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26-482: Mali GPUs were developed by Falanx Microsystems A/S , which was a spin-off of a research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology . Arm Holdings acquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company to Arm Norway . It was originally named Malaik , but the team shortened the name to Mali , Serbo-Croatian for "small" , which was thought to be fitting for

52-537: A mobile GPU. On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Immortalis series of GPUs with hardware-based Ray Tracing support. In 2005, Falanx announced their Utgard GPU Architecture, the Mali-200 GPU. Arm followed up with the Mali-300, Mali-400, Mali-450, and Mali-470. Utgard was a non-unified GPU (discrete pixel and vertex shaders). On November 10, 2010, Arm announced their Midgard 1st gen GPU Architecture, including

78-527: A single or multiple streams simultaneously. The design continues the 1–8 variable core number design, with a single core supporting 1080p60 while 8 cores can drive 4Kp120. It can decode and encode VP9 10-bit, VP9 8-bit, HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG and decode only MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, H.263. The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018. The processor

104-592: Is also capable of 3K (2880x1440) @ 120 Hz and 4K @ 90 Hz. On April 25, 2017 the Mali-C71 was announced, ARM's first image signal processor (ISP). On January 3, 2019 the Mali-C52 and C32 were announced, aimed at everyday devices including drones, smart home assistants and security, and internet protocol (IP) camera. On September 29, 2020 the Mali-C71AE image signal processor was introduced, alongside

130-506: Is intended to support 4K (including HDR) video on mainstream devices. The platform is scalable from 1 to 4 cores and doubles the decode performance relative to V61. It also adds High 10 H.264 encode (Level 5.0) and decode (Level 5.1) capabilities, as well as AVS Part 2 (Jizhun) and Part 16 (AVS+, Guangdian) decode capability for YUV420. The Mali V76 video processor was released with the Mali G76 GPU and Cortex-A76 CPU in 2018. The V76

156-535: Is not necessary for S-Video sources. Next, the chrominance is demodulated to produce color difference video data. At this point, the data may be modified so as to adjust brightness, contrast, saturation and hue. Finally, the data is transformed by a color space converter to generate data in conformance with any of several color space standards, such as RGB and YCbCr . Together, these steps constitute video decoding because they "decode" an analog video format such as NTSC or PAL . This electronics-related article

182-467: Is part of the mainline Linux kernel. and MESA. Panfrost supports OpenGL ES 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1, as well as OpenGL 3.1. Later Collabora has developed panthor driver for G310, G510, G710 GPUs. Arm Norway Arm Norway is a fabless semiconductor company based in Trondheim , Norway founded in 2001, as Falanx Microsystems AS . Falanx Microsystems was spun off a 1998 research project from

208-400: Is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880 and Mali-G series. The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following systems on chips (SoCs): Mali Video is the name given to ARM Holdings ' dedicated video decoding and video encoding ASIC . There are multiple versions implementing a number of video codecs , such as HEVC , VP9 , H.264 and VP8 . As with all ARM products,

234-508: The Mali brand. Other Mali products include hardware acceleration for image, video and display processing . Video decoding A video decoder is an electronic circuit , often contained within a single integrated circuit chip, that converts base-band analog video signals to digital video. Video decoders commonly allow programmable control over video characteristics such as hue , contrast , and saturation . A video decoder performs

260-512: The Norwegian University of Science and Technology . It was acquired by ARM Holdings in June 2006, and renamed to Arm Norway. Arm Norway works with Arm 's Cambridge and Austin design centres to develop graphics processing units for OpenGL , OpenGL ES , DirectX and Vulkan three-dimensional rendering, with emphasis on low electric power consumption, suitable for use in portable devices like mobile phones . Their products are marketed under

286-562: The ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately. The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute: SIMD ISA scalar, clause-based ISA GTexel/s (bilinear) simplified scalar ISA (nm) Some microarchitectures (or just some chips?) support cache coherency for the L2 cache with the CPU. Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression (ASTC)

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312-503: The C52. Multiple C55 ISPs can be combined to support higher than 48 megapixel resolutions. ASIL D / SIL 3 On January 21, 2012, Phoronix reported that Luc Verhaegen was driving a reverse-engineering attempt aimed at the Mali series of GPUs, specifically the Mali 200 and Mali 400 versions. The project was known as Lima and targeted support for OpenGL ES 2.0. The reverse-engineering project

338-574: The Cortex-A78AE CPU and Mali-G78AE GPU. It supports up to 4 real-time cameras or up to 16 virtual cameras with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 4096 each. On June 8, 2022 the Mali-C55 ISP was introduced as successor to the C52. It is the smallest and most configurable image signal processor from Arm, and support up to 8 camera with a max resolution of 48 megapixel each. Arm claims improved tone mapping and spatial noise reduction compared to

364-703: The Mali GPU does not include display controllers driving monitors, in contrast to common desktop video cards . Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display. ARM does, however, license display controller SIP cores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650. ARM also supplies tools to help in authoring OpenGL ES shaders named Mali GPU Shader Development Studio and Mali GPU User Interface Engine . Display controllers such as

