126-720: Mahim ( Marathi : माहिम , pronounced [maːˈɦiːm] ) is a neighbourhood in Mumbai , Maharashtra , India. The Mahim Junction railway station on the Western Railway and Harbour Railway of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network is the last station of the city , as neighboring Bandra comes in Mumbai Suburb . Mahim is an ethnically and religiously diverse town and has a Hindu temple , church, mosque and Parsi fire-temple existing within
252-483: A retroflex lateral flap ळ ( ḷa ) and alveolar ल ( la ). It shares this feature with Punjabi . For instance, कुळ ( kuḷa ) for the Sanskrit कुलम् ( kulam , 'clan') and कमळ ( kamaḷ ) for Sanskrit कमलम् ( kamalam 'lotus'). Marathi got ळ possibly due to long contact from Dravidian languages; there are some ḷ words loaned from Kannada like ṭhaḷak from taḷaku but most of
378-566: A "scheduled language". The Government of Maharashtra has applied to the Ministry of Culture to grant classical language status to Marathi language, which was approved by the Government of India on 3 October 2024. The contemporary grammatical rules described by Maharashtra Sahitya Parishad and endorsed by the Government of Maharashtra are supposed to take precedence in standard written Marathi. Traditions of Marathi Linguistics and
504-564: A bomb there which exploded. The town is also in close proximity to the remarkable Maharashtra Nature Park. This park has been created out of a garbage dump, and houses a bird sanctuary. It houses 12,500 varieties of plants and several rare birds including flamingos. Mahim Fort , which was once visible from the Mahim Causeway and Bandra Reclamation , is barely visible now. The Mahim Fort along with Fort St George in South Mumbai
630-672: A cult classic, one of the highest-grossing Marathi films of the era. Despite the success of these films, it was Shwaas that truly put Marathi cinema on the national map. Winning the Golden Lotus National Award and becoming India’s official entry for the Academy Awards , it marked a turning point and symbolized the industry’s potential for global recognition. It won the President's Medal for best film, beating Bollywood's prolific output with quality. Shwaas
756-491: A few meters of each other. The town has a large Rich and Upper Middle class Marathi population. The name Mahim is derived from the ancient Mahikavati meaning "miraculous" in Sanskrit . Other historical names for the area include Mahimawati, Maijim , and Mejambu . Mahim was one of the seven islands that originally made up Mumbai . Mahim, or Mahikavati as it was known, was the capital of Raja Bhimdev , who reigned over
882-639: A grant by the Hoysalas . These inscriptions suggest that Prakrit was a standard written language by the 12th century. However, after the Gaha Sattasai there is no record of any literature produced in Marathi until the late 13th century. After 1187 CE, the use of Marathi grew substantially in the inscriptions of the Yadava kings, who earlier used Kannada and Sanskrit in their inscriptions. Marathi became
1008-421: A man's frustration with city life and his ability to hear women's thoughts. Saatchya Aat Gharat (2004) tackled the serious issue of sexual assault, and Dombivli Fast (2005) followed a middle-class man’s fight against corruption and injustice. Uttarayan (2004) told a touching story of elderly love, Jatra: Hyalagaad Re Tyalagaad (2006) revitalized the comedy genre, and Saade Maade Teen (2007) became
1134-804: A new direction to Marathi films. Noteworthy films such as Natarang (2010), Shikshanachya Aaicha Gho (2010), Kaksparsh (2012), Duniyadari (2013), Lai Bhaari (2014), Timepass (2014), Katyar Kaljat Ghusali (2015), and Natsamrat (2016) achieved both commercial success and critical acclaim. The latter became the first Marathi film to cross the ₹50 crore (approximately $ 7.8 million) mark during its theatrical run. During this decade, several films sparked controversies, including Zenda (2010), Lalbaug Parel (2010), Mee Shivajiraje Bhosale Boltoy (2010), Sanngto Aika (2014), Nude (2018), and Dashakriya (2017), which ignited discussions by touching upon sensitive issues like caste, religion, politics, and societal norms. The decade also marked
1260-755: A number of schools and educational institutions. Some of the well-known schools are Bombay Scottish School , Canossa Convent High School, K.J Khilnani High School, Victoria High School, Saraswati Mandir High School, Lokmanya Vidyamandir, Billa Bong school and St Michael High School). Reputed colleges and professional educational institutes such as P. D. Hinduja National Hospital and Medical Research Centre , D. G. Ruparel College of Arts, Science and Commerce , St. Xavier's Technical Institute and Xavier Institute of Engineering also in Mahim. Marathi language Marathi ( / m ə ˈ r ɑː t i / ; मराठी , Marāṭhī , pronounced [məˈɾaːʈʰiː] )
1386-564: A part of the Mahabharata translation is available and the entire Ramayana translation is lost. Shridhar Kulkarni came from the Pandharpur area and his works are said to have superseded the Sanskrit epics to a certain extent. This period also saw the development of Powada (ballads sung in honour of warriors), and Lavani (romantic songs presented with dance and instruments like tabla). Major poet composers of Powada and Lavani songs of
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#17327718463861512-411: A pioneer and founder of Marathi cinema and Cinema of India . He brought the revolution of motion pictures to India with his first indigenously made film, Raja Harishchandra , released in 1913. Although the film had Marathi and English intertitles , it is considered a Marathi film by IFFI and NIFD, citing that while filming, Phalke had employed a full Marathi crew, including actors. Some claim that
1638-646: A platform for sharing literary views, and many books on social reforms were written. The First Marathi periodical Dirghadarshan was started in 1840. The Marathi language flourished, as Marathi drama gained popularity. Musicals known as Sangeet Natak also evolved. Keshavasut , the father of modern Marathi poetry published his first poem in 1885. The late-19th century in Maharashtra saw the rise of essayist Vishnushastri Chiplunkar with his periodical, Nibandhmala that had essays that criticised social reformers like Phule and Gopal Hari Deshmukh . He also founded
1764-522: A separate language dates to approximately 3rd century BCE: a stone inscription found in a cave at Naneghat , Junnar in Pune district had been written in Maharashtri using Brahmi script . The Gaha Sattasai is an ancient collection of poems composed approximately 2,000 years ago in ancient Marathi also known as Maharashtri Prakrit or simply Maharashtri . It is a collection of poetry attributed to
1890-453: A special department for Marathi. Marathi Day is celebrated on 27 February, the birthday of the poet Kusumagraj (Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar). Standard Marathi is based on dialects used by academics and the print media. Indic scholars distinguish 42 dialects of spoken Marathi. Dialects bordering other major language areas have many properties in common with those languages, further differentiating them from standard spoken Marathi. The bulk of
