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65-741: The Disneyland Paris Pride party is the official LGBT pride celebration held annually at Disneyland Paris . Originally called Magical Pride Party , it is the first Disney -sponsored Gay Day at a Disney park. The party is usually held every first Saturday of June, similar to the Gay Days held in Walt Disney World and Disneyland . The inaugural party was held at the Walt Disney Studios Park on June 1, 2019 from 8:00 PM to 2:00 AM. The private party included access to select attractions, Disney Character Meet and Greets ,

130-418: A Twitter meme in 2018, eventually came to be used by some as a response to the perceived tameness of Pride Month. The rainbow flag, also known as the pride flag, is a symbol of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) pride and social movements. The most common variant consists of six horizontal stripes of red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. Designed in 1978 by artist Gilbert Baker,

195-488: A social group . Pride, as opposed to shame and social stigma , is the predominant outlook that bolsters most LGBTQ rights movements. Pride has lent its name to LGBTQ-themed organizations, institutes, foundations, book titles, periodicals, a cable TV channel , and the Pride Library . Ranging from solemn to carnivalesque, pride events are typically held during LGBTQ Pride Month or some other period that commemorates

260-413: A "Magical March of Diversity Parade", DJs , live music performances with "Karaoke Theatre Experiences", as well as themed photo locations. Entertainment included Years & Years lead singer Olly Alexander , Boy George , and acts with significant LGBTQ fanbase like Corine and Sindykatz. The 2020 party was to be held at Disneyland Park on June 6, 2020 from 8:00 PM to 2:00 AM. This would have marked

325-595: A black field along with the slogan " SILENCE = DEATH " as its logo. Some use the triangle in this orientation as a specific "reversal" of its usage by the Nazis. The Pink Panthers Movement in Denver, Colorado, adopted a pink triangle with clawed panther print logo, adapted from the original Pink Panthers Patrol in New York City. In the 1990s, a pink triangle enclosed in a green circle came to be commonly used as

390-483: A call in 1973 for gay men to wear it as a memorial to past victims and to protest continuing discrimination. In the 1975 movie The Rocky Horror Picture Show , Dr. Frank N. Furter—a bisexual transvestite —wears a pink triangle badge on one of his outfits. In 1976, Peter Recht, Detlef Stoffel, and Christiane Schmerl made the German documentary Rosa Winkel? Das ist doch schon lange vorbei... ( Pink Triangle? That

455-635: A constant reminder of shame; however, he also states that pride in some simpler forms is still useful to individuals struggling with shame. Savage writes that gay pride can also lead to disillusionment where an LGBT individual realizes the reality that sexual orientation does not say much about a person's personality, after being led by the illusion that LGBT individuals are part of a co-supportive and inherently good group of people. The growth and commercialization of Christopher Street Days, coupled with their de-politicization, has led to an alternative CSD in Berlin,

520-518: A depletion of the claims of such demonstrations and the merchandization of the parade. In this respect, they defend, in countries like Spain, the United States or Canada, a Critical Pride celebration to give the events a political meaning again. Gay Shame , a radical movement within the LGBT community , opposes the assimilation of LGBT people into mainstream, heteronormative society,

585-487: A former member of the Catholic Church, sought to combat the negative energy emanating from the institution. Higgins paired one of the seven deadly sins, "pride," with "gay" due to the church's stance on same-sex behaviors as going against divine and natural laws. "That language was transformative," McConnell said. This approach not only opened doors but also propelled individuals forward. In 1971, McConnell introduced

650-459: A gay pride event in the capital. Homosexual acts are illegal in Uganda . In a special queer issue of The Stranger in 1999, openly gay author, pundit, and journalist Dan Savage questioned the relevance of pride thirty years later, writing that pride was an effective antidote to shame imposed on LGBT people, but that pride is now making LGBT people dull and slow as a group, as well as being

715-683: A jury chose the pink triangle design for the Homomonument in Amsterdam, to memorialize gay and bisexual men killed in the Holocaust (and also victims of anti-gay violence generally ). In 1995, after a decade of campaigning for it, a pink triangle plaque was installed at the Dachau Memorial Museum to commemorate the suffering of gay men and lesbians. In 2015 a pink triangle was incorporated into Chicago's Legacy Walk . It

