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22-959: The boundaries of the Magdeburg Börde are quite ill-defined. In the west, it borders on the East Brunswick hill country stretching from the Hildesheim Börde in Lower Saxony up to the Hohes Holz forest and the town of Oschersleben on the confluence of the Bode river and the Großer Graben canal. According to the recent editions of the Handbook of the Natural Region Divisions of Germany ,

44-711: A black color, was first identified by the Russian geologist Vasily Dokuchaev in 1883 in the tallgrass steppe or prairie of Eastern Ukraine and Western Russia . Chernozem covers about 230 million hectares of land. There are two "chernozem belts" in the world. One is the Eurasian steppe that extends from eastern Croatia ( Slavonia ), along the Danube (northern Serbia , northern Bulgaria ( Danubian Plain ), southern and eastern Romania ( Wallachian Plain and Moldavian Plain ), and Moldova , to northeast Ukraine across

66-577: A rise a few kilometres southeast of Hildesheim , there is a view of the landscape up to about 20 km away towards the north. The Mittelland Canal runs north of the Börde in an east-west direction. The river Fuhse crosses the area from southeast to north. 52°11′37″N 10°01′50″E  /  52.1936°N 10.0306°E  / 52.1936; 10.0306 Chernozem Chernozem ( / ˈ tʃ ɜːr n ə z ɛ m / CHUR-nə-zem ), also called black soil , regur soil or black cotton soil ,

88-571: A value of 100. Machtsum lies 10 kilometres northeast of Hildesheim . On later measurements a still higher LVZ value of 102.8 was obtained near Mölme , the highest value recorded in Germany to date. Mölme lies about 20 km east of Hildesheim and is part of the municipality of Söhlde . The AB 7 autobahn crosses the western part of the Hildesheim Börde. From the motorway services of Autobahnraststätte Hildesheimer Börde , situated on

110-400: Is a natural region , 272 km in area, in the northern part of Hildesheim district , which is known for its especially rich black earth loess soil. The börde landscape is located in the pentagon of land between Hanover - Peine - Brunswick - Salzgitter - Hildesheim and is dominated by arable countryside with no large towns or cities. The natural boundaries of the area are: to

132-583: Is a black-colored soil containing a high percentage of humus (4% to 16%) and high percentages of phosphorus and ammonia compounds. Chernozem is very fertile soil and can produce high agricultural yields with its high moisture-storage capacity. Chernozems are a Reference Soil Group of the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). The name comes from the Russian terms for black (чёрный čjornyj ) and soil, earth or land (земля zemlja ). The soil, rich in organic matter presenting

154-645: Is also gradual. While in the south, the lower Bode river downstream of Oschersleben forms the border, the adjacent northern foothills of the Harz mountains, east of the Selke river, are occasionally also considered part of the Magdeburg Börde. The landscape is gently undulating and largely treeless. The underlying terrain mainly comprises loose morainic material from the Saale glaciation period with individual outcrops of older rock. This older bedrock and loose morainic debris

176-455: Is mostly obscured by a covering of wind-blown loess . The area has very fertile soils (partly of black earth ), on which sugar beet and wheat are the main crops. In 1934 the soil in the old municipality of Eickendorf (today Bördeland ) was given a soil value of 100, which made it the richest soil in Germany, and it was used until the division of Germany in 1945 as a yardstick for the quality of German soils. The Magdeburg Börde lies in

198-865: The Central-Chernozem Strip of Central and Southern Russia into Siberia . The other stretches from the Canadian Prairies in Manitoba through the Great Plains of the United States as far south as Kansas. Chernozem layer thickness may vary widely, from several centimetres up to 1.5 metres (60 inches) in Ukraine, as well as the Red River Valley region in the northern United States and Canada (location of

220-527: The rain shadow of the Harz Mountains and is consequently one of the driest regions of Germany, albeit not the warmest or sunniest. The highest elevation on the Magdeburg Börde is the Großer Wartberg near Niederndodeleben with a height of 145.7 m. Major settlements include Wanzleben , Irxleben , and Egeln , as well as Staßfurt and Aschersleben in the northeastern Harz foothills. In