2016-765: A stir in Marathi literature with its passionate depiction of a cruel society and thus brought in new momentum to Dalit literature in Marathi. Gradually with other writers like Namdeo Dhasal (who founded Dalit Panther ), these Dalit writings paved way for the strengthening of Dalit movement. Notable Dalit authors writing in Marathi include Arun Kamble , Shantabai Kamble , Raja Dhale , Namdev Dhasal , Daya Pawar , Annabhau Sathe , Laxman Mane , Laxman Gaikwad , Sharankumar Limbale , Bhau Panchbhai , Kishor Shantabai Kale , Narendra Jadhav , Keshav Meshram , Urmila Pawar , Vinay Dharwadkar, Gangadhar Pantawane, Kumud Pawde and Jyoti Lanjewar. In recent decades there has been
2142-483: A treatise in Marathi on Bhagawat Gita popularly called Dnyaneshwari and Amrutanubhava . Mukund Raj was a poet who lived in the 13th century and is said to be the first poet who composed in Marathi. He is known for the Viveka-Siddhi and Parammruta which are metaphysical, pantheistic works connected with orthodox Vedantism . The 16th century saint-poet Eknath (1528–1599) is well known for composing
2268-574: A trend among Marathi speaking parents of all social classes in major urban areas of sending their children to English medium schools . There is some concern that this may lead to the marginalisation of the language. Marathi is primarily spoken in Maharashtra and parts of neighbouring states of Gujarat (majorly in Vadodara , and among a small number of population in Surat ), Madhya Pradesh (in
2394-492: A vehicle for the propagation of religion and culture. Mahanubhava literature generally comprises works that describe the incarnations of gods, the history of the sect, commentaries on the Bhagavad Gita , poetical works narrating the stories of the life of Krishna and grammatical and etymological works that are deemed useful to explain the philosophy of sect. The 13th century Varkari saint Dnyaneshwar (1275–1296) wrote
2520-504: Is a classical Indo-Aryan language predominantly spoken by Marathi people in the Indian state of Maharashtra and is also spoken in other states like in Goa , Karnataka , Tamil Nadu , Telangana , Gujarat , Madhya Pradesh , Chhattisgarh , and the territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu . It is the official language of Maharashtra, and an additional official language in
2646-418: Is also home to a significant number of Gujaratis and Bengalis . Hinduism is the most followed religion while Christianity and Islam are the second and third most followed religions respectively. There is also a small community of Parsis ( Zorastrians ) Buddhists and Jains residing in Mahim. Mahim is considered to be Mumbai's ethnically , religiously and linguistically most diverse town. Mahim
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#17327718463862772-514: Is also spoken by Maharashtrian migrants to other parts of India and overseas. For instance, the people from western India who emigrated to Mauritius in the early 19th century also speak Marathi. There were 83 million native Marathi speakers in India, according to the 2011 census, making it the third most spoken native language after Hindi and Bengali. Native Marathi speakers form 6.86% of India's population. Native speakers of Marathi formed 70.34% of
2898-739: Is common, while sometimes in the Varhadii dialect, it corresponds to the palatal approximant y (IPA: [j]), making this dialect quite distinct. Such phonetic shifts are common in spoken Marathi and, as such, the spoken dialects vary from one region of Maharashtra to another. Zaadi Boli or Zhaadiboli ( झाडिबोलि ) is spoken in Zaadipranta (a forest rich region) of far eastern Maharashtra or eastern Vidarbha or western-central Gondwana comprising Gondia , Bhandara , Chandrapur , Gadchiroli and some parts of Nagpur of Maharashtra. Zaadi Boli Sahitya Mandal and many literary figures are working for
3024-438: Is considered as one of the most successful year as many films were hit. The year highlighted a diverse range of genres, including the zombie comedy Zombivli , the historical action Pawankhind , the musical romantic Chandramukhi , the thriller Y , and the accidental drama Ananya . The year concluded with Ritesh Deshmukh 's blockbuster film Ved , which grossed ₹75 crore (approximately $ 9.0 million), making it one of
3150-431: Is considered the first production house in Indian cinema, as the pioneering feature film Raja Harishchandra was produced under its banner. Other notable films produced by the company include Satyavan Savitri (1914) and Lanka Dahan (1917). After the success of Lanka Dahan , several prominent figures, including Bal Gangadhar Tilak , Ratanji Tata , and actress Fatma Begum , approached Phalke with offers to convert
3276-520: Is slightly different from the Devanagari alphabets of Hindi and other languages: there are additional letters in the Marathi alphabet and Western punctuation is used. William Carey in 1807 Observed that as with other parts of India, a traditional duality existed in script usage between Devanagari for religious texts, and Modi for commerce and administration. Although in the Mahratta country
3402-545: Is still read with interest by Veerashaiva people of Marathwada. Apart from this, the Pararamrhasya, a spiritual book composed by him on Shatsthalsiddhanta, is also recited. Marathi was widely used during the Sultanate period. Although the rulers were Muslims, the local feudal landlords and the revenue collectors were Hindus and so was the majority of the population. To simplify administration and revenue collection,
3528-614: Is surrounded by the Arabian Sea to the west, Bandra to the North, Matunga and Dadar to South and by and Sion to the east. Mahim Bay is a large bay, part of the Arabian Sea in Mumbai. The southern end is Worli , the northern end is Bandra Reclamation and Mahim is in the centre. The bay was named after the islands of Mahim and Salsette were merged in the early 19th century. The Mithi River drains into Mahim Creek . During
3654-529: Is the official language of Maharashtra and additional official language in the state of Goa . In Goa , Konkani is the sole official language; however, Marathi may also be used for any or all official purposes in case any request is received in Marathi. Marathi is included among the languages that are part of the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of India , thus granting it the status of
3780-416: Is the segment of Indian cinema dedicated to the production of motion pictures in the Marathi language widely spoken in the state of Maharashtra . It is based in Mumbai . It is the oldest film industry of India and one of the leaders in filmmaking in the Indian film industry. Raja Harishchandra , directed by Dadasaheb Phalke and released in 1913, was the first Marathi-language film ever made, and
3906-487: Is usually appended to Sanskrit or Kannada in these inscriptions. The earliest Marathi-only inscriptions are the ones issued during the Shilahara rule, including a c. 1012 CE stone inscription from Akshi taluka of Raigad district , and a 1060 or 1086 CE copper-plate inscription from Dive that records a land grant ( agrahara ) to a Brahmin. A 2-line 1118 CE Prakrit inscription at Shravanabelagola records
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4032-555: The Ahmadnagar Sultanate . Adilshahi of Bijapur also used Marathi for administration and record keeping. Marathi gained prominence with the rise of the Maratha Kingdom beginning with the reign of Shivaji . In his court, Shivaji replaced Persian, the common courtly language in the region, with Marathi. The Marathi language used in administrative documents also became less Persianised . Whereas in 1630, 80% of