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780-552: A prisoner was also identified as Jewish , the triangle was superimposed over a second yellow triangle pointing the opposite way, to resemble the Star of David like the yellow badge identifying other Jews. Prisoners wearing a pink triangle were harshly treated by most other prisoners. After the camps were liberated at the end of the Second World War, some of the prisoners imprisoned for homosexuality were re-incarcerated by

845-539: A revised version of the Paragraph, which still made sex between men up to the age of 21—as well as queer male sex work —illegal. While many, though not all, lawsuits seeking monetary compensation have failed, in 2002 the German government issued an official apology to gay men who were persecuted during the war. Rudolf Brazda , one of the last known homosexual concentration camp survivors, died on August 3, 2011, at

910-559: A sign "I am a Lesbian" walked by. – The New York Times coverage of Gay Liberation Day, 1970 Christopher Street Liberation Day on June 28, 1970, marked the first anniversary of the Stonewall riots with the march, which was the first Gay Pride march in New York history, and covered the 51 blocks to Central Park . The march took less than half the scheduled time due to excitement, but also due to wariness about walking through

975-805: A standstill. Even though the Royal Household of Spain approved publication of the interview and Pilar Urbano offered to share the interview recording, both Queen Sofía and the Royal Household have refuted the comments in question. In 2015 police dispersed the Pride parade using tear gas and rubber bullets. In 2016 and 2017, the Istanbul Governor's Office did not allow the Pride Parade to take place, citing security concerns and public order. In 2016, Ugandan police broke up

1040-565: A statement. According to Chief Marlon Macedo, the police alleged that the photographer was interfering with their work, did not have identification, and became aggressive when he was asked to move. Bené denied the allegations, saying the police were belligerent and that the scene was witnessed by "over 300 people", reported Agência Estado. In a 2008 interview for the biography La Reina muy cerca (The Queen Up Close), by Spanish journalist and writer Pilar Urbano , Queen Sofía of Spain sparked controversy by voicing her disapproval of LGBT pride. This

1105-484: A symbol identifying " safe spaces " for LGBTQ+ people at work or in school. Use of the pink triangle symbol is not without criticism. In 1993, historian Klaus Müller argued that "the pink triangles of the concentration camps became an international symbol of gay and lesbian pride because so few of us are haunted by concrete memories of those who were forced to wear them." The symbol of the pink triangle has been included in numerous public monuments and memorials. In 1980

1170-452: A turning point in a country's LGBTQ history , for example Moscow Pride in May for the anniversary of Russia's 1993 decriminalization of homosexuality . Some pride events include Pride parades and marches, rallies, commemorations, community days, dance parties, and festivals. Common symbols of pride include the rainbow flag and other pride flags , the lowercase Greek letter lambda (λ) ,

1235-728: Is Beautiful ", gay civil rights pioneer and participant in the Annual Reminders Frank Kameny originated the slogan "Gay is Good" in the early 1960s to counter social stigma and personal feelings of guilt and shame . Early on the morning of Saturday, June 28, 1969, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons rioted following a police raid on the Stonewall Inn , a gay bar at 43 Christopher Street in Greenwich Village , Manhattan , New York City. This riot and further protests and rioting over

1300-431: Is no straight or heterosexual civil rights movement. (federal) = federal holidays, (abbreviation) = state/territorial holidays, (religious) = religious holidays, (cultural) = holiday related to a specific racial/ethnic group or sexual minority , (week) = week-long holidays, (month) = month-long holidays, (36) = Title 36 Observances and Ceremonies Pink triangle In Nazi concentration camps , each prisoner

1365-640: The Los Angeles Times wrote that the event "marks a dramatic shift for the world's biggest theme park operator", noting that The Walt Disney Company has previously allowed independent groups to stage gay-themed events in its parks in the United States, Japan and China but never participated themselves. Nathan Tunnah, a travel consultant, stated that he believes that Disney taking over the LGBT celebration would bring more people from across Europe to them each year. Jacob Ogles of The Advocate expressed that

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1430-776: The Allied -established Federal Republic of Germany , as the Nazi laws against homosexuality were not repealed there until 1969. An out homosexual man named Heinz Dörmer , for instance, served in a Nazi concentration camp and then in the jails of the new Republic. The Nazi amendments to Paragraph 175, which turned homosexuality, previously labeled as a minor offense, into a felony , remained intact in East Germany until 1968 and in West Germany until 1969. West Germany continued to imprison those identified as homosexual until 1994 under

