The malong is a traditional Filipino - Bangsamoro rectangular or tube-like wraparound skirt bearing a variety of geometric or okir designs. The malong is traditionally used as a garment by both men and women of the numerous ethnic groups in the mainland Mindanao and parts of the Sulu Archipelago . They are wrapped around at waist or chest-height and secured by tucked ends, with belts of braided material or other pieces of cloth, or are knotted over one shoulder. They were traditionally hand-woven, with the patterns usually distinctive to a particular ethnic group. However, modern malong are usually machine-made or even imported, with patterns that mimic the traditional local designs.
29-541: Handwoven malongs are made by Maranao , Maguindanaon , and T'boli weavers on a backstrap loom. The pattern or style of the malong may indicate the weaver's tribal origin, such as the Maranao malong landap . Very rare malong designs and styles can indicate the village in which the malong was made, for example, the extremely intricate malong rawatan made only by a handful of Maranao weavers in Lanao del Sur , Mindanao and
58-403: A dress, a blanket, a sunshade, a bedsheet, a "dressing room", a hammock, a prayer mat, and other purposes. A newborn is wrapped in a malong, and as he grows this piece of cloth becomes a part of his daily life. When he dies, he is once again wrapped in a malong . Among traditional tribal peoples, the malong is used in everyday life. Even in areas where people wear Western-style clothing during
87-540: A walay of lesser nobility, and the common lawig analogous to the bahay kubo . Maranao kulintang music is a type of a gong music. Sarunaay is also found among both Muslim and non-Muslim groups of the Southern Philippines. Kobbing is a Maranao instrument and Biyula is another popular Instrument. Biyula is a string instrument. In 2005, the Darangen Epic of the Maranao people of Lake Lanao
116-404: Is a ubiquitous symbol of their art. It is depicted as a Hoodhud ( Arabic ) with colorful wings and feathered tail, holding a fish on its beak or talons. The head of Sarimanok is like the head of a Hoopoe (Balalatoc in maranaw) and is profusely decorated with scroll, leaf and spiral motifs ( okir ). It is a symbol of good fortune. The Maranao have also developed their own adaptation of
145-430: Is divided into two strata. Namely, mapiyatao (pure) and kasilidan (mixed blood). kasilidan is further subdivided into categories which are as follows; sarowang (non-Maranao), balbal (beast), dagamot (Sorcerer/Sorceress) and bisaya (Slave). The mapiyatao are natives entitled to ascend to thrones by pure royal bloodline. On the other hand, the kasilidan are natives suspected of mixed bloodline. However, due to
174-422: Is imported; those inexpensive machine-made malongs are used for everyday purposes. The designs of traditional handwoven designs are used in imported cotton from Thailand, allowing the purchaser to have a cotton machine-printed malong which, from a distance, convincingly mimics the look of a much more expensive handwoven malong. The malong can function as a skirt for both men and women, a turban , Niqab , Hijab ,
203-771: The Ramayana epic, the Maharadia Lawana . They also have a traditional dance, the Singkil , which was based on another local Ramayana adaptation, the Darangən . Traditional Maranao architecture, like elsewhere in the Philippines and at large maritime Southeast Asia , follows the Austronesian framework of wooden structures on piles, divided in three tiers pertaining to social class: torogan of royalty, mala
232-696: The Bangsamoro region of the Southern Philippines. In the 15th or 16th century, after Shariff Kabungsuwan landed in Mindanao, he first landed in an Iranun kingdom known as T'bok , where he founded a sultanate now known as the Sultanate of Maguindanao . For the duration of the 16th century, the Iranuns and Samal mercenaries were the initial core elements of the sultanate. The Sultanate of Maguindanao traces its ancestry to Iranun roots. For several centuries,
261-540: The Darangen . They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Iranun people and Maguindanao people , all three groups being denoted speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao . They are grouped with other Moro people due to their shared religion. The name "Maranao" (also spelled "Mëranaw", or "Maranaw") means "people of the lake" ( lanaw or ranaw , archaic danaw , means "lake" in
290-565: The Maranao language ). This is in reference to Lake Lanao , the predominant geographic feature of the ancestral homeland of the Maranao people. The original endonym of the ancestral Maranao is believed to be "Iranaoan". This group later diverged, resulting in the modern Maguindanaon and the Iranun people (whose names can also be translated to "people of the lake"), while the ancestral Iranaoan who stayed in Lake Lanao became known as
