202-525: Prime Minister of Australia Malcolm Bligh Turnbull (born 24 October 1954) is an Australian former politician and businessman who served as the 29th prime minister of Australia from 2015 to 2018. He held office as leader of the Liberal Party of Australia and was the member of parliament (MP) for the New South Wales division of Wentworth from 2004 to 2018. Turnbull graduated from
404-453: A GST increase was "on the table", stating that any increase in the GST would be offset by tax breaks and Morrison indicated that superannuation tax would be reviewed. Through in to 2016, Morrison made the case for an increase in the GST. In February, Turnbull ruled out pursuing a GST increase. Two days before the 2016 Council of Australian Governments ' (COAG) meeting, Turnbull responded to
606-650: A Rhodes Scholarship and attended Brasenose College, Oxford , where he briefly studied for a business degree before switching to a postgraduate Bachelor of Civil Law from 1978 to 1980, graduating with honours. While at Oxford, he worked for The Sunday Times and contributed to newspapers and magazines in both the United States and Australia. He befriended the future UK prime minister Theresa May , who credits Turnbull for encouraging her husband Philip May to propose to her. Turnbull also met his future wife, Lucy , during this time. During Turnbull's time at Oxford,
808-421: A leadership spill motion was moved against Tony Abbott on 9 February 2015. Although the spill motion was defeated 61 votes to 39, Turnbull had been reported as considering a run for the leadership if the spill motion had succeeded. Before the motion Turnbull had told reporters that "if, for whatever reason, the leadership of a political party is vacant then anyone, any member of the party can stand, whether they be
1010-636: A parliamentary eligibility crisis that saw fifteen parliamentarians forced out of Parliament due to concerns about dual citizenship . To address climate change and reform energy policy, in August 2018 Turnbull proposed the National Energy Guarantee . Although initially agreed to by the Cabinet, the policy was ultimately rejected by the party room. This, combined with poor opinion polling , led to Peter Dutton challenging Turnbull for
1212-565: A parliamentary republic , and supported the bi-partisan appointment republican model adopted by the convention. Turnbull was an active campaigner in the unsuccessful 1999 referendum to establish an Australian republic , serving as Chair of the Yes Committee. He published a book on the campaign, titled Fighting for the Republic . When the referendum failed, he accused incumbent prime minister and monarchist John Howard of "breaking
1414-470: A renunciation of citizenship , while others do not. Some countries permit a general dual citizenship while others permit dual citizenship but only of a limited number of countries. A country that allows dual citizenship may still not recognize the other citizenship of its nationals within its own territory (e.g., in relation to entry into the country, national service , duty to vote , etc.). Similarly, it may not permit consular access by another country for
1616-620: A republican form of government by replacing the Queen of Australia with an elected Australian head of state. Later that year, Turnbull became Chair of the Australian Republican Movement , a position he would hold until 2000. He was an elected delegate at the 1998 Australian Constitutional Convention in Canberra . At the convention, Turnbull cautioned against mixing the roles of president and prime minister, advocating
1818-506: A university don wrote of him that he was "always going to enter life's rooms without knocking". After graduating from Oxford, Turnbull returned to Australia and began working as a barrister . He was general counsel and secretary for Australian Consolidated Press Holdings Group from 1983 to 1985. During this time, he defended Kerry Packer against the "Goanna" allegations made by the Costigan Commission , accusing Packer of
2020-661: A "dormant citizenship" means that a person has the citizenships of two countries, but as long as while living permanently in one country, their status and citizen's rights in the other country are "inactive". They will be "reactivated" when they move back to live permanently in the other country. This means, in spite of dual citizenship, only one citizenship can be exercised at a time. The "dormant citizenship" exists, for example, in Spain: Spanish citizens who have naturalized in an Iberoamerican country and have kept their Spanish citizenship are dual citizens, but have lost many of
2222-439: A book on the trial, titled The Spycatcher Trial . "The fact of the matter is that nothing is achieved in this world, particularly politically, other than with persistence, and persistence involves repetition and it involves argument and re-argument... The public interest in free speech is not just in truthful speech, in correct speech, in fair speech... The interest is in the debate. You see, every person who has ultimately changed
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#17327834223242424-418: A bundle of rights, dual citizenship (a) enables dual citizens by granting special privileges, (b) affects their expectations about privileges in the decision-making process, and (c) eases the transaction process and reduces costs and risks, for example in the case of investing and conducting business. In addition, a dual legal status can have positive effects on diasporic identification and commitment to causes in
2626-513: A citizen only of the country. In other words, the country "does not recognize" that the person has any other citizenship for the purposes of the country's laws. In particular, citizens of a country may not be permitted to use another country's passport or travel documents to enter or leave the country, or be entitled to consulate assistance from the other country. Also, the dual national may be subject to compulsory military service in countries where they are considered to be nationals. The concept of
2828-691: A different book, and that the government had lied to the court through the trial. The case was successful after going through the New South Wales Court of Appeal , stopping the British government's attempts to suppress the book's publication in Australia. The case was widely reported, making Turnbull a public figure in Australia and the United Kingdom, and causing the book to sell over 2 million copies in Australia. Turnbull later wrote
3030-478: A first term Liberal government". In his first press conference as Treasurer, Scott Morrison indicated a reduction in government expenditure, and stated that the Mid-Year Economic and Fiscal Outlook (MYEFO) and White Paper on tax reform would arrive on time. On 1 October 2015, Turnbull hosted an economic summit at Parliament House , which included representatives from industry, unions, government and
3232-600: A five-nation tour and attended major leaders' summits in Europe and Asia. The China–Australia Free Trade Agreement agreed by the Abbott government concluded its passage through Parliament in October 2015. The Turnbull government continued the Abbott government's negotiations for an India Free Trade deal. Turnbull also continued the Abbott government's moves to improve trade relations with Indonesia and Germany, and to establish
3434-525: A foreign power after taking office would forfeit his/her seat. This was regarded by many as a technicality, however; and Duynhoven, with his large electoral majority, was almost certain to re-enter Parliament in the event of a by-election . As such, the Labour Government retrospectively amended the Act, thus enabling Duynhoven to retain his seat. The amendment, nicknamed "Harry's Law", was passed by
3636-499: A former MI5 official who wrote the book Spycatcher , detailing his work for the spy agency during the Cold War . The British government had obtained an injunction to stop the book's sale, and wanted to do the same in Australia. Turnbull argued that the book had nothing new in it, that other books with never-before-seen confidential information had been allowed by the British government with minimal changes while wanting to restrict
3838-528: A former staffer to Alexander Downer and an Advertiser journalist, as his chief of staff. In May 2009, Turnbull attacked the 2009 Australian federal budget which came amidst the fallout from the global financial crisis . In June 2009, Godwin Grech, a Treasury civil servant, privately contacted Turnbull, alleging that a car dealer with links to the Labor Party had received preferential treatment under
4040-486: A full assessment of dual nationality beyond the first generation is not possible with present data). Concern over the effect of multiple citizenship on national cohesiveness is generally more acute in the United States. The reason for this is twofold: The degree of angst over the effects of dual citizenship seemingly corresponds to a country's model for managing immigration and ethnic diversity: People with multiple citizenship may be viewed as having dual loyalty , having
4242-657: A hostile reception in the Senate and media. Monarchist Abbott's decision to knight the Duke of Edinburgh brought heavy media criticism, and amid declining poll numbers for the Coalition, rumours of an intention by republican Malcolm Turnbull to challenge for the leadership continued. On 5 February, Fairfax reported that leadership speculation was at "fever pitch" after backbench Senator Arthur Sinodinos (a demoted-Minister) questioned Abbott's judgement on Sky News and refused to confirm if
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#17327834223244444-575: A leadership spill ahead of his 39th consecutive Newspoll loss, which he narrowly won against Peter Dutton . Turnbull resigned three days later after narrowly losing the confidence of his Party room. Turnbull blamed Abbott, Dutton and conservative media commentators. Malcolm Turnbull entered Parliament as the Member for Wentworth in 2004, and went on to serve as Parliamentary Secretary to the Prime Minister from January 2006, and later Minister for
4646-399: A leaked report regarding his plans for reforms to income tax levying. At a press conference at a Penrith football field, Turnbull announced a plan to hand the states income taxing powers, which he explained would be "the most fundamental reform to the federation in generations". State and Territory leaders rejected the plan outright, and Turnbull withdrew the initiative two days later following
4848-513: A majority of 61 votes to 56. The revised Act allows exceptions to Section 55 on the grounds of an MP's country/place of birth, descent, or renewing a foreign passport issued before the MP took office. Both the former Estonian president Toomas Hendrik Ilves and the former Lithuanian president Valdas Adamkus had been naturalized US citizens prior to assuming their offices. Both have renounced their US citizenships: Ilves in 1993 and Adamkus in 1998. This
5050-650: A military invasion was needed for Syria. France announced that the Paris attacks were an act of war and secured a UN Security Council Resolution authorising the use of military force against the Islamic State and the al-Nusra Front . In the aftermath of the attacks, some of the Turnbull Cabinet criticised the Sunni Grand Mufti of Australia for offering an apparently equivocal condemnation of
