Condorcet methods
25-665: Makabayang Koalisyon ng Mamamayan ( lit. ' Patriotic Coalition of the People ' ) or simply Makabayan is a coalition of twelve party-lists in the House of Representatives of the Philippines . It was founded on April 16, 2009. The founding assembly was held at UP Theatre, Diliman, Quezon City . As of 2024, four party-lists are fielding candidates under the Makabayan bloc: The following partylists have also ran under
50-625: A "ballot paper". The word ballot is used for an election process within an organization (such as a trade union "holding a ballot" of its members). The word ballot comes from Italian ballotta , meaning a "small ball used in voting" or a "secret vote taken by ballots" in Venice , Italy. In ancient Greece , citizens used pieces of broken pottery to scratch in the name of the target of the ostracism . The first use of paper ballots to conduct an election appears to have been in Rome in 139 BC, following
75-496: A ballot. The "butterfly ballot" used in the Palm Beach County, Florida 2000 U.S. presidential election (a ballot paper that has names down both sides, with a single column of punch holes in the center, which has been likened to a maze ) led to widespread allegations of mismarked ballots. The ballot was designed to have a larger print, making it easier for the elderly voters of Palm Beach to read, but instead, it led to
100-470: A box, on the printed ballot next to their chosen option, similar to many standardized tests. Voters with disabilities may be provided with electronic ballot marking devices . Alternatively, voters could pick from one pre-marked ballot among many (similarly to the paper ballot systems in Israel and France ), which would then be scanned by an optical scanner. Tabulating machines count the ballots either after
125-416: A high rate of inaccuracy related to the incomplete removal of the perforated chad and the inaccessibility to voters with disabilities. In a jurisdiction using a mechanical voting system, often called a "voting machine", voters choose by pulling a lever next to their choice. There is a printed list of candidates, parties and referendums next to the levers indicating which lever is assigned to which choice. When
150-461: A physical ballot, or are getting old. In a jurisdiction using an electronic direct record voting system (DRE), voters choose by pushing a button next to a printed list of candidates and referendums, or by touching the candidate or referendums box on a touchscreen interface, or (as in Brazil ) by inputting alphanumeric codes that correspond to candidates or positions. As the voter makes a selection,
175-434: A widely accepted best practice for election administration. After voters register their choices on the touchscreen, a paper ballot is created with the choices printed on it. The voter visually verifies that the choices are correct, then inserts the paper ballot into a secure box where ballots are accumulated for use in audits or recounts. As of the 2024 US general election, only 1.4 percent of voters use DRE machines without
200-415: Is a grouping of candidates for election, usually found in proportional or mixed electoral systems, but also in some plurality electoral systems . An electoral list can be registered by a political party (a party list ) or can constitute a group of independent candidates. Lists can be open , in which case electors have some influence over the ranking of the winning candidates, or closed , in which case
225-586: Is a ranked list of candidates nominated by parties at the state level, used in Germany's mixed-member proportional (MMP) system to allocate seats based on the party's share of the second vote ( Zweitstimme ). Ballot paper A ballot is a device used to cast votes in an election and may be found as a piece of paper or a small ball used in voting . It was originally a small ball (see blackballing ) used to record decisions made by voters in Italy around
250-628: The Criminal Investigation and Detection Group filed charges of two counts of cyberlibel (violation of the Republic Act No. 10175 ) against an incumbent and three former Makabayan representatives , former Bayan Muna Rep. Carlos Isagani Zarate and three leaders of the Gabriela Women's Party , Rep. Arlene Brosas , spokesperson Luzviminda Ilagan , and Liza Maza , after the four allegedly made statements accusing
275-814: The Philippine National Police of red-tagging and planting of evidence. The case stemmed from a CIDG operation on that month to implement a 2015 arrest warrant against an individual for murder. The Department of Justice , in a resolution dated May 12, 2022 but only publicized in September, dismissed the charges for lack of merit. Party-list Positional voting Cardinal voting Quota-remainder methods Approval-based committees Fractional social choice Semi-proportional representation By ballot type Pathological response Strategic voting Paradoxes of majority rule Positive results An electoral list
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#1732801974275300-571: The casual vacancy in a list-PR system is typically filled by the highest-ranked candidate on the departed representative's list who was not already elected. For personal or party-strategic reasons, this person may choose to cede the place to a lower-ranked colleague. Replacement lists are sometimes used to fill casual vacancies in single transferable vote electoral systems. An example is European Parliament elections in Ireland since 1984 . In New Zealand's mixed-member proportional (MMP) system ,
325-579: The "party list" refers to the closed list of candidates nominated by a registered party for election to the New Zealand Parliament . Voters cast two votes: one for an electorate candidate and one for the party at large. The "party vote" generally determines the overall distribution of seats in Parliament, with candidates from the party list being elected based on their ranking on the list. The state list ( German : Landesliste )
