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98-788: On 22 October 1975, at the Old Bailey in London, the Guildford Four were convicted of bombings carried out by the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA). Subsequently, the Maguire Seven were convicted of handling explosives found during the investigation into the bombings. Both groups' convictions were eventually declared "unsafe and unsatisfactory" and reversed in 1989 and 1991, respectively, after they had served 15 to 16 years in prison. Along with

196-473: A Benemerenti medal for her 'remarkable ability to forgive' and her community work. In 1993, Hill married Courtney Kennedy, a daughter of assassinated U.S. Senator Robert F. Kennedy and a niece of assassinated president John F. Kennedy . They had a daughter, Saoirse, in 1997. Paul had a daughter, Cara, from a previous relationship with Gina Tohill. Paul and Courtney legally separated in 2006. Their daughter, Saoirse Kennedy Hill, died in 2019 at age 22. Hill had

294-576: A campaign to free the " Craigavon Two ", Brendan McConville and John Paul Wootton, convicted of the murder of a police officer in Northern Ireland. Conlon died at home in Belfast on 21 June 2014. His family issued a statement: "He brought life, love, intelligence, wit and strength to our family through its darkest hours. He helped us to survive what we were not meant to survive. We recognise that what he achieved by fighting for justice for us had

392-412: A daughter soon after her release. She kept out of the public eye and died in 2012 aged 55. The autobiography of the youngest member of the Maguire Seven, Patrick Maguire, My Father's Watch: The Story of a Child Prisoner in 70s Britain , was released in 2008. It tells his story before, during, and after his imprisonment and details its impact on his life and those of his family. Gerry Conlon later joined

490-595: A far, far greater importance—it forced the world's closed eyes to be opened to injustice; it forced unimaginable wickedness to be acknowledged; we believe it changed the course of history". Sir John Donaldson went on to an illustrious judicial career and became Master of the Rolls , Head of the Civil Division of the Court of Appeal. The appeal case itself for R v Maguire 1981 , is now the leading case for disclosure to

588-441: A key factor in his coerced confession was that anti-terrorism laws passed in the early 1970s allowed the police to hold suspects without charges for up to a week, and that he might have been able to withstand the treatment he had received had a shorter time limit been in effect. The four were convicted on 22 October 1975 of murder and other crimes and sentenced to life imprisonment—mandatory for adults convicted of murder. Richardson,

686-710: A memorandum recognising that it was unlikely they were terrorists, but that this would not be sufficient evidence for appeal. After the 1977 court appeal failed, a number of 'lone voices' publicly questioned the conviction; among them were David Martin in The Leveller , Gavin Esler and Chris Mullin in the New Statesman , and David McKittrick in the Belfast Telegraph . On 26 February 1980, BBC One Northern Ireland aired Spotlight: Giuseppe Conlon and

784-540: A minor at the time of the bombings, received an indeterminate " at Her Majesty's pleasure " sentence for murder and a life sentence for conspiracy. Justice Lord Donaldson of Lymington , who also presided over the Maguire Seven trial, expressed regret that the Four had not been charged with high treason , which still had a mandatory death penalty . Although no hangings had been carried out in the UK since 1964 , treason still carried

882-591: A nearby watercourse and eponymous priory, developed from a linear hamlet along Watling Street (here called Kilburn High Road) which was the boundary of the Ancient parishes of Willesden – to the west of Watling Street and now part of Brent, and Hampstead to the east (now part of Camden). These parishes subsequently became a Municipal and a Metropolitan Borough respectively (based on the same boundaries), before merging with neighbouring areas in 1965 to form modern London Boroughs of which they are now part. If Kilburn

980-599: A senior Minister of the Crown , the most senior judicial officer holder in the UK, as well as presiding officer of the House of Lords. Old Bailey The Central Criminal Court of England and Wales , commonly referred to as the Old Bailey after the street on which it stands, is a criminal court building in central London, one of several that house the Crown Court of England and Wales . The street outside follows

1078-535: A sword in her right hand and the scales of justice in her left. The statue is popularly supposed to show blind Justice , but the figure is not blindfolded: the courthouse brochures explain that this is because Lady Justice was originally not blindfolded, and because her "maidenly form" is supposed to guarantee her impartiality which renders the blindfold redundant. During the Blitz of the Second World War,

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1176-581: A televised meeting with the brother of murdered soldier Brian Shaw, who continued to accuse him. He travelled to Colombia to attend the trial of the Colombia Three . Gerry Conlon's autobiography Proved Innocent was adapted into the film In the Name of the Father , with actor Daniel Day-Lewis portraying Conlon. The film depicts Conlon's attempt to rebuild his shattered relationship with his father but