5252-511: A minister or a backbencher, without any disloyalty to the person whose leadership has been declared vacant." Despite the defeat of the February 2015 spill motion, questions over Abbott's leadership did not abate, with the government consistently performing poorly in opinion polls. On 14 September 2015, after 30 consecutive Newspolls had put the Liberals far behind Labor, Turnbull resigned from
5454-409: A modified and scaled-down NBN with " fibre to the node " (FTTN) and last-mile by copper cable . The new policy contrasted with the previous position which had called for the dismantling of the entire NBN. After the Coalition victory in the 2013 federal election , Turnbull was appointed Minister for Communications and began implementing the alternative NBN strategy. In 2014, Turnbull announced that
5656-779: A person is automatically born a citizen of another country without officially being recognized. In many cases, the person may even be unaware that he holds multiple citizenship. For example, because of the nationality law in Italy, a person born in Canada to parents of Italian ancestry may be born with both Canadian and Italian citizenship at birth. Canadian citizenship is automatically acquired by birth within Canada. However, that same person may also acquire Italian citizenship at birth if at least one parent's lineage traces back to an Italian citizen. The person, their parent, grandparent, great-grandparent, and great-great-grandparent may have all transmitted
5858-420: A person may concurrently hold another citizenship. A country may withdraw its own citizenship if a person acquires a citizenship of another country, for example: Once a country bestows citizenship, it may or may not consider a voluntary renunciation of that citizenship to be valid. In the case of naturalization, some countries require applicants for naturalization to renounce their former citizenship. For example,
6060-489: A person who is also its national. Some countries prohibit dual citizenship holders from serving in their armed forces or on police forces or holding certain public offices . Up until the late 19th century, nations often decided whom they claimed as their citizens or subjects and did not recognize any other nationalities they held. Many states did not recognize the right of their citizens to renounce their citizenship without permission because of policies that originated with
6262-533: A plebiscite prior to any amendment to the Marriage Act to recognise same-sex unions as "marriages" under Australian law. Turnbull dropped Abbott, Joe Hockey , Eric Abetz , Ian Macfarlane , Kevin Andrews , Michael Ronaldson and Bruce Billson from his ministry, but increased the number of cabinet ministers from 19 to 21. Polling was initially favourable to Turnbull following the leadership change, but
Malcolm Turnbull - Misplaced Pages Continue
6464-508: A possible increase in inflation as a concern. After months of consistently poor opinion polling, Turnbull challenged Brendan Nelson for the leadership on 16 September 2008. He won the ballot by four votes and became Leader of the Opposition . Later that month, Turnbull confessed that he had smoked marijuana in his younger days, becoming the first Liberal Leader to make such an admission. In early 2009, Turnbull appointed Chris Kenny ,
6666-628: A professor of history at the University of New South Wales . When Turnbull was nine, Salmon received a teaching post in New Zealand , and Coral went with him, ending the marriage. Bruce told Turnbull that Coral was studying for another degree, which although Coral did get a PhD in New Zealand, was an effort by Bruce to hide the fact that Coral had left him. Turnbull was from then raised solely by his father. Turnbull suffered from asthma as
6868-495: A reduced 58% two-party vote from a large 10.9% two-party swing. A controversy occurred during the election campaign, when the president of the Australian National Imams Council , Sheikh Shady Alsuleiman participated in an Iftar dinner hosted by Turnbull at Kirribilli House . Turnbull said he would not have invited Alsuleiman if he had known of his position regarding homosexuals. At the election,
7070-645: A security clearance to an applicant who was a dual national of the U.S. and Ireland, despite the fact that it has with good relations with the US. In Israel , certain military units, including most recently the Israeli Navy 's submarine fleet, as well as posts requiring high security clearances, require candidates to renounce any other citizenship before joining, though the number of units making such demands has declined. In many combat units, candidates are required to declare but not renounce any foreign citizenship. On
7272-472: A stake in the internet service provider OzEmail in 1994 for $ 500,000. He sold this stake several months before the dot com bubble burst in 1999 for $ 57 million to then-telecommunications giant MCI Worldcom . In May 2002, Turnbull appeared before the HIH Insurance royal commission to be questioned on Goldman Sachs's involvement in the possible privatisation of one of the acquisitions of
7474-472: A total of $ 4 billion worth of deals from Turnbull, as well as control of the water portfolio, in exchange for a continued Coalition agreement. Turnbull stated that he would not lead a government that did not take climate change seriously. On 21 March 2016, Turnbull announced that Parliament would consider bills to reinstate the Australian Building and Construction Commission (ABCC), with
7676-447: A treaty in Europe requiring signatories to limit dual citizenship lapsed in the 1990s, and countries with high emigration rates began permitting it to maintain links with their respective diasporas. Each country sets its own criteria for citizenship and the rights of citizenship, which change from time to time, often becoming more restrictive. For example, until 1982, a person born in the UK
7878-488: A two-bedroom flat in Vaucluse , where Turnbull would attend the nearby public school . Bruce and Coral's marriage was an unhappy one, and Turnbull wrote that the couple rarely slept or spent time together, only staying married due to himself. Coral frequently belittled her husband about his lack of education and that the fortunes of the family depended on her. Coral started spending increasing amounts of time with John Salmon,
8080-527: A young child. After spending his first three years of schooling at Vaucluse Public School , he started boarding at Sydney Grammar School in St Ives . Turnbull wrote that he hated boarding school, as he was bullied due to bed wetting . Bruce, now a single father, had troubles paying school fees, causing many letters to be sent to the Turnbull residence from the school bursar . These financial issues forced
8282-567: Is "fiendishly expensive", there was no other option. In December 2014, Turnbull brokered a deal between the Australian government, NBN Co and Telstra whereby NBN Co acquired Telstra's copper network and hybrid-fibre coaxial (HFC) to deliver the NBN. Telstra and NBN Co agreed to work together on the FTTN trial involving 200,000 premises. In August 2015, Turnbull revealed that the overall end cost of
Malcolm Turnbull - Misplaced Pages Continue
8484-494: Is a citizen since birth. Therefore, the second citizenship (in this case, the Italian citizenship) is "dormant" (or "hidden") because the person does not even know he is a citizen and/or does not have official recognition from the country's government. That person would therefore have to gather all necessary documents and present them to the Italian government so that their "dormant" or "hidden" citizenship will be recognized. Once it
8686-696: Is a nephew of Rupert Murdoch . Turnbull refused to answer questions regarding Handbury's contribution to the Wentworth Forum, the main fund-raising organisation for Turnbull's 2007 election campaign. Turnbull retained his seat at the 2007 federal election with a two-party vote 1.3% swing in Wentworth, despite a 5.6% swing away from the Coalition in the state, and a 5.4% swing against them nationwide. After John Howard lost his seat of Bennelong , on 25 November 2007 Peter Costello , who Howard stated publicly should succeed him, announced he would not seek
8888-555: Is also of Scottish descent; his great-great-great-grandfather John Turnbull (1751–1834) arrived on the Coromandel in 1802 in New South Wales and became a tailor. In an interview in 2015, Turnbull said that his middle name "Bligh" has been a family tradition for generations, originally given in honour of Governor William Bligh . Turnbull's parents married in December 1955, fourteen months after his birth. The Turnbulls lived in
9090-479: Is at the same time recognized by more than one country under its nationality and citizenship law as a national or citizen of that country. There is no international convention that determines the nationality or citizenship status of a person, which is consequently determined exclusively under national laws, that often conflict with each other, thus allowing for multiple citizenship situations to arise. A person holding multiple citizenship is, generally, entitled to
9292-415: Is cited as evidence of the need to maintain a strong national identity and culture . They assert that the fact that a second citizenship can be obtained without giving anything up (such as the loss of public benefits, welfare, healthcare, retirement funds, and job opportunities in the country of origin in exchange for citizenship in a new country) both trivializes what it means to be a citizen and nullifies
9494-686: Is impossible under the laws of the other country or impossible in practice because it requires an extremely difficult revocation process), then that person will not be disqualified from sitting in Parliament. In the 2017 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis , the High Court disqualified Australia's Deputy Prime Minister and four senators because they held dual citizenship, despite being unaware of their citizenship status when elected. In New Zealand , controversy arose in 2003 when Labour MP Harry Duynhoven applied to renew his citizenship of
9696-413: Is no longer beneficial. Proponents argue that dual citizenship can actually encourage political activity providing an avenue for immigrants who are unwilling to forsake their country of origin either out of loyalty or based on a feeling of separation from the mainstream society because of language, culture, religion, or ethnicity. A 2007 academic study concluded that dual citizens had a negative effect on
9898-422: Is often observed that dual citizenship may strengthen ties between migrants and their countries of origin and increase their propensity to remit funds to their communities of origin. Qualitative research on the effect of dual citizenship on the remittances, diaspora investments, return migration, naturalization and political behavior finds several ways in which multiple citizenship can affect these categories. As
10100-612: Is part of the United Kingdom. People in Northern Ireland are therefore "entitled to Irish, British, or both" citizenships. Between 1999 and 24 June 2004 , anyone born on the island of Ireland was entitled to Irish citizenship automatically. Since 24 June 2004 Irish citizenship has been granted to anyone born on the island of Ireland who has one, or both, parents who; are Irish citizens or British citizens , were entitled to live in Ireland without any residency restrictions, or