1495-472: The Civic Center (now Richard J. Daley) Plaza . The date was chosen because the Stonewall events began on the last Saturday of June and because organizers wanted to reach the maximum number of Michigan Avenue shoppers. Subsequent Chicago parades have been held on the last Sunday of June, coinciding with the date of many similar parades elsewhere. Subsequently, during the same weekend, gay activist groups on

1560-578: The Lavender Menace and 1980s and 1990s associations of lavender with queerness . Taking a more militant tone, the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP) was formed by six gay activists in New York City in 1987, and to draw attention to the disease's disproportionate impact on gay and bisexual men, and the apparent role of "genocidal" queer-antagonism in slowing progress on medical research, adopted an upward-pointing pink triangle on

1625-477: The Workers' Party opposed the bill as enhancing "the possibility of discrimination and prejudice". The bill was nevertheless passed by the city council, but never received the signature of mayor Gilberto Kassab . A Brazilian photographer was arrested after refusing to delete photos of police attacking two young people participating in a gay pride parade on October 16, 2011, in the city of Itabuna, Bahia, reported

1690-406: The commodification of non-heterosexual identity and culture, and in particular the (over) commercialization of pride events. "Straight pride" and "heterosexual pride" are analogies and slogans that contrast heterosexuality with homosexuality by copying the phrase "gay pride". Originating from the culture wars in the United States, "straight pride" is a form of conservative backlash as there

1755-511: The pink triangle and the black triangle , these latter two reclaimed from use as badges of shame in Nazi concentration camps . In the earlier decades of the 20th century before the term "Pride" became widely used, gatherings and protests by the LGBTQ+ community were often referred to as Homophile demonstrations reflecting a more conservative and assimilationist approach to LGBTQ+ rights. As

1820-734: The Annual Reminder, in order to be more relevant, reach a greater number of people, and encompass the ideas and ideals of the larger struggle in which we are engaged—that of our fundamental human rights—be moved both in time and location. We propose that a demonstration be held annually on the last Saturday in June in New York City to commemorate the 1969 spontaneous demonstrations on Christopher Street and this demonstration be called CHRISTOPHER STREET LIBERATION DAY. No dress or age regulations shall be made for this demonstration. We also propose that we contact Homophile organizations throughout

1885-605: The CSD committee, Robert Kastl, countered Butler's allegations and pointed out that the organizers already awarded a counseling center for lesbians dealing with double discrimination in 2006. Regarding the allegations of commercialism, Kastl further explained that the CSD organizers do not require small groups to pay a participation fee (which starts at €50 and goes up to €1500 ). He also distanced himself from all forms of racism and Islamophobia . Some social movements and associations have criticized modern iterations of pride, viewing it as

1950-560: The Civil Courage Award (Zivilcouragepreis) of the Christopher Street Day Parade in Berlin, Germany, at the award ceremony, arguing and lamenting in a speech that the parade had become too commercial, and was ignoring the problems of racism and the double discrimination facing homosexual or transsexual migrants. According to Butler, even the organizers themselves promote racism. The general manager of

2015-570: The UK's diversity and our values of equality, inclusion and freedom". The US embassy in the Emirates also posted a picture of the flying American and Pride flags on its Abu Dhabi residence, stating that it supported "dignity and equality of all people". While the move was remarkable, it faced backlash online and was extensively criticized by the locals over social media. Many called it "disrespectful" and "insulting". The term Wrath Month , which started as

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2080-914: The United States constituted an extremely repressive legal and social period for LGBT people . In this context American homophile organizations such as the Daughters of Bilitis and the Mattachine Society coordinated some of the earliest demonstrations of the modern LGBT rights movement. These two organizations in particular carried out pickets called " Annual Reminders " to inform and remind Americans that LGBT people did not receive basic civil rights protections. Annual Reminders began in 1965 and took place each July 4 at Independence Hall in Philadelphia . The anti-LGBT discourse of these times equated both male and female homosexuality with mental illness. Inspired by Stokely Carmichael 's " Black

