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61-1596: Mallah (Arabic: ملاح , lit.   'to move its wing like a bird') may refer to: Mallaah , or Mallah, a subcaste and ethnic group of traditional boatmen and fishermen tribes found in North India, East India, Northeastern India and Pakistan People with the surname Mallah [ edit ] Ammar Mallah (born 1938), Algerian Arab nationalist and writer Arfana Mallah , Pakistani Human rights activist Hossein Ali Mallah (1921–1992), Iranian musician, musicologist, painter, and author Kripanath Mallah (born 1973), Indian politician Mahlagha Mallah (1917–2021), Iranian environmental activist and librarian Mar'i Pasha al-Mallah (1856–1930), Syrian political leader and statesman Molvi Ahmed Mallah (1877–1969), British Indian Sindhi poet, translator Oveis Mallah (born 1966), Iranian wrestler Sambhu Sing Mallah , Indian politician Taj Muhammad Mallah , Pakistani politician Zaky Mallah (born 1983), Australian terrorist Other uses [ edit ] Mallah, Iran , village in Dezpart County, Khuzestan province, Iran Mallah wrestling, Sindhi traditional wrestlers Laar Museum and Molvi Haji Ahmed Mallah Library in Badin, Sindh, Pakistan Monsieur Mallah , fictional character from DC Comics Topics referred to by

122-572: A Thakur caste dominated village were assassinated by a gang of Mallaah under the leadership of Phoolan Devi. Devi was later inducted as Member of Parliament from Uttar Pradesh by Mulayam Singh Yadav , who acknowledged her popularity among her castemen. The Mallaah and their subcastes called Bind were also active in high value organised crime in the Bihar during 1990s. These organised crimes were kidnapping, Timber logging, forcibly taking contract for public works, automobile theft and smuggling which were

183-485: A boon he conferred on their mother, there's some possibility that he is also their biological sire himself. Hence Vyasa's authorship of the Mahabharata is by way of biography of his own family including its adoptees. This was the struggle between his own ex officio grandsons. And it is in the wake of producing this purportedly historical, smriti Mahabharata as well as 'compiling' the essential sruti scripture of

244-511: A common member of the community was later spearheaded by political parties based on the ideology of Hindutva . In 1990s when Lal Krishna Advani was organising his Ram Rath Yatra to garner the support of Hindus all over India for the establishment of Ram Temple at a disputed site in Ayodhya , Mulayam Singh Yadav 's government took serious steps to prevent the Karsewaks (volunteers of

305-401: A pious learned man," and applied to "persons distinguished for their writings." Swami Vivekananda expresses the opinion that Vyasa may not have been a single person but a lineage of sages who were content to simply develop the ideas without claiming credit, as they were free from desire for the results of their work, and hence attributed the authorship to Vyasa. He says that Vyasa being only

366-432: A secret place in the bushes of a nearby island and a blanket of thick fog. She conceived and immediately gave birth to a son. Parashara named him Krishna Dvaipayana, referring to his dark complexion and birthplace. Dvaipayana became an adult and promised his mother that he would come to her when needed. Parashara restored Satyavati's virginity, gifted her an enchanting smell and left with his son. Satyavati kept this incident

427-483: A secret, not telling even King Shantanu whom she was married to later. Shantanu and Satyavati had two sons, named Chitrāngada and Vichitravirya . Both of them died early without leaving an heir, but Vichitravirya had two wives – Ambika and Ambalika . A widowed Satyavati initially asked her stepson, Bhishma , to marry both the queens, but he refused, citing his vow of celibacy. Satyavati revealed her secret past and requested him to bring her firstborn to impregnate

488-512: A son named Shuka , who was his spiritual successor and heir. As per Skanda Purana , Vyasa married Vatikā, alias Pinjalā, who was the daughter of a sage named Jābāli. It is described that Vyasa's union with her produced his heir, who repeated everything that he heard, thus receiving the name Shuka (lit. Parrot). Other texts including the Devi Bhagavata Purana also narrate the birth of Shuka but with drastic differences. Vyasa

549-607: A title, anyone who composed a new Purana was known by the name Vyasa. Hindus traditionally hold that Vyasa subcategorized the primordial single Veda to produce four parts as a canonical collection. Hence he was called Veda Vyasa, or "Splitter of the Vedas", the splitting being a feat that allowed people to understand the divine knowledge of the Veda. The Vishnu Purana elaborates on the role of Vyasa in Hindu chronology. The Hindu view of