1274-459: Is "The Animals WW1 memorial dispensary". The building itself dates back to the early 1930s. Formally opened in March 1931, it treated over 6,000 animals in its first year. The front of the building has a large bronze plaque above the door as a memorial to animals killed in the first world war. It's an impressive piece of bronze sculpture by F Brook Hitch of Hertford. Next door at 12-14 Cambridge Avenue,

1372-458: Is first mentioned in 1585; it was next to the older Newgate Prison , and seems to have grown out of the endowment to improve the gaol and rooms for the sheriffs, made possible by a gift from 15th-century Lord Mayor Richard Whittington . It was destroyed in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and rebuilt in 1674, with the court open to the weather to prevent the spread of disease. The building

1470-486: Is one of the only surviving London examples of a " Tin Tabernacle " from 1863, which is currently used by a local arts charity. This very unusual building, originally built as St. James' Episcopal Chapel, is Grade II listed and is open to the public on Saturdays. Just to the south of St. Augustine's on Carlton Vale stands the rebuilt Carlton Tavern , a pub built in 1920-21 for Charrington Brewery and thought to be

1568-536: Is partly fictional; Conlon never shared a cell with his father. He is reported to have settled with the government for compensation in the region of £ 500,000. Conlon gave support to Tommy Sheridan in relation to the charges brought against him. Sarah Conlon , who spent 16 years campaigning to have the names of her husband and son cleared and helped secure the apology, died on 20 July 2008. Paddy Armstrong had problems with drinking and gambling. He eventually married and moved to Dublin. Carole Richardson married and had

1666-622: Is recognised and protected as a Grade II* listed building . An extension, South Block, was constructed in 1972, over the former site of Newgate Prison which had been demolished in 1904. The Crown Court sitting in the Old Bailey hears major criminal cases from within Greater London . In exceptional cases, trials may be referred to the Old Bailey from other parts of England and Wales. As with most courts in England and Wales, trials at

1764-502: Is taken to extend into the City of Westminster then the historic districts it overlaps are Paddington , to the west of Watling Street, and Marylebone to the east of it. Both of these areas became part of the City of Westminster in 1965. The electoral wards of 'Kilburn (Camden)' and 'Kilburn (Brent)' cover some of the area. Much of the area is in the NW6 postcode area, and by some interpretations

1862-650: Is the main road in Kilburn. It follows a part of the line of the Roman route, Iter III in the Antonine Itinerary , which later took the Anglo-Saxon name Watling Street . This was based on an earlier Celtic route from Verlamion to Durovernum Cantiacorum , modern day St Albans and Canterbury . Running roughly north-west to south-east, it forms the boundary between the London boroughs of Camden to

1960-608: The Bakerloo line , lies a little west of the southern end of the High Road. Kilburn Underground station sits on the northern side of the intersection of Christchurch Avenue and Kilburn High Road, which marks the High Road's northern boundary. The green space of Kilburn Grange Park is located to the east side of Kilburn High Road. The name of Ian Dury 's first band, Kilburn and the High Roads , refers to this road, as does

2058-799: The Civil Division of the Court of Appeal of England and Wales and Head of Civil Justice. In 1988 he was elevated to the House of Lords with a life peerage as Baron Donaldson of Lymington. Peter Imbert , the then deputy head of the Metropolitan Police Anti-Terrorist Branch in 1974, was the police officer who oversaw the arrest and interrogation of the Guildford Four and Maguire Seven. Lord Chief Justice Lane later called this investigation "a sequence of false confessions and police deceits." In late 1975 Imbert led

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2156-576: The Falklands War in 1982, Havers was included in Thatcher's War Cabinet , to which he provided advice on international law and rules of engagement. After Havers retired from the House of Commons in the 1987 UK general election, Thatcher appointed him Lord Chancellor , and he consequently became a life peer as Baron Havers, of St Edmundsbury in the County of Suffolk . At the time, this made him

2254-697: The Flogging Molly song, "Kilburn High Road" and the Shack song, "Kilburn High Road". A landmark in Kilburn High Road is the Grade II* listed Art Deco Gaumont State Cinema, designed by George Coles and opened in 1937. It was the biggest auditorium in Europe at the time, with seating for 4,004 people. For twenty years, the building was run as a bingo hall by Mecca Bingo . In December 2007, it

2352-726: The Good Friday Agreement . Three British police officers—Thomas Style, John Donaldson and Vernon Attwell—were charged with conspiracy to pervert the course of justice, but each was found not guilty. On 9 February 2005, Prime Minister Tony Blair apologised to the families of the 11 people imprisoned for the bombings in Guildford and Woolwich and those related to those who were still alive. He said, in part, "I am very sorry that they were subject to such an ordeal and injustice... they deserve to be completely and publicly exonerated." The Roman Catholic Church awarded Anne Maguire