2145-766: The United States, the month of June is recognized as Pride Month whereas in Canada, it's a full season. For the first time in the history of an Arab monarchy, diplomatic embassies in the United Arab Emirates supported the LGBTQ community by raising the rainbow flag to celebrate Pride Month 2021. The UK embassy in the UAE posted a picture on Twitter of the Pride flag alongside the Union Jack , affirming their "pride in

2210-670: The West Coast of the United States held a march in Los Angeles and a march and "Gay-in" in San Francisco . The next year, Gay Pride marches took place in Boston , Dallas , Milwaukee , London , Paris , West Berlin , and Stockholm . By 1972 the participating cities included Atlanta , Brighton , Buffalo , Detroit , Washington D.C. , Miami , and Philadelphia , as well as San Francisco. Frank Kameny soon realized

2275-578: The age of 98. In the 1970s, newly active Australian, European and North American queer liberation advocates began to use the pink triangle to raise awareness of its use in Nazi Germany. In 1972, gay concentration camp survivor Heinz Heger 's memoir Die Männer mit dem rosa Winkel ( The Men with the Pink Triangle ) brought it to greater public attention. In response, the German gay liberation group Homosexuelle Aktion Westberlin issued

2340-523: The birth of the gay liberation movement. Certainly it was the birth of gay pride on a massive scale." In the 1980s there was a major cultural shift in the Stonewall Riot commemorations. The previous more loosely organized, grassroots marches and parades were taken over by more organized and less radical elements of the gay community. The marches began dropping "Liberation" and "Freedom" from their names under pressure from more conservative members of

2405-410: The city with gay banners and signs. Although the parade permit was delivered only two hours before the start of the march, the marchers encountered little resistance from onlookers. The New York Times reported (on the front page) that the marchers took up the entire street for about 15 city blocks. Reporting by The Village Voice was positive, describing "the out-front resistance that grew out of

2470-690: The community, replacing them with the philosophy of "Gay Pride" (in San Francisco, the name of the gay parade and celebration was not changed from Gay Freedom Day Parade to Gay Pride Day Parade until 1994). The Greek lambda symbol and the pink triangle , which had been revolutionary symbols of the Gay Liberation Movement, were tidied up and incorporated into the Gay Pride, or Pride, movement, providing some symbolic continuity with its more radical beginnings . The pink triangle

2535-456: The context of local opposition. In August 2011, São Paulo city alderman Carlos Apolinário of the right-wing Democrats Party sponsored a bill to organize and sponsor "Heterosexual Pride Day" on the third Sunday of December. Apolinário, an Evangelical Protestant , stated that the intent of the parade was a "struggle ... against excesses and privileges". Members of Gay Group of Bahia  [ ar ; ast ; es ; fr ; it ; pt ] and

2600-683: The country and suggest that they hold parallel demonstrations on that day. We propose a nationwide show of support. All attendees to the ERCHO meeting in Philadelphia voted for the march except for Mattachine Society of New York, which abstained. Members of the Gay Liberation Front (GLF) attended the meeting and were seated as guests of Rodwell's group, Homophile Youth Movement in Neighborhoods (HYMN). Meetings to organize

2665-587: The event signified another step in Disney's evolution of acceptance of their LGBT fans. Many conservative organisations which previously criticised Disney for their pro-LGBT actions stayed silent on the announcement. LGBT pride Pride (also known as LGBTQ pride , LGBTQIA pride , LGBT pride , queer pride or gay and lesbian pride ) is the promotion of the rights, self-affirmation , dignity, equality , and increased visibility of lesbian , gay , bisexual , transgender and queer ( LGBTQ ) people as

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2730-570: The first time a Disney-sponsored Pride celebration would have been held inside a Castle park. The event would have featured live performances, dance parties, a Disney lip-sync-along, the return of the "Magical March of Diversity Parade", Disney Character Meet and Greets , access to selected attractions, and many more. However, due to the COVID-19 pandemic , it was officially announced that Disneyland Paris Pride II had been canceled, with Disneyland Paris Pride II taking place 12 June 2021. Hugo Martin of

2795-505: The flag's colors were originally eight and had specific meanings in relation to the LGBT+ community. The design has undergone revisions over the years, but it remains a widely recognized symbol of LGBTQ+ identity and activism. From both outside and inside the LGBT community, there is criticism and protest against pride events. Bob Christie's documentary Beyond Gay: The Politics of Pride evaluates gay pride events in different countries within