4158-636: The American Marathi mission and the Scottish missionaries led to the development of a peculiar pidginised Marathi called "Missionary Marathi" in the early 1800s. The most comprehensive Marathi-English dictionary was compiled by Captain James Thomas Molesworth and Major Thomas Candy in 1831. The book is still in print nearly two centuries after its publication. The colonial authorities also worked on standardising Marathi under
4284-860: The Devanagari character is well known to men of education, yet a character is current among the men of business which is much smaller, and varies considerably in form from the Nagari , though the number and power of the letters nearly correspond. It is written from left to right. Devanagari used to write Marathi is slightly different from that of Hindi or other languages. It uses additional vowels and consonants that are not found in other languages that also use Devanagari. Marathi cinema Rice Bread Fish Sweets Snacks Institutions Awards Folk genres Devotional Classical genres Modern genres People Instruments DANCE THEATER Genres Organizations Marathi Cinema , also known as Marathi film industry ,
4410-551: The Indo-Aryan language family are derived from early forms of Prakrit . Marathi is one of several languages that further descend from Maharashtri Prakrit . Further changes led to the formation of Apabhraṃśa followed by Old Marathi. However, this is challenged by Bloch (1970), who states that Apabhraṃśa was formed after Marathi had already separated from the Middle Indian dialect. The earliest example of Marathi as
4536-550: The Jnanpith Award . Also Vijay Tendulkar 's plays in Marathi have earned him a reputation beyond Maharashtra . P.L. Deshpande (popularly known as PuLa ), Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar , P.K. Atre , Prabodhankar Thackeray and Vishwas Patil are known for their writings in Marathi in the fields of drama, comedy and social commentary. Bashir Momin Kavathekar wrote Lavani's and folk songs for Tamasha artists. In 1958
4662-649: The Maharashtra Film Company with the support of the Maharaja of Kolhapur. His first significant historical film, Sairandhri (1920), was well-received. Although the studio initially focused on silent films, it closed its doors in 1930 following the advent of sound. Members such as Vishnupant Damle , Sheikh Fattelal, and V. Shantaram had left in 1929 to establish Prabhat Film Company . By 1932, eight Marathi films had been released, three of which were by Prabhat Film Company, which went on to dominate
4788-619: The National Film Award for acting. Contemporary figures such as Nagraj Manjule , Ashutosh Gowariker , Makarand Deshpande , Atul Kulkarni , Mahesh Manjrekar , Ashok Saraf , Laxmikant Berde , Sadashiv Amrapurkar , Siddharth Jadhav , Shreyas Talpade , Shivaji Satam , Mrunal Thakur , Radhika Apte , Sai Tamhankar , Urmila Matondkar , Sonali Bendre , Amruta Khanvilkar , Renuka Shahane , Sharvari , Rohini Hattangadi and Reema Lagoo have achieved national recognition for their contributions to cinema. Phalke Films Company
4914-599: The Varhadi Marathi . Marathi was designated as a classical language by the Government of India in October 2024. Marathi distinguishes inclusive and exclusive forms of 'we' and possesses three genders : masculine, feminine, and neuter. Its phonology contrasts apico-alveolar with alveopalatal affricates and alveolar with retroflex laterals ( [l] and [ɭ] (Marathi letters ल and ळ respectively). Indian languages, including Marathi, that belong to
5040-428: The schwa , which has been omitted in other languages which use Devanagari. For example, the word 'रंग' (colour) is pronounced as 'ranga' in Marathi & 'rang' in other languages using Devanagari, and 'खरं' (true), despite the anuswara , is pronounced as 'khara'. The anuswara in this case is used to avoid schwa deletion in pronunciation; most other languages using Devanagari show schwa deletion in pronunciation despite
5166-535: The 17th and the 18th century were Anant Phandi, Ram Joshi and Honaji Bala . The British colonial period starting in early 1800s saw standardisation of Marathi grammar through the efforts of the Christian missionary William Carey . Carey's dictionary had fewer entries and Marathi words were in Devanagari . Translations of the Bible were the first books to be printed in Marathi. These translations by William Carey,
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5292-489: The 18th century during Peshwa rule, some well-known works such as Yatharthadeepika by Vaman Pandit , Naladamayanti Swayamvara by Raghunath Pandit , Pandava Pratap, Harivijay, Ramvijay by Shridhar Pandit and Mahabharata by Moropant were produced. Krishnadayarnava and Sridhar were poets during the Peshwa period. New literary forms were successfully experimented with during the period and classical styles were revived, especially
5418-506: The 1980s and 1990s include Nana Patekar , Ajinkya Deo , Nitish Bharadwaj , Prashant Damle , Ramesh Bhatkar , Sachin Khedekar , Ranjana , Varsha Usgaonkar , Nivedita Joshi , Supriya Pilgaonkar , Ashwini Bhave , Priya Berde , Alka Kubal , Sonali Kulkarni , Neena Kulkarni , and Mrinal Kulkarni . In more recent times, actors like Upendra Limaye , Girish Kulkarni and Vikram Gokhale have garnered critical acclaim, with receiving
5544-513: The 1990s. A literary event called Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Sahitya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Literature Meet) is held every year. In addition, the Akhil Bharatiya Marathi Natya Sammelan (All-India Marathi Theatre Convention) is also held annually. Both events are very popular among Marathi speakers. Notable works in Marathi in the latter half of the 20th century include Khandekar's Yayati , which won him
5670-550: The 20th century was marked by new enthusiasm in literary pursuits, and socio-political activism helped achieve major milestones in Marathi literature , drama, music and film. Modern Marathi prose flourished: for example, N.C.Kelkar 's biographical writings, novels of Hari Narayan Apte , Narayan Sitaram Phadke and V. S. Khandekar , Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 's nationalist literature and plays of Mama Varerkar and Kirloskar. In folk arts, Patthe Bapurao wrote many lavani songs during
5796-553: The Eknāthī Bhāgavat, a commentary on Bhagavat Purana and the devotional songs called Bharud. Mukteshwar translated the Mahabharata into Marathi; Tukaram (1608–49) transformed Marathi into a rich literary language. His poetry contained his inspirations. Tukaram wrote over 3000 abhangs or devotional songs. Manmathswamy (1561-1631) wrote a large volume of poetry and literature in Marathi. The Shivparv Ambhag composed by him
5922-781: The English King, King Charles II , as a part of the wedding dowry for the Portuguese princess, Catherine of Braganza . After the British acquired Mumbai, they built the Mahim Fort here to protect themselves from the Marathas . The causeway connecting Mahim and Bandra (corrupted from "Bunder" meaning port in Persian ) was completed in 1845 at a cost of Rs. 1,57,000 donated entirely by Lady Avabai Jamsetjee Jeejeebhoy , wife of