10302-428: Is recognized, he will be able to do all of the things that any citizen could do, such as apply for a passport. Some countries are more open to multiple citizenship than others, as it may help citizens travel and conduct business overseas. Countries that have taken active steps towards permitting multiple citizenship in recent years include Switzerland (since January 1, 1992) and Australia (since April 4, 2002). It
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#173278342232410504-588: The 1999 republic referendum . He was first elected to the Australian House of Representatives as a member of parliament (MP) for the division of Wentworth in New South Wales at the 2004 election , and was Minister for the Environment and Water in the Howard government from January 2007 until December 2007. After coming second in the 2007 leadership election , Turnbull won the leadership of
10706-515: The 2004 federal election as an independent candidate. As a result, the traditionally safe Liberal seat became an electoral wildcard, the contest becoming a three-person race between Turnbull, King and the Labor candidate David Patch. During the campaign, Turnbull spent over A$ 600,000 on his campaign. While the Liberal primary vote eventually fell by 10.3% to a total 41.8%, King received only 18% of
10908-687: The 2007 federal election by the Australian Labor Party led by Kevin Rudd . In the aftermath, Turnbull entered and lost in the ensuing ballot for the Liberal Party leadership , which was won by Brendan Nelson . Turnbull served as Shadow Treasurer, before toppling Nelson in the November 2008 Liberal leadership spill . The Godwin Grech Affair undermined Turnbull's authority, and amid extended poor polling, and disagreement within
11110-479: The 2010 federal election , Turnbull was re-elected with an 11.01% two-party swing towards him. After discussing the possibility of a return to the Shadow Cabinet with Tony Abbott, Turnbull was made Shadow Minister for Communications . In his first policy announcement in the role, Turnbull stated that a Coalition government would "demolish" the recently introduced National Broadband Network . Delivering
11312-559: The 2013 federal election , returning to power after six years in opposition. Turnbull served as Minister for Communications in the Abbott government , and oversaw the National Broadband rollout. The Abbott government delivered its election promises of removing industry taxes on mining and carbon emissions, and halting unauthorised boat arrivals, but its first Budget 's expenditure cuts and surprise revenue proposals met with
11514-608: The 2016 federal election and resigned with immediate effect as Parliamentary Leader of the National Party of Australia . Truss announced that he would resign from the Ministry. On 12 February, it was reported that Stuart Robert was resigning from the ministry after an internal investigation, ordered by Turnbull, concluded that he had "acted inconsistently with the Statement of Ministerial Standards". The investigation
11716-484: The Abbott government following the Liberal-National Coalition's victory at the 2013 election . Two years later, citing consistently poor opinion polling, Turnbull resigned from the Cabinet on 14 September 2015 and challenged Abbott, successfully reclaiming the leadership of the Liberal Party by ten votes. He was sworn in as prime minister the following day. The Turnbull government initiated
11918-410: The Australian Labor Party . Turnbull's mother was close friends with Premier of New South Wales Neville Wran and Senator Lionel Murphy , who had briefly dated her in university. Both men were members of the Labor Party. Turnbull himself was also friends with another Labor premier, Bob Carr . In 2015, it was revealed that Turnbull had held talks with Labor state politician John Della Bosca during
12120-707: The British Nationality Act 1948 removed restrictions on dual citizenship in the UK, the 1967 Afroyim v. Rusk ruling by the US Supreme Court prohibited the US government from stripping citizenship from Americans who had dual citizenship without their consent, and the Canadian Citizenship Act, 1976 , removed restrictions on dual citizenship in Canada . The number of states allowing multiple citizenships further increased after
12322-534: The Cabinet as Minister for the Environment and Water . In this position, Turnbull approved a proposed A$ 1.7 billion Bell Bay Pulp Mill in north Tasmania , near Launceston . Turnbull's approval of the Bell Bay Pulp Mill project of Gunns came on 4 October 2007 and followed a report by the government's chief scientist Jim Peacock on the project's potential environmental impact, which required
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#173278342232412524-605: The Liberal Party of Canada and the previous leader of the official opposition , holds dual citizenship with France as a result of his mother's nationality; Dion nonetheless indicated a willingness to renounce French citizenship if a significant number of Canadians viewed it negatively. Thomas Mulcair , former Leader of the New Democratic Party and former leader of the Official Opposition in
12726-574: The Morrison government . In mounting his 2015 public challenge for the leadership, Turnbull cited extended poor polling in Newspoll by the Abbott government and said Australia needed a new style of "economic leadership". Turnbull appointed Morrison as Treasurer in an expanded ministry , promoting several key supporters. Julie Bishop remained as Minister for Foreign Affairs . Conservatives Tony Abbott, Eric Abetz and Kevin Andrews were sent to
12928-667: The Solomon Islands under the trading name Silvania Forest Products. The latter's work was described by the Australian International Development Assistance Bureau as a " clear-felling operation", and the then Solomon Islands Prime Minister Solomon Mamaloni reportedly threatened to close it down for "constant breaches of logging practices", according to a critical article in the Solomon Times . Turnbull purchased
13130-687: The Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP). Turnbull met with Indonesian president Joko Widodo and German Chancellor Angela Merkel on his November 2015 world tour and discussed trade. Andrew Robb signed the TPP in February 2016. Health minister, Sussan Ley sought feedback on private health insurance . Hepatitis C treatments were subsidised from March 2016 under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme . On 13 January 2017, Turnbull announced that Ley had resigned from
13332-402: The United States Department of Defense (DoD) Defense Office of Hearings and Appeals (DOHA) office of Industrial Security Clearance Review (ISCR), which decides cases involving security clearances for Contractor personnel doing classified work for all DoD components. In one such case, an administrative judge ruled that it is not clearly consistent with US national interest to grant a request for
13534-429: The University of Sydney as a Bachelor of Arts and a Bachelor of Laws , before attending Brasenose College, Oxford , as a Rhodes Scholar , earning a Bachelor of Civil Law degree. For more than two decades, he worked as a journalist, lawyer, merchant banker , and venture capitalist . He was Chair of the Australian Republican Movement from 1993 to 2000, and was one of the leaders of the unsuccessful "Yes" campaign in
13736-513: The 1990s on a possible party switch, and that he had harboured aspirations in his youth to head the Australian Workers' Union , which is linked with the Labor Party. The accusation, made by former Labor Foreign Minister Bob Carr , was cited by Labor Leader Bill Shorten during the Royal Commission into Trade Union Governance and Corruption . In 2000, Turnbull intended to seek Liberal preselection for Wentworth but did not eventually contest after concluding that preselection hopeful Peter King had
13938-550: The 2012 Alfred Deakin Lecture on digital liberty, he spoke out strongly against the Gillard government's proposed two-year data retention law. In July 2012, Turnbull was criticised by some Liberal MPs for saying that civil unions should be introduced as a first step towards establishing same-sex marriage in Australia . Tony Abbott rejected Turnbull's suggestion of holding a conscience vote on the issue. On 9 April 2013, Turnbull and Tony Abbott presented their party's alternative National Broadband Network (NBN) plan. The plan prioritised
14140-444: The 2013 election campaign, Tony Abbott promised a "comprehensive tax white paper" to look at tax reform. In June 2014, Abbott launched the Reform of the Federation white paper, with an eye to clarifying "roles and responsibilities for states and territories so that they are as far as possible, sovereign in their own sphere". In March 2015, Joe Hockey launched the Abbott government's Tax White Paper titled "Re:think". After taking over
14342-531: The 2013 federal election but Abbott had not re-appointed him to the Ministry, and Brough was a backer of the Turnbull leadership push. Andrew Robb had served as Trade Minister in the Abbott government and oversaw free-trade negotiations for Abbott and Turnbull. He announced his retirement in February 2016, but remained assisting in the Trade portfolio. Steven Ciobo became Minister for Trade and Investment in his place. On 11 February 2016, Deputy Prime Minister, Warren Truss , announced his decision to retire at
14544-618: The 29th prime minister of Australia the following day. Turnbull announced an extensive reshuffle of the Cabinet on 20 September 2015 to form the first Turnbull ministry . Notably, he increased the number of female Cabinet ministers from two to five and appointed Marise Payne as Australia's first female Minister for Defence . The number of Cabinet ministers rose from 19 to 21. On Turnbull's key policy differences with Abbott, particularly climate change , republicanism and same-sex marriage , he stated that there would be no immediate change before any election. The Nationals successfully negotiated
14746-416: The Abbott government, Turnbull had distanced himself from the policy emphasis of Abbott by downplaying the threat of Islamic State to the wider world, saying the group was "not Hitler's Germany, Tojo's Japan or Stalin's Russia". A 15-year-old Islamist shot and killed a police finance worker outside Parramatta Police Station on 2 October 2015. Turnbull called on Australians to show "mutual respect" following
14948-576: The Bruce Turnbull means-tested scholarship at Sydney Grammar, offering full remission of fees to a student unable to afford them. In 1973, Turnbull attended the University of Sydney , graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in political science in 1977 and a Bachelor of Laws in 1978. Turnbull wrote for the school's newspaper, Honi Soit , writing largely about politics. Turnbull also visited former Premier of New South Wales Jack Lang , discussing 1920s and 1930s state politics. During his studies, he
15150-612: The Built Environment (Turnbull had initially dumped Briggs from the ministry, but when Bruce Billson declined to accept a demotion, Briggs was reinstated. Following a late-night incident involving a female DFAT staffer in a Hong Kong bar during an official visit in November, Turnbull prompted Briggs to resign and Briggs subsequently quit the Turnbull Ministry on 29 December 2015. The Australian Financial Review reported "government sources" claiming Briggs