2450-664: The London & North Western Railway opened Kilburn & Maida Vale station (today's Kilburn High Road railway station ), followed by two stations opened in the Brondesbury area of Kilburn by the Hampstead Junction Railway (1860) and the Metropolitan Railway (1879). Numerous plans were drawn up at the turn of the 20th century to construct an underground railway tunnel under the length of

2548-402: The area. The 2007 Irish-language film Kings has been associated with Kilburn, a number of scenes were filmed there, and is based on Jimmy Murphy 's play, The Kings of the Kilburn High Road . Kilburn has a high degree of socio-economic inequality, as it is home to both large and expensive Victorian houses as well as deprived, often run-down council housing estates. Kilburn High Road

2646-583: The title character demolishes it to gain the public's attention, and Justice League and its director's cut , in which Wonder Woman foils a terrorist bomb plot. In Agatha Christie 's play, Witness for the Prosecution , the murder trial of Leonard Vole is held at the Old Bailey. It is also a central location in The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures and its sequel The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve , where many of

2744-473: The 18th century came to Kilburn when a well of chalybeate waters (water impregnated with iron) was discovered near the Bell Inn in 1714. In an attempt to compete with the nearby Hampstead Well, gardens and a "great room" opened to promote the well, and its waters were promoted in journals of the day as cure for "stomach ailments": Kilburn Wells, near Paddington.—The waters are now in the utmost perfection;

2842-674: The Admiralty William Henry Smith lived in a house to the west of Kilburn High Road. Solomon Barnett developed much of the area in the last decades of the 19th century, naming many of the streets after places in the West Country (e.g. Torbay) or after popular poets of the day (e.g. Tennyson) in honour of his wife. The funeral of Michael Gaughan , an Irish republican and a member of the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) who died from hunger strike in 1974, took place on 8 June 1974. Over 3,000 mourners lined

2940-551: The Bomb Factory , which contained an interview by Patrick Maguire and the BBC's Gavin Esler. In 1989, detectives from Avon and Somerset Constabulary , investigating the handling of the case, found significant pieces of evidence in relation to Surrey Police's handling of the Guildford Four and their statements. Typed notes from Patrick Armstrong's police interviews had been extensively edited. Deletions and additions had been made and

3038-699: The Brittonic settlements now known as Canterbury and St Albans . Under Roman rule , the route was paved. In Anglo-Saxon times the road became known as Watling Street . Kilburn Priory was built on the banks of a stream variously recorded as Cuneburna , Kelebourne and Cyebourne (in the latter source most other places with the phonetic sound / k iː / were rendered in writing Cy such as Cynestone (Kingston)). The stream flowed from Hampstead through this parish then through Paddington – specifically through areas that became " Westbourne ", " Bayswater " and Hyde Park – South Kensington and

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3136-492: The Central Criminal Court. The court was envisaged as that where only criminals accused of crimes committed in the City and Middlesex were tried. However, in 1856, there was public revulsion at complaints sent to police against doctor William Palmer that he was a poisoner and murderer. This led to fears that he could not receive a fair trial in his native Staffordshire . The Central Criminal Court Act 1856

3234-475: The Central Criminal Court." West Kilburn Kilburn is a locality on the boundary of three London Boroughs: Camden , Brent and the City of Westminster . Kilburn High Road railway station lies 3.5 miles (5.6 km) north-west of Charing Cross . Kilburn developed from a linear hamlet that grew up on ancient Watling Street (the modern A5 Road), the hamlet took its name from Kilburn Priory , which

3332-477: The City of London are entitled to sit on the judges' bench during a hearing but do not participate in hearings. Where a ceremonial tradition is followed, a judge, sitting solo, will sit off-centre in case the Lord Mayor should decide to come in, in which case they would take the centre chair. The most senior permanent judge of the Central Criminal Court has the title of Recorder of London , and their deputy has

3430-554: The Edgware Road and Kilburn High Road , including an unusual scheme to build a type of subterranean monorail roller coaster, but these proposals were abandoned. Today, Kilburn is served by London Underground and London Overground from the following stations: Despite its name, Kilburn tube station is actually in Brondesbury Park rather than in Kilburn itself. Kilburn is served by many bus routes that go along

3528-532: The Guildford Four and Maguire Seven, several other people faced charges relating to the bombings, six of whom were charged with murder, but these charges were dropped. In the wake of the scandal, in October 1989 the UK Government appointed Appeal Court Justice Sir John May to undertake a judicial inquiry into the suspect convictions of the Guildford Four and Maguire Seven. The inquiry's findings criticised