6048-636: The Mahakavya and Prabandha forms. The most important hagiographies of Varkari Bhakti saints were written by Mahipati in the 18th century. Other well known literary scholars of the 17th century were Mukteshwar and Shridhar . Mukteshwar was the grandson of Eknath and is the most distinguished poet in the Ovi meter. He is most known for translating the Mahabharata and the Ramayana in Marathi but only
6174-473: The Mumbai film industry, Marathi cinema notably outshone other Indian film industries, including Bollywood, in box office collections and critical appreciation during the first quarter of 2010. The landmark film Sairat (2016), a romantic drama directed by Nagraj Manjule and starring Rinku Rajguru and Akash Thosar , emerged as a game-changer, becoming the biggest weekend opener for a Marathi film and breaking records previously held by Natsamrat . Sairat
6300-487: The Pendharkar brothers and Master Vinayak . Shahu Maharaj aimed to establish Kolhapur as the "Hollywood of Marathi Cinema." However, the studio produced only three films and closed after the failure of Phalke's Gangavataran (1937). In the early 1940s, Shantaram founded his own production house, Rajkamal Kalamandir , which later produced notable films such as Lokshahir Ram Joshi (1947) and Pinjra (1972), both
6426-680: The Satavahana King Hala. A committee appointed by the Maharashtra State Government to get the Classical status for Marathi has claimed that Marathi existed at least 2,300 years ago . Marathi, a derivative of Maharashtri Prakrit language , is probably first attested in a 739 CE copper-plate inscription found in Satara . Several inscriptions dated to the second half of the 11th century feature Marathi, which
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#17327718463866552-963: The above-mentioned rules give special status to tatsamas , words adapted from Sanskrit . This special status expects the rules for tatsamas to be followed as in Sanskrit. This practice provides Marathi with a large corpus of Sanskrit words to cope with the demands of new technical words whenever needed. In addition to all universities in Maharashtra, Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda in Vadodara , Osmania University in Hyderabad , Karnataka University in Dharwad , Gulbarga University in Kalaburagi , Devi Ahilya University in Indore and Goa University in Goa have special departments for higher studies in Marathi linguistics. Jawaharlal Nehru University (New Delhi) has announced plans to establish
6678-623: The advent of sound in the 1930s, a shift toward more naturalistic acting emerged in Marathi cinema, although traces of the theatrical style remained. V. Shantaram , a prominent actor-director of the era, introduced a more refined approach to acting. Renowned actors of this time included Shanta Apte , Durga Khote , Lalita Pawar , Meenakshi Shirodkar , Shobhna Samarth , Chandrakant Mandare , Shahu Modak , Master Vinayak , and Baburao Pendharkar . Following India's independence, Marathi filmmakers began to focus on mythology and pressing social issues such as caste discrimination, women's rights, and
6804-526: The area. The Mahim Causeway forms the link between Swami Vivekanand Road and L.J. Road , being the stretch between Bandra Masjid and Mahim Church ( St. Michael's Church ). It is not to be confused with the Bandra–Worli Sea Link , a major infrastructural project opened on 30 June 2009 which is designed to ease traffic across the causeway by building another bridge across the Mahim Bay. Mahim has
6930-571: The brunt of their fire. There were about 100 soldiers and 30 cannons in the Mahim Fort at that time. The fort is situated just beside Mahim beach. Today the fort is almost ruined and encroachers and hutments occupy it. The town has a large and strong base of upper middle class and rich Marathi people and is also home to several Marathi actors. The largest ethnic minority group being Goans ( Portuguese descent) followed by South Indians (mostly from Karnataka , Kerala and Tamilnadu ). Mahim
7056-589: The colonial era, the Portuguese built a watchtower called Castella de Aguada on the northern side. Later, the British built the Worli Fort to the south and Mahim Fort near the creek to defend the Seven Islands of Bombay against attacks by the Portuguese and the Marathas . The Bandra–Worli Sea Link crosses Mahim Bay. Mahim Creek is a 15 feet (4.6 m) deep creek . The Mithi River drains into
7182-418: The company into a limited company, but he declined. However, Phalke eventually accepted a partnership with Waman Apte, Laxman Phatak, Mayashankar Bhatt, Madhavji Jesingh, and Gokuldas Damodar, leading to the company's conversion into "Hindustan Cinema Films Company." The first film produced under this new venture was Shri Krishna Janma . In 1917, Baburao Mistry , popularly known as Baburao Painter, founded
7308-484: The confederacy. These excursions by the Marathas helped to spread Marathi over broader geographical regions. This period also saw the use of Marathi in transactions involving land and other business. Documents from this period, therefore, give a better picture of the life of common people. There are a number of Bakhars (journals or narratives of historical events) written in Marathi and Modi script from this period. In
7434-484: The conservation of this dialect of Marathi. Thanjavur Marathi तञ्जावूर् मराठि, Namadeva Shimpi Marathi, Arey Marathi (Telangana), Kasaragod (north Kerala) and Bhavsar Marathi are some of the dialects of Marathi spoken by many descendants of Maharashtrians who migrated to Southern India . These dialects retain the 17th-century basic form of Marathi and have been considerably influenced by the Dravidian languages after
7560-495: The creek which drains into the Mahim Bay. It forms the boundary between the city ( Churchgate to Mahim) and suburbs ( Bandra to Dahisar ) of Mumbai. The creek is swamped by mangroves and has a mini-ecosystem. It now has the Bandra Kurla Complex with corporate offices on both its sides. The waters of the creek are foul smelling due to the dumping of untreated industrial effluents upstream. In recent years,
7686-535: The districts of Burhanpur , Betul , Chhindwara and Balaghat ), Goa , Chhattisgarh , Tamil Nadu (in Thanjavur ) and Karnataka (in the districts of Belagavi , Karwar , Bagalkote , Vijayapura , Kalaburagi and Bidar ), Telangana , union-territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The former Maratha ruled cities of Baroda , Indore , Gwalior , Jabalpur , and Tanjore have had sizeable Marathi-speaking populations for centuries. Marathi
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#17327718463867812-610: The dominant language of epigraphy during the last half century of the dynasty's rule (14th century), and may have been a result of the Yadava attempts to connect with their Marathi-speaking subjects and to distinguish themselves from the Kannada-speaking Hoysalas . Further growth and usage of the language was because of two religious sects – the Mahanubhava and Varkari panthan s – who adopted Marathi as
7938-407: The eponymous novel by Sane Guruji . Marathi cinema was in its full bloom by this time with the advent of greats like V. Shantaram, Master Vinayak , Bhalji Pendharkar and Acharya Atre , followed by Raja Paranjpe , Dinkar D. Patil , G. D. Madgulkar , Sudhir Phadke and Raja Thakur . The 1960s saw the emergence of directors such as V. Shantaram and Anant Mane , who made Marathi films based on
