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59-721: Buckau is a quarter of the city of Magdeburg , capital of the German state of Saxony-Anhalt . It covers an area of 2.1803 km and has a population of 6,217 (as of 31 December 2020). Its name originates from the Slavic name "Bukow". "Buk" means "beech" in Polish. Buckau lies directly on the river Elbe opposite the southern part of the Rotehorn Landscape Park. To the north, on the roads of Erich-Weinert-Straße and Schönebecker Straße towards Harnackstraße and Steubenallee

118-489: A convent here about 937 and was later buried in the cathedral. He granted the abbey the right to income from various tithes and to corvée labour from the surrounding countryside. The Archbishopric of Magdeburg was founded in 968 at the synod of Ravenna ; Adalbert of Magdeburg was consecrated as its first archbishop. The archbishopric under Adalbert included the bishoprics of Havelberg , Brandenburg , Merseburg , Meissen and Naumburg-Zeitz . The archbishops played

177-552: A height of 104 m (341.21 ft), making it the tallest church building of eastern Germany. It is notable for its beautiful and unique sculptures, especially the "Twelve Virgins" at the Northern Gate, the depictions of Otto I the Great and his wife Editha as well as the statues of St Maurice and St Catherine . The predecessor of the cathedral was a church built in 937 within an abbey, called St. Maurice. Emperor Otto I

236-473: A hill approximately 400 metres (0.25 mi) away from the autobahn. Due to its importance as a major thoroughfare for commercial transit and as a trade route connecting the western parts of Germany to neighbouring Central European countries such as Poland , it is often nicknamed Warsaw Avenue or simply Poland Highway . Christian Dzida, keyboardist for the Austrian band Schürzenjäger from 1995 to 1999,

295-587: A prominent role in the German colonisation of the Slavic lands east of the Elbe river. In 1035 Magdeburg received a patent giving the city the right to hold trade exhibitions and conventions. This formed the basis of German town law to become known as the Magdeburg rights . These laws were adopted and modified throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Visitors from many countries began to trade with Magdeburg. The town

354-533: A second intersection in cloverleaf execution in Germany. The also scheduled for this day traffic transfer of the section between Gütersloh and Bielefeld could not be performed due to a landslide in the Teutoburg Forest. Only after the damage had been eliminated on 15 December, could this route be opened to traffic. On the same day, the section was inaugurated until Bad Salzuflen and Herford. The day before,

413-634: A state of emergency and said they expected the Elbe river to rise higher than in 2002. In Magdeburg, with water levels of five metres (16 ft) above normal, about 23,000 residents had to leave their homes on 9 June. Intel will build its largest plant in Europe in the south of the city by 2027. Magdeburg is one of the major towns along the Elbe Cycle Route (Elberadweg). Its area is 201.03 km (77.62 sq mi). The city of Magdeburg

472-524: Is twinned with: Bundesautobahn 2 The A 2 was modified in the late 1990s, and completely rebuilt in the former East Germany . All of the A ;2 has 3 travel lanes and a breakdown lane in each direction. The highway was planned between September 1933 and December 1934 by the construction departments of the company Reichsautobahn in Düsseldorf, Hanover and Magdeburg. As a connection of

531-514: Is Magdeburg’s old town, the Altstadt . To the south the boundary with Fermersleben is the ‘’Schanzenweg and its projection to the banks of the Elbe. West of Buckau, the railway line from Magdeburg to Leipzig Buckau with the S-Bahn stop of SKET-Industriepark and the roads of Schanzenweg and Schilfbreite form the boundary with the quarters of Leipziger Straße and Hopfengarten . Buckau ist also

590-457: Is at the connection point of Eastern Europe ( Berlin and beyond) with Western Europe , as well as the north and south of Germany. For the modern city, the most significant industries are: machine industry , healthcare industry , mechanical engineering , environmental technology , circular economy , logistics , culture industry , wood industry and information and communications technology . There are numerous cultural institutions in

649-412: Is divided into 40 Stadtteile (districts). Three of these, the former municipalities Beyendorf-Sohlen, Pechau and Randau-Calenberge, have a special status as Ortschaften . The Stadtteile of Magdeburg are: Magdeburg has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ; Trewartha : Dobk ) according to Köppen climate classification . The weather is damp and chilly in winters, with 71.7 days per year in which

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708-506: Is more common in spring and summer than other times of the year, while hail exclusively occurs in spring and summer months. The Magdeburg weather station has recorded the following extreme values: As of 2021, Magdeburg has a population of about 237,000. Its population grew rapidly after the end of 19th century due to industrialization. In 1885, the population was 100,000, and doubled after only five years. Magdeburg reached its greatest population in 1940, at approximately 346,000. At that time