3626-479: The Guildford Four's trial not to disclose to the defence a statement supporting Mr Conlon's alibi." The Maguire Seven's convictions were quashed in 1991. Neither the bombings nor the wrongful imprisonment resulted in convictions. The bombings were most likely the work of the Balcombe Street ASU, which claimed responsibility. They were already serving life sentences, but were released under the terms of

3724-519: The Guildford Four, the DPP was found to have suppressed alibi evidence that supported Gerry Conlon's and Paul Hill's claims of innocence. The DPP, for which Havers was acting, was also found to have suppressed confessions by Provisional IRA bombers in the Balcombe Street Gang , claiming responsibility for the Guildford and Woolwich bombings. While it was never directly shown that Havers knew of

3822-592: The Guildford Four. Despite telling the police they were responsible, they were never charged with these offences and the Guildford Four remained in prison for another 12 years. The Guildford Four tried to obtain from the Home Secretary a reference to the Court of Appeal under Section 17 of the Criminal Appeal Act 1968 (later repealed), but were unsuccessful. In 1987, the Home Office issued

3920-528: The High Road. Most routes come south from Cricklewood , and serve various points in central and west London. The Brent & Kilburn Times and the Camden New Journal provide local news in print and online forms. In the 2017 film, The Only Living Boy in New York , Kate Beckinsale's character, Mimi, explains that she moved from Belsize Park to Kilburn because it felt more real. Kilburn

4018-497: The IRA attacks. They were: After their arrest, all four defendants confessed to the bombing under intense police interrogation. These confessions were later retracted but remained the basis of the case against them. They were later alleged to be the result of coercion by the police, ranging from intimidation to torture—including threats against family members—as well as the effects of drug withdrawal . Conlon wrote in his autobiography that

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4116-493: The Maguire Case: The Inquiry into the circumstances surrounding the convictions arising out of the bomb attacks in Guildford and Woolwich in 1974 , which criticised the trial judge, Donaldson, unearthed improprieties in the handling of scientific evidence, declared the convictions unsound, and recommended referral back to the Court of Appeal. The report "strongly criticise[d] the decision by the prosecution at

4214-460: The Old Bailey are open to the public, although they are subject to stringent security procedures. The court originated as the sessions house of the Lord Mayor and Sheriffs of the City of London and of Middlesex . In addition to sessions court, the Old Bailey also held trials, similar to the travelling Courts of Assize held in other parts of England and Wales. The original medieval court

4312-453: The Old Bailey was bombed and severely damaged, but reconstruction work restored most of it in the early 1950s. In 1952, the restored interior of the Grand or Great Hall of the Central Criminal Court was once again open. This hall (underneath the dome) is decorated with paintings commemorating the Blitz, as well as quasi-historical scenes of St Paul's Cathedral with nobles outside. Running around

4410-698: The Provisional IRA. The Maguire Seven were charged with possessing nitroglycerine allegedly passed to the IRA to make bombs after the police raided the West Kilburn house of Anne Maguire (Conlon's aunt) on 3 December 1974. They were tried and convicted on 4 March 1976 and received the following sentences: Giuseppe Conlon had travelled from Belfast to help his son, Gerry Conlon, in the Guildford Four trial. Conlon, who had troubles with his lungs for many years, died in prison in January 1980, while

4508-691: The Recorder is a member of the Common Council because he is also a member of the Court of Aldermen . The city's sheriffs and the Lord Mayor are justices there, but their jurisdiction is now nominal. The sheriffs are resident with the senior judges in the complex. Court 1 has benches set aside for the committee of City Bridge Foundation , the owner of the building. The Old Bailey has been mentioned and featured in numerous fictional works including film, video games and literature. Notable examples include V for Vendetta and its film adaptation , in which

4606-751: The Troubles. He became entangled in the row that erupted around the use of torture in Northern Ireland. Edward Heath , Prime Minister since 1970, had banned sensory deprivation in light of the report by Sir Edmund Compton into internment and interrogation techniques used by the British Army and the Royal Ulster Constabulary . In October 1973, while being questioned at a meeting of the Harvard Law School Forum, Skelhorn did not deny that torture had taken place. On

4704-681: The US detention centre at Guantánamo Bay, Cuba , which subsequently transferred to the West End and to New York City . Reflecting the culturally diverse local community, the Kiln Theatre presents many international pieces and films, often in original language with English subtitles, and hosts or runs social and educational programmes. To the south, the Kilburn skyline is dominated by the Gothic spire of St. Augustine's, Kilburn . Completed in 1880 by

