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63-501: When the Shivsena - BJP alliance came to power in 1995, it proposed to institute this award. The Maharashtra Bhushan was first awarded in 1996. It was initially conferred in every years in the fields of Literature , Art , Sport , and Science . Later the fields of Social Work , Journalism , and Public Administration and Health Services were included. The award is presented for outstanding achievement in their field. At present,

126-561: A " moral police " and opposed Valentine's Day celebrations. On 14 February 2006, Bal Thackeray condemned and apologised for the violent attacks by its Shiv Sainiks on a private celebration in Mumbai. "It is said that women were beaten up in the Nallasopara incident. If that really happened, then it is a symbol of cowardice. I have always instructed Shiv Sainiks that in any situation women should not be humiliated and harassed." Thackeray and

189-673: A "sad spectacle" by Supreme Court of India , and draw criticism from Political Observers. Uddhav Thackeray resigned from the post as chief minister well as a MLC member ahead of no-confidence motion on 29 June 2022. Shinde subsequently formed a new coalition with the BJP, and was sworn in as the Chief Minister on 30 June 2022. Uddhav Thackeray filed a lawsuit with the Supreme Court of India claiming that Eknath Shinde and his group's actions meant that they were disqualified under

252-556: A 21-year-old woman who posted a Facebook comment against him, as well as her friend who "liked" the comment. Shiv Sena members, who took it as an insult, vandalised the clinic owned by the woman's relative. The charges were subsequently dropped, and the Government of Maharashtra was ordered to pay compensation of Rs 50,000 to each victim after the National Human Rights Commission noted that the detention

315-434: A ban on a scheduled concert by Pakistani classic singer Ghulam Ali . The move was adopted to appease anti-Pakistan constituents to vote for Sena in coming elections. However, in 2015 Pakistan urged the international community to take note of the activities of Shiv Sena, while Shiv Sena claimed that criticism of Shiv Sena by Pakistan vindicates "our patriotism". On 19 October 2015, Shiv Sena activists attacked and vandalised

378-504: A bias in the TAT psychological personality test. Through cross-examinations, the TAT exhibits a tendency toward chauvinistic stimuli for its questions and has the "potential for unfavorable clinical evaluation" for women. An often cited study done in 1976 by Sherwyn Woods, "Some Dynamics of Male Chauvinism", attempts to find the underlying causes of male chauvinism. Male chauvinism was studied in

441-563: A command and control centre of the party in Bal–Uddhava's regime. Following is the list of the chief ministers of Maharashtra from Shiv Sena. The Sena says it has played a central role in the emancipation of 500,000 slum dwellers in the Dharavi area of Mumbai, the largest slum in Asia. However, the policy of giving free houses to slum dwellers has been controversial since it was introduced by

504-511: A day". Shiv Sena organized a blood donation camp which collected over 24,000 bottles of blood in a single day. Later this world record was broken by a blood donation camp of HDFC Bank in 2014. In 2015 Shiv Sena announced 10,000 rupees help to each drought-affected farmer of Marathwada region, while they also announced 2 lakh rupees "reward" to Hindus family who had 5 children between 2010 and 2015 in Uttar Pradesh . As per Shiv Sena,

567-482: A fervent faith in national excellence and glory. In American English, the word has also come to be used in some quarters as shorthand for male chauvinism , a trend reflected in Merriam-Webster's Dictionary , which, as of 2018, began its first example of use of the term chauvinism with "an attitude of superiority toward members of the opposite sex". According to legend, French soldier Nicolas Chauvin

630-442: A national mission. As long as this concept did not develop into the ideology of chauvinism and remained in the rather vague realm of national or even nationalistic pride, it frequently resulted in a high sense of responsibility for the welfare of backward people. In this sense, chauvinism is irrational, in that no one can claim their nation or ethnic group to be inherently superior to another. A historical example of chauvinism from

693-440: A network of grassroots organizations, known as " Shiv Sena Shakhas " ( transl.  Branch ). The Shakhas serve as the primary unit of the party, with each Shakha consisting of 25-50 members. The Shakhas were responsible for carrying out the party's activities at the grassroots level, such as mobilizing voters during elections, organizing protests and rallies, and engaging in community service activities. In addition to