767-499: Is today part of the A 40. Between the towns of Helmstedt and Marienborn one can still see the former border control points, which were turned into a museum in the 1990s. The Dortmund-Lanstrop junction has only been built to give access to the nearby landfill . Garbage trucks approach it via the autobahn, then exit via secondary roads. The landfill is easily recognizable by the Lanstroper Ei , an old water tower standing on

826-602: The Volkssturm and Hitler Youth , and surviving prisoners were sent on death marches towards the Ravensbrück and Sachsenhausen concentration camps. Magdeburg was heavily bombed by British and American air forces during the Second World War. The RAF bombing raid on the night of 16 January 1945 destroyed much of the city centre. The death toll is estimated at 2,000–2,500. Near the end of World War II ,

885-640: The Archdiocese of Magdeburg, was buried in the city's cathedral after his death. Magdeburg's version of German town law , known as Magdeburg rights , spread throughout Central and Eastern Europe. In the Late Middle Ages , Magdeburg was one of the largest and most prosperous German cities and a notable member of the Hanseatic League . One of the most notable people from the city was Otto von Guericke , famous for his experiments with

944-487: The German Democratic Republic . In 1990 Magdeburg became the capital of the new state of Saxony-Anhalt within reunified Germany. Huge parts of the city and its centre were also rebuilt in a modern style. Its economy is one of the fastest-growing in the former East German states. In 2005 Magdeburg celebrated its 1200th anniversary. The city was hit by 2013 European floods . Authorities declared

1003-585: The Magdeburg hemispheres . Magdeburg has experienced three major devastations in its history. In 1207 the first catastrophe struck the city, with a fire burning down large parts of the city, including the Ottonian cathedral . The Catholic League sacked Magdeburg in 1631, resulting in the death of 25,000 non-combatants, the largest loss of the Thirty Years' War . During World War II the Allies bombed

1062-817: The Stadtfest , Christopher Street Day , Elbe in Flames , and the Europafest Magdeburg . The autumn fair (formerly men's fair) of Magdeburg goes back to Germany's oldest folk festival. The tradition dates back to September 1010, when the holy feast of the Theban Legion was celebrated in Magdeburg (then called Magathaburg). One of Magdeburg's most impressive buildings is the Lutheran Cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice with

1121-469: The Thirty Years' War , by Albrecht von Wallenstein , a Protestant convert to Catholicism. However, in 1631, imperial troops under Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly , stormed the city and massacred the inhabitants , killing about 20,000 and burning the city. After the war, a population of only 4,000 remained. Under the Peace of Westphalia (1648), Magdeburg was to be assigned to Brandenburg-Prussia after

1180-480: The 1970s prepared numbering scheme of the federal highways carried the current A 2 in the former West Germany largely their current number, but ran west of the cross Oberhausen on the way of today's A 3 on to the motorway junction Heumar, the Berliner Ring coming Kilometrierung was even continued in a westerly direction to Aachen. From the introduction of today's numbering system in 1975, the A 2 already began at

1239-457: The Berliner Ring. It was the shortest route for the proposed extension in the direction of Szczecin and Königsberg dar. However, the disadvantage was that the crossed area was sparsely populated and already the railroad was the main carrier. The middle variant touched Genthin and Brandenburg on the Havel and aimed at the center of Berlin. Again, the area was sparsely populated and already developed by

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1298-521: The Dutch border Straelen / Venlo and led from the intersection Kaiserberg together as A 2 and A 3 to the cross Oberhausen, where the A 3 in the direction of Arnhem again separated from the route. In the course of the numbering of the junctions, which began in 1992, double denominations of motorway junctions, motorway junctions and dual denominations such as the route between Duisburg and Oberhausen were classified as A 2 / A 3. The piece between Venlo and Duisburg

1357-570: The Fowler against the Magyars and Slavs . In 929 King Otto I granted the city to his English-born wife Edith as dower . Queen Edith loved the town and often resided there; at her death she was buried in the crypt of the Benedictine abbey of Saint Maurice , later rebuilt as the cathedral. In 937, Magdeburg was the seat of a royal assembly. Otto I repeatedly visited Magdeburg, establishing

