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73-428: In 1870, Henry Perrine Baldwin his wife, Emily Alexander Baldwin, and their children joined the church. Henry served as organist for over forty years. Baldwin and his brother-in-law became wealthy co-founders of Alexander & Baldwin . On January 5, 1878, Rev. Green died; Asenath Green would maintain the church until she died in 1894, and then daughters Mary and Laura. His son Joseph Porter Green (1833–1886) served at

146-543: A New England style white frame structure, was dedicated on March 10, 1889. The Pāʻia Community House, finished in hardwood on the inside, was built in 1914 adjacent to the church. The Community House, with its large auditorium and 40-foot (12 m) deep stage was used for plays, operettas, school graduations, concerts, lectures, silent movies and dances. The site of the old church, 20°51′42″N 156°18′46″W  /  20.86167°N 156.31278°W  / 20.86167; -156.31278  ( Makawao Cemetery ) became

219-564: A biography of his father. He became a lieutenant of field artillery in World War I and died in 1954. Son Frank Fowler Baldwin was born March 30, 1878, attended Yale but left in 1898. He started work as a field worker and eventually became President of Kahului Railroad in 1910, and of the Hawaiian Commercial Company (HC&S) when Henry Perrine died. In 1948 Frank combined HC&S with Maui Agricultural Company for

292-435: A combined 25,454 acres (10,301 ha). He died February 6, 1960. Daughters Maud Mansfield (Baldwin) Cooke (1872–1961) and Charlotte (Baldwin) Rice (1884–1938) married descendants of other missionaries, Joseph Platt Cooke (1870–1918), and Harold Waterhouse Rice, who also were in the sugar business. Cooke was grandson of Amos Starr Cooke and nephew of businessman Samuel Gardner Wilder . Youngest son Samuel Alexander Baldwin

365-517: A cougar, many minks, and a large black bear that Alexander purchased from a farmer. After numerous expeditions in Alaska, Alexander had amassed a large collection of both flora and fauna. Moved by the notion that she needed to preserve the wildlife that she saw as rapidly disappearing from the western United States, Alexander proposed and financed a new museum in California. The goal of the museum

438-498: A higher resolution use the links below. The UCMP also has photos from a trip that a retiree took to Nevada to capture "then and now" photos. For a closer look at Alexander and Kelloggs relationship, the Bancroft Library at University of California, Berkeley also has a collection of archival work that uncovers the hidden history of people affiliated with the campus. Alexander and Kellogg are featured and remembered as "one of

511-501: A holding company for many other ventures, including shipping line Matson Navigation Company . In 1899 he supervised another irrigation project at Kihei . In 1903 he built another house called Maluhia at a higher elevation near Olinda, Hawaii surrounded by fruit trees. Keahua Ranch Company in 1909 became the Maui Pineapple Company . In 1905, he became an owner of The Maui News . His descendants continued to own

584-582: A job as foreman (called luna ) of the Waiheʻe plantation, owned by Christopher H. Lewers, under the management of Samuel Thomas Alexander . In 1867, he traveled to the West Coast of the United States. In 1869, Baldwin and Alexander became business partners and bought 12 acres (49,000 m ) in the eastern Maui ahupuaʻa (ancient land division) called Hāmākua Poko. (This is not to be confused with

657-753: A location until Merriam proposed a trip to Shasta County where they could collect Triassic vertebrate fossils to which Alexander agreed. Three weeks before departure, Merriam convinced Alexander to instead go to Fossil Lake in south-central Oregon. This dry and arid region had been explored previously beginning in the 1870s and would prove a fruitful location for Alexander. Alexander was attended by Herbert Furlong and William Greeley , two of Merriam's students who were chosen to provide assistance and expertise for her. They planned their route from Northern California up to Fossil Lake and then headed West to Crater Lake before heading back to California. Other participants included Ernest, an African American wagon driver and cook, and

730-418: A major problem with farming former dry forests was their wide extremes in precipitation. After a quick tropical downpour the intense sun can cause enormous growth. But there are often years with little or no rain at all in some places. Baldwin said one day during a drought he knelt down in the field and prayed for rain. It came, and he promised that if he ever became successful, he would make sure he would build