2860-532: The following nights were the watershed moment in the modern LGBT rights movement and the impetus for organizing LGBT pride marches on a much larger public scale. On November 2, 1969, Craig Rodwell , his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy , and Linda Rhodes proposed the first pride march to be held in New York City by way of a resolution at the Eastern Regional Conference of Homophile Organizations (ERCHO) meeting in Philadelphia. That

2925-405: The greatest mistakes of his life". The image of gays retaliating against police, after so many years of allowing such treatment to go unchallenged, "stirred an unexpected spirit among many homosexuals". Kay Lahusen , who photographed the marches in 1965, stated, "Up to 1969, this movement was generally called the homosexual or homophile movement... Many new activists consider the Stonewall uprising

2990-487: The letter A (which stood for Arschficker , literally "arse fucker"). Later, the use of a pink triangle was established for prisoners identified as homosexual men and transgender women. ( Lesbian and bisexual women and trans men were not systematically imprisoned; some were classified as "asocial", wearing a black triangle .) The pink triangle was also assigned to others considered sexual deviants, including zoophiles and pedophiles in addition to sex offenders. If

3055-574: The march began in early January at Rodwell's apartment in 350 Bleecker Street . At first there was difficulty getting some of the major New York City organizations like Gay Activists Alliance (GAA) to send representatives. Craig Rodwell and his partner Fred Sargeant, Ellen Broidy, Michael Brown , Marty Nixon, and Foster Gunnison Jr. of Mattachine made up the core group of the CSLD Umbrella Committee (CSLDUC). For initial funding, Gunnison served as treasurer and sought donations from

3120-511: The march on a Sunday, and so as to mark the date of the start of the Stonewall uprising, the CSLDUC scheduled the date for the first march for Sunday, June 28, 1970. With Dick Leitsch's replacement as president of Mattachine NY by Michael Kotis in April 1970, opposition to the march by Mattachine ended. There was little open animosity, and some bystanders applauded when a tall, pretty girl carrying

3185-536: The movement became more radical in the late 1960s, particularly after the Stonewall Uprising, they were called Gay Liberation marches or rallies which emphasized demands for full equality and liberation. The term "Gay Pride" was claimed to be coined either by Jack Baker and Michael McConnell , an activist couple in Minnesota, or by Thom Higgins , another gay rights activist in Minnesota. Higgins,

3250-500: The national homophile organizations and sponsors, while Sargeant solicited donations via the Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookshop customer mailing list and Nixon worked to gain financial support from GLF in his position as treasurer for that organization. Other mainstays of the organizing committee were Judy Miller, Jack Waluska, Steve Gerrie and Brenda Howard of GLF. Believing that more people would turn out for

3315-421: The newspaper Correio 24 horas. According to the website Notícias de Ipiau, Ederivaldo Benedito, known as Bené, said four police officers tried to convince him to delete the photos soon after they realized they were being photographed. When he refused, they ordered him to turn over the camera. When the photographer refused again, the police charged him with contempt and held him in jail for over 21 hours until he gave

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3380-505: The pink triangle. The biangles symbol was designed by artist Liz Nania as she co-organized a bisexual contingent for the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights in 1987. The addition of a blue triangle to the pink triangle in the biangles symbol contrasts the pink and represents heterosexuality . The two triangles overlap and form lavender, which represents the "queerness of bisexuality", referencing

3445-633: The pivotal change brought by the Stonewall riots. An organizer of gay activism in the 1950s, he was used to persuasion, trying to convince heterosexuals that gay people were no different from themselves. When he and other people marched in front of the White House, the State Department and Independence Hall only five years earlier, their objective was to look as if they could work for the U.S. government. Ten people marched with Kameny then, and they alerted no press to their intentions. Although he

3510-529: The police raid on the Stonewall Inn one year ago". There was also an assembly on Christopher Street. On Saturday, June 27, 1970, Chicago Gay Liberation organized a march from Washington Square Park ("Bughouse Square") to the Water Tower at the intersection of Michigan and Chicago avenues, which was the route originally planned, and then many of the participants extemporaneously marched on to