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756-498: A pan-Indian base. In the 1970s, it gradually moved from advocating a pro-Marathi ideology to supporting a broader Hindu nationalist agenda, and aligned itself with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). Shiv Sena took part in Mumbai ( BMC ) municipal elections for its entire existence. In 1989, it entered into an alliance with the BJP for Lok Sabha as well as Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections. The alliance in

819-403: A reason for male chauvinism is masculinity itself: For the vast majority of people all over the world, the mother is a primary carer...There's an asymmetry in the development of boys and girls. Infant boys have to learn how to be masculine. Girls don't. Masculinity is not in a state of crisis. Masculinity is a crisis. I don't believe misogyny is innate, but I believe it's inescapable because of

882-504: Is Brahmins , Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu and Pathare Prabhus - Thackerey, Manohar Joshi , Sudhir Joshi , Balwant Mantri, Hemchandra Gupte, Shyam Deshmukh, Madhav Deshpande, Datta Pradhan, Vijay Parvatkar, Madhukar Sarpotdar and Pramod Navalkar . One of the above-mentioned leaders, Hemchandra Gupte, who was Mayor of Bombay in the early 70s and was the former family physician and confidant of Thackeray, quit Shivsena citing flaws such as importance given to money, violence committed by

945-689: Is against both Indian culture and the law of the land (under section 294 of the Indian Penal Code), though according to the Supreme Court and the Delhi High Court, kissing in public is not a criminal offence. Police took many of the Kiss of Love protestors into custody to save their lives, but were blamed for giving a free hand to counter protestors of the right wing groups. In October 2015, Shiv Sena issued threats which enforced

1008-455: Is in the 1935 Clifford Odets play Till the Day I Die . The balance of the workforce changed during World War II . As men entered or were conscripted into the military to fight in the war, women started replacing them. After the war ended, men returned home to find jobs in the workplace now occupied by women, which "threatened the self-esteem many men derive from their dominance over women in

1071-581: The 1970 communal violence in Bhiwandi , the 1984 Bhiwandi riot , and violence in the 1992–1993 Bombay riots . After the Independence of India in 1947, regional administrative divisions from the colonial era were gradually changed and states following linguistic borders were created. Within the Bombay Presidency , a massive popular struggle was launched for the creation of a state for

1134-587: The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) and Shiv Sena candidates fought on BJP's lotus symbol. The party began a coalition with the BJP for seats in the Lok Sabha and the Maharashtra Assembly from 1989. The two formed a government in Maharashtra between 1995 and 1999. The Sena was the opposition party in the state along with the BJP from 1999 to 2014. However, the 25 year alliance with the BJP

1197-475: The Konkan coastal areas. However, in the 2004 Lok Sabha elections the result was reversed. The Shiv Sena made inroads in the interior parts of the state, while suffering losses in Mumbai. In July 2005, Former Maharashtra Chief Minister and Sena leader Narayan Rane was expelled from the party, which sparked internal conflict in the party. In December the same year Raj Thackeray , Bal Thackeray's nephew, left

1260-693: The Shakhas , the party has various other organizational structures, including the Yuva Sena , ( transl.  Youth Army ) party's youth wing, and the Mahila Aghadi , the party's women's wing. The Shiv Sena is also affiliated with the Sthaniya Lokadhikar Samiti , which advocates for the preservation of employment rights for Maharashtrians in Maharashtra. Prior to the rebellion by its prominent leader Eknath Shinde in 2022,

1323-468: The Shivsainiks ( transl.  Soldiers ) and Bal Thackeray's support to then prime minister Indira Gandhi during the 1975 emergency . There were also leaders from other castes such as Dattaji Salvi , Dattaji Nalawade and Wamanrao Mahadik , and those from the so-called lower castes such as Chaggan Bhujbal , Leeladhar Dake , Bhai Shingre and Vijay Gaonkar. Over the years, other than

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1386-504: The anti-defection law , with Eknath Shinde claiming that he has not defected, but rather represents the true Shiv Sena party. The case is currently being heard by Supreme Court of India . The parties split into two factions: Balasahebanchi Shiv Sena led by Shinde and Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) led by Thackeray. Shinde subsequently filed a petition with the Election Commission of India staking his claim to