610-614: Is also a dialogue, in which Pandava Prince Arjuna's hesitation to attack his cousins is counseled from 'the perspective of the gods' by his charioteer, revealed to be an avatar of Vishnu. In 1981, Larson stated that "a complete listing of Gita translations and a related secondary bibliography would be nearly endless". The Bhagavad Gita has been highly praised, not only by prominent Indians including Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan , but also by Aldous Huxley , Henry David Thoreau , J. Robert Oppenheimer , Ralph Waldo Emerson , Carl Jung , Herman Hesse , and Bülent Ecevit . In

671-492: Is also called Vyasa , which literally means "one who arranges". During her early years, Satyavati was the daughter of a fisherman, belonging to a clan that used to ferry people across the river. She used to help her father in this task. One day, she helped Parashara to cross the river Yamuna . He was enchanted by her beauty and wanted an heir from her. Initially, Satyavati did not agree, saying that if others would see them, then her purity would be questioned. Parashara created

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732-488: Is as chronicler who sired the father of the victors. These five protagonists are the surrogate sons of Pandu , sired by various gods on behalf of this Kuru king whom Vyasa himself fathered 'under Niyoga practice' in place of an elder brother who died heirless, at the behest of his mother Satyavati . Vyasa also sired the father of the vanquished, he was certainly the surgeon who put the hundred brothers of antagonist cousins into incubation, and as they are only said to be sired by

793-570: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Mallaah The Mallaah are the traditional boatmen and fishermen tribes or communities found in North India , East India , Northeastern India and Pakistan . A significant number of Mallaah are also found in Nepal and Bangladesh . In the Indian state of Bihar , the term Nishad includes

854-405: Is more commonly known as "Veda Vyasa" ( Veda Vyāsa ) as he has compiled the single, eternal Veda into four separate books— Rigveda , Samaveda , Yajurveda and Atharvaveda . The word "Vyasa" ( Vyāsa ) refers to "compiler", or, "arranger", and also means "separation", or, "division." Other meanings are "split", "differentiate", or, "describe." It is also a title, given to "a holy sage or

915-675: Is regarded to be the compiler of the mantras of the Vedas into four texts, as well as the author of the eighteen Puranas and the Brahma Sutras . He is one of the immortals called the Chiranjivis , held by adherents to still be alive in the current age known as the Kali Yuga . Vyasa's birth name is Krishna Dvaipayana , which refers to his dark complexion (krishna) and his birthplace being on an island (dvaipayana), although he

976-669: The Mahabharata . Vyasa is also mentioned in the Sankara Digvijaya . He confronts Adi Shankara , who has written a commentary on the Brahma-Sutras, in the form of an old Brahmana, and asks for an explanation of the first Sutra. This develops into a debate between Shankara and Vyasa which lasts for eight days. Recognizing the old Brahmana to be Vyasa, Shankara makes obeisance and sings a hymn in his praise. Thereupon, Vyasa inspects and approves Shankara's commentary on

1037-531: The Bhagavad Gita , a sacred text in Hinduism . The Jaya deals with diverse subjects, such as geography, history, warfare, religion and morality. The 100,000 verses of Vyasa's work Mahābhārata is told by Vaishampayana to Janamejaya . It is structured as a narration by Ugrasrava surnamed Sauti, a professional storyteller, to an assembly of rishis who, in the forest of Naimisha , had just attended

1098-537: The Bharatiya Janata Party as the leader of Mallaah caste made the community vote in favour of BJP in 2014 elections, but later on he joined the Mahagathbandhan (Bihar) , a grand alliance of opposition parties in Bihar which includes Rashtriya Janata Dal and Rashtriya Lok Samata Party among others. The walking out of Sahani led Vikassheel Insaan Party out of National Democratic Alliance

1159-741: The Hazara Division of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. They live along the banks of the Indus in the Haripur and Mansehra districts and speak Hindko . The Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal classifies the Mallaah (called Mallaha in the Nepal census) as a subgroup within the broader social group of Madheshi Other Caste. At the time of the 2011 Nepal census , 173,261 people (0.7% of the population of Nepal) were Mallaah. The frequency of Mallaahs by province