4802-500: The acknowledged efficacy of its waters; is most delightfully situated on the site of the once famous Abbey of Kilburn, on the Edgware Road, at an easy distance, being but a morning's walk, from the metropolis, two miles from Oxford Street; the footway from the Mary-bone across the fields still nearer. A plentiful larder is always provided, together with the best of wines and other liquors. Breakfasting and hot loaves. A printed account of

4900-555: The architect John Loughborough Pearson , the church has an ornate Victorian interior, a carved stone reredos and screen and stained glass, adjacent to its partners, St Augustine's Primary and Secondary Schools . The church is sometimes nicknamed "the Cathedral of North London " due to its size - at the time of construction, it was the third-largest place of worship in London, after St Paul's Cathedral and Westminster Abbey . Located at 10 Cambridge Avenue, just off Kilburn High Road,

4998-575: The architects Donald McMorran and George Whitby, was built to accommodate more modern courts. In 1973, the Belfast Brigade of the Provisional IRA exploded a car bomb in the street outside, killing one and injuring 200 people. A shard of glass is preserved as a reminder, embedded in the wall at the top of the main stairs. The hall (and its floor) was decorated with many busts and statues, chiefly of British monarchs, but also of legal figures, and those who achieved renown by campaigning for improvement in prison conditions from 1700 to 1900. This part of

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5096-405: The area extends into W9; however these do not define the Kilburn – post code areas were never intended to delineate districts and Kilburn (like many London districts) overlaps with others – some which have a history of formal definition (e.g. Willesden, Hampstead) and others which do not (e.g. Brondesbury in Willesden). Kilburn High Road originated as an ancient trackway , part of a route between

5194-403: The building also housed the stenographers' offices until the stenographers were replaced by technology in March 2012. On 7 February 2024, around 1,500 people were forced to evacuate the building following a fire and reports of five separate explosions at the rear of the Central Criminal Court. Defendants on remand were returned to prison and juries were sent home. Until 2017, the court manager

5292-427: The contrary, he stated that "when dealing with "Irish terrorists" any methods were justified." Skelhorn retired as DPP before the publication of the critical report by Lord Devlin published in 1977 recommended statutory prosecution safeguards, on which the then Callaghan Government took no action. British barrister and Conservative politician Sir Michael Havers MP , was selected by DPP Norman Skelhorn to lead both

5390-486: The course of justice in the wake of the inquiry, but found not guilty in 1993. Over 700 documents, including secret testimony, were collected by the inquiry and were due to be unsealed for public access in The National Archives on 1 January 2020, but on 31 December 2019 the Home Office removed all the documents from the National Archive and took them back into government control. The files remain sealed for now. The Guildford Four were charged with direct involvement with

5488-423: The death penalty until 1998 . The usual practice was for judges to be consulted by the Home Secretary when considering release from a life sentence, rather than giving a tariff at trial, but the judge, believing he might be dead by the time they were released, recommended 30 years for Conlon, 35 for Armstrong, and until "great age" for Hill. The Guildford Four did not "fit the bill" of IRA involvement according to

5586-432: The defence. In 2018, the BBC broadcast the documentary A Great British Injustice: The Maguire Story , with the involvement of the Maguire family's surviving members. Many of the key figures in the British legal and criminal justice establishment who were responsible for the wrongful prosecution of the Guildford Four and Maguire Seven, while later facing public criticism, were never formally held accountable for their role in

5684-417: The discovery of the medicinal well in 1714, and the construction of gardens and a fine room to exploit the water, Kilburn did not attract any significant building until around 1819 in the area near St John's Wood . These 19th century developments mark the emergence of the nucleated roadside hamlet from which the modern district of Kilburn developed. Between 1839 and 1856 the newsagent and future First Lord of

5782-447: The east and Brent to the west. It is the section of the Edgware Road (itself part of the A5 ) between Shoot Up Hill and Maida Vale . There are two railway stations on Kilburn High Road: Brondesbury station ( London Overground on the North London Line ). Approximately 1.25 km (nearly a mile) further south is Kilburn High Road station (also London Overground, on the Watford DC Line ). Kilburn Park Underground station , on

5880-413: The east; it was otherwise piped underground and became one of London's underground rivers . The name "Kilburn" was first recorded in 1134 as Cuneburna , referring to the priory which had been built on the site of the cell of a hermit known as Godwyn. Godwyn had built his hermitage by the Kilburn river during the reign (1100-1135) of Henry I , and both his hermitage and the priory took their name from

5978-421: The entire hall are a series of axioms, some of biblical reference. They read: "The law of the wise is a fountain of life" " The welfare of the people is supreme " "Right lives by law and law subsists by power" "Poise the cause in justice's equal scales" "Moses gave unto the people the laws of God" "London shall have all its ancient rights" Between 1968 and 1972, a new South Block, designed by