8064-492: The family drama Manini (1961), the historical fiction Mohityanchi Manjula (1963) by Bhalji Pendharkar and the drama Aamhi Jato Amuchya Gava (1968), which took six years to make, was a big success upon release, while the comedy Pandu Havaldar (1975) brought Ashok Saraf into recognition. By the early 1970s, Dada Kondke captured audiences with his distinct style of ribald humor, often incorporating sexual innuendo . His first film in this genre, Songadya (1971),
8190-403: The films based on Tamasha genre. During this period, many producers ventured into filmmaking under their own banners, with notable examples including Anant Mane ’s Chetana Pictures and Dada Kondke ’s Sadicha Chitra, the latter featuring Kondke himself in leading roles. However, despite the number of films being produced during this era, few production houses managed to establish a lasting name in
8316-401: The first Hollywood sound film, The Jazz Singer (1927), which is the first sound film made in the world. Bhalji Pendharkar 's Shyam Sundar was the first talkie to be made in Pune and apparently the first Indian film with a continuious run of more than 25 weeks at West End (present Naaz Talkies, Mumbai). As cinema grew in the Union of India, major production houses rose, and one of them
8442-415: The first baronet Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy with a stipulation that no toll would be charged to citizens for its use by the government. In 1847, a small group of Scottish missionaries decided to start a new school, now one of the most high-profile schools in Mumbai — the Bombay Scottish School . The 1993 Bombay bombings took place in Mahim among other places. A truck driver placed a vehicle here and put
8568-427: The first ever Marathi movie was Shree Pundalik of Dadasaheb Torne ; it was released on 18 May 1912 at Coronation Cinematograph, Bombay . But this claim is disputed; it is not considered the first Marathi or Indian movie because it was not a movie in the true sense; it was a recording of a then popular theater play; the cameraman who filmed that movie, Jonson, was a British national; it was processed in London ; and
8694-426: The first time a Marathi film documented Dashavatara , an early form of folk theatre, in its original style. As theaters reopened, the industry shifted its focus toward innovative storytelling and a variety of genres. The ensemble film Jhimma became the first to release in theaters post-pandemic, achieving significant success by running for 50 days, ultimately grossing over ₹14.07 crore. The following year 2022,
8820-514: The folk art form Tamasha . Mane’s Sawaal Majha Aika! (1964), marked his third Best Feature Film Award win and featured many popular songs. Shantaram's Pinjra (1972) was a major hit, becoming one of the biggest commercial successes of its time, and ran for an impressive 134 weeks in Pune . It was also the first Marathi film to be made in color. Directors like Datta Dharmadhikari and Rajdutt later gained popularity for their traditional family dramas. Noteworthy films from this period include
8946-511: The highest-grossing Marathi films of all time. Additionally, Pondicherry became the first Marathi film to be entirely shot on smartphone, while Har Har Mahadev made history as the first Marathi film to be released in Tamil, Telugu, and Kannada languages. Throughout the decade, the industry continued to produce biographical, comedy, drama, and historical films, but woman-centric films reached new heights. Notably, Kedar Shinde 's Baipan Bhaari Deva , centered around six elderly sisters, became
9072-565: The industry with 18 films in the following decade—more than any other studio in the pre-independence era. Prabhat’s first major hit was Shantaram's Amrit Manthan (1934). In 1933, Prabhat Film Company undertook the ambitious project of making Sairandhri the first color film in Indian cinema, processing it at UFA Studios in Germany , but the results were unsatisfactory. After Prabhat shifted its operations to Pune, Shahu Maharaj of Kolhapur helped found Kolhapur Cinestone in collaboration with
9198-557: The industry. In the mid-1980s, Mahesh Kothare founded his production house, Jenma Films, under which he produced and directed more than ten successful films, later founding its spin-off, Kothare Vision, in 2008. Around the same time, Shantaram’s son also ventured into production, establishing V. Shantaram Productions, further extending the family’s legacy in Marathi cinema. Under this banner, he delivered superhit films like Balache Baap Brahmachari and Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi , which became classics in Marathi film history. This era also marked
9324-489: The language's name was saṃskṛtam , while in day-to-day Marathi it is saṃskrut . In other Indic languages, it is closer to sanskrit ). Spoken Marathi allows for conservative stress patterns in words like शब्द ( śabda ) with an emphasis on the ending vowel sound, a feature that has been lost in Hindi due to Schwa deletion . A defining feature of the Marathi language is the split of Indo-Aryan ल /la/ into
9450-569: The late 1950s, Jayshree Gadkar became one of the most influential actresses of the 1960s after her memorable performance in Sangtye Aika . In recognition of Marathi cinema, the Maharashtra government launched the annual Maharashtra State Film Awards , with Prapanch being the first film to win the Best Film award. Anant Mane is also credited for sustaining Marathi cinema with his groundbreaking work on Tamasha films. The 1970s saw
9576-527: The late colonial period. After Indian independence , Marathi was accorded the status of a scheduled language on the national level. In 1956, the then Bombay state was reorganised, which brought most Marathi and Gujarati speaking areas under one state. Further re-organization of the Bombay state on 1 May 1960, created the Marathi speaking Maharashtra and Gujarati speaking Gujarat state respectively. With state and cultural protection, Marathi made great strides by
9702-432: The latter becoming one of the highest-grossing Marathi films of its time, earning ₹3 crores. He also directed the supernatural revenge drama Bhutacha Bhau (1989), feel good movie Aayatya Gharat Gharoba (1991), Aamchya Sarkhe Aamhich (1990) , and around the same time Kothare made hit films Dhoom Dhadaka (1985) , Dhadakebaaz (1990), De Danadan (1987), and horror-thriller Zapatlela (1993), which
9828-552: The leadership of Molesworth and Candy. They consulted Brahmins of Pune for this task and adopted the Sanskrit dominated dialect spoken by the elite in the city as the standard dialect for Marathi. The first Marathi translation of the New Testament was published in 1811 by the Serampore press of William Carey. The first Marathi newspaper called Durpan was started by Balshastri Jambhekar in 1832. Newspapers provided
9954-540: The locals and auto rickshaws are not allowed. The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport is just 4 kilometers away from the town. The Mahim Causeway is a vital link road connecting the neighborhoods of Mahim in Mumbai City district to Bandra in Mumbai Suburban district . The Mahim Causeway was built between 1841 and 1846 to connect the island of Salsette with Mahim. The swampy area between