1416-507: The Great was buried here beside his wife in 973. St. Maurice burnt to ashes in 1207. The exact location of that church remained unknown for a long time. The foundations were rediscovered in May 2003, revealing a building 80 m (262.47 ft) long and 41 m (134.51 ft) wide. The construction of the new church lasted 300 years. The cathedral of Saints Catherine and Maurice was the first Gothic church building in Germany. The building of

1475-631: The Napoleonic Wars, Magdeburg was made the capital of the new Prussian Province of Saxony . In 1912, the old fortress was dismantled, and in 1908, the municipality Rothensee became part of Magdeburg. During World War I , Polish leader Józef Piłsudski and his close associate Kazimierz Sosnkowski were imprisoned in the city by Germany in 1917–1918. During the Weimar Republic the Magdeburger Tageszeitung

1534-516: The Rhine-Ruhr region, the highway was deliberately planned in the northern area of the Ruhr area, since the mining migrated to the north and at the same time wanted to avoid the mountain subsidence areas. In East Westfalen area the road followed the course of settlements. In the area of Hanover, it was natural for the motorway to pass shortly to the south of the city. As Hanover was at that time one of

1593-474: The Rotehornpark. 52°6′22″N 11°38′25″E  /  52.10611°N 11.64028°E  / 52.10611; 11.64028 Magdeburg Magdeburg ( German: [ˈmakdəbʊʁk] ; Low German: [ˈmaˑɪdebɔɐ̯x] ) is the capital of the German state Saxony-Anhalt . The city is situated at the Elbe river. Otto I , the first Holy Roman Emperor and founder of

1652-592: The archbishop, becoming nearly independent from him by the end of the 15th century. Around Easter 1497, the then twelve-year-old Martin Luther attended school in Magdeburg, where he was exposed to the teachings of the Brethren of the Common Life . In 1524, he was called to Magdeburg, where he preached and caused the city's defection from Roman Catholicism . The Protestant Reformation had quickly found adherents in

1711-459: The border crossing Marienborn and the former branch Magdeburg (now motorway junction Werder) is only marked with a T for transit route, on a later map (Reiseland DDR 1988) with the still applicable E 30 designation. It played an important role as a transit corridor to West Berlin , with allied checkpoints at Helmstedt and Dreilinden-Drewitz (on the A ;10 ) respectively. In the beginning of

1770-448: The city in 1945 and destroyed much of the city centre. Today, around 46% of the city consists of buildings from before 1950. After World War II, the city belonged to the German Democratic Republic from 1949 to 1990. Since then, many new construction projects have been implemented and old buildings have been restored. Magdeburg celebrated its 1,200th anniversary in 2005. Magdeburg is situated on Autobahn 2 and Autobahn 14 , and hence

1829-604: The city of about 340,000 became capital of the Province of Magdeburg . Brabag 's Magdeburg/Rothensee plant that produced synthetic oil from lignite coal was a target of the Oil Campaign of World War II . The Gründerzeit suburbs north of the city, called the Nordfront, were destroyed as well as some of the city's main streets with its Baroque buildings. It was occupied by 9th US Army troops on 18 April 1945 and

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1888-609: The city was poised to become a giant metropolis, but the events of WWII changed its future. After the war, in the East Germany era, Magdeburg recovered its industrial base to a degree, particularly the Machine industry , and became one of the important cities of East Germany. In 1991, when Magdeburg became the capital of the state of Saxony-Anhalt , its population was about 275,000. After the German Reunification ,

1947-675: The city, including the Theater Magdeburg and the Museum of Cultural History . The city is also the location of two universities , the Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg and the Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences . Founded by Charlemagne in 805 as Magadoburg (probably from Old High German magado for big , mighty and burg for fortress ), the town was fortified in 919 by King Henry

2006-665: The city, where Luther had been a schoolboy. Emperor Charles V repeatedly outlawed the unruly town, which had joined the League of Torgau and the Schmalkaldic League . As it had not accepted the Augsburg Interim decree (1548), the city, by the emperor's commands, was besieged (1550–1551) by Maurice, Elector of Saxony , but it retained its independence. The rule of the archbishop was replaced by that of various administrators belonging to Protestant dynasties. In

2065-460: The death of the administrator August of Saxe-Weissenfels , as the semi-autonomous Duchy of Magdeburg . This occurred in 1680. The city made an astonishingly quick recovery, due especially to the energy and dedication of its mayor Otto von Guericke , who was also a noted scientist. Just six years after the end of the terribly destructive war, Magdeburg was the scene of the famous scientific experiment known as The Magdeburg hemispheres by which