1220-427: The Mahabharata , large and elaborate lists are given, describing hundreds of kingdoms, tribes, provinces, cities, towns, villages, rivers, mountains, forests, etc. of the (ancient) Indian subcontinent (Bhārata Varsha). Additionally, he gives descriptions of the military formations adopted by each side on each day, the death of individual heroes and the details of the war-races. Eighteen chapters of Vyasa's Jaya constitute

1281-556: The Mahābhārata states that Ganesha wrote the text to Vyasa's dictation, but this is regarded by scholars as a later interpolation to the epic and this part of the story is also excluded in the "Critical Edition" of the Mahabharata . The five Pandava brothers of the junior line of the Kuru royal house being the ultimate victors, thus India's cultural heroes, Vyasa's relationship with the winners in this kinship war of cousin against cousin

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1342-457: The Vedas ', IAST : Vedavyāsa ,), is a revered rishi (sage) portrayed in most Hindu traditions. He is traditionally regarded as the author of a number of Hindu texts, including the epic Mahābhārata , where he also plays a prominent role as a character. Vyasa is also regarded by many Hindus as a partial incarnation ( Sanskrit : अंशावतार , IAST : Aṃśāvatāra ) of Vishnu . He

1403-510: The 12-year sacrifice known as Saunaka, surnamed Kulapati. At 100,000 verses, the Mahābhārata is the longest epic poem ever written. Vyasa is also credited with the writing of the eighteen major Purāṇas , which are works of Indian literature that cover an encyclopedic range of topics covering various scriptures. The Brahma Sutras , one of the foundational texts of Vedanta , is written by Badarayana also known as Veda Vyasa . Badarayana

1464-414: The Brahma-Sutras. Adi Shankara, who was supposed to die at the end of his sixteenth year, expresses his desire to leave his body in the presence of Vyasa. Vyasa dissuades him and blesses him so that he may live for another sixteen years to complete his work. The festival of Guru Purnima is dedicated to Vyasa. It is also known as Vyasa Purnima , the day believed to be both of his birth and when he divided

1525-674: The Dablo. In Punjab , the boatmen belong either to the Mallaah or Jhabel tribe. In south west Punjab, they often claim themselves to be a clan of Rajputs , and found mainly along the banks of the Indus . They extend as far north as Dera Ismail Khan District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa , where their settlements are found mainly along the banks of the Indus. In this region, many Mallaah are cultivators, and have given up their occupation as boatmen. They generally combine their specialized occupation of boat management with other occupations such as fishing and

1586-474: The Laxmanpur Bathe, 1997 is the most notable where Ranvir Sena , an upper caste militia slaughtered 56 lower castes including the members of Mallaah community who earlier helped them cross the river being ignorant of their intentions. The Sena members also raped 5 girls who were less than 15 years old. In states like Uttar Pradesh too, the brutal force of repression upon lower caste was inflicted by

1647-489: The Mallaah and refers to communities whose traditional occupation centred on rivers. It is also spelled Mallah . Earliest references for these people comes from the Hindu scriptures like Ramayana and the Mahabharata . the Mallaah claim to have descended from Veda Vyasa who composed Mahabharata , and was a son of Satyawati . They also claim many other mythological characters like Eklavya and Nishadraja (a leader of

1708-520: The Mallaah community including the Kewat, Bind, Nishad, Dhimak, Karabak, and Sahani. The Mallaah community was recognised as backward caste initially though socially and economically they were much behind the backward castes and were closer to Dalits . But they are not Dalit caste, instead they are Kshatriya since the Mahabharata has mentioned it. Some of the state governments to include them in SC category which

1769-509: The Member of Parliament from this constituency has remained from the Mallaah caste only. In Sindh , the Mallaah are traditionally boatmen and fisherfolk, living along the inlets of the Indus delta. They speak Sindhi , and are close associated with Mohana tribe. The Mallaah are found mainly in the coastal districts of Thatta and Badin , and most are largely still fishermen. Many have seen their traditional areas of habitation washed away by

1830-648: The Temple movement) in a bid to stop the communal clashes in the state. The proponents of the Ram Temple movement then sought the help of the Nishad community to transport the Karsewaks through water route invoking the tale from Ramayana , when Nishadraja Guhya, a mythological character from the holy epic helped lord Rama to cross the river. According to social historian Badri Narayan Tiwari: Apart from transporting Karsewaks to Ayodhya, nearly 20,000 Nishad living on