390-455: The Mali video processor is a semiconductor intellectual property core licensed to third parties for inclusion in their chips. Real time encode-decode capability is central to videotelephony . An interface to ARM's TrustZone technology is also built-in to enable digital rights management of copyrighted material. The first version of a Mali Video processor was the V500, released in 2013 with

416-723: The Mali-G710, Mali-G510, and Mali-G310 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Valhall 4th Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS22), including the Immortalis-G715, Mali-G715, and Mali-G615 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: On May 29, 2023, Arm announced their 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture (as part of TCS23), including the Immortalis-G720, Mali-G720 and Mali-G620 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: Like other embedded IP cores for 3D rendering acceleration ,

442-713: The Mali-G76 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: On May 27, 2019, Arm announced their Valhall GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G77 GPU, and in October Mali-G57 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include: On May 26, 2020, Arm announced their Valhall 2nd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G78. New microarchitectural features include: On May 25, 2021, Arm announced their Valhall 3rd Gen GPU Architecture (as part of TCS21), including

468-683: The Mali-T604 and later the Mali-T658 GPU in 2011. Midgard uses a Hierarchical Tiling system. On August 6, 2012, Arm announced their Midgard 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T678 GPU. Midgard 2nd gen introduced Forward Pixel Kill. On October 29, 2013, Arm announced their Midgard 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T760 GPU. On October 27, 2014, Arm announced their Midgard 4th gen GPU Architecture, including

494-741: The Mali-T622 GPU. The V500 is a multicore design, sporting 1–8 cores, with support for H.264 and a protected video path using ARM TrustZone . The 8 core version is sufficient for 4K video decode at 120 frames per second (fps). The V500 can encode VP8 and H.264, and decode H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8. Released with the Mali-T800 GPU, ARM V550 video processors added both encode and decode HEVC support, 10-bit color depth, and technologies to further reduced power consumption. The V550 also included technology improvements to better handle latency and save bandwidth. Again built around

520-679: The Mali-T860, Mali-T830, Mali-T820. Their flagship Mali-T880 GPU was announced on February 3, 2015. New microarchitectural features include: On May 27, 2016, Arm announced their Bifrost GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G71 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: On May 29, 2017, Arm announced their Bifrost 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G72 GPU. New microarchitectural features include: On May 31, 2018, Arm announced their Bifrost 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including

546-440: The digital video output bus, a video decoder will also generate a clock signal and other signals such as: The main functional blocks of a video decoder typically include these: Video decoding involves several processing steps. First the analog signal is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter to produce a raw, digital data stream. In the case of composite video , the luminance and chrominance are then separated; this

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572-587: The idea of a scalable number of cores (1–8) the V550 could support between 1080p60 (1 core) to 4K120 (8 cores). The V550 supported HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG encode, and HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8, JPEG decode. The Mali V61 video processor (formerly named Egil) was released with the Mali Bifrost GPU in 2016. V61 has been designed to improve video encoding, in particular HEVC and VP9, and to allow for encoding either

598-669: The inverse function of a video encoder , which converts raw (uncompressed) digital video to analog video. Video decoders are commonly used in video capture devices and frame grabbers . The input signal to a video decoder is analog video that conforms to a standard format. For example, a standard definition (SD) decoder accepts ( composite or S-Video ) that conforms to SD formats such as NTSC or PAL . High definition (HD) decoders accept analog HD formats such as AHD, HD-TVI, or HD-CVI. The output digital video may be formatted in various ways, such as 8-bit or 16-bit 4:2:2 , 12-bit 4:1:1 , BT.656 (SD) or BT.1120 (HD). Usually, in addition to

624-814: Was designed to improve video encoding and decoding performance. The design continues the 2–8 variable core number design, with 8 cores capable of 8Kp60 decoding and 8Kp30 encoding. It claims improves HEVC encode quality by 25% relative to Mali-V61 at launch. The AV1 codec is not supported. The Mali V77 video processor was released with the Mali G77 GPU and Cortex-A77 CPU in 2019. The Mali-D71 added Arm Framebuffer Compression (AFBC) 1.2 encoder, support for ARM CoreLink MMU-600 and Assertive Display 5. Assertive Display 5 has support for HDR10 and hybrid log–gamma (HLG) . The Mali-D77 added features including asynchronous timewarp (ATW) , lens distortion correction (LDC), and chromatic aberration correction (CAC) . The Mali-D77

650-517: Was merged at the same time. It currently supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0 and parts of Desktop OpenGL 2.1, and the fallback emulation in MESA provides full support for graphical desktop environments. Panfrost is a reverse-engineered driver effort for Mali Txxx (Midgard) and Gxx (Bifrost) GPUs. Introducing Panfrost talk was presented at X.Org Developer's Conference 2018. As of May 2019, the Panfrost driver

676-516: Was presented at FOSDEM , February 4, 2012, followed by the opening of a website demonstrating some renders. On February 2, 2013, Verhaegen demonstrated Quake III Arena in timedemo mode, running on top of the Lima driver. In May 2018, a Lima developer posted the driver for inclusion in the Linux kernel. In May 2019, the Lima driver became part of the mainline Linux kernel. The Mesa userspace counterpart

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