2124-404: The eight-lane expansion of the sections Bad Nenndorf to Herrenhausen and Hannover-West to Hannover-East classified. On the approximately 3.5-kilometre (2.2 mi) section between the interchange Hannover-Ost and Lehrte the side strips were equipped with emergency stop bays, structurally adapted and sold with block marking and released since 28 January in the direction of Berlin and 1 February in

2183-412: The end of October 2013, after 18 months of construction, the tank and service facility "Lipperland Nord" north of the junction Ostwestfalen / Lippe opened. The rest stop Lipperland Süd was already completed. Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia want to expand the busy A 2 from Bielefeld to the border to Saxony-Anhalt eight lanes. In order to meet the expected increase in traffic, especially of trucks on

2242-435: The entire route. With the concrete guide strips and shoulders, the construction had a width of 24 metres (79 ft). It was laid out, with the exception of the section in the Teutoburg Forest, for speeds of at least 160 kilometres per hour (99 mph). The construction was carried out in parallel with the total of 12 locations. First, on 5 April 1936 the 32 kilometres (20 mi) section between Braunschweig-West and Lehrte

2301-566: The existence of vacuum - hitherto hotly debated - was empirically proven, with enormous implications for the later developments of physics. In the course of the Napoleonic Wars , the fortress surrendered to French troops in 1806. The city was annexed to the French-controlled Kingdom of Westphalia in the 1807 Treaty of Tilsit . King Jérôme appointed Count Heinrich von Blumenthal as mayor. In 1815, after

2360-550: The first football clubs in Germany. There is also the very successful handball team, SC Magdeburg . They won multiple times the Handball-Bundesliga (HBL) , DHB-Pokal , DHB-Supercup , EHF European League , EHF Champions League , EHF Men's Champions Trophy and the IHF Men's Super Globe . The discus was re-discovered in Magdeburg in the 1870s by Christian Georg Kohlrausch , a gymnastics teacher. Magdeburg

2419-490: The first section between Düsseldorf and Recklinghausen was opened in the western area on 17 December. The Kamener cross northeast of Dortmund, where the A 1 crosses the A 2, was on 12 November 1938, together with the section between Recklinghausen and Gütersloh the traffic passed, but still without the subsequent parts of today's A 1, the only after 1945 were put into operation. It was after the Schkeuditzer cross (A 9-A 14)

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2478-630: The following years, Magdeburg gained a reputation as a stronghold of Protestantism and became the first major city to publish the writings of Martin Luther . In Magdeburg, Matthias Flacius and his companions wrote their anti-Catholic pamphlets and the Magdeburg Centuries , in which they argued that the Roman Catholic Church had become the kingdom of the Antichrist . In 1629 the city withstood its first siege during

2537-411: The hubs of German air traffic and the airport was in the north of the city, it was decided, however, for a northern bypass of the city. In addition, there was a freight yard in the north, an industrial area was planned and the soil conditions were better. Between Berlin and Hanover there were three possible variants, which were examined. The northern one was supposed to lead over Stendal and to the north to

2596-679: The important east–west connection, both countries had notified the expansion for the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030. However, the final version of the corresponding demand plan, which came into force at the end of 2016 with the amendment of the Highway Act, now only includes the extension of the motorway triangle Bottrop and Hannover-West, the motorway junction Hannover-Buchholz and the eight-lane extension from Herrenhausen to AD Hannover-West as urgent needs with bottleneck elimination. Further needs are

2655-445: The minimum temperature is below the freezing point, and 15.6 days with maximum temperature below the 0 °C (32 °F) mark. Magdeburg is warm and relatively wet in summer and can sometimes become hot. Annually, 48.9 days have maximum temperature above 25 °C (77 °F), of which 12 days have daily maximum above 30 °C (86 °F). On average, there are 20.9 days with thunder and 0.8 days with hail , annually. Thunder

2714-430: The population of Magdeburg declined due to some loss of industries, when many residents moved to former West Germany . Since 2011, the population has stabilized at around 240,000. The current mayor of Magdeburg is independent politician Simone Borris since 2022. The most recent mayoral election was held on 24 April 2022, with a runoff held on 8 May, and the results were as follows: The most recent city council election

2773-442: The railway. Another difficulty was that there were numerous lakes and bogs, which would have made construction difficult. The southern variant, which was finally built, led through the most densely populated area and opened the possibility of an extension to Wroclaw or Frankfurt (Oder) and Warsaw. It was planned to build two 3.75-metre-wide (12.3 ft) lanes per direction of travel with a 4.2-metre-wide (14 ft) median strip along

