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57-456: Central stations emerged in the second half of the nineteenth century during what has been termed the "Railway Age". Initially railway stations were built on the edge of city centres but, subsequently, with urban expansion, they became an integral part of the city centres themselves. For example, the first centralized railway terminal in Germany was Hanover Hauptbahnhof , built in 1879. This set

114-560: A "central station" in respective cities. Sentral is the Malay spelling for the English word central . In South Korea, major railway stations of the city don't usually have additional names besides the name of the respective city, like these examples below. However, some stations do have a term 중앙(Jungang) (literally. Central) in their names to differentiate the original station. These stations are usually located in closer locations to

171-643: A 37-metre (121 ft) span. After the demolition of the nearly 30-year-old station building, the construction of the new station began in April 1877. It was opened on 22 June 1879 after 26 months of construction. Access to the platforms was via three tunnels and there were two more tunnels for the transport of luggage and for postal traffic. The system of tracks finished in 1883 comprised seven platform tracks and two central through tracks for freight trains. The train sheds consisted of two separate halls, each 37 m (121 ft) wide and 167.5 m (550 ft) long with

228-399: A 9.25 m (30 ft 4 in) wide space between them for the two through tracks. The construction cost 12.7 million marks for the buildings and 22.5 million marks for the entire station precinct. In 1910, a third hall was built between tracks 10 and 11. The new hall, made of steel, had a span of 27.5 m (90 ft 3 in) and a height of 15.3 m (50 ft 2 in) and

285-409: A common proper name for a railway station that is the central or primary railway hub for a city, for example, Manchester Central , which is not to be confused with those stations in which "Central" appears in name not because they were "central" in the sense above but because they were once served by railway companies with "Central" as part of their name. For example, Leicester Central railway station

342-414: A lack of centralised coherence in the construction of major stations. In time the urban expansion that put many of these stations at the heart of a city, also hemmed them in so that, although they became increasingly central to the town or city, they were further away from airports or, in some cases, other transport hubs such as bus stations leading to a lack of interoperability and interconnectivity between

399-570: A station originally owned by the Great Central Railway in locations served by more than one station was called Central . Town also appears: for example Edenbridge Town distinguishes it from Edenbridge station. One of the few principal stations in Britain that is called 'Central' and truly is in the centre of the city it serves is Glasgow Central . Though Glasgow was once served by four principal terminus stations, all within

456-413: A temporary building that served the line to Lehrte , was erected in 1843. Instead of building a monumental terminus, a through station was built along with the line, making it the first through station in a major German city. The first central station ( Central-Bahnhof ) was built from 1845 to 1847. Its architect is not certain, but it is sure that the far-sighted city architect August Heinrich Andreae

513-822: Is Hauptbahnhof (literally "main railway station"); historically Centralbahnhof and Zentralbahnhof were also used. Geographically central stations may be named Mitte or Stadtmitte ("city centre"), e.g. Koblenz Stadtmitte station . In most German cities with more than one passenger station , the principal station is usually the Hauptbahnhof ; some German sources translate this as "central station" although stations named Hauptbahnhof may not be centrally located. While using Hauptbahnhof in its journey planner and passenger information, in English-language publications Deutsche Bahn uses variously Hauptbahnhof, Main and Central. The following stations historically bore

570-415: Is a joint station ). The government-funded Amtrak took over the operation of all intercity passenger rail in the 1970s and 1980s. In Brazil, "Central Station" is called as "Estação Central" and can be a place that integrates bus or train. The stations in special and first classes , with numerous trunk lines passing and tens of thousands of passengers boarding and alighting each day, could be regarded as

627-401: Is also the most important public transport hub of the region of Hanover and it is served regional and S-Bahn services. The station has six platforms with twelve platform tracks, and two through tracks without platforms. Every day it is used by 250,000 passengers and 622 trains stop at the platforms (as of October 2012 ). About 2,000 people work here. The first station on the current site,

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684-410: Is an incomplete list of the world's railway operating companies listed alphabetically by continent and country. This list includes companies operating both now and in the past. In some countries, the railway operating bodies are not companies, but are government departments or authorities. Particularly in many European countries beginning in the late-1980s, with privatizations and the separation of