15352-473: The COAG meeting. In the government's first major education policy decision, Education Minister Simon Birmingham announced that the Abbott government's proposed university deregulation plan would be postponed until at least 2017. Furthermore, Birmingham confirmed that any move to reform university funding would not be submitted to Parliament before the next election. In the 2017 Australian federal budget , it
15554-402: The Cabinet and announced he would challenge Abbott for the leadership of the Liberal Party. Turnbull stated that Abbott "was not capable of providing the economic leadership we need" and that the Liberal Party needs a "style of leadership that respects the people's intelligence." Turnbull defeated Abbott by 54 votes to 44 at the subsequent leadership ballot . He was sworn in as
15756-524: The Canadian House of Commons also holds dual citizenship with France. In Egypt , dual citizens cannot be elected to Parliament. The Constitution of Australia , in Section 44 (i), explicitly forbids people who hold allegiance to foreign powers from sitting in the parliament of Australia . This restriction on people with dual or multiple citizenship being members of parliament does not apply to
15958-634: The Canadian forces. The French embassy released a statement that this law would not be enforced because the Governor General is essentially a ceremonial figurehead. Nevertheless, Jean renounced her French citizenship two days before taking up office to end the controversy about it. However, former Canadian Prime Minister John Turner was born in the United Kingdom and still retained his dual citizenship. Stéphane Dion , former head of
16160-534: The Coalition faced internal tensions. By March 2016, Labor and the Coalition were back to 50–50 in Newspoll results. In his final address to the media as prime minister, Abbott expressed pride in the record of his government, but warned against a "poll-driven" political culture and unnamed media figures and politicians who would "connive at dishonour" by spreading anonymous, self-serving claims: "A febrile media culture has developed that rewards treachery" he said. In
16362-474: The Coalition losing its absolute majority in the House of Representatives. Since retiring from politics, Turnbull has become an advisor to Kasada, an Australian cybersecurity start-up. He has been critical of the direction of the Liberal Party, and has joined with his former opponent Kevin Rudd in criticising the dominance of Rupert Murdoch 's News Corp in Australian political debate. Malcolm Bligh Turnbull
16564-509: The Coalition lost 14 seats and retained majority government by a single seat. The result was the closest since the 1961 federal election . In the days following the election, when the result was still not certain, Turnbull had to negotiate with the crossbench to secure confidence and supply support from Bob Katter , Andrew Wilkie and Cathy McGowan in the event of a hung parliament and resulting minority government . In February 2017, Turnbull confirmed he had donated $ 1.75 million to
16766-451: The Coalition over Turnbull's support for the Rudd government 's climate change taxation policies, Turnbull was replaced as leader of the Liberals by Tony Abbott following a 2009 leadership spill . The Coalition's position in the polls was improved by the leadership change, and Abbott went on to lead the Coalition to the 2010 federal election (which resulted in a hung parliament) and to win
16968-491: The Coalition to a narrow victory in a double dissolution election . In his second term, Turnbull initiated and campaigned for the "Yes" side in the same-sex marriage plebiscite , which was ultimately successful. Turnbull also announced Snowy Hydro 2.0 , a major expansion of the Snowy Mountains Scheme as a key component in enabling the transition to renewable energy . In late 2017, the government experienced
17170-592: The Conflict of Nationality Laws proposed laws that would have reduced both but, in the end, were ratified by only 20 nations. One significant development that emerged was the Master Nationality Rule , which provided that "a State may not afford diplomatic protection to one of its nationals against a state whose nationality such person also possesses." Although fully eliminating dual nationality proved to be legally impossible during this time, it
17372-465: The Environment and Water Resources in the Liberal-National coalition led by Prime Minister John Howard . Before entering Parliament, Turnbull had previously worked as a journalist, a barrister and a merchant banker. He also headed the Australian Republican Movement , and had been active in the failed "Yes" campaign for the 1999 republic referendum. The Howard government was defeated at
17574-634: The German Chancellor agreed "Solutions have to be found to allow the European Union to better protect its external borders", but Turnbull did not endorse Abbott's view. News Limited reported that Turnbull "delivered a slap-down to Tony Abbott for lecturing European leaders over their refugee policies as he arrived in Berlin" to meet with Chancellor Angela Merkel . Turnbull said "I have no intention or desire to give advice on these matters to
17776-536: The German Chancellor". On the night of 13 November, a co-ordinated series of terrorist attacks were launched on Paris by IS sympathisers, and over 120 people were killed. Turnbull, still in Germany following his meeting with Merkel, expressed "resolute solidarity with people of France" and held a meeting of the National Security Committee of Cabinet . Turnbull said a political solution, not
17978-402: The Italian citizenship to the next child in the line without even knowing it. Therefore, even if the person in this case may have been four generations removed from the last Italian-born (and therefore recognized) citizen, the great-great-grandparent, he would still be born with Italian citizenship. Even though the person may not even be aware of the citizenship, it does not change the fact that he
18180-579: The Justice Department not to employ a non-"citizen of the United States" did not bar it from employing dual citizens. In Germany , politicians can have dual citizenship. David McAllister , who holds British and German citizenship, was minister president of the State of Lower-Saxony from July 1, 2010, to February 19, 2013. He was the first German minister president to hold dual citizenship. A small controversy arose in 2005 when Michaëlle Jean
18382-538: The Liberal Party in a leadership spill the following year and became Leader of the Opposition . However, his support of the Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme proposed by the Rudd government in December 2009 led in turn to a leadership challenge by Tony Abbott , who defeated Turnbull by a single vote. Though initially planning to leave politics after this, Turnbull chose to remain and was later appointed Minister for Communications in
18584-638: The Liberal Party lapse in 1986, before rejoining in 2000. Turnbull was made Federal Treasurer of the Liberal Party in 2000, and was a member of the party's federal and New South Wales executives from 2002 to 2003. He also spent time as a director of the Menzies Research Centre , the Liberal Party's research centre. In 1993, Turnbull was appointed by Prime Minister Paul Keating as Chair of the Republic Advisory Committee , charged with exploring ways of moving Australia to
18786-534: The Liberal Party rank and file and tensions continued in the parliamentary Party. Abbott said Turnbull supporters had plotted against him. The government reached the 30-consecutive-Newspoll-losses benchmark Turnbull had used to unseat Abbott, in April 2018. The Parliament faced a period of instability under the 2017–18 Australian parliamentary eligibility crisis , and the Turnbull government briefly lost its parliamentary majority and Deputy Prime Minister Joyce. Joyce
18988-477: The Liberal Party's election campaign. Asylum seeker policy is a contentious wedge issue in Australian politics, especially since the Tampa affair . Continuing the bipartisan stance of Operation Sovereign Borders has been at the forefront the Coalition's asylum seeker policy. Around 1,250 asylum seekers remain in the offshore processing centres on Manus Island and Nauru . In August 2016, protestors called for
19190-670: The Liberal caucus to give him six months to improve the government's standing. The ABC reported that in the lead up to the motion, the Abbott government had been facing "leaks and growing media criticism". In the months after the failed spill motion, leaking and backgrounding against Abbott continued, but polling for the Coalition initially improved. Following the Second Hockey Budget in May 2015, Newspoll placed Abbott's approval rating at an eight-month high, and in front of Opposition leader Bill Shorten as better prime minister for
19392-538: The Liberal deputy position but losing 70–30. Prior to the ballot, the Deputy Prime Minister, Warren Truss , noted in a news conference that the Coalition agreement between the Liberal Party and the Nationals was negotiated with Abbott and that any change in leader would require it to be renegotiated. Political commentators stated that senior Nationals senators disliked the way that Turnbull handled
19594-473: The Liberal leadership. Although Turnbull defeated Dutton in the party room, a majority of MPs demanded a second spill, which Turnbull did not contest. On 24 August 2018, Scott Morrison defeated Dutton and Julie Bishop in the contest, and replaced Turnbull as prime minister. Turnbull resigned from Parliament, triggering a by-election in his former seat of Wentworth . The Liberal Party lost the by-election to independent candidate Kerryn Phelps , which resulted in
19796-553: The National Innovation and Science Agenda as its key economic priority, working to promote STEM education, increase venture capital funding for new start-ups , and launch an "ideas boom". Turnbull also pursued "city deals" with local and state governments to improve planning outcomes and encourage investment in major infrastructure projects such as the Western Sydney Airport . In 2016, Turnbull led
19998-584: The Netherlands. Duynhoven, the New Zealand-born son of a Dutch-born father, had possessed dual citizenship from birth but had temporarily lost his Dutch citizenship as a result of a change in Dutch law in 1995 regarding non-residents. While New Zealand's Electoral Act allowed candidates with dual citizenship to be elected as MPs, Section 55 of the Act stated that an MP who applied for citizenship of
20200-510: The OzCar program, sparking the ' OzCar affair '. Turnbull later repeated these allegations in Parliament, stating that Prime Minister Kevin Rudd and Treasurer Wayne Swan had "used their offices and taxpayers' resources to seek advantage for one of their mates and then lied about it to the Parliament" and that they needed to "either explain their actions or resign". On 22 June, the email Grech had secretly provided to Turnbull supporting allegation
20402-405: The Paris attacks. Turnbull said he did not wish to "engage in a textual debate" from overseas. One of the reasons Turnbull gave for challenging for the Liberal leadership was dissatisfaction with the economic message and tone of the Abbott government. In his first press conference as Prime Minister-designate, Turnbull said the government needed to build confidence in the Australian economy amongst