1891-436: The Vedas that 'Vyasa' was added as epithet then eclipsed his two birth names, Krishna and Dvaipayana, while his smiriti creation became a canon whose territorial name, drawing on either one or two legendary ruler's personal names, included in the saga's text, still underlies modern Sanskrit-to-Hindi official form, Bhārat Gaṇarājya, in the names for India through its current constitution. Vyasa's Jaya (literally, "victory"),

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1952-504: The Vedas. In Brahm Avtar , one of the compositions in Dasam Granth , Guru Gobind Singh mentions Rishi Vyas as an avatar of Brahma . He is considered the fifth incarnation of Brahma. Guru Gobind Singh wrote a brief account of Rishi Vyas's compositions about great kings—Manu, Prithu, Bharath, Jujat, Ben, Mandata, Dilip, Raghu Raj and Aj —and attributed to him the store of Vedic learning. The Sapta Chiranjivi Stotram states that

2013-467: The arranger of the Veda (Vyasa) was Prajapati [...] (and so on up to twenty-eight). According to the Vishnu Purana , Aswatthama , the son of Drona , will become the next sage ( Vyasa ) and will divide the Veda in 29th Maha Yuga of 7th Manvantara . Vyasa is traditionally regarded as the chronicler of this epic and also features as an important character in Mahābhārata. The first section of

2074-422: The backward communities gave voice to them to stand up in front of upper castes. Lalu as a Chief Minister frequently visited the SC hamlets of the state and sensitise the lower caste feeling against repression. This period saw representation of many lower castes including Mallaah in local level politics who now acquired the post of "Mukhia" (village headman) at many places. The early part of Lalu Yadav's rule saw

2135-489: The bank of river Saryu and Ghagra also went to Ayodhya to work as volunteers in the construction of Ram Mandir. The wooing of Mallaah community in 1990s by the Hindutva ideologue was resented by other political parties who mobilised the community through the tale of Eklavya who in his devotion to his Guru Dronacharya sacrificed his finger though earlier he was ill-treated by him and his request for learning archery from him

2196-400: The cause of the numerically weak backward communities and the dominant Dalit caste, Dusadh . The Mallaah community later supported Nitish Kumar until 2015, when Mukesh Sahani entered the political arena of Bihar. Sahani called himself "Son of Mallaah" and cultivated support amongst the Nishad community, who were electorally influential in some pockets of Bihar . Initially, his campaign for

2257-519: The community urged for the unification of various subcastes of the larger Mallaah community for the purpose of their socio-economic empowerment. Consequently, in 1918 Nishad Mahasabha came into existence, as the largest organisation of the Mallaahs and their subcastes. The Nishad Mahasabha was spearheaded by Ram Chandr Vakil and Pyarelal Chaudhary, amongst whom the former was selected to legislative council of United Province in 1936 and voiced support for

2318-684: The core of the Mahabharata , is a dialogue between Dhritarashtra (the Kuru king and the father of the Kauravas, who opposed the Pāndavas in the Kurukshetra War ) and Sanjaya , his adviser and charioteer. Sanjaya narrates the particulars of the Kurukshetra War, fought in eighteen days, chronologically. Dhritarashtra at times asks questions and expresses doubts, sometimes lamenting, fearing

2379-476: The destruction the war would bring on his family, friends and kin. The Bhagavad Gita is contained in the Bhishma Parva, which comprises chapters 23-40 of book 6 of the Mahabharata . The Gita , dated to the second half of the first millennium BCE, in its own right is one of the most influential philosophico-religious dialogues, producing numerous commentaries and a global audience. Like the "Jaya", it

2440-451: The forest tribe who helped lord Rama ). A folk etymology has Mallaah as a term used to describe someone who rode a boat from the Arabic word Mallah (ملاح) which means "to move its wing like a bird". However the word is purely an occupational term, which was used for the large community associated with the water centric occupation primarily boating and fishing. There are many subcastes of

2501-522: The growing of waternuts. In neighbouring Punjab, the Mallaah are found mainly in the districts of Muzaffargarh, Dera Ghazi Khan, Rajanpur, Uch Sharief and Layyah, and said to be by origin Jhinwar . While Bahawalpur , the Mallaah, Mohana and Jhabel are said to have a common origin, with Mohana being fishermen, the Mallaah being boatmen and Jhabel being cultivators. The Mallaah speak Seraiki , and are entirely Sunni . There are also Mallaah communities in