741-521: Is calld a banegård . However a city can have several banegårde as well as a hovedbanegård , and several cities and towns that have a banegård such as Aalborg do not have a hovedbanegård . Thus, Copenhagen Central Station is not the most central in Copenhagen, nor is it the most central that serves a broad range of routes, that would be Nørreport Station , which has been translated into English as Nørreport Metro Station. Copenhagen Central Station

798-511: Is however the most important, with its many more platforms and historic facilities (that has now been moved to other locations, in response to changed need from modern locomotives, wagons and coaches), and despite serving almost the same amount of regional and intercity trains as Nørreport, it allows for longer stops and with much more room for passengers to traverse the station along serving international trains. Two Finnish stations can be translated to central: The German word for "central station"

855-510: Is the terminus for several train services. The following stations are named "main station" (dworzec główny): The adjective "main" is thus not used only for stations in a few capitals of voivodeships, including: Białystok , Gorzów Wielkopolski , Katowice and Łódź . In Sweden the term "central station" ( Centralstation , abbreviated to Central or C ) is used to indicate the primary station in towns and cities with more than one railway station. Many are termini for one or more lines. However,

912-559: The Hanover Stadtbahn caused far-reaching alterations to the station. Since the entire station had to be operated during the reconstruction, construction was only possible by blocking tracks. Between July 1969 and the spring of 1973, a sixth platform was built on tracks 13 and 14. Upon completion, two tracks were blocked from 1970 to 1975, through which the Stadtbahn tunnel and an overlying pedestrian level were built. For this,

969-556: The Gambia , Guinea-Bissau , Mauritius , Niger , Rwanda , São Tomé and Príncipe , Seychelles , and Somalia .) Railway Operator Source: Urban Transit There are few private companies offering private carrying. Passenger services Freight only * Deutsche Bahn (DB AG - German Railways 1992-) de:Liste deutscher Eisenbahngesellschaften Passenger services Freight only Infrastructure managers A few Dutch railway stations are served, even for journeys within

1026-553: The air raids on Hanover in July and October 1943. Only the skeleton of the halls and the outer walls of the entrance building remained. It took four days to re-open one track. On 13 June 1945, passenger services ran for the first time after the war to Minden , Nienburg and Göttingen . On 14 August, passenger services were significantly expanded. Passenger services again ran from Hanover to Bremerhaven , Duisburg, Hamelin , Göttingen, Braunschweig and Uelzen . On 15 August 1946, Hanover

1083-403: The baggage platforms disappeared as baggage lifts were built on the passenger platforms. The middle entrance was widened, the side pedestrian tunnel was closed and the platforms received new canopies. Since 1957, signals and switches were controlled by a mechanical interlocking . In 1963, the fifth platform was extended on track 12 (tracks 5 and 6 were through tracks without platforms). Coming from

1140-408: The central pedestrian tunnel was blocked and access to the platforms was via the re-opened side tunnel. As part of this restructuring the through track 6 was shifted to lie between platform tracks 8 and 9, while the through track 5 (now 40) remained at the old place (now 80). Then the station was rebuilt. The platforms including the canopies were also renewed. The western Lister Meile underpass between

1197-412: The central tunnel was enlarged and opened to the platforms in order to allow in daylight; and passenger lifts to the platforms were installed. The conversion created a promenade in the station. Among other things, a 7,000 m (75,000 sq ft) shopping area was built in the entrance building after the relocation of the ticket office and the closure of the system for transporting baggage. Between

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1254-659: The city centre, only one was called 'Central'. With a few exceptions such as the Argyle line, Glasgow Central serves all stations south of the city while Glasgow Queen Street is the principal station for all services north of the city. Likewise, Cardiff Central is located in the city centre and is the mainline hub of the South Wales rail network, which includes 19 other stations in Cardiff itself, including another principal city centre station, Cardiff Queen Street . Not all

1311-606: The city centre. Also, there are Jungang metro stations which are named after the neighborhood name, Jungang-dong . Cape Town Bloemfontein Hanover Hauptbahnhof Hannover Hauptbahnhof ( German : Hanover central station ) is the main railway station for the city of Hanover in Lower Saxony , Germany . The railway junction is one of the 21 stations listed as a railway Category 1 station by DB Station&Service . It

