as Bicolano guerrilla resistance groups—liberated Naga from Imperial Japanese troops. After Naga

1512-547: The beginning of the 17th century, there were only five other ciudades in the Philippines . Nueva Cáceres remained the capital of the Ambos Camarines provinces and later of Camarines Sur province until the formal creation of the independent chartered city of Naga under a sovereign Philippines. For hundreds of years during the Spanish colonial era, Naga grew to become the center of trade, education, and culture, and

1568-571: The city are classified as urban. Naga City has about the same population as Legazpi City (209,533). The city is the ecclesiastical seat of the Archdiocese of Caceres , which oversees the Catholic population in the Bicol Region , whose archbishop is the primate of the region. This dominant faith is supported by the presence of old and influential Catholic institutions, from universities to churches run by different religious institutes , notably

1624-742: The city include Seventh-day Adventists and Bible Baptists , whose churches are located along Magsaysay Avenue, while other Protestants attend the Methodist Church which is among the old structures along Peñafrancia Avenue. The Assemblies of God maintains a fast-growing ministry in Naga. Aside from Naga Bethel Church (formerly Naga Bethel Temple), which is located on Felix Plazo Street, other local congregations are Philippians Christian Fellowship (in barangays San Felipe), Gethsemane Christian Ministries (in Carolina), and outreach ministries in other barangays. The largest minority religion in Naga

1680-472: The city proper, having two 4-star hotels: Avenue Plaza Hotel and Summit Hotel Naga, and ten (10) 3-star hotels. Naga was cited as one of the best places to conduct information technology–business process outsourcing (IT–BPO) activities in the Philippines. As of 2024, the city currently has several IT parks and centers (registered special eco-zones) — the Naga City IT Park (Triangulo IT Park, Proclamation No. 616, s. 2013), ALDP E-Park, ANR Business Center, and

1736-486: The city. Muslims , Sikhs , and Taoists can also be found in the city. The Coastal Bikol-Central dialect of the Coastal Bikol language is the dominant dialect spoken by the population in Naga. Central Standard Bikol is also the basis for other dialects in the Bicol Region . The majority of the city's population can understand and speak English, Filipino , and Tagalog . Because of the influx of people from

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1792-502: The country’s export manufacturing sector. In 2017, the banks in the city numbered around 66, excluding Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas . The city hosts the regional bank offices of Banco de Oro , Philippine National Bank , Development Bank of the Philippines , Metrobank , RCBC , Allied Bank , China Banking Corporation , Philtrust Bank , UnionBank of the Philippines , Philippine Veterans Bank , Asia United Bank , Maybank , Bank of Commerce , East West Bank , Bank of Makati , Bank of

1848-671: The district, around the Peñafrancia Basilica . A sprawling 25+ hectares of land is the Naga City Export Processing Zone in Barangay Carolina, Naga City (Proclamation No. 299, s. 2023), to cater light manufacturing industries focused on high-value engineering products destined for export. First of its kind in Naga and the Bicol Region, the export processing zone will boost the city's economy, provide employment opportunities, and bolster

1904-481: The industry in the following: The city called Nueva Cáceres by the Spaniards bears among the natives the name Naga, on account of the abundance of this tree throughout those provinces of Camarines and Albay, where they carve very curious cups out of it for drinking water. Those made of female naga (pale white wood) are much the better, for this wood tinges the water very quickly to a celestial color, more quickly than

1960-540: The language into different dialects is mainly because of the influence of other Bikol and non-Bikol languages surrounding the region. The Canaman dialect, despite being used only by a small portion of the population in Camarines Sur, is the standard form of Central Bikol used in literature, Catholic religious rites and mass media. Naga City dialect is spoken in the first, second, third districts (except in Del Gallego, where residents are mostly Tagalog speakers), and in

2016-560: The male (reddish wood). These cups are much esteemed in Europe and are regarded as a gift well worthy of any prince. Out of one of these cups they made me drink when I was a child, in Cadiz (Spain), as a remedy for hydropsy and oppilation , and I think that it might have helped me had I not drunk too much. The Bicolandia was closely allied with the Kedatuan of Madja-as Confederation, which