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6076-404: The evidence the DPP suppressed, many, including Labour MP Chris Mullin, cast doubt on his integrity in the matter in his submission to the May Inquiry into the wrongful convictions. In 1977, Havers became a member of the Privy Council . In 1979, Thatcher reappointed him as Attorney-General for England and Wales and as Attorney General for Northern Ireland . He held both posts until 1987. During

6174-405: The gardens enlarged and greatly improved; the house and offices re-painted and beautified in the most elegant manner. The whole is now open for the reception of the public, the great room being particularly adapted to the use and amusement of the politest companies. Fit either for music, dancing, or entertainments. This happy spot is equally celebrated for its rural situation, extensive prospects, and

6272-506: The level of duplicity meant that all the police evidence was suspect, and the case for the prosecution was unsafe. Lane remarked: We have no doubt that these events make the convictions of all of these four appellants in respect of the Guildford and the Woolwich events unsafe, even though the latest revelations have no direct bearing on the evidence relating to the Woolwich bombing. The Four were released on 19 October 1989, after having their convictions quashed. Hill had also been convicted of

6370-420: The murder of a British soldier, Brian Shaw, based on his confession while in the custody of Surrey Police . This did not fall under the ambit of the Lane appeal, but he was released on bail pending his appeal against this conviction. In 1994, Her Majesty's Court of Appeal in Belfast quashed Hill's conviction for Shaw's murder. On 12 July 1990, the Home Secretary , David Waddington , published Interim Report on

6468-469: The narrow east part of Chelsea into the Thames . The first two names perhaps imply meanings of "King's Bourne" and "Cattle Bourne". The word Bourne is the southern variant of burn (any small "river"), as still commonly used in the technical term, winterbourne - a watercourse which tends to dry up in dry periods. The river is known today as the Westbourne . From the 1850s many of its feeder ditches were diverted into combined sewers feeding away to

6566-495: The notes had been rearranged. The notes and their amendments were consistent with handwritten and typed notes presented at the trial, which suggested that the handwritten notes were made after the interviews had been conducted. The notes presented had been described in court as contemporaneous records. Manuscript notes relating to an interview with Hill showed that Hill's fifth statement was taken in breach of Judges' Rules and may well have been inadmissible as evidence. The information

6664-467: The other six served their sentences and were released. The Guildford Four and the Maguire Seven sought leave to appeal their convictions immediately and were refused, but a growing body of disparate groups pressed for reexamination of the case. In February 1977, during the trial of the Balcombe Street ASU , the four IRA men instructed their lawyers to "draw attention to the fact that four totally innocent people were serving massive sentences", referring to

6762-421: The other wrongfully convicted people faced in the years after their release from prison. Two months after Margaret Thatcher became British Prime Minister in 1979, the trial judge in the Guildford Four case, Lord Justice (John) Donaldson, was made a Lord Justice of Appeal and a Privy Counsellor . In 1982 he was appointed Master of the Rolls, the second-most-senior judicial office in England and Wales as head of

6860-421: The police operation that saw the arrest of the IRA's Balcombe Street ASU, members of which later confessed to being the real bombers in Guildford and Woolwich, a fact Imbert knew. In 1976 Imbert was appointed Assistant Chief Constable, and later Deputy Chief Constable of Surrey Constabulary (the police force that investigated the Guildford pub bombings). In 1979, he became Chief Constable of Thames Valley Police ,

6958-449: The priory in 1536–37, and nothing remains of it today except the name of Abbey Road (in nearby St John's Wood ), named from a track which once led to the priory. The priory lands included a mansion and a hostium (a guesthouse), which may have been the origin of the Red Lion pub, thought to have been founded in 1444. Opposite, the Bell Inn opened around 1600, on the site of the old mansion. The fashion for taking "medicinal waters" in

7056-494: The prosecution of the Guildford Four and the Maguire Seven in 1974, and the Crown's case in opposing the subsequent appeals of both groups in the Court of Appeal . Havers was from a distinguished legal family. His father was High Court judge Sir Cecil Havers , and his sister was Baroness Butler-Sloss who in 1988 became the first woman named to the Court of Appeal and later President of the Family Division . Sir Michael

7154-478: The pub at the time of the bomb, there were few injuries. It was the only loyalist bombing to have occurred in London during the conflict in Northern Ireland. Kilburn has a number of different ethnic groups, including people of Irish , Afro-Caribbean , Indian , Bangladeshi , Pakistani , Eritrean and Ethiopian descent. As the area is split between more than one London borough, statistics are gathered from different parts of Kilburn. The Kilburn ward of Brent