10080-469: The medium for preaching their doctrines of devotion. Marathi was used in court life by the time of the Yadava kings. During the reign of the last three Yadava kings, a great deal of literature in verse and prose, on astrology, medicine, Puranas , Vedanta , kings and courtiers were created. Nalopakhyana , Rukminiswayamvara and Shripati's Jyotisharatnamala (1039) are a few examples. The oldest book in prose form in Marathi, Vivēkasindhu ( विवेकसिंधु ),
10206-404: The migration. These dialects have speakers in various parts of Tamil Nadu , Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka . Other Marathi–Konkani languages and dialects spoken in Maharashtra include Maharashtrian Konkani , Malvani , Sangameshwari, Agri , Andh , Warli , Vadvali and Samavedi . Vowels in native words are: There is almost no phonemic length distinction, even though it is indicated in
10332-595: The miracle-filled the life of Chakradhar Swami of the Mahanubhava sect compiled by his close disciple, Mahimbhatta, in 1238. The Līḷācarītra is thought to be the first biography written in the Marathi language. Mahimbhatta's second important literary work is the Shri Govindaprabhucharitra or Ruddhipurcharitra , a biography of Shri Chakradhar Swami's guru, Shri Govind Prabhu. This was probably written in 1288. The Mahanubhava sect made Marathi
10458-577: The mushrooming of slums around the waters has caused concern for the mangrove ecosystem, vital to the ecosystem of Mumbai. In 2006, it was the site of mass hysteria as thousands claimed its waters had turned "sweet." The nearest railway station is Mahim Junction on the Western line and Harbour Line of the Mumbai Suburban Railway network. The station is an important Junction as it connects Western Suburbs (till Goregaon ) with Harbour line ( CSMT to Kings Circle ). Taxis and buses are widely used by
10584-650: The negative also remained in the United Kingdom . Kolhapur was a centre of film production in the twentieth century. Maharashtra Film Company 's Sairandhri (1920), starring Balasaheb Pawar , Kamala Devi and Zunzarrao Pawar, was the first Indian film to cast women artists. Notably, Sairandhri became the first Indian film to face censorship by the British Government. Because of his special interest in sets, costume design and painting, he chose episodes from Maratha history for interpreting in
10710-426: The new medium and specialized in the historical genre. Baburao Painter made many silent movies till 1930, including Surekha Haran (1921), for which he brought the best camera of the time, manufactured by Bell & Howell , and Savkari Pash (Indian Shylock) in 1925, a social film based on a short story by Narayan Hari Apte . Baburao was not particularly keen on the talkies, for he believed that they would destroy
10836-399: The original diphthong qualities of ⟨ऐ⟩ [əi] , and ⟨औ⟩ [əu] which became monophthongs in Hindi. However, similar to speakers of Western Indo-Aryan languages and Dravidian languages, Marathi speakers tend to pronounce syllabic consonant ऋ ṛ as [ru] , unlike Northern Indo-Aryan languages which changed it to [ri] (e.g. the original Sanskrit pronunciation of
10962-409: The pandemic. The pandemic forced the industry to adapt rapidly, embracing digital platforms for film releases, which allowed filmmakers to reach audiences. Films like Well Done Baby (2021) and The Disciple (2021) were released straight on streaming platforms. Additionally, Picasso , directed by Abhijeet Mohan Warang, was the first Marathi film to have a direct digital release. It also marked
11088-534: The pioneer of printing in Indian languages, was only able to print in Devanagari. He later tried printing in Modi but by that time, Balbodh Devanagari had been accepted for printing. Marathi is usually written in the Balbodh version of Devanagari script, an abugida consisting of 36 consonant letters and 16 initial- vowel letters. It is written from left to right. The Devanagari alphabet used to write Marathi
11214-546: The popular Marathi periodical of that era called Kesari in 1881. Later under the editorship of Lokmanya Tilak , the newspaper was instrumental in spreading Tilak's nationalist and social views. Phule and Deshmukh also started their periodicals, Deenbandhu and Prabhakar , that criticised the prevailing Hindu culture of the day. The 19th century and early 20th century saw several books published on Marathi grammar. Notable grammarians of this period were Tarkhadkar , A.K.Kher, Moro Keshav Damle, and R.Joshi The first half of
11340-801: The population in Maharashtra, 10.89% in Goa, 7.01% in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, 4.53% in Daman and Diu, 3.38% in Karnataka, 1.7% in Madhya Pradesh, and 1.52% in Gujarat. The following table is a list of the geographic distribution of Marathi speakers as it appears in the 2019 edition of Ethnologue , a language reference published by SIL International , which is based in the United States . Marathi
11466-456: The powerful lobby at the national level, unlike South Indian cinema , because the state encouraged Hindi cinema for profit mainly; the regional film industrial advantage being soaked up by Bollywood. In the mid-2000s, Marathi cinema explored a range of compelling themes through films that resonated with audiences. Not Only Mrs. Raut (2003) highlighted women's struggles against exploitation, while Aga Bai Arrecha! (2004) humorously depicted
11592-609: The presence of schwa in the written spelling. From the 13th century until the beginning of British rule in the 19th century, Marathi was written in the Modi script for administrative purposes but in Devanagari for literature. Since 1950 it has been written in the Balbodh style of Devanagari. Except for Father Thomas Stephens' Krista Purana in the Latin script in the 1600s, Marathi has mainly been printed in Devanagari because William Carey ,
11718-676: The pronunciations of English words such as of /æ/ in act and /ɔ/ in all . These are written as ⟨अॅ⟩ and ⟨ऑ⟩ . The default vowel has two allophones apart from ə . The most prevalent allophone is ɤ , which results in कळ ( kaḷa ) being more commonly pronounced as [kɤːɺ̢ ] rather than [kəɺ̢ ] . Another rare allophone is ʌ , which occurs in words such as महाराज ( mahārāja ): [mʌɦaˈrad͡ʒ] . Marathi retains several features of Sanskrit that have been lost in other Indo-Aryan languages such as Hindi and Bengali, especially in terms of pronunciation of vowels and consonants. For instance, Marathi retains
11844-529: The region in the 13th century. He built a palace and a court of justice in Prabhadevi , as well as the first Babulnath Temple . In 1343, this island was possessed by the Delhi Sultanate . It was in their reign that the old Mahim mosque was built. A dargah of Makhdoom Ali Mahimi was built here in 1431. In 1543, the Portuguese captured the islands of Mumbai. In 1662, these islands were given to
11970-763: The rise of Dada Kondke , who became a leading figure by producing and directing hit films like Songadya , Ekta Jeev Sadashiv , Andhala Marto Dola , Pandu Havaldar , Tumcha Aamcha Jamala , Ram Ram Gangaram , Bot Lavin Titha Gudgulya , Aali Angavar , and Hyoch Navra Pahije . He holds a Guinness World Record for delivering nine silver jubilee hits at the box office. This decade also introduced notable actors such as Smita Patil , Usha Chavan , Usha Naik , Asha Kale , Anjana Mumtaz , Nilu Phule , Kashinath Ghanekar , Shriram Lagoo , Ravindra Mahajani , and Vikram Gokhale . The 1980s were dominated by Ashok Saraf and Laxmikant Berde , who were regarded as