319-767: The Tiruray or Subanon . Maranao royals have varied infusions of Arab, Indian, Malay, and Chinese ancestry Maranao is an Austronesian language spoken by the Maranao people in the provinces of Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur. Because of the mass influx of Cebuano migrants to Mindanao, many Maranaos are also fluent in Cebuano. Tagalog is also spoken by the Maranaos, which ranks second among its native language, along with English, and Arabic due to its importance to Islam and Maranao culture. Maranao language Lanao del Sur Confederate States of Lanao Ethnic groups in
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#1732787714347348-493: The barkcloth skirts worn by other Austronesian peoples like the direct Polynesian cognate malo or lavalava . Maranao The Maranao people ( Maranao : Bangsa Mëranaw ; Filipino : mga Maranaw ), also spelled Meranaw , Maranaw , and Mëranaw , is a predominantly Muslim Filipino ethnic group native to the region around Lanao Lake in the island of Mindanao . They are known for their artwork, weaving, wood, plastic and metal crafts and epic literature,
377-511: The British colonial era. The Malay term Lanun (which came to mean "pirate") originated from the exonym. In the case of inter-marriages of an Iranun woman and an outsider man, the cultural influences of the woman's family will be more dominant that the outsider man would be considered as an Iranun man; although in a lot of cases this does not happen. Iranuns fought the Western invaders under
406-636: The Iranun territories and into Maguindanaon territory when the capital was transferred to Selangan in 1701 and eventually Tamontaka in 1711, solidifying the dominance of Maguindanaons within the sultanate. This assertion of dominance was also supported by the fact that the Maguindanaons were the predominant ethnic group within the sultanate. For centuries, the Iranun were involved in pirate -related occupations in Southeast Asia. Originally from
435-733: The Iranuns in the Philippines formed part of the Sultanate of Maguindanao. In the past, the seat of the Maguindanao Sultanate was situated at Lamitan (within modern-day Picong, Lanao del Sur) and T'bok , both of which were strongholds of the Iranun society. After the Spanish attack on the sultanate's capital in Lamitan, Sultan Kudarat transferred his capital to Simuay. Eventually, the capital would be transferred away from
464-645: The Maranao. These three ethnic groups are still related to each other, share similar cultures and speak languages belonging to the Danao language family . The Maranao were the last of the Muslims of the Southern Philippines undergoing Islamization , primarily under the influence of the Maguindanao Sultanate . Like neighboring Moros and the Lumads , during the nominal occupation of the Philippines by
493-637: The Philippines Iranun people The Iranun are an Austronesian ethnic group native to southwestern Mindanao , Philippines . They are ethnically and culturally closely related to the Maranao , and Maguindanaon , all three groups being denoted as speaking Danao languages and giving name to the island of Mindanao . The Iranun were traditionally sailors and were renowned for their ship-building skills. Iranun communities can also be found in Malaysia and Philippines . The origin of
522-474: The Philippines. Lanao is the subject of various myths and legends. It supports a major fishery, and powers the hydroelectric plant installed on it; the Agus River system generates 70% of the electricity used by the people of Mindanao. A commanding view of the lake is offered by Marawi City, the provincial capital. Sarimanok , Papanok a " Məra " or "Marapatik" is a legendary bird of the Maranao that
551-513: The Spanish, and later the American and the Japanese, the Maranao had tribal leaders called datu . In the 16th century, upon the arrival of Islam , they developed into kingdoms with sultans due to the influence of Muslim missionaries. Maranao culture can be characterized by: Maranao culture is centered around Lake Lanao, the largest lake in Mindanao, and second-largest and deepest lake in
580-688: The Sultanate of Maguindanao, in southern Mindanao, Iranun colonies spread throughout Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago , the north and east coast of Borneo, and the South China Sea , among others. Most Iranuns are Muslim . Their language is part of the Austronesian family and is most closely related to the language of the Maranao people of Lanao . Historically, the Iranun were given the exonym Ilanun (also spelled variously as Illanun , Illanoan , Illanoon , Ilanoon , etc.) during