3575-530: The so-called "Kreuzberger CSD" or "Transgenialer" ("Transgenial"/Trans Ingenious") CSD. Political party members are not invited for speeches, nor can parties or companies sponsor floats. After the parade, there is a festival with a stage for political speakers and entertainers. Groups discuss lesbian/transsexual/transgender/gay or queer perspectives on issues such as poverty and unemployment benefits (Hartz IV), gentrification, or "Fortress Europe". In June 2010, American philosopher and theorist Judith Butler refused

3640-540: The term "gay pride" in Chicago, setting off a powerful movement. Brenda Howard along with the bisexual activist Robert A. Martin (aka Donny the Punk) and gay activist L. Craig Schoonmaker are credited with popularizing the word "Pride" to describe these festivities. Karl Heinrich Ulrichs was one of the first openly gay activists and is considered a predecessor of the LGBT pride movement. The 1950s and 1960s in

3705-450: The world. At many colleges, which are not in session in June, LGBT pride is instead celebrated during April, which is dubbed "Gaypril". Pride month is not recognized internationally as pride celebrations take place in many other places at different times, including in the months of February, August, and September. In Canada, Pride Season refers to the wide array of Pride events held from June to September.[1] In other countries like

3770-427: The world. I call upon all Americans to observe this month by fighting prejudice and discrimination in their own lives and everywhere it exists. – Proclamation 8529 by U.S President Barack Obama, May 28, 2010 Three presidents of the United States have officially declared a pride month. First, President Bill Clinton declared June "Gay & Lesbian Pride Month" in 1999 and 2000. Then from 2009 to 2016, each year he

3835-514: Was also the inspiration for the homomonument in Amsterdam , commemorating all gay men and lesbians who have been subjected to persecution because of their homosexuality. Pride Month occurs in the United States to commemorate the Stonewall riots , which occurred at the end of June 1969. As a result, many pride events are held during this month to recognize the impact LGBTQ people have had in

3900-539: Was in addition to overstepping her official duties as a member of the Royal Family by censoring the Spanish Law on Marriage in how it names same-sex unions as "matrimonio" (marriage). Without using the slogan "Straight Pride", Queen Sofía was directly quoted as saying that if heterosexuals were to take the streets as the LGBT community does for Gay Pride parades, that the former collective would bring Madrid to

3965-697: Was in office, President Barack Obama declared June LGBT Pride Month. Later, President Joe Biden declared June LGBTQ+ Pride Month in 2021. Donald Trump became the first Republican president to acknowledge LGBT Pride Month in 2019, but he did so through tweeting rather than an official proclamation; the tweet was later released as an official "Statement from the President." Beginning in 2012, Google displayed some LGBT-related search results with different rainbow-colored patterns each year during June. In 2017, Google also included rainbow-coloured streets on Google Maps to display Gay Pride marches occurring across

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4030-479: Was incorporated into the logos of such organizations and businesses. It was also used by individuals, sometimes discreetly or ambiguously as an "insider" code unfamiliar to the heterosexual majority. The logo for the 1987 March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights was a silhouette of the US Capitol Dome superimposed over a pink triangle. The design of the biangles symbol of bisexuality began with

4095-442: Was required to wear a downward-pointing, equilateral triangular cloth badge on their chest, the color of which identified the stated reason for their imprisonment. Early on, prisoners perceived as gay men were variously identified with a green triangle (indicating criminals) or red triangle (political prisoners), the number 175 (referring to Paragraph 175 , the section of the German penal code criminalizing homosexual activity), or

4160-463: Was stunned by the upheaval by participants in the Annual Reminder in 1969, he later observed, "By the time of Stonewall, we had fifty to sixty gay groups in the country. A year later there were at least fifteen hundred. By two years later, to the extent that a count could be made, it was twenty-five hundred." Similar to Kameny's regret at his own reaction to the shift in attitudes after the riots, Randy Wicker came to describe his embarrassment as "one of

4225-418: Was such a long time ago... ). Publications such as San Francisco's Gay Sunshine and Toronto's The Body Politic promoted the pink triangle as a memorial to those who had faced persecution and oppression. In the 1980s, the pink triangle was increasingly used not just as a memorial but as a positive symbol of both self-identity and community identity. It commonly represented both gay and lesbian identity, and

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