12096-426: The rise of biographical films such as Mee Sindhutai Sapkal (2010), Balgandharva (2011), Dr. Prakash Baba Amte (2014), Lokmanya: Ek Yugpurush (2015), Ekk Albela (2016), Ani... Dr. Kashinath Ghanekar (2018), and Anandi Gopal (2019). Moreover, the adult comedy genre gained prominence with films like No Entry Pudhe Dhoka Aahey (2012), Takatak (2019), and Boyz (2017). The superhero genre
12222-663: The rise of two influential female producers, Uma Bhende and Smita Talwalkar , who made their mark with their production houses, Shri Prasad Chitra and Asmita Chitra, respectively, contributing significantly to the industry's growth. Nowadays, Marathi movies have been listed at many international film festivals, which provides a platform for such movies and the filmmakers to know big in the world film industry. All Lights Film Services provided platform for Marathi films such as Pinky – Ek Sathyakatha, Kapus Kondyachi Goshta , Hou De Jarasa Ushir, Sopanchi Aye Bahina Bhai, Touring Talkies, Langar to almost all leading international festivals across
12348-673: The scope of the industry. By this time, Marathi cinema largely gravitated towards either Tamasha-based films or traditional family dramas, alongside Kondke's signature comedies. The mid-1980s saw two comedy heroes raised to stardom, Ashok Saraf and Laxmikant Berde , become popular superstars. In the mid '80s Mahesh Kothare and Sachin Pilgaonkar made many box-office hit films. Kothare used to make action - comedy - thriller genre movies, while Pilgaonkar used to make mainly comedy movies. Pilgaonkar made hit classics such as buddy films Gammat Jammat (1987), Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi (1988),
12474-444: The script. Some educated speakers try to maintain a length distinction in learned borrowings ( tatsamas ) from Sanskrit. There are no nasal vowels, although some speakers of Puneri and Kokni dialects maintain nasalisation of vowels that was present in old Marathi and continues to be orthographically present in modern Marathi. Marathi furthermore contrasts /əi, əu/ with /ai, au/ . There are two more vowels in Marathi to denote
12600-472: The second Marathi film, after Shwaas , to receive this honour. Road movie De Dhakka (2008), satire film Nishani Dava Anghatha (2009) based on failure of government of India's adult education program, political satire Gallit Gondhal Dillit Mujra (2009), film raising state's farmar's issue, rampant corruption in government officials, satire Jau Tithe Khau (2007), Kaydyach Bola (2005) and
12726-485: The second highest-grossing Marathi film of all time, grossing over ₹92 crore and making history as the first female-centric movie to achieve such success. In the early days of Marathi cinema, theater experience was essential for actors. Dadasaheb Phalke , regarded as the father of Indian cinema, laid the foundation with his pioneering film Raja Harishchandra in 1913. During this period, acting styles in Marathi films were heavily influenced by stage performances. With
12852-418: The significant success of Maherchi Sadi (1991), starring Alka Kubal , which grossed a record ₹12 crores and became a landmark in Marathi cinema, the industry experienced a wave of family drama films. This surge saw filmmakers exploring relatable themes centered around family dynamics, societal values, and emotional narratives, further solidifying the family drama genre's popularity in Marathi cinema. While
12978-488: The social drama Jogwa (2009) made impacts on the audience's mind during this period. Since the beginning of the new decade in 2010, Marathi cinema has witnessed a remarkable resurgence with the release of several contemporary artistic films, including Vihir (2009), Deool (2011), Mala Aai Vhhaychy! (2011), Fandry (2013), Ek Hazarachi Note (2014), Elizabeth Ekadashi (2014), Ventilator (2016), and Mulshi Pattern (2018), which have collectively given
13104-496: The state of Goa , where it is used for replies, when requests are received in Marathi. It is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India , with 83 million speakers as of 2011. Marathi ranks 13th in the list of languages with most native speakers in the world . Marathi has the third largest number of native speakers in India, after Hindi and Bengali . The language has some of the oldest literature of all modern Indian languages. The major dialects of Marathi are Standard Marathi and
13230-441: The struggles of rural populations. The 1950s and 1960s are often considered the golden era of Marathi cinema, with filmmakers like V. Shantaram , Bhalji Pendharkar , Anant Mane , Raja Paranjape , and Raja Thakur creating impactful works. Notable actors of this period included Sulochana Latkar , Sandhya , Hansa Wadkar , Usha Kiran , Chandrakant Gokhale , Raja Gosavi , Suryakant Mandhare , and Ramesh Deo . Rising to fame in
13356-498: The sultans promoted use of Marathi in official documents. However, the Marathi language from the era is heavily Persianised in its vocabulary. The Persian influence continues to this day with many Persian derived words used in everyday speech such as bāg (Garden), kārkhānā (factory), shahar (city), bāzār (market), dukān (shop), hushār (clever), kāḡaḏ (paper), khurchi (chair), jamin (land), jāhirāt (advertisement), and hazār (thousand) Marathi also became language of administration during
13482-415: The superstars of Marathi cinema. Ashok Saraf featured in over 300 films, portraying a variety of leading roles, while Sachin gained widespread recognition for his film Ashi Hi Banwa Banwi , which became the first Marathi movie to gross 30 million at the box office. Mahesh Kothare is also credited for introducing the first cinemascope film, Dhadakebaaz , in 1990. Other notable personalities from
13608-514: The term " Dalit literature " was used for the first time, when the first conference of Maharashtra Dalit Sahitya Sangha (Maharashtra Dalit Literature Society) was held at Mumbai , a movement inspired by 19th century social reformer, Jyotiba Phule and eminent dalit leader, Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar . Baburao Bagul (1930–2008) was a pioneer of Dalit writings in Marathi. His first collection of stories, Jevha Mi Jat Chorali ( जेव्हा मी जात चोरली , " When I Stole My Caste "), published in 1963, created
13734-442: The theatre of Maharashtra earned recognition at the national level, the cinema failed to make a mark. A major reason was the proximity to the production centre of Hindi cinema ( Bollywood ), which encroached on the identity of Marathi cinema. Other reasons include the shortage of cinema halls for distribution due to poor marketing, a lack of money magnets, a vibrant theatre scene, and the emergence of private television. It also lacked
13860-399: The transformative nature of contemporary Marathi cinema, stating, "The kind of Marathi cinema that is being made today is very fresh and different. This is thanks to directors and writers getting exposed to world cinema via television and film festivals. They are coming up with new storylines and innovative concepts." With the outstanding contributions from various producers and directors within
13986-460: The turn of the millennium, there have been films based on social subjects and biographical dramas. Although the industry is much smaller than Bollywood (which is also based in Mumbai), Marathi cinema is tax free at the privilege of the government of Maharashtra, and is experiencing growth in recent years. Marathi cinema is the oldest film industry in India. Dadasaheb Phalke is widely considered