20604-486: The Prime Minister would still hold his job in a week's time. The following day, the ABC's 7.30 reported that "The tensions between the Prime Minister and the colleagues campaigning to oust him are heading to a showdown." Liberal MPs Don Randall and Luke Simpkins called a February 2015 spill motion to spill the leadership positions of the party, though with no contender. The motion failed 61 to 39. Abbott reportedly asked
20806-541: The Prime Ministership, Turnbull intervened to delay the release of a tax green paper, and the Sydney Morning Herald reported: "According to bureaucrats, the green paper will now not be released until [2016], pending a full 'reset' on taxation policy and a rethink 'from the ground up'. In policy circles, that's regarded as code for the inclusion of the GST." Initially, Turnbull confirmed that
21008-677: The Review to Achieve Educational Excellence in Australian Schools, to examine evidence and make recommendations on how school funding should be used to improve school performance and student outcomes. This report, having followed an earlier report commissioned by the Gillard government and also chaired by Gonski between 2010 and 2013, was referred to as Gonski 2.0, and was published on 30 April 2018. Julie Bishop backed Turnbull's replacement of Tony Abbott as prime minister and retained
21210-501: The Rudd government's proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS). Turnbull announced that his policy would be to support the CPRS, despite significant disagreement among his colleagues. In response, Liberal MPs Wilson Tuckey and Dennis Jensen looked to move a leadership spill motion, intending to nominate Kevin Andrews as a challenger to Turnbull. While this attempt failed, increasing numbers of MPs and Senators publicly criticised
21412-610: The Turnbulls to move from Vaucluse to a small flat in Double Bay , where they lived without much furniture. Turnbull then began to attend Grammar's high school campus on College Street , on a partial scholarship. During this time he lived at the school's former Randwick boarding facilities. Also during this time Bruce remarried, and his business continued to grow. The Turnbulls moved into a large apartment in Point Piper , and
21614-644: The U.S. accepting refugees on Nauru and Manus. Turnbull and President Donald Trump held a phone conversation on 28 January 2017, the transcript of which was later leaked to The Washington Post . On 2 February 2017, Trump tweeted that Obama's deal was "dumb". US Vice President Mike Pence later confirmed that the United States would honour the deal, subject to "extreme vetting" of asylum seekers. Australia began receiving Central American asylum seekers in July 2017. Turnbull government Prime Minister of Australia [REDACTED] The Turnbull government
21816-465: The UK government even after they renounce British allegiance to the satisfaction of US authorities. Irish nationality law applies to the whole of the island of Ireland , which at present is divided politically between the sovereign Republic of Ireland , which has jurisdiction over the majority of Ireland, and Northern Ireland , which consists of 6 of the 9 counties of the Irish province of Ulster, and
22018-515: The US Chief Justice John Rutledge ruled "a man may, at the same time, enjoy the rights of citizenship under two governments", but the US requires applicants for naturalization to swear to an oath renouncing all prior "allegiance and fidelity" to any other nation or sovereignty as part of the naturalization ceremony. However, some countries do not recognise one of its citizens renouncing their citizenship. Effectively,
22220-416: The US and European governments. In 1874, President Ulysses S. Grant , in his annual message to Congress , decried the phenomenon of people "claiming the benefit of citizenship, while living in a foreign country, contributing in no manner to the performance of the duties of a citizen of the United States, and without intention at any time to return and undertake those duties, to use the claims to citizenship of
22422-528: The US and several other European countries over their tendency to conscript naturalized US citizens visiting their former homelands. In addition, many 19th century European immigrants to the United States eventually returned to their homelands after naturalizing as US citizens and some cases then attempted to use their US citizenship for diplomatic protection. The US State Department had to decide which US citizens it should protect and which were subjected to local law, resulting in tensions with immigrant communities in
22624-671: The US-led air campaign against IS in Iraq and Syria. Turnbull replaced Abbott supporter Kevin Andrews with Senator Marise Payne , who became Australia's first female Defence Minister, amid Australia's deployment to the Mid-East. Shortly after Turnbull took office, Russia commenced a separate military intervention in Syria, against opponents of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad . US Secretary of State John Kerry , criticised Russia's tactics and told
22826-615: The United Nations in response that "we are now in position with France, Australia, Canada, Turkey, and other coalition partners joining the campaign, to dramatically accelerate our efforts". on 27 October, Abbott criticised the lack of progress of the US–led Coalition on the ground. Turnbull said there were no "current" plans to change the nature of Australia's deployment to the conflict. The ongoing threat of Islamist terrorism made its presence felt in Australia and abroad within
23028-459: The United States are still subject to tax on their worldwide income, although U.S. tax law provides measures to reduce or eliminate double taxation issues for some, namely exemption of earned income (up to an inflation-adjusted threshold which, as of 2023, is $ 120,000 ), exemption of basic foreign housing, as well as foreign tax credits . It has been reported that some US citizens have relinquished US citizenship in order to avoid possible taxes,
23230-555: The United States simply as a shield from the performance of the obligations of a citizen elsewhere." The US government negotiated agreements with various European states known as the Bancroft Treaties from 1868 to 1937, under which the signatories pledged to treat the voluntary naturalization of a former citizen or national with another sovereign nation as a renunciation of their citizenship. The theory of perpetual allegiance largely fell out of favor with governments during
23432-499: The United States, Eritrea, and the Philippines Under Spanish tax law, Spanish nationals and companies still have tax obligations with Spain if they move to a country that is in the list of tax havens and cannot justify a strong reason, besides tax evasion. They are required to be residents of that country for a minimum of 5 years; after which they are free from any tax obligations. U.S. persons living outside
23634-485: The United States, dual citizenship is common among politicians or government employees. For example, Arnold Schwarzenegger retained his Austrian citizenship during his service as a Governor of California while US Senator Ted Cruz renounced his Canadian citizenship birthright on 14 May 2014. In 1999, the US Attorney General 's office issued an official opinion that a statutory provision that required
23836-502: The United States. As a matter of fact, if a security clearance applicant's dual citizenship is "based solely on parents' citizenship or birth in a foreign country", that can be a mitigating condition. However, taking advantage of the entitlements of a non-US citizenship can cause problems. For example, possession or use of a foreign passport is a condition disqualifying one from security clearance and "is not mitigated by reasons of personal convenience, safety, requirements of foreign law, or
24038-481: The Vertigan Report, a cost–benefit analysis of providing fast broadband to regional and rural Australia through wireless and satellite services, revealed that continuing the plan would cost nearly A$ 5 billion and was expected to produce only A$ 600 million in economic benefits – a return of just 10%. In spite of the economic cost, Turnbull stated that whilst subsidising broadband to regional areas
24240-471: The assimilation and political connectedness of first-generation Latino immigrants to the United States, finding dual citizens: The study also noted that although dual nationality is likely to disconnect immigrants from the American political system and impede assimilation, the initial signs suggest that these effects seem to be limited almost exclusively to the first generation (although it is mentioned that
24442-635: The atmosphere, even when there are no clouds. The Australian Rain Corporation presented research documents written in Russian, explained by a Russian researcher who spoke to local experts in Russian. Although Turnbull claimed that the Australian Rain Corporation was Australian-based, investigations revealed that it was 75% Swiss-owned. It was also revealed that a prominent stakeholder in the Australian Rain Corporation, Matt Handbury,
24644-499: The backbench. Joe Hockey left Parliament. The Turnbull government continued a number of Abbott government initiatives, promising a plebiscite legalising same-sex marriage, concluding Abbott era initiatives on an anti-domestic violence campaign, funding the National Disability Insurance Scheme , signing a China free trade deal, and reforming Senate voting. The April 2016 refusal of the Senate to pass
24846-491: The ballot by a single vote. After the shock result, Turnbull returned to the backbench and said he would serve out the remainder of his term as Member for Wentworth. On 6 April 2010, he announced he would not seek re-election to the Australian Parliament. However, on 1 May 2010 he reversed this decision saying that he had been convinced by former prime minister John Howard to not give up his political career. At
25048-406: The bills having previously been rejected twice before. Turnbull stated if the Senate rejected the bills a third time, he would advise the governor-general, Sir Peter Cosgrove , to call a double dissolution of Parliament and a federal election for 2 July. Turnbull also brought forward the delivery of the federal budget from 10 to 3 May to facilitate this. On 18 April, the Senate once again rejected
25250-486: The bills to reinstate the ABCC. On 8 May, Turnbull visited Government House to advise Cosgrove to issue the writs for a double dissolution on 9 May; this confirmed the date of the election as 2 July 2016. During the 2016 federal election campaign, a ReachTEL opinion poll of 626 Wentworth voters conducted on 31 May predicted a two-party swing against Turnbull for the first time since his election to Wentworth, revealing
25452-403: The business community. Stephen Koukoulas of the progressive Per Capita think tank wrote for The Guardian that "economic growth is sluggish, unemployment is high, real wages are falling and consumer and business confidence are weak" and that Turnbull therefore had "a year to inject confidence and strength into the economy or else he will be swept from office and condemned to history as a wrecker of