1449-442: The psychoanalytic therapy of 11 men. It refers to the maintenance of fixed beliefs and attitudes of male superiority, associated with overt or covert depreciation of women. Challenging chauvinist attitudes often results in anxiety or other symptoms. It is frequently not investigated in psychotherapy because it is ego-syntonic, parallels cultural attitudes, and because therapists often share similar bias or neurotic conflict. Chauvinism

1512-732: The "bow and arrow" symbol. Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister Vasantrao Naik who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the Congress . The organisation at the same time carried out pro- Marathi nativist movement in Mumbai in which it agitated for preferential treatment for the Marathi people over migrants from other parts of India. Although Shiv Sena's primary base always remained in Maharashtra , it tried to expand to

1575-597: The 'Shiv Sena' name and the Bow and Arrow symbol. The ECI ruled in favour of Shinde's faction based on the strength of its legislative wing, rather than on the organizational wing. Thackeray appealed against the decision, and the case is currently pending in the Supreme Court. The Shiv Sena (SS) was led by a president, traditionally referred to as the " Shiv Sena Pramukh ", ( transl.  Chief ) which translates to "Shiv Sena Chief" in English. Bal Thackeray served as

1638-566: The Bal Thackeray, there have been twelve senior leaders in the party, out of these, eight have been from upper caste (four were Brahmins , two Chandraseniya Kayastha Prabhu and two Pathare Prabhus ). Others have been either Maratha ( Dattaji Salvi ), Shimpi ( Wamanrao Mahadik ), Agri ( Leeladhar Dake ) or Mali ( Chaggan Bhujbal ). In fact, Bhujbal quit the party accusing the party is biased towards upper caste people. The number of Dalits were also not insignificant and even after

1701-576: The Emergency in 1975 and supported the Congress in the 1977 general election . In 1980 Maharashtra Assembly election , the party did not contest from any seat however it campaigned for the Congress. The Sena started placing more weight on the Hindutva ideology in the 1970s as the 'sons of the soil' cause was weakening. In the 1984 general election , Shiv Sena formed its first alliance with

1764-552: The Marathi-speaking people. In 1960, the presidency was divided into two linguistic states: Gujarat and Maharashtra . Moreover, Marathi-speaking areas of the erstwhile Hyderabad state were joined with Maharashtra. Bombay, in many ways the economic capital of India, became the state capital of Maharashtra. On one hand, people belonging to the Gujarati community owned the majority of the industry and trade enterprises in

1827-516: The Sena opposed the reservations proposed by the Mandal commission , there was no dent in the percentage of Other Backward Class in the party. In this way, the Sena was successful in uniting all Maharashtrians irrespective of caste under the common "Marathi umbrella". The agenda of preferential treatment for the "sons of the soil" that is Maharashtrians brought them all together. Shiv Sena's strength in

1890-489: The Shiv Sena remained opposed to it, although they indicated support for an "Indian alternative". On 20 November 2009, Shiv Sena activists attacked and vandalised the offices of Hindi and Marathi language TV news channels IBN7 and IBN-Lokmat , located in Mumbai and Pune respectively. The Shivsainik slapped IBN7's senior editor Ravindra Ambekar and then attacked IBN-Lokmat's editor Nikhil Wagle. Shiv Sena attributed

1953-496: The South Indian communities, vandalizing South Indian restaurants and pressuring employers to hire Marathis. Initially apolitical, the organisation was patronised by the then Chief Minister Vasantrao Naik who used it for curbing trade unions and maintain stranglehold of the Congress. Because of its close association with Vasantrao, the organisation was also referred to as "Vasant Sena". The Shiv Sena declared support to

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2016-509: The attacks to the criticisms of Bal Thackeray by the news channel over his remarks on Sachin Tendulkar . Shiv Sena's Rajya Sabha MP Sanjay Raut described the attacks as "spontaneous". Shiv Sena spokespersons tried to justify the attacks and refused to apologize for their acts of violence. On 18 November 2012, following the death of founder Bal Thackeray , Mumbai Police , under the pressure of Shiv Sena workers and activists, arrested