1368-431: The city with a concentration of infrastructure but also with a diversified collection of buildings and open spaces" which makes them "one of the most complex social areas" of the city. This has drawn in railway business - freight and local industry using the marshalling yards - and commercial business - shops, cafes and entertainment facilities. The reinvigoration of central stations since the 1980s has been, in part, due to

1425-444: The city, 8 km (5.0 mi) of railway track were laid for a new rail network that was grade-separated from the street system. In addition, the new station had a long system of tracks. After preparatory work in 1873 to relocate the workshops to Leinhausen and the marshalling yards to Hainholz and the construction of freight diversion routes, construction of the core network, which still exists, began in 1875. The new station building

1482-401: The different modes of transport. A revival of fortunes for central stations arose during the 1980s, boosted by the advent of high speed rail and light rail services, that saw opportunities being seized for upgrading central stations and their facilities to create large intermodal transport hubs simultaneously serving many modes of transport, while providing a range of modern facilities for

1539-460: The main post office and the parcel post office located on Raschplatz was connected by long ramps for the transport of baggage and mail to the platforms. With the introduction of the Intercity network in 1971, Hanover became a transfer hub, where it was possible to change between IC trains on the same platform. A passenger information system with information displays on the stairways and platforms

1596-534: The manufacturer, it was the largest and most advanced electronic interlocking in the world in August 1998. The station was the most important node in Deutsche Bahn network in the summer 1996 timetable, with 398 arrivals and departures of regularly scheduled long-distance trains each day. The station was again completely rebuilt for Expo 2000 : the entrance building was gutted to the outer walls and rebuilt;

1653-765: The most important station in Zürich is Zürich Hauptbahnhof , which is sometimes translated as central station . Additionally, Basel SBB railway station was originally known as the Centralbahnhof or, in English, Basle Central Station and is still sometimes referred to today as the Centralbahnhof or Basel/Basle Central Station. Many railway stations in Britain that use 'Central' are not principal stations, and are called Central to distinguish them from other stations with different names, or for prestige. In some cases,

1710-508: The name Centralbahnhof or Zentralbahnhof as part of their proper name (See Centralbahnhof ): In the Netherlands, a centraal station (abbreviated CS), in its original sense, was a railway station served by several railway companies; so it had the same meaning as a union station in the USA. Since the various private railways were merged in the early 20th century into a national railway,

1767-414: The name Centraal; this applies to Arnhem. Breda was intended to receive the epithet after renovation in 2016, but since high speed services do not yet call there, it is still called Breda. Non-railway signage, such as on buses or roads, sometimes indicates Centraal or CS even when a city's main railway station is not actually so named. Eight stations have the word Centraal : There are also stations with

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1824-435: The native name, but tourist, travel and railway operator websites as well as the English publications of some national railway operators often use "Central Station" or "central railway station" instead. Non-English names for "Central Station" include: Non-English terms that literally mean "principal station" or "main station" are often translated into English as "Central": The following are examples of stations from around

1881-412: The precedent for other major German cities. Frankfurt followed in 1888 and Cologne in the 1890s. Classic German central railway station architecture "reached its zenith" with the completion of Hamburg Hauptbahnhof in 1906 and Leipzig Hauptbahnhof in 1915. In Europe, it was normal for the authorities to exercise greater control over railway development than in Britain and this meant that the central station

1938-477: The railway line through the urban area by a height of 4.5 m (15 ft). The old station building was demolished in 1875. The route built between 1875 and 1879 became the model for the Berlin Stadtbahn and similar projects in other German cities. In 1876, a yard for general freight was established at Weidendamm. As the first station was built at street level and therefore hindered the expansion of

1995-401: The rise of high speed rail services. But countries have taken different approaches. France gave greater weight to 'peripheral stations', stations external to cities and new high speed lines. Germany and Italy went for the modification of existing lines and central stations. Spain opted for a hybrid approach with new high speed railway lines using existing central stations. "Central Station" is