25654-423: The carbon reduction policy in 2009, with other Nationals being "deeply upset" that Turnbull did not acknowledge the Nationals during his first press conference as Prime Minister-designate. Despite these very early tensions, the Nationals ultimately struck a new Coalition agreement with Turnbull on 15 September, shortly before Turnbull was sworn in as prime minister. As part of the agreement, responsibility for water
25856-435: The challenge posed by Islamist terrorism. Media critics accused Abbott of "sniping". In January 2016, Abbott announced his intention to recontest the seat of Warringah at the next election . He won the seat with 61.55% of the vote. On Turnbull's oft-cited key policy differences, climate change , republicanism and same-sex marriage , as well as wider policy generally, he stated his government would continue to follow
26058-526: The closure of camps on Manus and Nauru after The Guardian released leaked incident reports alleging "routine dysfunction and cruelty" on Nauru. In July 2016, the Obama administration set up a refugee centre in Costa Rica in response to a Central American migration crisis . In November, Turnbull and Peter Dutton announced that Australia would accept 1,250 refugees from Central America, in exchange for
26260-465: The collapsed insurance company. The Royal Commissioner's report made no adverse findings against him or Goldman Sachs, however, Turnbull was one of nine defendants who settled later litigation over the collapse in undisclosed payments, thought to be worth as much as $ 500m. In 1981, Turnbull stood for Liberal Party preselection in the Division of Wentworth prior to the 1981 Wentworth by-election . He
26462-636: The concept of dual nationality as a "self-evident absurdity." Roosevelt's article was spurred by the case of P.A. Lelong, a US citizen born in New Orleans to French immigrant parents. He had planned to travel to France on business but had been warned that he might be conscripted to fight in World War I , and when he contacted the State Department for assurances that "my constitutional privileges as an American citizen follow me wherever I go", he
26664-444: The consequential, transformational, and psychological change that occurs in an individual when they go through the naturalization process. In effect, this approach argues that the self-centered taking of an additional citizenship contradicts what it means to be a citizen, in that it becomes a convenient and painless means of attaining improved economic opportunity without any real consequences and can just as easily be discarded when it
26866-517: The course of history has started off being unpopular." Turnbull's closing submissions, 18 December 1986 In 1987, Turnbull established an investment banking firm, Whitlam Turnbull & Co Ltd, in partnership with Neville Wran , the former Labor Premier of New South Wales , and Nicholas Whitlam , the former Chief Executive of the State Bank of New South Wales and the son of former Labor Prime Minister Gough Whitlam . Whitlam parted company with
27068-467: The examples of the Syrian refugee intake and Roads to Recovery. Deloitte Access Economics estimates that the new spending totals $ 5 billion since May. The government said it would remove bulk-billing incentives for pathology services and reduce incentives for MRI services. The social security and welfare payment integrity measures from the previous budget would be broadened to increase revenue. In
27270-405: The expense and complexity of compliance, or because they have been deemed unacceptable to financial institutions in the wake of FATCA . A person with multiple citizenship may have a tax liability to his country of residence and also to one or more of his countries of citizenship; or worse, if unaware that one of his citizenships created a tax liability, that country may consider the person to be
27472-455: The feudal theory of perpetual allegiance to the sovereign. This meant that people could hold multiple citizenships, with none of their nations recognizing any other of their citizenships. Until the early modern era, when levels of migration were insignificant, this was not a serious issue. However, when non-trivial levels of migration began, this state of affairs sometimes led to international incidents, with countries of origin refusing to recognize
27674-634: The findings of the Costigan Commission were handed down, accusing Packer of tax evasion, drug trafficking and murder, Turnbull phoned Premier of Queensland Joh Bjelke-Petersen , requesting an inquest into the Commission's findings. Bjelke-Petersen agreed to hold the inquest, which refuted the Costigan Commission's allegations that Packer had committed murder. In partnership with Bruce McWilliam, he established his own law firm, Turnbull McWilliam. During 1986, Turnbull defended Peter Wright ,
27876-483: The firm in 1990; it operated as Turnbull & Partners Ltd until 1997. Turnbull left the firm he co-founded in 1997 to become a managing director of Goldman Sachs Australia, eventually becoming a partner in Goldman Sachs and Co. Additionally, he worked as a director of Star Technology Systems from 1993 to 1995. During this time Turnbull was also the chairman of Axiom Forest Resources, which conducted logging in
28078-581: The first months of the Turnbull government, with a shooting in Sydney, and major IS-inspired terror attacks in Paris, Beirut, Mali and elsewhere. Turnbull appointed Michael Keenan as Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Counter Terrorism. Immigration Minister Dutton, an Abbott supporter, was excluded from the National Security Committee of Cabinet, reportedly over tensions between himself and Turnbull. As Communications Minister in
28280-422: The first six months of the Turnbull government, a number of senior ministers resigned. Jamie Briggs served as Assistant Minister for Infrastructure and Regional Development in the Abbott government. An Abbott supporter, he reportedly injured his leg in a party in Abbott's office after Abbott was deposed as Prime Minister , and in which a table was damaged. Turnbull appointed Briggs Minister for Cities and
28482-427: The first time in six months. On 14 September 2015, Turnbull announced that he would be challenging Abbott. Turnbull cited extended poor polling by the Abbott government and a need for a new style of "economic leadership" as reasons for mounting his challenge: "We have lost 30 Newspolls in a row. It is clear that the people have made up their mind about Mr Abbott's leadership", he said. In response, Abbott said that he
28684-427: The government's bill to re-establish a watchdog for the construction industry provided Turnbull with a double dissolution trigger. An election was held on 2 July, and the government was returned with its majority in the House of Representatives reduced to one seat. The 2016 election saw a resurgence of the right wing Pauline Hanson 's One Nation Party, and discontented conservative Liberal Senator Cory Bernardi left
28886-508: The homeland, as well as to a higher naturalization rate of immigrants in their countries of residence. A study published in 2007 in The Journal of Politics explored questions of whether allowing dual citizenship impedes cultural assimilation or social integration , increases disconnection from the political process, and degrades national or civic identity/cohesiveness. The rise in tension between mainstream and migrant communities
29088-486: The identity of the foreign country" as is explicitly clarified in a Department of Defense policy memorandum which defines a guideline requiring that "any clearance be denied or revoked unless the applicant surrenders the foreign passport or obtains official permission for its use from the appropriate agency of the United States Government". This guideline has been followed in administrative rulings by
29290-532: The late 19th century. With the consensus of the time being that dual citizenship would only lead to diplomatic problems, more governments began prohibiting it and revoking the nationality of citizens holding another nationality. By the mid-20th century, dual nationality was largely prohibited worldwide, although there were exceptions. For example, a series of United States Supreme Court rulings permitted Americans born with citizenship in another country to keep it without losing their US citizenship. Most nations revoked
29492-492: The laws of another nation by requiring such individuals to choose one of their nationalities upon reaching the age of maturity. The US State Department, invoking provisions of the Bancroft treaties, systematically stripped US citizenship from naturalized US citizens who returned to live in their native countries for extended periods of time. However, in the absence of multilateral cooperation regarding dual nationality, enforcement
29694-400: The leader of the Nationals, served as deputy prime minister until he retired in 2016 and was replaced by Barnaby Joyce . Joyce resigned in February 2018 and the Nationals' new leader Michael McCormack became deputy prime minister. The Turnbull government concluded with Turnbull's resignation ahead of internal leadership ballot which saw him succeeded as prime minister by Scott Morrison and
29896-534: The media on issues such as an apology to the Stolen Generations was what had cost him the leadership. This led to a disagreement between the two and culminated in Minchin privately telling Turnbull that he was "too fucking sensitive." In May 2008, Turnbull led the Coalition response to the 2008 Australian federal budget , criticising the increased taxes on luxury cars and certain alcoholic drinks, citing
30098-467: The meeting of Liberal MPs plotting against Tony Abbott on the night before the spill" as Abetz and Dutton called on Bishop to explain. Former ministers Abetz and Andrews expressed some discontent at government direction, while Bruce Billson announced his retirement and Ian Macfarlane – with the support of Deputy Prime Minister Warren Truss – attempted to switch to the National Party, but the move
30300-463: The ministry, following an expenses scandal. Greg Hunt was appointed as Ley's replacement as the Minister for Health and Sport, and Ken Wyatt was appointed Assistant Minister for Health and Minister for Indigenous Health and Aged Care, both with effect from 24 January 2017. Dual citizenship Multiple citizenship (or multiple nationality ) is a person's legal status in which a person
30502-582: The modern awards system. Turnbull was sworn in as prime minister at around 1:30 pm AEST on 15 September 2015, by the Governor-General, Sir Peter Cosgrove , in a ceremony at Government House . Question Time for the House of Representatives was delayed until 2:30 pm AEST to accommodate this. Turnbull announced his new ministry on 20 September. In an extensive reshuffle, he dropped Joe Hockey , Eric Abetz , Ian Macfarlane , Kevin Andrews , Michael Ronaldson and Bruce Billson , increased
30704-556: The months following the leadership change, Coalition tensions remained. Liberal Party rank and file and backbench divisions emerged as a result of the replacement of an elected prime minister. Immigration Minister Dutton was excluded from the National Security Committee of Cabinet, reportedly over tensions between himself and Turnbull. In November, Fairfax reported: "Simmering tensions over the September leadership coup have flared up amid revelations Julie Bishop's chief of staff attended