14112-472: The two islands made travel dangerous and thus a need for a causeway arose. The British East India Company , which governed Bombay at that time, refused to fund the project. This led Lady Jeejeebhoy , wife of the first baronet Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy , to donate the entire amount of ₹ 157,000/- on the condition that the government would not charge a toll for its use or disturb the Koli community who lived around
14238-490: The variation within these dialects is primarily lexical and phonological (e.g. accent placement and pronunciation). Although the number of dialects is considerable, the degree of intelligibility within these dialects is relatively high. Varhadi (Varhādi) (वऱ्हाडि) or Vaidarbhi (वैदर्भि) is spoken in the Western Vidarbha region of Maharashtra. In Marathi, the retroflex lateral approximant ḷ [ ɭ ]
14364-407: The visual culture so painfully evolved over the years. Ayodhyecha Raja (1932), directed by V. Shantaram was the first talkie of Maharashtra and also the first double version talkie of Indian cinema ; prior to it, all the movies were silent films with Marathi and English intertitles. It was released one year after the first sound film of the nation, Alam Ara (1931), and five years after
14490-459: The vocabulary was Persian, it dropped to 37% by 1677. His reign stimulated the deployment of Marathi as a tool of systematic description and understanding. Shivaji Maharaj commissioned one of his officials, Balaji Avaji Chitnis , to make a comprehensive lexicon to replace Persian and Arabic terms with their Sanskrit equivalents. This led to production of 'Rājavyavahārakośa', the thesaurus of state usage in 1677. Subsequent Maratha rulers extended
14616-511: The words are native. Vedic Sanskrit did have /ɭ, ɭʱ/ as well, but they merged with /ɖ, ɖʱ/ by the time of classical Sanskrit. The Kadamba script and its variants have been historically used to write Marathi in the form of inscriptions on stones and copper plates. The Marathi version of Devanagari , called Balbodh , is similar to the Hindi Devanagari alphabet except for its use for certain words. Some words in Marathi preserve
14742-676: Was again a company owned wholly by Maharashtrians , the Prabhat Film Company . Prabhat's Sant Tukaram (1936) was the first Indian work to win the Best Film Award at the Venice Film Festival in 1937. In 1954, at the very first edition of the National Awards, Shyamchi Aai won the first President's Gold Medal for Cinema. It was directed by Acharya P. K. Atre , and it was an adaptation of
14868-428: Was also India's first full-length feature film . The claim is disputed and some claim that Dadasaheb Torne 's Shree Pundalik (1912) was the first film made in Maharashtra. The first Marathi talkie film was Ayodhyecha Raja , released in 1932, one year after Alam Ara , the first Hindi talkie. All Marathi films until then were silent films with intertitles . Pinjara (1972), directed by V Shantaram ,
14994-540: Was an important base during the time of the British Empire. Other forts in Mumbai and Salsette Island include Sion , Worli , Sewri and Mazagaon . Fort St George was built in 1669, by the former Governor of Bombay, Gerald Aungier. Thomas Grantham then strengthened the fort's ramparts in 1684. In 1772, 111 years after Bombay was taken from them, the Portuguese attempted to attack this fort. The British replied fiercely with cannonballs. The Bandra church also bore
15120-1147: Was an unofficial remake of Hollywood cult classic slasher film Child's Play (1988). He introduced technological advancements, such as the fact that he was the first director who filmed his movie in CinemaScope , used chroma key technique and did wire-flying in Dhadakebaaz, used puppetry in Zapatlela, he filmed Zapatlela's sequel in 3D format , probably this film was the first ever sequel film made in Marathi cinema, and ventured into film genres such as horror comedy , thriller, and fantacy . Both Kothare and Pilgaonkar acted and directed their respective films; latter even sang many songs for his movies. Other directors also made entertaining movies during this period, including Bin Kamacha Navra (1984), Amhi Doghe Raja Rani (1986), Kalat Nakalat (1989), Chaukat Raja (1991), Ek Hota Vidushak (1992) and Sawat Mazi Ladki (1993) . Following
15246-472: Was first colour film in Marathi cinema. Kolhapur was a centre for film production during the 20th century, though currently, a majority of films are made in Mumbai. During Marathi cinema's infancy between the 1910s and 1930s, which only had silent films, the majority of films were made on Hindu mythological subjects. Later during the 1970s, films were made on rural stories. Between the 1980s and 1990s, comedy and thriller films started to flourish. Since
15372-752: Was introduced with Baji , the first film of its kind in Marathi cinema. In the late 2010s, historical films began to gain attraction, particularly through the works of director Digpal Lanjekar , who created a series titled Shri Shivraj Ashtak , focusing on the Maratha Empire . Deool , directed by Umesh Vinayak Kulkarni , made history by becoming the third Marathi film to win the National Film Award for Best Feature Film, following Shyaamchi Aai and Shwaas . Its sequel, Deool Band (2015), also garnered significant attention from audiences. Acclaimed director Dr. Jabbar Patel emphasized
15498-426: Was loosely inspired by Tamasha and featured a seductive heroine, a bumbling yet innocent hero, and dialogue filled with innuendo and sexual puns. Kondke's films, blending humor with social and political satire, became cult classics. Around the same time, Jabbar Patel's Samna (1974) marked a pivotal shift in Marathi cinema, offering a profound critique of systemic corruption and social inequities, further broadening
15624-665: Was the first Marathi film to gross over ₹100 crore (approximately $ 16 million) worldwide, solidifying its status as a cultural phenomenon. The decade saw directors such as Nagraj Manjule , Ravi Jadhav , Satish Rajwade , Aditya Sarpotdar and Sanjay Jadhav making significant contributions to the industry. The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on the Marathi film industry, as it did on cinema worldwide. With theaters closing and production halting, many films scheduled for release were postponed, leading to significant financial losses for filmmakers and production houses. Approximately 110 Marathi language films remained unreleased due to
15750-549: Was the second Marathi film to win the President's Medal after Shyamchi Aai (1950). In 2009, Harishchandrachi Factory (with a budget of Rs. 6 crore) told the struggle of Dadasaheb Phalke in making Raja Harishchandra (1913), directed by theatre-veteran Paresh Mokashi . It was selected as India's official entry to the Academy Award in the Best Foreign Language Film category, making it
15876-557: Was written by Mukundaraja , a Nath yogi and arch-poet of Marathi. Mukundaraja bases his exposition of the basic tenets of the Hindu philosophy and the yoga marga on the utterances or teachings of Shankaracharya . Mukundaraja's other work, Paramamrta, is considered the first systematic attempt to explain the Vedanta in the Marathi language Notable examples of Marathi prose are " Līḷācarītra " ( लीळाचरित्र ), events and anecdotes from
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