2052-501: The same time, the approaches to the station were changed: in the west an additional pair of tracks was built south of the existing tracks for the S-Bahn track to Lehrte and in the east an additional track was built to the north of the existing tracks. Hannover Hauptbahnhof is served by some 622 trains daily, excluding the Hanover Stadtbahn and tramway. Hannover Hauptbahnhof connects the north-south ICE lines from Hamburg to Munich with

2109-412: The south, electrification of the tracks reached Hannover Hauptbahnhof on 26 May 1963. Electrification was extended to Lehrte on 20 December 1963 and to Bremen on 14 December 1964. The connection to Hamburg was electrified at the end of 1964 and the two tracks to Celle were electrified on 6 April 1965. The overhead line from Lehrte via Brunswick to Helmstedt was not completed until 1976. The construction of

2166-491: The station forecourt, the Ernst-August-Platz. A wooden platform area was built next to the entrance building and on each side of the two tracks. That was enough for the first traffic because the still short trains running to the east and the west stopped at the same platform. There were no through trains initially. The first through train ran from 1 May 1851 between Berlin and Cologne . The first railway workshop

2223-672: The stations in the following list still exist. In the United States, several "Central" stations were built by railways called "Central", the best known example being Grand Central Station in New York City , which is so named because it was built by the New York Central Railroad . This contrasts with a union station , which, in the past, served more than one railway company (the equivalent term in Europe

2280-657: The summer of 2004 and the spring of 2006, the passageway in the basement was extensively modernised and adapted to become part of the Niki-de-Saint-Phalle-Promenade from Kröpcke to Raschplatz. There is a wide variety of outlets in the 20,000 m (215,000 sq ft) of retail space on two levels, and most stores are open to 10   pm on weekdays. The Hanover S-Bahn was opened on 28 May 2000. Platforms 1 and 2 now serve S-Bahn services towards H-Bismarckstraße and Wunstorf and platforms 13 and 14 serve S-Bahn services towards Lehrte and Celle. At

2337-438: The term came to mean, in everyday language, the main railway station of a city. Since the 2000s, the rule is that a city's principal station may be called "Centraal" if it has more than a certain number of passengers per day (currently 40.000). This meant that Almere Centraal had to be demoted to "Almere Centrum"; however, Leiden was renamed "Leiden Centraal". Additionally, stations with international high-speed trains may be given

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2394-446: The term can also occur in a broader sense, even being used for the only railway station in a town. In some cases, this is because other stations have closed; but in others the station is called "central" even though there has only ever been one. In these cases, the term "central" was used to highlight the level of service provided, due to the station's importance in the network, particularly at important railway junctions . As in Germany,

2451-468: The town: In addition to the above, Praha Masarykovo nádraží was named "Praha střed" from 1953 until 1990. Two Danish stations, as follows, have names often translated as "Central". Both stations bear the title of Hovedbanegård in Danish, which literally translated means main-(rail)way-yard, but which actually refers to the infrastructure complexity, size and importance. A station of lesser importance

2508-576: The track ownership and management from running the trains, there are now many track -only companies and train-only companies. Due to civil war , a significant portion of the railway system of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is not presently functioning. TransNamib (There are no railways in Burundi , Cape Verde , Central African Republic , Chad , Comoros , Equatorial Guinea ,

2565-634: The traveller, creating a "city within a city." Today, central stations, particularly in Europe, act as termini for a multitude of rail services - suburban, regional, domestic and international - provided by national carriers or private companies, on conventional rail networks, underground railways and tram systems. These services are often divided between several levels. In many cases, central railway stations are collocated with bus stations as well as taxi services. Central railway stations are not just major transportation nodes but may also be "a specific section of

2622-554: The west–east lines from Dortmund and Cologne towards Berlin . The station is served by the following services: IC 24 Hannover Hauptbahnhof is served by all S-bahn services. It is in Zone 1 of Hanover. Hannover Hauptbahnhof is served by all A, B and D lines. It is the terminus of line 8 and the event line 18. The station is the only one on the Hanover Stadtbahn where one can change from A to B line via Cross-platform interchange . List of railway companies This