803-799: A nurse. She soon left the program when she found that studying the required medical textbooks brought on another bout of headaches and vision problems. Her father left the business to others and took Annie, her sister Martha, and a cousin on a 1,500-mile bicycle trip through Europe in 1893. In 1896 Alexander and her uncle explored the South Pacific stopping in Hong Kong, China, and Singapore. On that same trip, they also explored Java , Samoa , and New Zealand. In 1899 she went camping in Oregon with her friend Martha Beckwith and then went with her father to Bermuda . Alexander's passion for paleontology

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876-422: A picture, Samuel was hit by a boulder tossed down from workers above that crushed his foot. Her father died a day later on September 10 after receiving an emergency amputation. The death of her father had a profound effect on shaping her career as a naturalist. In personal letters after his death, Alexander expressed a need to find a distraction that would prevent her from thinking about the loss of her father. It

949-402: A rancher on Maui. He died October 30, 1943. Arthur Douglas Baldwin was born April 8, 1876, graduated from Yale and then Harvard Law School 1898–1891 He moved to Cleveland, Ohio and practised law in his firm Garfield McGregor & Baldwin. His law partner James Rudolph Garfield was son of President James A. Garfield . He married Reba Louise Williams in 1902 and had five children. He wrote

1022-777: A significant collection of fossils and exotic game animals that she would later donate to the museum. Alexander is remembered by the University of California, Berkeley as one of the "builders of Berkeley" and as the benefactress of the museum. Annie Montague Alexander was born December 29, 1867, in Honolulu during the Kingdom of Hawaii . She was the granddaughter of New England missionaries in Maui . Her father Samuel Thomas Alexander and her uncle Henry Perrine Baldwin were founders of Alexander & Baldwin . Her mother Martha Cooke

1095-449: A suitable monument. Alexander was more practical: his father had taught at Lahainaluna School where irrigation ditches had been used for small private gardens since the times of ancient Hawaii . Alexander noticed the rainforests on the eastern ( windward ) side of the island and upper slopes of Haleakalā received much more rainfall. The terrain in that area was too rough to plant, but they reasoned an aqueduct could bring water to

1168-580: A young boy named Willis. Alexander also invited her friend Mary Wilson. The trip lasted from May 30 to August 13 and they returned with nearly 300 pounds in fossils. This expedition was organized by John C. Merriam and financed by Alexander though she did not attend because she was currently on an expedition to Fossil Lake. Shasta County had captured attention from California Paleontologists in 1893 after James Perrin Smith (of Stanford ) searched for ammonites . Though he did find ammonites, he also returned with

1241-556: Is called the "Henry Perrine Baldwin Memorial Church". Many Baldwin family members are buried in the Makawao Cemetery near him. William Hyde Rice (son of William Harrison Rice and father of Harold W. Rice who married Charlotte Baldwin) and Henry Alexander Baldwin were among the notable speakers. Notes Annie Montague Alexander Botany Annie Montague Alexander (29 December 1867 - 10 September 1950)

1314-534: Is located at 1445 Baldwin Avenue, Makawao, Hawaii , 20°53′32″N 156°21′3″W  /  20.89222°N 156.35083°W  / 20.89222; -156.35083 . The church cemetery is located 3.9 miles southeast of the church, in the 3300 block of Baldwin Avenue (@20.861218,-156.311417.) Notable people buried there include the original missionary family: Theodosia Arnold Green, 1859, Jonathan Smith Green, 1878, and Ansenath Cargill Green, 1894. Harry Baldwin, 1946

1387-530: Is part of that acreage, now used for tourism. Henry Baldwin hired Louis von Tempsky to manage Haleakala ranch in 1899, and Louis' daughter Armine von Tempski (1892–1943) wrote several novels and an autobiography about life on the Baldwin ranch. In 1889 the McKinley Tariff act raised tariffs on sugar exported to the U.S. market, and its price dropped to two cents a pound. Baldwin took advantage of

1460-515: The Hāmākua district of Hawaiʻi island .) In 1870, they bought another 559 acres (2.26 km ) and planted sugarcane. Baldwin had gone into debt to buy the land. They lived in an area called "Sunnyside" near the small Paliuli Sugar Mill, which had been built on the edge of Rainbow Gulch 20°53′32″N 156°21′3″W  /  20.89222°N 156.35083°W  / 20.89222; -156.35083  ( Paliuli ) by Robert Hind. Alexander managed