2079-536: The award carries a cash prize of ₹ 25 lakhs , a memento and citation. The winners are selected by a committee appointed of the Government of Maharashtra . The recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan award are as follows [REDACTED] [REDACTED] Shiv Sena (1966%E2%80%932022) Shiv Sena (1966–2022) ( Śhiva Sēnā ; lit.   ' Army of Shivaji ' ; abbr. SS )

2142-556: The century following Chauvin was the German-Jewish poet Ernst Lissauer , whose extreme nationalism after the outbreak of World War 1 included writing the "Hymn of Hate against England" ( "Haßgesang gegen England" ) in 1915. As David Aberbach remarks, "There is nothing in modern Hebrew literature, however devoted to the cause of Jewish sovereignty, remotely comparable to the super-chauvinistic Hassgesang ('Hate Song for England')..." Despite chauvinism's irrational roots, at

2205-581: The city. On the other hand, there was a steady flow of South Indian migrants to the city who came to take many white-collar jobs. In 1960, Bal Thackeray , a Mumbai-based cartoonist, began publishing the satirical cartoon weekly Marmik . Through this publication, he started disseminating anti-migrant sentiments. On 19 June 1966, Thackeray founded the Shiv Sena as a political organisation. The Shiv Sena attracted many unemployed Marathi youth, who were attracted by Thackeray's charged anti-migrant oratory. Shiv Sena cadres became involved in various attacks against

2268-713: The cricket pitch of the Agra Sport Stadium which was supposed to host the cricket match between Pakistan and India. In April 2005, Bharatiya Vidyarthi Sena, the student wing of Shiv Sena, attempted to prevent the India-Pakistan One-day international match being held in New Delhi. The protester's spokesman demanded: India should not play cricket with Pakistan till it hands over to India 20 terrorists, including Dawood Ibrahim , and closes down militant training camps running there. The Sena acted as

2331-571: The family, the economy, and society at large." Consequently, male chauvinism was on the rise, according to Cynthia B. Lloyd. Lloyd and Michael Korda have argued that as they integrated back into the workforce, men returned to predominate, holding positions of power while women worked as their secretaries, usually typing dictations and answering telephone calls. This division of labor was understood and expected, and women typically felt unable to challenge their position or male superiors, argue Korda and Lloyd. Chauvinist assumptions are seen by some as

2394-406: The first Shiv Sena Pramukh and took all major decisions while the activists and members of the Shiv Sena, known as Shiv Sainiks , ( transl.  Soldiers ) carried out most of the party's grassroots work. During his last days, the day-to-day activities of the party were handled by his youngest son Uddhav Thackeray, who succeeded him as party leader after his death in 2012. Shiv Sena formed

2457-403: The first time ever, Thackeray family directly participated in election when Aditya contested for a seat of MLA in 2019. Later, his father debuted in direct politics and became chief minister of the state. Aditya was the tourism minister his father's cabinet . People of various Maharashtrian castes worked together in the Sena. The party's leaders mostly came from the so-called "high castes" that

2520-454: The ideology of Marathi regionalism under the leadership of Bal Thackeray . However, the party shifted towards ultranationalism and right-wing populism over time, which helped them form an alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) . When Uddhav Thackeray became the party leader, he gradually shifted towards composite nationalism and formed an alliance with the Congress and Nationalist Congress Party (NCP). This shift in ideology

2583-734: The late 1980s and early '90s mainly came from the support of the Maratha caste - which it drew away from the Congress. Citing the large percentage of MLAs elected from Shiv Sena belonging to the Maratha caste, Vora from the University of Pune concludes that the Shiv Sena has been emerging as a "Maratha Party". Shivsena Bhavan ( transl.  House ), was the central office of the Shiv Sena, located in Ram Ganesh Gadkari Chowk and Shivaji Park in Dadar , Mumbai . It

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2646-648: The latter was temporarily broken in the 2014 elections due to seat sharing adjustment, although it was quickly reformed. Shiv Sena was one of the founding members of the BJP-led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) in 1998, and it also participated in Vajpayee Government from 1998 to 2004 and the Narendra Modi Government from 2014 to 2019. After 2019 Maharashtra Legislative Assembly election ,