2679-591: The word Centrum , which indicates the station is in the city centre: The designation "main station" ( Dworzec główny , abbreviated to " Gł.") is used in many Polish cities to indicate the most important passenger or goods station, for instance Szczecin Główny . However, there is an exception: Warszawa Centralna railway station is the principal station in Warsaw , but Warszawa Główna railway station (reopened in March 2021)

2736-508: The world where "Central Station" is part of their name in English or can be translated as such from their native language. Three stations in Belgium are named "-Central" (Dutch Centraal ). There are three stations with "central" in their names: The following stations are named "main station" ( hlavní nádraží , abbreviated hl.n. ): The following stations are named "střed", indicating their central location between other stations serving

2793-563: Was again served for the first time after the war by the Nord Express running from Paris by Berlin and thus reconnected to the international long-distance network. After the severe bomb damage, the reconstruction of the entrance building began in the summer of 1948, resulting in a facade with newly designed interiors and the remaining steel work of the roofs of the old halls was removed and the platforms were covered by temporary wooden canopies. The platforms were rebuilt from 1959 to 1961 and

2850-540: Was built opposite the station building. In 1853, the opening of the first section of the Southern Railway to Alfeld , Göttingen and Kassel made the through station into a railway junction. A marshalling yard was established in Hainholz to relieve the station in 1868. The increasingly dense traffic on the railway created a problem since the railway line cut through the city. It was decided in 1873 to raise

2907-615: Was built to a design by municipal architect Möller. Of particular operational significance for the Hanover–Hamburg railway was the completion of the Hasenbahn ( lit.   ' rabbit line ' ) – a branch line planned in 1913 from the Heath Railway from Langenhagen via Großburgwedel to Celle : from May 1938 trains could run directly between Hamburg and southern Germany without running through Lehrte ; it

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2964-570: Was designed by Hubert Oswald Stier in the Renaissance Revival style. It was again a symmetrical building with a main hall and two wings, each of which was completed by a corner building. The eastern corner building with its Kaiserzimmer ( lit.   ' Emperor's room ' ) had a separate driveway. The building was designed in yellow brick with red brick stripes and a sandstone base. The four platforms with seven platform tracks and two through tracks were spanned by two halls with

3021-603: Was installed in the spring of 1988. With a total of 323 arrivals and departures of regularly scheduled long-distance trains, the station was the fourth most-important junction in the Deutsche Bundesbahn network in the summer 1989 timetable. Construction began on Deutsche Bahn's largest electronic interlocking to date in 1993. The system, which cost about 100 million marks , was designed to control about 5,000 trains and shunting movements each day, 279 sets of points and 535 signals by ten dispatchers. According to

3078-577: Was involved in selecting its specific location and that the Hanoverian court architect Georg Ludwig Friedrich Laves and Ferdinand Schwarz contributed to it. It was built in a romantic- neoclassical style as a strictly symmetrical building. The massive masonry was covered in yellow plaster. Laves planned a new district, the Ernst-August-Stadt, for the area between Georgstraße and the railway. Roads led from several directions and converged on

3135-479: Was no longer necessary for trains to reverse in Hanover. In the timetable of summer 1939, Hanover station had a total of 144 scheduled long-distance arrivals and departures. It was the most important junctions on Deutsche Reichsbahn ’s long-distance network after the terminal stations of Berlin, Cologne, Frankfurt am Main and the main stations of Leipzig and Duisburg . The station was largely destroyed during

3192-408: Was often the focal point of town planning. "Indeed, in most large continental cities the station was deliberately fronted by a square to set it off." During the 1880s "world leadership in large station design passed to Germany, where state funding helped secure the building of central stations on a lavish scale." By contrast, British entrepreneurialism led to a great diversity of ownership and rights and

3249-578: Was owned by the Great Central Railway , and Central Station (Chicago) was owned by the Illinois Central Railroad . When translating foreign station names, "Central Station" is commonly used if the literal meaning of the station's name is "central station", "principal station" or "main station". An example of the last is the Danish word hovedbanegård . Travel and rail sources such as Rough Guides , Thomas Cook European Timetable and Deutsche Bahn 's passenger information generally use

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