1533-998: The Kalaupapa Leprosy Settlement . He introduced a bill proposing to outlaw employment of children under 13, but it was defeated. He was a member of the controlling Reform Party, which evolved into the Hawaii Republican Party . He generally opposed the ruling King Kalākaua , but never expressed support for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1893. He gave the speech nominating Prince Jonah Kūhiō Kalanianaʻole for Congressional delegate in 1902. He married Emily Whitney Alexander (1846–1943), sister of his business partner Samuel Alexander, on April 5, 1870. His sister Abigail Charlette Baldwin had married Samuel's brother William DeWitt Alexander (1847–1912) in 1861. Their first son Henry Alexander Baldwin (1871–1946), known as "Harry", became manager of

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1606-849: The Old Maui High School was built on the Mahakuapoka plantation land. Henry Perrine Baldwin High School was named for him in Wailuku, Hawaii in 1934. The former superintendent's residence of a Hawaiian Commercial & Sugar Company sugar mill in Puʻunēnē is now the Alexander & Baldwin Sugar Museum. A Baldwin park is near the mill. In 1916 another new Makawao Union Church was built of concrete with stone veneer and

1679-700: The Sierra de la Laguna mountains. In 1949, before planned her winter trip to Hawaii, Alexander had a stroke and remained in a coma until she died on September 10, 1950, just before her 83rd birthday. Alexander's ashes were returned to Hawaii and were buried at the Makawao Cemetery , Maui near her childhood home. By the time of her death, Alexander had explored and collected in Oregon, Alaska, Hawaii, Vancouver Island, California, Nevada, Arizona, Utah, New Mexico, Texas, and Mexico. Throughout her affiliation with U.C. Berkeley , Alexander wished to remain anonymous asking for her donations to be marked as given by "a friend of

1752-593: The West Humboldt Mountain Range located in northwestern Nevada. The expedition lasted only a few months but they returned with many of the finest specimens of ichthyosaur found at that time. During many of her expeditions, Alexander kept a scrapbook containing photos of landscapes, participants, and fossil finds. In her scrapbook from the Saurian Expedition , Annie included photos of herself and Edna Wemple documenting their work in

1825-543: The " Big Five " corporations that dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii . Baldwin was born on August 29, 1842, in Lahaina, Hawaii . His father was American Christian missionary Dwight Baldwin (1798–1886), and his mother was Charlotte Fowler Baldwin . He was named after Matthew LaRue Perrine (1777-1836), professor at Auburn Theological Seminary, from which his father had graduated shortly before his departure to

1898-402: The 17-mile (27 km) Hamakua ditch while recovering from his injury. Sugar competitor Claus Spreckels had obtained another lease from the Kingdom government, so unless Baldwin completed his system by September 30, 1878, the water would go to Spreckels. Besides actual ditches lined with clay, sluices and siphons were used to cross several steep canyons. Baldwin would lower himself down into

1971-750: The Haiku Sugar Company, which was merged with other plantations to become the Maui Agricultural Company in 1921. Harry was very active in politics, including serving as delegate to the United States House of Representatives from the Territory of Hawaii . Son William Dwight Baldwin was born October 25, 1873, graduated from Yale in 1897, and then Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1901. He returned in 1905 to practice medicine in Honolulu until 1914 when he became

2044-586: The Hawaii Commercial and Sugar Company. Spreckels also controlled the sugar refinery in California used for most Hawaiian sugar. Eventually Spreckels would sell out in 1898 and Baldwin would become a partner, and merge Haiku and Paia sugar companies into it. Baldwin managed HC&S personally from 1902 to 1906. In 1887 he traveled to England with brother-in-law Samuel Mills Damon to see the Golden Jubilee of Queen Victoria . In 1888 he offered

2117-487: The Hawaiian Islands. He attended Punahou School in Honolulu and returned to Maui to become a farmer. First he tried to manage William DeWitt Alexander 's rice plantation, but that failed. Instead by 1863 he went to work for his brother David (also called Dwight Baldwin, Jr) who had started a small sugarcane farm. He hoped to earn enough money to go to medical school, but never left the sugar industry. He took

2190-670: The Kahului Railroad allowed the sugar to travel by train to the growing port of Kahului . In 1882 Alexander moved to Oakland, California and enrolled his children in the schools there. Baldwin and his family also visited California but returned in 1883 and he became manager of the Haiku plantation. He built another house near the former Haiku mill and started buying shares of the business. Spreckels used his vast financial resources to bring German Engineer Hermann Schussler to build his own irrigation system from 1878 to 1880, forming