2709-514: The meaning of chauvinism strictly in its original sense; that is, an attitude of belligerent nationalism. In 1945, political theorist Hannah Arendt described the concept thus: Chauvinism is an almost natural product of the national concept in so far as it springs directly from the old idea of the "national mission". ... [A] nation's mission might be interpreted precisely as bringing its light to other, less fortunate peoples that, for whatever reason, have miraculously been left by history without

2772-469: The office of BCCI to stop a meeting between PCB and BCCI officials. The activists shouted anti-Pakistan slogans and held posters that read 'Shahryar Khan go back', determined to stop Manohar from meeting his Pakistani counterpart. Shiv Sena has also threatened to stop Pakistan's Aleem Dar from officiating in the fifth and final ODI between India and South Africa. On 23 March 2017, while travelling to Delhi from Pune , Shiv Sena leader Ravindra Gaikwad

2835-516: The opportunity of the war to demonstrate their patriotism, Lissauer was an extremist, and in contrast many other German Jews disagreed with Lissauer and the way that mainstream opinion had shifted. The Christianity-centric imagery used to document the Kriegserlebnis by authors such as Walter Flex alienated Jewish soldiers. Whereas Lissauer attempted to sign up as a soldier (but was rejected as unfit) as soon as war broke out, then penned

2898-671: The party left the alliance after disagreements with BJP over the CM post. Under Uddhav Thackeray , Shiva Sena formed an alliance with its historic rivals, the Indian National Congress and Nationalist Congress Party Following the 2022 Maharashtra political crisis , the party split. The party once had a powerful hold over the Hindi film industry . It has been accused of being an " extremist ", " chauvinist " , or " fascist " party. Shiv Sena has been allegedly involved in

2961-424: The party was in hand of Thackeray family , thus most of the important positions was hold by Bal Thackeray's son and grandson that is Uddhav and Aditya Thackeray respectively. Opposition parties frequently alleged Shiva Sena as a dynastic political party. Bal Thackeray never remained on any elected political position but he never vacated the position of Shiva Sena supremo and ruled as a Godfather or king maker. For

3024-552: The party. Raj Thackeray later founded a separate party, Maharashtra Navnirman Sena (MNS). Although the MNS is a break-away group from the Shiv Sena, the party is still based in Bhumiputra ideology. When unveiling the party in an assembly at Shivaji Park he said, everyone is anxious to see what will happen to Hindutva and, "I shall elaborate on the party's stance on issues like Hindutva, its agenda for development of Maharashtra and

3087-476: The poem, and in the words of Stefan Zweig considered everything published by the German newspapers and army to be "gospel truth" and Edward Grey to be "the worst criminal". The last lines of the poem read: We love as one, we hate as one, We have one foe and one alone — ENGLAND! Male chauvinism is the belief that men are superior to women . The first documented use of the phrase "male chauvinism"

3150-687: The reason behind the "reward" was "decline in growth rate of Hindu population compared to Muslim population as per recent census". In January 2016, the Shiv Sena demanded that the words "secular" and "socialist" be "permanently removed" from the Constitution's Preamble which were added in the 42nd amendment during the emergency . In April 2019, party member Sanjay Raut called for the burqa to be banned. The Shiv Sena has been involved in several controversies, ranging from hooliganism, criminal activities, spreading religious bigotry, and moral policing. In December 2003, Shiv Sena activists damaged

3213-495: The significance of the party flag colours at the 19 March public meeting." Bal Thackeray's son Uddhav Thackeray became the party's leader in 2004, although Bal Thackeray continued to be an important figurehead. After the death of Bal Thackeray on 17 November 2012, Uddhav became the leader of the party but refused to take the title " Shiv Sena Pramukh " (Eng : Shiv Sena Supremo). The Shiv Sena party's ideology has undergone changes since its formation. Initially, it started with

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3276-854: The then Shiv Sena-BJP government. In the 1970s, Shiv Sena was opposed to the Namantar Andolan , a Dalit -led movement to change the name of Marathwada University in Aurangabad to "Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar University", and supported views of conservative Marathas. In 1996, Shiv Sena organised the first and only live concert of American pop icon Michael Jackson in India to raise the funds for its business wing and to help create over two-hundred seventy thousand jobs for people of Maharashtra . Shiv Sena got an entry in Guinness Book of World Records in 2010 for "collecting maximum blood in