30906-456: The murder of bank manager Ian Coote, among other crimes. The Commission believed that Packer had committed the murder to hide other criminal activities. Turnbull attempted to use the press to goad the counsel assisting the commission, Douglas Meagher QC, into suing him and Packer for a 6000-word statement intentionally defamatory of Costigan and Meagher, accusing them of being "unjust, capricious, dishonest and malicious". The statement worked, and it
31108-557: The murder. Amid the deteriorating Syrian Civil War and following Germany's decision to open its borders to large numbers of asylum seekers, Tony Abbott delivered the Margaret Thatcher Lecture in London on 28 October, and urged Europe to look to the Australian example of border management, and for the international community to do more to resolve the Syrian conflict. In a joint conference with Turnbull on 13 November,
31310-582: The nation's heart". Turnbull retired from the Australian Republican Movement in 2000, having already left the board of Ausflag in 1994; he joined the Australian National Flag Association in 2004. Turnbull has had a long affiliation with the Liberal Party of Australia throughout his career. During his time in the Australian Republican Movement however, he considered running for preselection for
31512-488: The nationality of their citizens who naturalized in another nation, as well as if they displayed significant evidence of political or social loyalty to another nation such as military service, holding political office, or even participating in elections. In some cases, naturalization was conditional on renunciation of previous citizenship. Many nations attempted to resolve the issue of dual citizenship emanating from people born in their territory but who inherited citizenship under
31714-437: The network build would likely expand up to an additional $ 15 billion, with NBN Co likely to take on the additional expenditure as debt. Though still cheaper than the original Labor Party NBN policy, which aimed to deliver much faster connection speeds, the peak funding requirement under the Liberal model ran to between $ 46 billion and $ 56 billion. Following persistent leadership tensions amidst poor opinion polling,
31916-503: The new nationalities of natives who had migrated, and, when possible, conscripting natives who had naturalized as citizens of another country into military service. The most notable example was the War of 1812 , triggered by British impressment into naval service of US sailors who were alleged to be British subjects. In the aftermath of the 1867 Fenian Rising , Irish-born naturalized American citizens who had gone to Ireland to participate in
32118-471: The number of liberals and decreased the number of conservatives in cabinet, female cabinet ministers rose from two to five, and Marise Payne was appointed as Australia's first female Minister for Defence . The number of cabinet ministers rose from 19 to 21. In addition to the Health and Sport portfolios which she held in the Abbott government, Sussan Ley was later appointed Minister for Aged Care. Within
32320-467: The numbers in the branches. In 2003, Turnbull announced that he would challenge King for the seat and successfully defeated him to become the Liberal candidate. During what was a bitter preselection campaign, King accused Turnbull of branch stacking , by having local members transferring their membership to a branch that would decide the pre-selection, what King referred to as "branch stripping". Following his preselection loss, King stood against Turnbull at
32522-550: The only way for a country to avoid multiple citizenship is to deny its citizenship to people in cases when they would have another citizenship. This may take the following forms: Countries may bestow citizenship automatically (i.e., "by operation of law"), which may result in multiple citizenships, in the following situations: Some countries have special rules relating to multiple citizenships, such as: Many countries allow foreigners or former citizens to live and work indefinitely there. However, for voting, being voted and working for
32724-416: The other hand, Israel may view some dual citizens as desirable candidates for its security services because of their ability to legitimately enter neighbouring states which are closed to Israeli passport holders. The related case of Ben Zygier has caused debate about dual citizenship in Australia. This perception of dual loyalty can apply even when the job in question does not require security clearance. In
32926-585: The party and established the Australian Conservatives soon after. The now elected Turnbull government secured passage of the Registered Organisations and Australian Building and Construction Commission legislation. In 2017, it announced Federal funds for expansion of Snowy Hydro . In June 2017, it introduced the "Gonski 2.0" reforms to schools funding. Factional strains continued. Turnbull's ousting of Abbott had divided
33128-446: The party leadership. Turnbull declared his candidacy later that same day, and was considered by the media as a favourite. On 29 November he narrowly lost the leadership vote to Brendan Nelson by three votes; Nelson quickly appointed Turnbull Shadow Treasurer . Shortly after the vote, fellow Shadow Cabinet Minister Nick Minchin publicly suggested that Turnbull's failure to consult with party colleagues before declaring his opinion to
33330-453: The person in question may still possess both citizenships, notwithstanding the technical fact that they may have explicitly renounced one of the country's citizenships before officials of the other. For example, the UK recognizes a renunciation of citizenship only if it is done with competent UK authorities. Consequently, British citizens naturalized in the US remain British citizens in the eyes of
33532-405: The position, with several resigning from the Shadow Cabinet, including Tony Abbott . On 1 December 2009, just one week after Turnbull announced the policy on the CPRS, Abbott announced he would challenge Turnbull for the leadership. Though initially regarded as having little chance of success, with Turnbull stating in public that Abbott did not have the numbers to win, Abbott defeated Turnbull in
33734-439: The post of Minister for Foreign Affairs in the Turnbull government. Andrew Robb supported Abbott, but remained Minister for Trade and Investment until announcing his retirement in February 2016. He was replaced by Steven Ciobo . Malcolm Turnbull's first overseas visit as prime minister was to New Zealand, in October 2015, where he met with Prime Minister John Key and discussed immigration rules. In November, he embarked on
33936-445: The potential to act contrary to a government's interests, and this may lead to difficulties in acquiring government employment where security clearance may be required. In the United States, dual citizenship is associated with two categories of security concerns: foreign influence and foreign preference. Contrary to common misconceptions, dual citizenship in itself is not the major problem in obtaining or retaining security clearance in
34138-635: The pressure of the school fees was relieved. Although a mediocre mathematician, Turnbull excelled in Greek, English, and History, and joined the debating and drama clubs, where he won the Lawrence Campbell Oratory Competition and starred in numerous Shakespeare plays, respectively. He was made senior school co-captain in 1972, however, contrary to certain sources, Turnbull was not the dux of his graduating year at Sydney Grammar. In 1987, in memory of his late father, he set up
34340-401: The primary vote with a 57%/43% Liberal/Labor preference split which meant Turnbull was elected, albeit on a reduced 55.5% two-party vote after a 2.4% swing . The result meant that Wentworth was classified as a marginal seat for the first time since the 1993 federal election . Announcing a cabinet reshuffle on 24 January 2006, Prime Minister John Howard promoted Turnbull from the backbench to
34542-470: The project to meet 48 "strict environmental" conditions. In February 2007, Turnbull was criticised for claiming a government allowance of A$ 175 a night and paying it to his wife as rent while living in a townhouse owned by her in Canberra. During the 2007 federal election campaign, Turnbull announced that if re-elected the government would contribute A$ 10 million to the investigation of an untried Russian technology that aims to trigger rainfall from
34744-399: The public sector or the national security in a country, citizenship of the country concerned is almost always required. A statement that a country "does not recognize" multiple citizenship is confusing and ambiguous. Often, it is simply a restatement of the Master Nationality Rule, whereby a country treats a person who is a citizen of both that country and another in the same way as one who is
34946-399: The responsibility of the Department of Environment, which was seen as a sign that the agencies were going to be retained. Australia attended the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference and adopted the Paris Agreement . The agreement includes a review of emission reduction targets every 5 years from 2020. During the term of the Abbott government, Australia had committed to supporting
35148-441: The rights of Spanish citizens resident in Spain—and hence the EU—until they move back to Spain. Some countries offer former citizens or citizens of former colonies of the country a simplified (re-)naturalization process. Depending on the laws of the two countries in question, dual citizenship may or may not be allowed. For details, see " right of return ". Another example of "dormant citizenship" (or "hidden citizenship") occurs when
35350-722: The rights of citizenship in each country whose citizenship they are holding (such as right to a passport, right to enter the country, right to work , right to own property, right to vote , etc.) but may also be subject to obligations of citizenship (such as a potential obligation for national service, becoming subject to taxation on worldwide income, etc.). Some countries do not permit dual citizenship or only do in certain cases (e.g., inheriting multiple nationalities at birth). This may be by requiring an applicant for naturalization to renounce all existing citizenship, by withdrawing its citizenship from someone who voluntarily acquires another citizenship, or by other devices. Some countries permit
35552-432: The role of parliamentary secretary , giving him special responsibility for water at the height of the 2000s Australian drought . On 26 September 2006, Howard announced the creation of a new Office of Water Resources, sitting within the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet , to address the problem of drought in Australia; Turnbull was given responsibility for this office. In January 2007, Howard promoted Turnbull to
35754-403: The same policies of the Abbott government . Reflecting a change in the Abbott government stance concerning the Australian honours system , on 2 November 2015, Turnbull announced that the Queen approved the government's request to amend the Order's letters patent and cease awards as Knights and Dames in the Order of Australia after Cabinet agreed that the titles were no longer appropriate in
35956-412: The social sector. The three-hour meeting did not result in any policy commitments, but the participants agreed on the need for economic growth, returning to a budget surplus, increasing employment, investing in infrastructure and pushing for innovation and increased productivity. The MYEFO was expected to include savings measures, as Morrison had stated that "any new spending must be fully offset", giving