2263-594: The Maui community. Henry Perrine Baldwin had an operation for appendicitis in January 1909 and traveled to California in the summer of 1911. He died a few days after returning on July 8, 1911. David Thomas Fleming (1881–1955) was manager of Baldwin's Honolua Ranch where he planted pineapple in 1912. Fleming converted the cattle ranch to a pineapple plantation. This was the beginning of Maui Land & Pineapple Company , an industry that continued until 2009. In 1913

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2336-496: The West Coast had a museum of natural history. Grinnell proposed a museum at Stanford but Alexander stood her ground and she pushed for a museum at the University of California, Berkeley where her passion for paleontology had flourished. Grinnell proposed the name Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and he was named by Alexander as the permanent choice of director. Grinnell held this position until he died in 1939. While waiting for

2409-655: The cemetery. Later the Maui Veteran's Cemetery was built adjacent to the church cemetery. A native Hawaiian pastor John Kalama served at both Makawao and Poʻokela until his death in 1896. The original building stood until about 1900. The "Daily Bulletin Newspaper, Honolulu Oct 2, 1889 pg3 Announced the purchase of a new pipe organ built for the church, by the NY firm of Roosevelt. A small organ of one manual/pedal & 6 speaking stops. This being purchased, by Baldwin while he

2482-538: The church, and was elected to the legislature of the Hawaiian Kingdom in 1860. In 1888, Baldwin offered the church a site for a new building, on the foundation of the former Paliuli Sugar Mill near what is now called Rainbow Gulch and Rainbow County Park. The mill was named for Pali uli (literally "green cliff"), the place in Hawaiian mythology roughly equivalent to the garden of Eden . This church,

2555-657: The expedition to southeastern Alaska included Alexander, Joseph S. Dixon, Chase Littlejohn, Frank Stephens and, Kate Stephens . In 1910, Alexander embarked on a trip north to British Columbia with Louise Kellogg to expand upon the research they had done in Alaska. While there, Alexander enlisted the help of a local trapper named Edward Despard who was tasked with finding mink, marten, raccoons, otters, and beavers. While Despard hunted on his own, Alexander and Kellogg remained together looking for smaller mammals and birds. Together Alexander and Kellogg found 75 song sparrows. The women returned to California with 137 specimens including

2628-618: The family businesses. She attended Punahou School for one year, but when her family moved to Oakland, California , in 1882 to get medical attention for her grandfather, she enrolled in Oakland High School . In 1886 she attended Lasell Seminary for Young Women in Auburndale, Massachusetts . In 1888, she traveled with her family to Paris and studied painting, but the detailed work caused vision problems and persistent headaches. She returned to Oakland and trained briefly as

2701-816: The field. Alexander met C. Hart Merriam (cousin of John C. Merriam) in 1904. At the time, Merriam was the chief of the United States Biological Survey and he became interested in Alexander's fossil collection. In one meeting, he recalled stories of Alaska which inspired Alexander to explore again. In the spring of 1906, Alexander and her team left for the Kenai Peninsula . Participants included Edna Wemple and Alvin Seale . The expedition began in southeastern Alaska at Malaspina Glacier and ended at Skilak Lake . From April to August 1907, Alexander financed and led another trip to Alaska;

2774-512: The first Mesozoic marine vertebrate found in California he named Nothosaurus . In 1895, Smith sent his findings to Merriam and sparked what became Merriam's intense focus on Shasta County. From June 16 to July 13, Alexander and her team explored along a limestone ridge in Shasta County. Participants included Vance Osmont, an assistant and student of John C. Merriam, Eustace Furlong , Waldemar Schaller , and Katherine Jones. Jones

2847-561: The foundation of the old Paliuli mill to his church, and a wooden frame building was built on the site where he lost his arm — his monument for answering his prayers. He also helped fund restoration of the Waineʻe Church of his father. In 1888, Henry Baldwin and a few businessmen from Honolulu formed the Haleakala Ranch, consisting of 33,817 acres (13,685 ha) on the slopes of the dormant volcano Haleakalā . Piʻiholo Ranch

2920-499: The foundation, was the first chair in folklore at any college or university in the United States. It was held by Martha Beckwith and ended on her retirement in 1938. Notes The University of California, Berkeley is in charge of many of Alexander's scrapbooks and papers. Access to them can be found through the UCMP history page or through the museum archives with permission. To see the photos linked above in greater context and at