7252-463: The request of the Guildford Four but once the findings of the Somerset and Avon report were available, the hearing was resumed, with the Crown saying it did not wish to support the convictions. The Lord Chief Justice , Lord Lane , concluded that, regardless of the impact of the content of the material Avon and Somerset discovered or the alibis or additional evidence the appellants wished to introduce,

7350-432: The river. Kilburn Priory was a small community of nuns, probably Augustinian canonesses . It was founded in 1134 at the Kilburn river crossing on Watling Street (the modern-day junction of Kilburn High Road and Belsize Road ). Kilburn Priory's position on Watling Street meant that it became a popular resting point for pilgrims heading for the shrines at St Albans and Willesden . Henry VIII 's administration dissolved

7448-414: The route of the ancient wall around the City of London , which was part of the fortification's bailey , hence the metonymic name. The court has been housed in a succession of buildings on the street since the sixteenth century, when it was attached to the medieval Newgate Prison . The current main building block was completed in 1902, designed by Edward William Mountford ; its monumental architecture

7546-401: The scandal. In 2013, in what is believed to be the final media interview he gave before his premature death in 2014, Gerry Conlon told Italian documentary maker and photographer Lorenzo Moscia that every key British figure involved in his wrongful conviction had subsequently been promoted and reached the top of their respective profession. He contrasted this with the struggles and hardships he and

7644-708: The streets of Kilburn and marched behind his coffin - which was flanked by an IRA "honour guard" - to a Requiem Mass held in the Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The Biddy Mulligan's pub on High Road, which was popular among the local Irish population, was bombed in retaliation on 21 December 1975 by the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), an Ulster loyalist group during the Troubles of Northern Ireland . Although there were 90 people in

7742-566: The title of Common Serjeant of London . The position of "Recorder of London" is distinct from that of a recorder , which is a part-time judicial office, holders of which sit part-time as judges of the Crown Court or County Court. The recent Recorders of London have been: The court house originated as part of the City of London 's borough judicial system, and it remains so. The Recorder and the Common Serjeant are city officers, and

7840-435: The trial judge, Lord Donaldson of Lymington . It unearthed improprieties in the handling of scientific evidence that were relevant to the other cases and declared the convictions unsound and recommended referral back to the Court of Appeal, but no action was taken. No one else has been charged with the Guildford and Woolwich bombings, or with supplying the material. Three police officers were charged with conspiracy to pervert

7938-513: The trials in the games' plot take place. Rumpole of the Bailey is a British television series created and written by the British writer and barrister John Mortimer , in which Horace Rumpole, an elderly London barrister, defends a broad variety of clients, often underdogs. In The Pirates of Penzance , upon defeating the police, the pirates declare that "No pirate band will take its stand / At

8036-565: The walk itself. Large, rowdy crowds sometimes gathered and pelted the condemned with rotten fruit and vegetables and stones. Some sources claim that, after 28 people were crushed to death when a pie-seller's stall overturned, a tunnel was made between the prison and St Sepulchre's church opposite the crossroads, to allow the chaplain to minister to the condemned without having to force his way through crowds; but there are no known primary sources or photographic evidence that indicate that it actually existed. The present building dates from 1902 and

8134-523: The waters, as drawn up by an eminent physician, is given gratis at the Wells. In the 19th century the wells declined, but the Kilburn Wells remained popular as a tea garden . The Bell was demolished and rebuilt in 1863, the building which stands there today. The Kilburn stretch of Watling Street, now called Edgware Road and Kilburn High Road, was gradually built up with inns and farm houses. Despite

8232-405: The way they lived. Paddy Armstrong and Carole Richardson, an Englishwoman, lived in a squat and were involved with drugs and petty crime. Conlon asserted at several points in his autobiography that the IRA would not have taken him due to his record for shoplifting and other petty crimes, and that he had been expelled from Fianna Éireann , an Irish republican youth organisation with strong ties to

8330-437: The work of the architect Frank J Potter . The building, noted for its unaltered 1920s interiors and faience tile exterior, was being considered by Historic England for Grade II listing when it was unexpectedly demolished in March 2015 by the property developer CLTX Ltd to make way for a new block of flats. The pub was subsequently rebuilt and re-opened following a community campaign and planning appeals. 205 High Road

8428-570: The youngest Chief Constable in the country at that time. He returned to the Metropolitan Police as Assistant Commissioner in 1985, and in 1987 he was appointed Commissioner of the Met (the seniormost police force position in the UK) by then Conservative Home Secretary Douglas Hurd. Imbert retired from the police in 1992 and in was appointed Lord Lieutenant of Greater London from 1998 until 2008. He