36158-418: The state parliaments, and the regulations vary by state. A court case (see Sue v Hill ) determined that the UK is a foreign power for purposes of this section of the constitution, despite Australia holding a common nationality with it at the time that the Constitution was written, and that Senator-elect Heather Hill had not been duly elected to the national parliament because at the time of her election she
36360-601: The uprising and were caught were charged with treason , as the British authorities considered them to be British subjects. This outraged many Irish-Americans, to which the UK responded by pointing out that, just like British law, US law also recognized perpetual allegiance. As a result, Congress passed the Expatriation Act of 1868 , which granted Americans the right to freely renounce their US citizenship. The UK followed suit, and starting from 1870 British subjects who naturalized as US citizens lost their British nationality. During this time, diplomatic incidents had also arisen between
36562-405: Was "dismayed by the destabilisation that's been taking place now for many, many months" and that Australia needed "strong and stable government and that means avoiding, at all costs, Labor's revolving-door prime ministership". A September 2015 leadership spill was called, with Turnbull challenging Abbott, and winning by 54 votes to 44, and Abbott supporter Kevin Andrews challenging Julie Bishop for
36764-471: Was a subject or citizen of a foreign power. However, the High Court of Australia also ruled that dual citizenship on its own would not be enough to disqualify someone from validly sitting in Parliament. The individual circumstances of the non-Australian citizenship must be looked at although the person must make a reasonable effort to renounce his or her non-Australian citizenship. However, if that other citizenship cannot be reasonably revoked (for example, if it
36966-412: Was accused of sexual harassment . Mal Brough was stood down from the ministry at the same time as Briggs resigned. Brough's standing down followed news that the Australian Federal Police were investigating him over an alleged copying of the diary of former speaker Peter Slipper . Brough had served as a Minister in the Howard government , but lost his seat in the 2007 election. He was re-elected at
37168-498: Was alleged to have been faked by Grech. Grech subsequently admitted the forgery, with an Australian National Audit Office inquiry on 4 August clearing both Rudd and Swan of any wrongdoing. The resulting embarrassment of having repeated false allegations, as well as Turnbull's demeanour throughout the OzCar affair, was judged as the cause of a subsequent significant decline in his approval ratings in opinion polls. On 24 November 2009, Liberal and National MPs and Senators met to discuss
37370-399: Was announced that university funding would be a reduced by 2.5%.; university fees would go up by $ 2,000 to $ 3,600 for a four-year course, an increase of 1.8% in 2018, and 7.5% by 2022; and from 1 July 2018, the income level at which HECS debt repayments start would be reduced, from $ 55,000 to $ 42,000. In 2017 the Turnbull government commissioned David Gonski to chair an independent panel,
37572-561: Was appointed the Governor General of Canada (official representative of the Queen ). Although Jean no longer holds citizenship in her native Haiti , her marriage to French-born filmmaker Jean-Daniel Lafond allowed her to obtain French citizenship several years before her appointment. Article 23-8 of the French civil code allows the French government to withdraw French nationality from French citizens holding government or military positions in other countries and Jean's appointment made her both de facto head of state and commander-in-chief of
37774-402: Was automatically a British citizen ; this was subjected to restrictions from 1983. These laws may create situations where a person may satisfy the citizenship requirements of more than one country simultaneously. This would, in the absence of laws of one country or the other, allow the person to hold multiple citizenships. National laws may include criteria as to the circumstances, if any, in which
37976-498: Was blocked by the Liberals. Hockey's seat of North Sydney went to a by-election, which saw a 12.84% swing against the Liberal Party. Abbott criticised the leaders of the effort to bring him down, and promised "no sniping" in his final speech as prime minister. On 16 September, it was reported that Abbott intended to stay in parliament. As a backbencher, Abbott continued his commentary on the record of his government and on world affairs, particularly in relation to national security and
38178-409: Was born in Sydney, on 24 October 1954, the only child of Bruce Bligh Turnbull and Coral Magnolia Lansbury . His father was a hotel broker, while his mother was a radio actor, writer, and academic, and a second cousin of the British film and television actress Angela Lansbury . His maternal grandmother, May Lansbury ( née Morle), was born in England, while his other grandparents were Australian-born. He
38380-417: Was defeated by Peter Coleman , who went on to win the seat. In 1982, following his retirement from politics, former prime minister William McMahon nominated Turnbull as his preferred successor in Lowe ; the Liberals chose another candidate, and lost the by-election to Labor. Turnbull later attempted preselection in the safe state seat of Mosman in 1983, losing to Phillip Smiles . He let his membership of
38582-506: Was informed that France would regard him as a citizen under its jus sanguinis laws, and that the State Department could give no assurances regarding his liability for military service if he voluntarily placed himself in French jurisdiction. However, the consensus against dual nationality began to erode as a result of changes in social mores and attitudes. By the late 20th century, it was becoming gradually accepted again. Many states were lifting restrictions on dual citizenship. For example,
38784-444: Was into a 2014 private trip to China during which Robert had met with a Chinese government minister at an agreement signing ceremony between Chinese and Australian companies. Following these retirements and resignations, a ministerial reshuffle was announced on 13 February 2016. The new ministry , including Barnaby Joyce , who had been elected as leader of the National Party on 11 February and therefore became deputy prime minister,
38986-418: Was involved in student politics, serving as board director of the University of Sydney Union and a member of the Students' Representative Council . He also worked part-time as a political journalist for Nation Review , Radio 2SM and Channel 9 , covering state politics. Around this time, Turnbull would meet businessman Kerry Packer , for whom he would later do extensive legal work. In 1978, Turnbull won
39188-469: Was leaky. Many individuals continued to hold dual nationality by circumstance of birth, including most children born in the US to non-citizen parents. At the League of Nations Codification Conference, 1930 , an attempt was made to codify nationality rules into a universal worldwide treaty, the 1930 Hague Convention, whose chief aims would be to completely abolish both statelessness and dual citizenship. The 1930 Convention on Certain Questions Relating to
39390-454: Was legally resident on the island of Ireland for 3 out of the 4 years immediately before their birth (excluding residence on a student visa, awaiting an international protection decision or residence under a declaration of subsidiary protection). Some countries may take measures to avoid creation of multiple citizenship. Since a country has control only over who has its citizenship but has no control over who has any other country's citizenship,
39592-626: Was necessary because neither individual's new country permits retention of a former citizenship. Adamkus was a high-ranking official in the Environmental Protection Agency , a federal government department, during his time in the United States. Former Latvian president Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga relinquished Canadian citizenship upon taking office in 1999. In some cases, multiple citizenship can create additional tax liability. Almost all countries that impose tax normally base tax liability on source or residency. A very small number of countries tax their non-resident citizens on foreign income; examples include
39794-425: Was printed in full in many newspapers, increasing public opinion of Packer. Turnbull later advised Packer to sue Meagher for defamation, an action that was struck down by Justice David Hunt as being an abuse of process , saying that Turnbull had managed "to poison the fountain of justice". These tactics made Turnbull enemies within the NSW Bar Association, leading to Turnbull's departure from that organisation. After
39996-402: Was re-elected, but in February 2018 Turnbull denounced him and forced his resignation after the press reported on an office affair he had been conducting with a staffer. By-election losses in July 2018 further diminished Turnbull's authority. Dissent from conservative MPs over issues such as energy prices and immigration levels grew during Turnbull's final months. On 21 August, Turnbull announced
40198-504: Was subjected to fierce condemnation and social shaming. It was framed as disloyalty and widely compared to bigamy . George Bancroft , the American diplomat who would later go on to negotiate the first of the Bancroft treaties, which were named for him, stated in 1849 that nations should "as soon tolerate a man with two wives as a man with two countries; as soon bear with polygamy as that state of double allegiance." In 1915, former US President Theodore Roosevelt published an article deriding
40400-466: Was sworn in on 18 February 2016. Fiona Nash , who had been elected as Deputy Leader of the Nationals, Darren Chester and Steve Ciobo moved into the cabinet. A range of other appointees to the outer ministry were also sworn in. Turnbull confirmed that his government would keep the emissions reductions targets set by the Abbott government . Under Turnbull, the Australian Renewable Energy Agency and Clean Energy Finance Corporation were transferred to
40602-454: Was the federal executive government of Australia led by the 29th prime minister of Australia , Malcolm Turnbull , from 2015 to 2018. It succeeded the Abbott government , which brought the Coalition to power at the 2013 Australian federal election . The government consisted of members of Australia's Liberal - Nationals Coalition . Turnbull took office by challenging his leader, Tony Abbott , in an internal leadership ballot . Warren Truss ,
40804-440: Was transferred from Liberal Greg Hunt 's environment portfolio to Nationals Barnaby Joyce 's agriculture portfolio. The Nationals successfully negotiated a total of $ 4 billion worth of deals from Turnbull in exchange for a continued Coalition agreement. They also received assurances from Turnbull that he would maintain the policy positions of the Abbott government in relation to carbon pricing and in relation to requiring
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