2993-626: The graves of two actors: horror movie actress Evelyn Ankers , 1985, and her husband Richard Denning , 1998, of Hawaii Five-O . Henry Perrine Baldwin Henry Perrine Baldwin (August 29, 1842 – July 8, 1911) was a businessman and politician on Maui in the Hawaiian Islands . He supervised the construction of the East Maui Irrigation System and co-founded Alexander & Baldwin , one of

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3066-569: The gulches daily with his one remaining arm. Workers doubted that water would go down through a pipe and then go uphill on the other side. Water started to flow to the Castle & Cooke plantation in July 1877. Crossing Maliko Gulch with the pipeline was the last major milestone, since they could then irrigate their own fields. Alexander left for a trip to Europe on July 9, 1878, and left day-to-day management of Hawaiian operations to Baldwin. The project

3139-567: The larger Haiku Mill which had been constructed in 1861 by Castle & Cooke , formed by two former missionaries. Alexander had married Martha Eliza Cooke, daughter of Amos Starr Cooke , a co-founder of Castle & Cooke. On March 28, 1876, Baldwin lost his right arm in an industrial accident at the Paliuli Mill. Trying to adjust the rollers, his fingers got stuck in the cane grinder, pulling in his right arm, and he almost died before it could be turned off and reversed to free him. A worker

3212-665: The lower land prices and built an irrigation project on Kauaʻi island called the Hanapepe ditch for the Hawaiian Sugar Company. He moved his family to Kauaʻi for a few months before moving back to Maui in 1893. In 1894 a partnership with Alexander became agent to sell the sugar in California. In 1900, the partnership became officially incorporated as Alexander & Baldwin (A&B). With offices in both Honolulu and San Francisco, it acted as an agent for other plantations as well. Eventually A&B would evolve into

3285-557: The lower, flatter area of their fields. William Harrison Rice had irrigated a small sugarcane plantation in 1856, but this system would supply 3,000 acres (1,200 ha). Alexander arranged a survey, worked out financing from other planters to create the Hamakua Ditch Company and negotiated a two-year lease with the government of King David Kalākaua to build the project starting September 30, 1876. With no engineering training, Baldwin supervised what became known as

3358-468: The museum to open, Alexander embarked on more trips to Alaska with her new companion Louise Kellogg. In 1909, the museum opened and needed fossils. Merriam, Furlong, Kellogg, and Alexander headed back to Humboldt County, Nevada , in search of fossils. They found wooly rhinoceroses , camels, mastodons , other mammals, lizards, and birds. Throughout their lifetimes, Alexander and Kellogg collected nearly 7,000 specimens of birds, mammals, and amphibians for

3431-424: The museum. Alexander gave her friend a tour of the museum and gestured to a group of working students and said "Here are my investments." Alexander maintained control of the museum until she died in 1950. She wanted to fill the museum with scientists who had "their accomplishments ahead of, rather than behind them." She insisted on this because she believed that this museum could become a place of great authority on

3504-556: The museum. They also collected over 17,000 plants for the University Herbarium and contributed thousands of fossils for the UCMP. Alexander remained, until the end of her life, the largest donor and benefactress of the museum helping to fund and fill the museum with everything she found. In 1920, when Merriam left the University to become president of the Carnegie Institution , the paleontology department

3577-614: The paper until 2000. After the 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii raised the property-owning requirements of voters, Henry Perrine Baldwin was elected to the Kingdom House of Nobles from 1887 to 1892, and the Senate of the Republic of Hawaii and Territory of Hawaii 1895–1904. He was a member of the foreign affairs committee, and inherited his father's concern for public health, using his own money to fund better homes in

3650-494: The participants were Edna Wemple, Eustace Furlong, Frederick Sylvanus Ray, and Ward Benjamin Esterly. On this trip, Alexander uncovered her first significant fossil that was new to the scientific world which John C. Merriam named in her honor Thalattosaurus alexandrae . In 1904, Alexander left on a trip with her father and Thomas L. Gulick, son of missionary Peter Johnson Gulick and younger brother of John Thomas Gulick who

3723-492: The resources they needed and indirectly provided the world with the research they created. Annie Alexander's philanthropy and contributions to science and the University of California Berkeley were honored by naming one of the falcons nesting on Sather Tower after her. Through an anonymous donation, Alexander also established in 1920 the Folklore Foundation at Vassar College . The chair created as part of