2072-634: The medium of instruction in school is English, people in Naga usually tell time and count in Spanish. In 2010, UNESCO released its 3rd volume of Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger , where three critically endangered languages were in the Philippines. One of these is the Isarog Agta language, of the Isarog Agta people, who live on Mount Isarog and are one of the original Negrito settlers in

2128-459: The remaining 150 Isarog Agta do not pass their native language to the next generation, it will be extinct within one to two decades. Poverty incidence of Naga Source: Philippine Statistics Authority Naga is the Bicol Region 's center of commerce and industry . Strategically located at the midway of Bicol, Naga is the trade center in Bicol for goods from Luzon and Visayas. Naga

2184-542: The saint's image in procession every morning of the novena at the poblacion , a celebration that attracts devotees from other parts of the Bicol Region . Hymns to the saint, known as the Gozos , as well as the Spanish version of the Ave Maria , are chanted during the dawn procession, which is followed by a Mass . Poverty incidence of Magarao Source: Philippine Statistics Authority At present, Magarao belongs to

2240-488: The seat of ecclesiastical jurisdiction in Bicol. Under the commands of Corporals Elias Angeles and Felix Plazo, revolutionaries planned a revolt against the Spanish on September 18, 1898. Gunfire rang out until 5 a.m., and the remaining Spaniards sought shelter at the convent of San Francisco Church. When the Spaniards could no longer withstand the pressure, they signed a peace treaty at the University of Sta. Isabel ,

2296-509: The seat of the new bishopric subject to the Archdiocese of Manila . Nueva Caceres was settled by around 100 Spaniards from Europe and reinforced by migrations from Mexico . In time, the Spanish city and the native village merged into one community and became popularly known as "Nueva Cáceres", to distinguish it from its namesake in Spain. It had a city government as prescribed by Spanish law, with an ayuntamiento and cabildo of its own. At

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2352-536: The site of the present business centre (across the river from the original Naga) a Spanish city which he named La Ciudad de Cáceres, in honor of Francisco de Sande , the Governor-General and a native of Cáceres in Spain. Nueva Caceres, had 30 Spanish Households then. It was by this name of "Nueva Caceres" that it was identified in the papal bull of August 14, 1595, which established the see of Cáceres, together with Cebú and Nueva Segovia , and made it

2408-558: The southeastern part of Luzon, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Pili and 435 kilometres (270 mi) southeast of Manila , the nation's capital, and near the center of the Bicol Region . It is surrounded on all sides by forests and by rich agricultural and fishing areas. It has an area of 84.48 km and is located on the serpentine and historic Naga River , at the confluence of the Naga and Bikol rivers. Thus, it has always been an ideal place for trade, and as center for schools, church, and government offices. Included its territory

2464-434: The third class municipality bracket although there are improvements being made by the local government to hasten its developmental stage. The town, through the initiative of its local officials, allows its constituents to engage into worthwhile activities by providing for them training and seminar workshops on various livelihood projects like ceramics training, papermaking, handicrafts and other community-based industries. This

2520-602: The three public plazas of Naga: The Plaza Quince Martires, The Plaza Quezon, and the Plaza Rizal, which is the center of Central Business District 1 (CBD-1). Downtown Naga is the location of local businesses that sell local delicacies and native products from neighboring municipalities and provinces. A second business district, known as the Central Business District 2 (CBD-2), is located along Panganiban Drive and Roxas , Ninoy , and Cory avenues. It

2576-472: The town in 1570, although missionary work continued only in the year 1690. Magarao was first founded in 1570 and was named Garaoon from 1570 until 1800 when it was renamed Magarao. In 1802 the municipality was absorbed by Quipayo and was downgraded into a "visita. Calabangueños, Bomboneños, Magaraoeños fought for independence in 1897 until 1899 when the United States colonized the Philippines. Magarao