3339-506: The time, it was explicitly seen as almost obligatory for any German patriot. As Walter Rarthenau commented just prior to the outbreak of the war, "Whoever loves his Fatherland may and should be something of a chauvinist." Lissauer's poem was exceedingly popular, to the extent that it was praised by the Kaiser himself, and Lissauer's slogan " Gott strafe England ! " was used as a daily greeting. However, whilst some German Jews did take

3402-504: The use of the term. Chauvinism has extended from its original use to include fanatical devotion and undue partiality to any group or cause to which one belongs, especially when such partisanship includes prejudice against or hostility toward outsiders or rival groups and persists even in the face of overwhelming opposition. This French quality finds its parallel in the English-language term jingoism , which has retained

3465-556: Was a right-wing Marathi regionalist Hindutva -based political party in India founded in 1966 by Bal Thackeray , who was later succeeded by Uddhav Thackeray . The party is split into two parties: the Uddhav Thackeray-led Shiv Sena (Uddhav Balasaheb Thackeray) which has a new symbol of Mashaal (Torch) and Eknath Shinde-led Shiv Sena (2022–present) which has gotten hold of the original party name and

3528-411: Was a significant departure from Shiv Sena's traditional stance, as the party had been historically opposed to the Congress and NCP for the majority of its existence. In late June 2022, Eknath Shinde , a senior Shiv Sena leader, and the majority of MLAs from Shiv Sena joined hands with the BJP. Governor Bhagat Singh Koshyari called for a trust vote, an action that would later on be described as

3591-399: Was accused of thrashing Air India staff with his shoe, when they tried to make him disembark the plane, after being denied a business class seat because the flight was all-economy. The Delhi Police had charged him with hitting government staff on duty, as well as taking the plane ransom without departing from the plane. The incident led to the creation of No-Fly List in India, and Gaikwad

3654-535: Was badly wounded in the Napoleonic Wars and received a meager pension for his injuries. After Napoleon abdicated, Chauvin maintained his fanatical Bonapartist belief in the messianic mission of Imperial France , despite the unpopularity of this view under the Bourbon Restoration . His single-minded devotion to his cause, despite neglect by his faction and harassment by its enemies, started

3717-540: Was first inaugurated on 19 June 1977, and refurbished and re-inaugurated on 27 July 2006. It has a Copper Statue of Shivaji Maharaj and a large Poster of Bal Thackeray . In the 1993 Bombay bombings , terrorists planted a powerful bomb in Shivsena Bhavan; it exploded and the building received damage. Matoshri , the house of Bal Thackeray and Uddhav Thackeray was an important building in this party. Many high-profile meetings usually held in it. It worked as

3780-455: Was found to represent an attempt to ward off anxiety and shame arising from one or more of four prime sources: unresolved infantile strivings and regressive wishes, hostile envy of women, oedipal anxiety, and power and dependency conflicts related to masculine self-esteem . Mothers were more important than fathers in the development of male chauvinism, and resolution was sometimes associated with decompensation in wives. Adam Jukes argues that

3843-452: Was illegal and violated rights to freedom of speech and expression. On 2 November 2014, during the Kiss of Love protest against moral policing, members of Shiv Sena, Bajrang Dal , Vishwa Hindu Parishad and many other right wing groups opposed and attacked protestors and threatened to strip protestors for kissing on the streets. These opposing groups claimed that public display of affection

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3906-453: Was the first person to be put on the list. Chauvinism Chauvinism ( / ˈ ʃ oʊ v ɪ n ɪ z ə m / SHOH -vih-nih-zəm ) is the unreasonable belief in the superiority or dominance of one's own group or people, who are seen as strong and virtuous, while others are considered weak, unworthy, or inferior. The Encyclopaedia Britannica describes it as a form of "excessive and unreasonable" patriotism and nationalism ,

3969-532: Was threatened in 2014 Maharashtra Assembly elections over seat sharing and both contested the election independently. With the BJP becoming the largest party following the 2014 election, Sena declared opposition. However, after negotiations, Sena agreed to join the government in Maharashtra. The Shiv Sena-BJP combine governs the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation . Traditionally the main strongholds of Shiv Sena have been Mumbai and

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