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3796-408: The university" rather than by name. For Alexander, the hard work and the science were far more important to her than the fame of being its benefactress. She is remembered today as helping to 'build Berkeley' as well as being the benefactress of many of their most well-known paleontologists. For more than fifty years, Alexander continued to believe in the work that public education could do. Alexander

3869-693: The west coast that would enable the careers of many paleontologists. By the time of her death, Alexander, with great help from Kellogg, donated 20,564 specimens to the University of California Museum of Paleontology . Not only did Alexander establish, finance, and provide specimens for two museums she also helped to bring natural history and its leading scientists into the spotlight. Alexander hired, funded, and collected specimens for men who are recognized as giants of vertebrate zoology and paleontology such as Joseph Grinnell , Alden H. Miller , E. Raymond Hall , John C. Merriam , and Charles L. Camp . Her benefaction and dedication to natural history provided these men

3942-406: Was a Republican Politician, Annie Montague Alexander , 1950 an explorer and scientist. Others from the Alexander and Baldwin families are buried in the cemetery. James Dole , 1958 owned the largest pineapple plantation in the world. Anne Alexander, 1940, and Charles Henry Dickey, 1932 were parents of architect Charles William Dickey . The Maui Veteran's Cemetery, near the church cemetery, holds

4015-584: Was a seasonal crop so it left them more time throughout the year to travel. During the summer, they could go on fossil trips and then spend their winters in Hawaii. Both Alexander and Kellogg were dedicated to their findings and on a trip to Hawaii in 1920 they found over 100 species of shells for the Paleontology Department. Alexander continued to finance expeditions and perform fieldwork throughout her life, celebrating her 80th birthday while in

4088-449: Was about the same size as the frame building, and also used the original Paliuli Mill foundation. Henry Alexander Baldwin (known as "Harry"), Henry Perrine's son, was featured speaker, along with William Hyde Rice . The organ was donated in the memory of Harry Baldwin's sons Jared Smith Baldwin (1889–1914) and Leslie Alexander Baldwin (1898–1901). The walls were built of reinforced concrete with native basalt lava rock veneer . The roof

4161-401: Was allowed to exert control over her donations. She also helped finance much of the work of William Diller Matthew and his protégé George Gaylord Simpson . Alexander shared her life with Kellogg for forty-two years. By all accounts, it was a devoted " Boston marriage ." Among other activities, the two ran a working farm together; they raised cattle but eventually switched to asparagus which

4234-511: Was an explorer , naturalist , paleontological collector, and philanthropist . She founded the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) and the Museum of Vertebrate Zoology (MVZ). From its establishment in 1908 until she died in 1950 she financed the museum's collections and supported a series of paleontological expeditions throughout the western United States. Alexander herself took part in many of these expeditions, accumulating

4307-635: Was an early developer of theories of evolution . The men were looking forward to hunting big game in Africa, while Annie was collecting fossils and taking pictures. Gulick became ill and died on August 15, 1904, in Kijabe , Kenya . On September 8, the Alexanders reached Victoria Falls . The next day they crossed the Zambezi river and climbed down the canyon for a better view. While she was preparing to take

4380-404: Was an heiress who experienced vastly more freedom than many women of her time and she used her money to expand public education in the hopes that all could appreciate California's wildlife for generations. As a woman with money, Alexander also had an interest in stocks and finances. Alexander once invited a wealthy friend who had encouraged her to invest her fortune in exchange for larger returns to

4453-796: Was born August 30, 1885. He attended Punahou School, Oakland High School in California , and Yale in 1908. He married Katherine Smith in Honolulu, May 10, 1909. He became a champion polo player and managed Haleakala Ranch when von Tempsky retired. Samuel died July 21, 1950. In 1910 the Baldwins founded the Fred Baldwin memorial foundation in honor of their son Fred Chambers Baldwin (1881–1905) who died October 11, 1905, in New York City. From 1910 through World War II it supported an elderly housing facility. Since then it has made grants to

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4526-556: Was covered in slate from Vermont . Four stained glass windows and the bell were reused from the old building. A Seth Thomas clock has three faces on the Norman style tower. The main entry is through oak doors in the tower. Austin Craig Bowdish was pastor at the dedication. Augustine Jones became pastor in 1921. The 1938 Maui earthquake damaged the community house, but not the stone church. On June 29, 1985, Makawao Union Church