609-417: The changes brought by time, these social strata are beginning to decline due to the rise of wealth of each and every Maranao families. Maranaos number 1,800,000 in 2020, representing 1.65% of the population. Along with the Iranun and Maguindanao, the Maranao are one of three, related, indigenous groups native to Mindanao. These groups share genes, linguistic and cultural ties to non-Muslim Lumad groups such as
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#1732787714347638-502: The day, the malong is commonly used as sleepwear. The malong is also used in very big festivals, they wear this to show respect. Two are represented in the Ayala Museum Collection: The "malong a andon" on the left, and the "malong a landap" on the right. Similar wraparound skirts were also worn by other Filipino ethnic groups in the pre-colonial period, like the identical Visayan and Tausug patadyong and
667-482: The flag of the Maguindanao Sultanate. They formed part of the Moro resistance against the American occupation of the Philippines from 1899 to 1913. The Iranun were excellent in maritime activity as they are traditionally sailors and pirates. They used to ply the route connecting the South China Sea , Sulu Sea , Moro Gulf to Celebes Sea , and raided the Spanish held territories along the way. They also extensively mapped
696-475: The handmade fabric inaul decorated with colorful designs by the Maguindanao weavers in Maguindanao province , Mindanao . Handwoven malongs, which are costly, are likely to be used only at social functions, to display the social and economic status of the wearer. While modern malongs are made of cotton and Lurex threads, some contemporary handwoven malongs are made of inexpensive rayon thread, to reduce
725-460: The manufacturing cost to the weaver and ultimate cost to the consumer. There are many grades of cotton thread, and the cost of a malong can also be reduced by using the lesser grades of cotton thread, or by creating a loose or coarse weave. Machine-made printed cotton malongs are made in Indonesia specifically for export to the Philippines, and are commonly referred to as "batik" because the item
754-895: The name "Iranun" remains contested. The "Iranun" ( archaic "Iranaoan") may have been the original endonym of the ancestral group which later split into the Iranun, Maranao, and Maguindanao people. The Iranun and Maranao still speak the language closest to the ancient Proto-Danaw among all of the Danao languages spoken by these groups. The Iranun are native to the southwestern regions of Mindanao . Iranun are found Maguindanao del Norte ( Barira , Buldon , Parang , Matanog , Sultan Mastura , and Sultan Kudarat ), North Cotabato ( Alamada , Banisilan , Carmen , Libungan , and Pigcawayan ); Lanao del Norte ( Kauswagan and Kolambugan ); Lanao del Sur ( Balabagan , Kapatagan , Bumbaran , and Picong ); Bukidnon ( Kalilangan ); and Zamboanga del Sur ( Pagadian City , San Pablo , Dumalinao , Dimataling and Tukuran ). The Iranun have also migrated to
783-610: The other parts of the Philippines, especially in urban areas. Iranun have also migrated to the west coast of Sabah , Malaysia (in which they are found in 25 villages around the Kota Belud and Lahad Datu districts). They have also settled in Kudat and Likas , Kota Kinabalu , in which they assimilated with the Sama-Bajau , owing to their shared naval history as well as their common religious beliefs and same ancestral roots in
812-534: The shorter Tagalog tapis . However, most of these later evolved into a component of the baro't saya worn over a longer skirt (the saya or falda ) due to Spanish influence. Some of them survive among more isolated highlander groups like among the Ifugao people . The malong and other Philippine wraparound skirts are related to the sarong worn by peoples in other parts of Maritime Southeast Asia ( Malaysia , Brunei , East Timor , and Indonesia ), as well as
841-652: Was selected by UNESCO as a Masterpiece of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity . Maranao cuisine is spicier compared to most regions elsewhere in the Philippines, a trait largely shared with much of Mindanao. Traditionally cultivated spices, locally known as palapa ( Bontang, native product of Gandamatu ) are a common condiment . It is made of stewed sakurab scallion bulbs, ginger , and chillies in coconut oil . Dishes are intertwined with important cultural rituals across all aspects of Maranao culture: from birth to death. Traditionally, Maranao society
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