8526-625: Was 28% White British, 17% White Other, and 12% Black African in the 2011 census. The Kilburn ward of Camden was 35% White British and 19% White Other. The Maida Vale ward of Westminster was 38% White British and 22% White Other. 4.7% of the population was born in Ireland with an even higher percentage of second-generation (born in England of Irish descent) people, giving it the highest Irish population of any London area. Irish community activities, pubs, local GAA sports clubs, and annual St Patrick's Day celebrations are prominent in parts of

8624-615: Was appointed to the House of Lords as a life peer as Baron Imbert, of New Romney in the County of Kent in 1999, sitting as a crossbencher. Sir Norman Skelhorn was the Director of Public Prosecutions in England and Wales in 1974 oversaw the Crown's prosecution of Guildford Four and Maguire Seven, as well as the prosecution of the Birmingham Six. Skelhorn had a chequered history in relation to prosecution of terrorist offences related to

8722-445: Was built on the banks of Kilburn Brook. Watling Street forms the contemporary boundary between the boroughs of Brent and Camden. The area has London's highest Irish population, as well as a sizable Afro-Caribbean population, and was once home to the black civil rights leader Billy Strachan . Kilburn has never been an administrative unit and has therefore never had any formally defined boundaries. The area, which took its name from

8820-679: Was home to the Irish pub Biddy Mulligan's . It was built in 1862 as was originally known as The Victoria Tavern . It was renamed in the 1970s, with the name Biddy Mulligan taken from a character of Irish comedian Jimmy O'Dea , a character dressed as a female street seller in Dublin from the 1930s onwards. The pub was bombed on 21 December 1975 by the Ulster Defence Association (UDA), an Ulster loyalist group that fought against Irish republicans in Northern Ireland ( The Troubles ). The pub

8918-609: Was known by the title of the Secondary of the City of London , an ancient title of a City officer. His Majesty's Courts and Tribunals Service manages the courts and administers the trials but the building itself is owned by the City of London Corporation , which finances the maintenance and running of the building and the staff costs out of their own resources. All judges sitting in the Old Bailey are addressed as " My Lord " or "My Lady", whether they are High Court , circuit judges or recorders . The Lord Mayor and aldermen of

9016-418: Was later renamed as Biddy's , before briefly turning into an Australian sports bar called Southern K , and then closing in 2009 to make way for a new Ladbrokes branch. Kilburn High Road is served by several railway lines which traverse the road in an east–west direction, connecting the area with central London and outer north-west London suburbs. The railways were first introduced to Kilburn in 1852 when

9114-598: Was not made available to the DPP or the prosecution and the officers involved had denied under oath that such an interview had happened. Detention records were inconsistent with the times and durations of the claimed interviews, as reported by the Surrey police. An appeal was already under way on the basis of other evidence. Lord Gifford represented Paul Hill, and others were represented by human rights solicitor Gareth Peirce . The appeal hearing had been adjourned to January 1990 at

9212-583: Was officially opened by King Edward VII on 27 February 1907. It was designed by E. W. Mountford and co-occupies the site of the demolished prison. Above the main entrance is inscribed the admonition: "Defend the Children of the Poor & Punish the Wrongdoer". On the dome above the court stands the court's symbolic gilt bronze statue of Lady Justice by sculptor F. W. Pomeroy (made 1905–1906). She holds

9310-409: Was passed to enable his trial, and others with a public profile, to be held at the Old Bailey. In London cant it was called The Gate , an abbreviation of Newgate. The Old Bailey adjoined Newgate Prison until the jail's 1902 closure. Hangings were a public spectacle in the street outside until May 1868. The condemned would be led along Dead Man's Walk between the buildings, and many were buried in

9408-580: Was purchased by Ruach City Church. The Kiln Theatre is located on Kilburn High Road north of Buckley Road. It was opened in 1980 as the Tricycle Theatre in a converted Foresters' Hall, and was renamed the Kiln in April 2018. The Kiln now includes a gallery and cinema as well as the theatre. It has a reputation for political dramas including dramatisations of significant court cases and a play about

9506-483: Was re-fronted in 1734, so as to enclose the court and reduce the influence of spectators: this led to outbreaks of typhus , notably in 1750 when 60 people died, including the Lord Mayor and two judges. It was rebuilt again in 1774 and a second courtroom was added in 1824. Over 100,000 criminal trials were carried out at the Old Bailey between 1674 and 1834. In 1834, it was renamed from the Assize Court for London to

9604-472: Was the father of the well-known English actor Nigel Havers . Havers was elected to the House of Commons in 1970 as Conservative MP for Wimbledon (a seat he held until 1987). He served as Solicitor General for England and Wales under Prime Minister Edward Heath from 1972 to 1974. By October 1974, with the Conservatives in opposition, Havers acted for the DPP in both prosecutions. In the case of

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