4599-764: Was declared a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 2002. The irrigation projects became so profitable that the Alexander and Baldwin partnership was able to buy out other planters and enlarge their holdings. By 1877 Baldwin had the Hamakuapoko Mill built on the southwestern side of Maliko Gulch near the irrigated fields, 20°54′56″N 156°20′53″W  /  20.91556°N 156.34806°W  / 20.91556; -156.34806  ( Hamakuapoko Mill ) . The Haiku mill shut down in 1879. The Paʻia Mill opened in 1880, 20°54′25″N 156°22′32″W  /  20.90694°N 156.37556°W  / 20.90694; -156.37556  ( Paia Mill ) In 1881

4672-457: Was in New York, he paid a visit to the organ Company. The frame church was razed in 1916 and construction began immediately on a new Gothic Revival style structure. The new building was designed by architect Charles William Dickey (1871–1942), whose mother was Emily Baldwin's sister. It has been called "one of his more outstanding works." The stone church was dedicated September 2, 1917. It

4745-405: Was in charge of keeping an account of the trip. Alexander's role in the expedition included funding, collecting and, excavating, as well as cooking for the team. The trip was brief but they returned with three significant fossils including Shastasaurus alexandre named in honor of Alexander. Little is known about this trip beyond its participants and some of its findings. Along with Alexander,

4818-457: Was merged with the geology department, displeasing both Merriam and Alexander. Merriam's departure from the museum angered Alexander but her dedication to the museum remained unwavering. She subsequently helped establish the UCMP and created an endowment for its funding. After Merriam's defection, Alexander continued to give money to the university but grew frustrated with the Regents that Merriam

4891-683: Was over budget, but on-time and worked. Several other projects were added through 1923 to the system. The idea was copied over the years in projects on Maui and other islands. Irish civil engineer Michael O'Shaughnessy designed the Koolau Ditch in 1904–1905 and some similar projects using technology developed for railroad tunnels. He then returned to San Francisco and applied the idea to the Hetch Hetchy Aqueduct . Alexander and Baldwin consolidated these projects into their East Maui Irrigation Company. The East Maui irrigation system

4964-589: Was placed on the Hawaii Register of Historic Places as site 50-05-1610, and December 17, 1985, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places listings in Hawaii as site 85003227. It now calls itself an "interdenominational, community church with Congregational heritage". As of 2019 the pastor was Rev. Robin Lunn. The road past the church was named Baldwin Avenue for the Baldwin family. It

5037-415: Was sent to get the nearest doctor ten miles (16 km) away to do the amputation. Within weeks, he learned to write with his left hand, and continued to play organ in his church with one hand. In a month, he was riding horseback in his fields. The Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 gave freer access to market for sugar exported to the United States. Although the Hawaiian Islands have a 12-month growing season ,

5110-582: Was sparked on her trip to Crater Lake with Beckwith and in 1900 she began auditing paleontology lectures at the University of California, Berkeley. At Berkeley, Alexander met Professor John C. Merriam . As their friendship developed she offered to underwrite the entire cost of his upcoming expeditions. She later participated in Merriam's 1901 expedition to Fossil Lake in Oregon, as well as his 1902 and 1903 expeditions to Shasta County in Northern California. In February 1901 John C. Merriam and Alexander began organizing an expedition. They were unable to decide on

5183-447: Was the daughter of Amos Starr Cooke , the founder of Castle & Cooke . These were two of the " Big Five " corporations that started as sugar cane plantation owners and then dominated the economy of the Territory of Hawaii . Annie Montague was the second of five children. Her youngest brother, Clarence Chambers, was born in 1880 but died in 1884. Her cousins included Henry Alexander Baldwin and Clarence Hyde Cooke who carried on

5256-581: Was then that she decided to dedicate her life to preserving the wild flora and fauna of California and the West Coast. In 1905, she financed and took part in the Saurian Expedition to the West Humboldt Range in Nevada. The expedition discovered many of the finest specimens of ichthyosaur . In 1905, Alexander financed and attended another expedition alongside John C. Merriam and his assistant Eustace L. Furlong . They headed 300 miles west to

5329-418: Was to provide paleontological material to researchers on campus to further their studies as well as preserve the declining environment around them for posterity as well as cultivating an interest in natural history. In 1907, Alexander met Joseph Grinnell , a young scientist from Stanford who had already begun to make a name for himself in the field of zoology. Upon meeting Alexander he expressed his wish that

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