2632-505: The town. Telephone company is BayanTel and other local telephone companies. Power and electricity is supplied by the Camarines Sur Electric Cooperative II (CASURECO II). Most roads are paved . The main road is both paved and asphalted . Rural areas are mostly gravel or dirt roads Calabanga-Naga road or Northbound road goes through town. Coastal barangays are served by bancas that ply from

2688-536: The weather then is generally rainy. From November to February, the climate is cooler with temperatures ranging from 22 to 28 °C (72 to 82 °F). The average year-round humidity is 77%. Naga is politically subdivided into 27 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . According to the 2020 census, the population of Naga is 209,170 people, with a density of 2,300/km . Naga had an average annual population growth of 1.29% between 2010 and 2020 according to same census. All populated areas of

2744-505: The western and eastern portions of the fourth district (Caramoan, Garchitorena, Presentacion, Siruma and Tinambac) of Camarines Sur. It is also spoken in San Pascual, Masbate (Burias Island) and the southwestern part of Catanduanes. The Partido dialect is spoken in the eastern part of Camarines Sur centered in the southern portion of the fourth districts (Goa, Lagonoy, Sagñay, San Jose, and Tigaon). The Tabaco-Legazpi-Sorsogon (TLS) dialect

2800-526: Was 26,742 people, with a density of 590 inhabitants per square kilometre or 1,500 inhabitants per square mile. Bicol is widely spoken in the town, while Tagalog , Hiligaynon , Bisaya , and Ilocano are used immigrants. Tagalog is being used by locals as lingua franca when communicating with non-Bicolanos. Residents of Magarao are predominantly Roman Catholic . Barangay Santa Lucia holds an annual novena to its patron saint , Lucy of Syracuse , nine days before her feast on 13 December. Villagers bring

2856-680: Was inducted into the “Hall of Fame – Most Business Friendly City” by the Philippine Chamber of Commerce & Industry for being a reliable partner to the business community. Consistently, Naga is the No. 1 competitive independent component city of the Philippines from 2015-2016; and 2021-2024. The city's economy was severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic during mid-2020 and was estimated that its assets contracted by around 4% and an unidentified number of small to medium businesses closed. In

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2912-468: Was liberated from the Japanese, Naga began rebuilding. Having suffered only a few casualties, Naga was able to rebuild quickly after the war. After many petitions, Naga became a city on June 18, 1948, when it acquired its present city charter; and its city government was inaugurated on December 15 of the same year by virtue of Republic Act No. 305. Naga is located within the province of Camarines Sur at

2968-573: Was located southeast on Panay Island . According to the epic Maragtas , two datus and their followers, who followed Datu Puti, arrived at Taal Lake , with one group later settling around Laguna de Bay , and another group pushing southward into the Bicol Peninsula, placing the Bicolanos between people from Luzon and people from the Visayas . An ancient tomb preserved among the Bicolanos, discovered and examined by anthropologists during

3024-742: Was made possible due to the combined efforts made by the local government of Magarao and the provincial government of Camarines Sur through the Provincial Livelihood Training, Research and Development Program (PLTRD) The program is geared towards providing community-based industries, identifying projects for product development and skills training and also conducting seminar and workshops for the various livelihood projects. The residents of Magarao has immersed themselves in opportunities which would not just serve benefits for them but would obviously boost their town's economic condition. Internet providers include Globe, Smart, TNT, PLDT in

3080-460: Was merged with Barangay Bombon in Calabanga and became a city in 1901 and was known as Magarao-Bombon shortly until 1903 when it was downgraded into a municipality. In 1949 Magarao Bombon ceased to exist as both municipalities separate. Magarao is politically subdivided into 15 barangays . Each barangay consists of puroks and some have sitios . In the 2020 census, the population of Magarao

3136-617: Was one of the Spanish royal cities in the Spanish East Indies , along with Manila , Cebu , and Iloilo , historically to be the third oldest. Geographically and statistically classified, as well as legislatively represented within Camarines Sur , but administratively independent of the provincial government, Naga is considered to be the Bicol Region 's trade, business, religious, cultural, industrial, commercial, medical, educational, and financial center. Naga

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