350-401: The 16th century. Each voter uses one ballot, and ballots are not shared. In the simplest elections, a ballot may be a simple scrap of paper on which each voter writes in the name of a candidate , but governmental elections use pre-printed ballots to protect the secrecy of the votes . The voter casts their ballot in a box at a polling station . In British English, this is usually called
375-481: The DRE creates an electronic ballot stored by in the memory components of the system. After the polls close, the system counts the votes and reports the totals to the election officials. Many DREs include a communication device to transmit vote totals to a central tabulator. The touchscreen systems are similar to an automated teller machine (ATM). Most DRE voting machines in the U.S. now include an auditable paper ballot ,
400-547: The ballot next each choice, sometimes with tools as simple as a pin, but usually with a ballot marking device such as the Votomatic. The ballot may be preprinted with candidates and referendums, or may be a generic ballot placed under a printed list of candidates and referendums. Tabulating machines count ballots after the polls close. Officials may manually count the ballots in the event of a dispute. Punched card voting systems are being replaced by other voting systems because of
425-498: The ballots are preprinted with names of candidates and the text of the referendums. Japan is an exception, requiring voters to write candidate names on the ballot. Election officials manually count the ballots after the polls close and may recount them in the event of a dispute. In a jurisdiction using an optical scan voting system , voters choose by filling an oval, by completing an arrow, or (as in South Korea ) by stamping
450-640: The bloc: In 2016, the Commission on Elections disqualified the Akap Bata and Katribu partylists for failure to acquire the necessary votes. In 2024, COMELEC delisted and canceled the registration of Anakpawis ahead of the 2025 Philippine general election for "failing to obtain at least two (20) percent of votes cast for the party-list system and failed to obtain a seat in the last two (2) preceding elections." Makabayan also includes organizations that are not political parties, including: In November 2021,
475-432: The committee's work. The committee's proposed list may then be changed in a selection meeting, where new candidates may be added, or existing candidates may be moved or removed from the list. When the internal process is over, the final list is made public. The list may be printed on the ballot paper cast by voters at the election, or on a separate voter information paper. When an elected representative vacates their seat,
500-734: The introduction of the lex Gabinia tabellaria . In ancient India , around 920 AD, in Tamil Nadu , palm leaves were used for village assembly elections. The palm leaves with candidate names were put inside a mud pot for counting. This was called Kudavolai system. The first use of paper ballots in America was in 1629 within the Massachusetts Bay Colony to select a pastor for the Salem Church. Paper ballots were pieces of paper marked and supplied by voters. Before
525-657: The introduction of the secret ballot , American political parties distributed ballots listing their own candidates for party supporters to deposit in ballot boxes. Depending on the type of voting system used in the election, different ballots may be used. Ranked ballots allow voters to rank candidates in order of preference, while ballots for first-past-the-post systems only allow voters to select one candidate for each position. In party-list systems, lists may be open or closed . Ballot design can aid or inhibit clarity in an election. Poor designs lead to confusion and potentially chaos if large numbers of voters spoil or mismark
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#1732801974275550-408: The names of candidates being alternately offset, with lines on both sides of each punch hole, creating confusion. The butterfly ballot is credited with tipping the 2000 U.S. presidential election to George W. Bush. In a jurisdiction using an all-paper system, voters choose by marking a ballot or, as in the case of Israel and France , picking one premarked ballot among many. In most jurisdictions
575-581: The order of candidates is fixed at the registration of the list. Electoral lists are required for party-list proportional representation systems. An electoral list is made according to the applying nomination rules and election rules . Depending on the type of election, a political party , a general assembly , or a board meeting, may elect or appoint a nominating committee that will add, and if required, prioritize list-candidates according to their preferences. Qualification, popularity, gender, age, geography, and occupation are preferences that may influence
600-410: The polls close or as the voters feed the ballots into the machine, in which case the results are not known until after the polls close. Officials will often manually count any ballots that cannot be read or with a write-in candidate and may recount all ballots in the event of a dispute. In a jurisdiction using a punched card system , voters choose by removing or "punching out" a perforated chad from
625-489: The voter pulls a lever, it turns a connected gear in the machine, which turns a counter wheel. Each counter wheel shows a number, which is the number of votes cast using that lever. After the polls close, election officials check the wheels' positions and record the totals. No physical ballot is used in this system, except when the voter chooses to write-in a candidate. Other systems are replacing mechanical voting systems because they are inaccessible to disabled voters, do not have
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