242-777: The Canadian system, WRB , and U.S. Department of Agriculture soil taxonomy : As seen in the list above, the 19th and 20th-century discussions on the pedogenesis of Chernozem originally stemmed from climatic conditions from the early Holocene to roughly 5500 BC. However, no single paleo-climate reconstruction could accurately explain geochemical variations found in Chernozems throughout central Europe. Evidence of anthropomorphic origins of stable pyrogenic carbon in Chernozem led to improved formation theories. Vegetation burning could explain Chernozem's high magnetic susceptibility ,

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264-470: The Magdeburg Börde traditionally a variant of the West Low German (Low Saxon) dialect, Bördeplatt , is spoken, though the number of speakers is declining. 52°10′20″N 11°26′20″E  /  52.17222°N 11.43889°E  / 52.17222; 11.43889 Hildesheim B%C3%B6rde The Hildesheim Börde ( German : Hildesheimer Börde or Braunschweig-Hildesheimer Lössbörde )

286-441: The farmland at Eickendorf in the Magdeburg Börde, where German soil values were measured in 1934, was no longer available for West German comparison testing due to the division of Germany . As a result, a federal facility for testing soil values was established at Harsum , part of Machtsum, which was located within the Hildesheim Börde. This has fixed the agricultural comparator ( Landwirtschaftliche Vergleichszahl or LVZ ) at

308-466: The highest of the major soil types. Soil magnetism increases when soil minerals goethite and ferrihydrite convert to maghemite on exposure to heat. Temperatures sufficient to elevate maghemite on a landscape scale indicate the influence of fire. Given the rarity of such natural phenomena in the modern day, magnetic susceptibility in Chernozem likely relates to control of fire by early humans . Humification can darken soils ( melanization ) absent

330-471: The intensive way in which the land is used, so much so that it is sometimes referred to as a 'wheat or sugar beet steppe'. Most of the trees are isolated and only hedges and bushes along the roads and streams break up the scene. Most of the settlements are clustered villages ( Haufendörfer ). Their houses were built close together in order not to waste valuable farmland. After the Second World War

352-400: The local farmers. This enables demanding crops such as sugar beet and wheat to be grown. The land produces an average of 0.8 kg of wheat or 5.5 kg of sugar beet. The dark soil raises the temperature of the ground which extends the annual growing period. The region has a gently undulating landscape with low hills. Large areas are used for arable farming and woods are rare in the Börde due to

374-529: The prehistoric Lake Agassiz ). The terrain can also be found in small quantities elsewhere (for example, in 1% of Poland, Hungary, and Texas). It also exists in Northeast China , near Harbin . The only true chernozem in Australia is located around Nimmitabel , some of the richest soils on the continent. Previously, there was a black market for the soil in Ukraine. The sale of agricultural land

396-724: The river Ohre and the Mittelland Canal . In any case, the Flechtingen Hills south of the Ohre only partly belong to the Magdeburg Börde. Its eastern boundary is mainly defined by the Elbe with the Middle Elbe Biosphere Reserve and the lower Saale river, though several villages east of Magdeburg also consider themselves as part of the Börde. Its transition to Mansfeld Land to the southeast

418-879: The west the Leine , to the north the Burgdorf-Peine Geest , to the south the Innerste Uplands and Hildesheim Forest . To the west is the Calenberg Loess Börde of Calenberg Land . To the east in the direction of Brunswick it transitions gradually into the Magdeburg Börde . These Börde landscapes are part of the Central European loess zone, which lies north of the Central Uplands and stretches from Belgium in

440-423: The west to Western Ukraine in the east. Based on the type of land surface and drainage situation, the Hildesheim Börde is further divided into five areas: The Hildesheim Börde region is almost entirely covered by a layer of ice age loess to a depth of up to 2 m. Its soils are the most fertile in Germany and it has been cultivated for 4,000 years. Today the soils of the börde secure annual record harvests for

462-676: The western border north of Oschersleben roughly coincides with the Weser - Elbe watershed along the Druxberge hills. To the northwest, the basin of the Beber river marks the border with the Drömling nature park near Oebisfelde . To the north, the Börde borders on the Altmark ( Letzlingen Heath), being also a part of Saxony-Anhalt; the boundary here is generally reckoned to be coincident with

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484-581: Was illegal in Ukraine from 1992 to 2020, but the soil, transported by truck, could be traded legally. According to the Kharkiv -based Green Front NGO, the black market for illegally acquired chernozem in Ukraine was projected to reach approximately US$ 900 million per year in 2011. Chernozemic soils are a soil type in the Canadian system of soil classification and the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB). Chernozemic soil type "equivalents", in

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