2832-508: The ruin were used for the building of the cathedral. The presumed remains of the palace were excavated in the 1960s. Magdeburg has a proud history of sports teams. 1. FC Magdeburg currently plays in the 2. Bundesliga , the second division of German football. They are the only East German football club to have won the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup . The now-defunct clubs SV Victoria 96 Magdeburg and Cricket Viktoria Magdeburg were among

2891-403: The section between Bad Nenndorf and Hannover had already been opened. Thus, only the section between Bad Salzuflen and Bad Nenndorf was missing. This was opened on 23 September 1939. At the outbreak of war only one carriageway was completed. Thus, this was provisionally intended only for the so-called service traffic. Under the operation of Polish forced laborers and prisoners of war, this section

2950-407: The start of the so-called chain of pearls of quarters which include Fermersleben, Salbke and Westerhüsen to the south. Apart from its northern and southern areas, the quarter is densely populated and still has several entire streets in the architectural Gründerzeit style. Buckau has its own station and is well served by local public transport services. There is a ferry over the Elbe from Buckau to

3009-610: The steeples was completed as late as 1520. While the cathedral was virtually the only building to survive the massacres of the Thirty Years' War, it suffered damage in World War II. It was soon rebuilt and completed in 1955. The square in front of the cathedral (also called the Neuer Markt , or "new marketplace") was occupied by an imperial palace ( Kaiserpfalz ), which was destroyed in the fire of 1207. The stones from

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3068-519: Was built and opened until 14 November 1940, except for a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) stretch of the Weser crossing at Bad Oeynhausen, which was built after the war. Altogether 230 bridges were built in the course of the highway. In the GDR, the highway was one of the transit routes, from 1971 in the context of the transit agreement. On a travel and traffic map of the GDR of 1979, the section of the highway between

3127-570: Was burnt down in 1188. In the 13th century, Magdeburg became a member of the Hanseatic League . With more than 20,000 inhabitants Magdeburg was one of the largest cities in the Holy Roman Empire . The town had active maritime commerce on the west (towards Flanders ), with the countries of the North Sea , and maintained traffic and communication with the interior (for example Braunschweig ). The citizens constantly struggled against

3186-481: Was founded in 1991. There are 30 direct study programs in five departments in Magdeburg and two departments in Stendal. The university has more than 130 professors and approximately 4,500 students at Magdeburg and 1,900 at Stendal. Magdeburg has a municipal theatre, Theater Magdeburg . Magdeburg is well known for its Christmas market , which is an attraction for 1.5 million visitors every year. Other events are

3245-434: Was held on 9 June 2024, and the results were as follows: The Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg (German: Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg) was founded in 1993 and is one of the newest universities in Germany. The university in Magdeburg has about 13,000 students in nine faculties. There are 11,700 papers published in international journals from this institute. The Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences

3304-470: Was killed in a road accident on Bundesautobahn 2 in November 2009. The A 2 is completely six-lane between the Ruhr area and Berlin. The last gap of several years of expansion was closed in mid-December 2011. During the long expansion phase, it came again and again to kilometres of traffic jams. Despite extensive security measures, there were always numerous serious rear-end collisions involving trucks. At

3363-655: Was left to the Red Army on 1 July 1945. Post-war the area was part of the Soviet Zone of Occupation and many of the remaining pre-World War II city buildings were destroyed, with only a few buildings near the cathedral and in the southern part of the old city being restored to their pre-war state. Before the reunification of Germany , many surviving Gründerzeit buildings were left uninhabited and, after years of degradation, waiting for demolition. From 1949 until German reunification on 3 October 1990, Magdeburg belonged to

3422-546: Was opened to traffic. Three further sections between Hannover-Ost to Lehrte (10 kilometres or 6.2 miles), Braunschweig-West to Helmstedt (43 kilometres or 27 miles) and Werder / Groß Kreutz (located at the subsequent part of today's A 10) to Burg / Schermen (85 kilometres or 53 miles) followed on 17 August 1936. On 10 January 1937 the Berlin Ring was connected to Hannover with the release of the 55-kilometre-long (34 mi) section between Burg / Schermen and Helmstedt. In 1937,

3481-608: Was published as a local newspaper in Magdeburg. During World War II , Magdeburg was the location of 30 forced labour detachments of the Stalag XI-A prisoner-of-war camp for some 4,500 Allied POWs, a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see also Romani Holocaust ), and three subcamps of the Buchenwald concentration camp , in which mostly Jewish men and boys and Soviet, Polish and Jewish women were imprisoned. In April 1945, dozens of prisoners were massacred by

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