A Malassay ( Harari : መለሳይ Mäläsay , Somali : Maalasay) was a member of the elite cavalry units that formed the Adal Sultanate 's household troops . According to Manfred Kropp, Malassay were the Harari armed forces.
12-549: Malassay appears to refer to a military rank or warrior in Afar and Harari languages. According to Dr. Duri Mohammed , Malassay in ancient times referred to Harari soldiers, however in the present day it refers to a brotherhood or member of a fraternity. According to Harari scholar Abdurrahman Qorram and others, Malassay derives from the root Harari terms "mälä" (idea/solution) and "say" (wealth/prosperity).” Early Ge'ez and Portuguese texts indicate Muslim soldiers were known as
24-635: A translated version of the Eritrean constitution. In education, however, Afar speakers prefer Arabic – which many of them speak as a second language – as the language of instruction. In the Afar Region of Ethiopia, Afar is also recognized as an official working language. Since 2020, Afar is one of the five official working languages of Ethiopia. The consonants of the Afar language in the standard orthography are listed below in angle brackets (preceded by
36-688: Is further categorized in the Lowland East Cushitic sub-group, along with Saho and Somali . Its closest relative is the Saho language. The Afar language is spoken as a mother tongue by the Afar people in Djibouti , Eritrea , and the Afar Region of Ethiopia . According to Ethnologue , there are 2,600,000 total Afar speakers. Of these, 1,280,000 were recorded in the 2007 Ethiopian census, with 906,000 monolinguals registered in
48-569: The Somali under their Harari moniker Tumur had deserted thus Manfred Kropp argues the Malassay were of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Under the seventeenth century Emirate of Harar , the entire army was commanded by a Garad who had several militias under him labeled the Malassay. In the contemporary era, the term Malassay survives as a subgroup of the Harari people. According to Umar, Malga-Gello
60-480: The 1994 census. In Djibouti, Afar is a recognized national language. It is also one of the broadcasting languages of the Radio Television of Djibouti public network. In Eritrea, Afar is recognized as one of nine national languages which formally enjoy equal status although Tigrinya and Arabic are by far of greatest significance in official usage. There are daily broadcasts on the national radio and
72-674: The Adal Sultanate. In the sixteenth century the main troops of Adal Sultanate's leader Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi were the Malassay during the invasion of Abyssinia. A few notable Malassay were Amir Husain bin Abubaker the Gaturi and Alus the Hegano . According to sixteenth century Adal writer Arab Faqīh , the Malassay participated in the conquest of Abyssinia at the decisive Battle of Shimbra Kure . Emperor Lebna Dengel chronicles states
84-533: The IPA notation): Voiceless stop consonants which close syllables are released, e.g., [ʌkʰˈme] . Sentence final vowels of affirmative verbs are aspirated (and stressed), e.g. Sentence final vowels of negative verbs are not aspirated (nor stressed), e.g. Sentence final vowels of interrogative verbs are lengthened (and stressed), e.g. Otherwise, stress in word-final. Possible syllable shapes are V, VV, VC, VVC, CV, CVV and CVVC. As in most other Cushitic languages,
96-689: The Malassay alongside Qecchin were the Muslim enemy that invaded. According to Mohammed Hassen the Malassay under Ahmed consisted of the Harla and Harari ethnic groups. Ethiopian historian Merid Wolde Aregay associated the Malassay with Semitic speakers. In the reign of Emperor Sarsa Dengel , the Hadiya Kingdom was supported by 500 Malassay donning cuirass who had arrived from Harar territory to battle Ethiopia. Sarsa Dengel chronicles mentions Malassay rebels of Elmag (an unidentified group) and
108-627: The Malassay. In the thirteenth century the Malassay appear to back the Amhara rebel Yekuno Amlak in his conflict with the Zagwe dynasty . Historians have identified the Gafat regiments of the Malassay played a key role in founding the Christian Solomonic dynasty . Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi was originally a Malassay serving under a Garad named Abun Adashe prior to becoming leader of
120-583: The basic word order in Afar is subject–object–verb . In Ethiopia, Afar used to be written with the Ge'ez script (Ethiopic script). Since around 1849, the Latin script has been used in other areas to transcribe the language. Additionally, Afar is also transcribed using the Arabic script . In the early 1970s, two Afar intellectuals and nationalists, Dimis and Redo, formalized the Afar alphabet. Known as Qafar Feera ,
132-578: The forefather of the Siltʼe people 's clan Ulbareg was a captain of the Malassay. Afar language Afar (Afar: Qafaraf ; also known as ’Afar Af , Afaraf , Qafar af ) is an Afroasiatic language belonging to the Cushitic branch. It is spoken by the Afar people inhabiting Djibouti , Eritrea and Ethiopia . Afar is classified within the Cushitic branch of the Afroasiatic family. It
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#1732772095169144-750: The orthography is based on the Latin script. Officials from the Institut des Langues de Djibouti, the Eritrean Ministry of Education, and the Ethiopian Afar Language Studies and Enrichment Center have since worked with Afar linguists, authors and community representatives to select a standard orthography for Afar from among the various existing writing systems used to transcribe the language. Radio Television of Djibouti Too Many Requests If you report this error to
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