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2562-423: The lower and the upper caste hence continued in the decade of 1990 itself when the attempt to mobilise lower castes to support the upper caste dominated politics was taking place. The states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh were facing severest caste wars in which the lower castes like Mallaah were falling prey to the caste based armies of the upper caste. Amongst all massacres that occur in the rural Bihar in 1990s,

2623-407: The members of upper castes, which were many a times challenged by the iconic people from the lower castes as for example Phoolan Devi , who being born in a Mallaah family faced all sort of discrimination from the upper caste dominated administration after being raped by bandits belonging to Thakur Rajput castes and finally ended up perpetrating the infamous "Behmai massacre", in which male members of

2684-466: The news of the birth of the Pandavas and Kauravas, misery took place in the forest. Pandu, who was cursed, died because of his attempt to make love with Madri. Kunti and the Pandavas returned to Hastinapura . Vyasa, feeling sorrow for his mother's fate, asked her to leave the kingdom and come with him to live a peaceful life. Satyavati, along with her two daughters-in-law, went to the forest. Vyasa had

2745-399: The person of Vyasa, in order to promote the good of mankind, divides the Veda, which is properly but one, into many portions. Observing the limited perseverance, energy and application of mortals, he makes the Veda fourfold, to adapt it to their capacities; and the bodily form which he assumes, in order to effect that classification, is known by the name of Veda-Vyasa. Of the different Vyasas in

2806-501: The political representation of Nishad and its subcastes. The various caste based organisations and the umbrella organisation Nishad Mahasabha sought to mobilise the people belonging to subcastes of Mallaah under a common term called 'Nishad', which symbolised the attempt of the community to discover their past in the mythological heroes whom they considered their progenitors. The attempts of Nishad Sabhas to do so with their Ekta Sammelans and other ways of sensitization and mobilisation of

2867-842: The prerogative of the criminals belonging to upper castes earlier as they required linkage with the politicians and backup from the ruling regime as high capital inflow is involved. In the regime of Rashtriya Janata Dal led government these criminals from backward castes specially Mallaah and Yadav turned several areas of Bihar into their base and organised high value crimes. The criminal nature of Mallaah were earlier used by British colonialists too to list them in Criminal Tribes Act 1871. Scholars like Buchanan and Crooke also consider this behaviour to be inherent in their nature which halted their attempts to sanskritize and seek high status. The period before 2000 saw consolidation of backward castes under Lalu Prasad Yadav , who according to

2928-481: The present Manvantara and the branches which they have taught, you shall have an account. Twenty-eight times have the Vedas been arranged by the great Rishis in the Vaivasvata Manvantara [...] and consequently, eight and twenty Vyasa's have passed away; by whom, in the respective periods, the Veda has been divided into four. The first... distribution was made by Svayambhu (Brahma) himself; in the second,

2989-572: The rise to prominence of the leaders of the lower castes among which Jai Narain Prasad Nishad was a notable leader from Mallaah community. However, the prominence of Yadavs made many aspirational backward castes dissatisfied, who were forced to seek place in electoral politics elsewhere. The Dalit caste after being marginalised in the Rashtriya Janata Dal thus moved towards the socialist leader Ram Vilas Paswan who championed

3050-455: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mallah . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mallah&oldid=1256285161 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Articles containing Arabic-language text Short description

3111-456: The sea. The Indus Delta is also silting, which makes cultivation difficult. An important subsidiary occupation is animal husbandry, with the Mallaah raising cattle. Although living in close proximity to the Jath community, who customs are similar to the Mallaah, there is almost no intermarriage. The Mallaah community consists of a number of clans, referred to as nukh , the largest Mallaah nukh being

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3172-424: The universe is that of a cyclic phenomenon that comes into existence and dissolves repeatedly. Each kalpa cycle is presided over by a number of Manus , one for each manvantara , and each manvantara has a number of Yuga Cycles , each with four yuga ages of declining virtues. The Dvapara Yuga is the third yuga . The Vishnu Purana (Book 3, Ch 3) says: In every third world age (Dvapara), Vishnu, in

3233-557: The widows under a tradition called Niyoga . By this time, Vyasa had compiled the Vedas. Sage Vyasa was unkempt because of months of meditation in the forest. Hence upon seeing him, Ambika who was rather scared shut her eyes, resulting in their child, Dhritarashtra , being born blind. The other queen, Ambalika, turned pale upon meeting Vyasa, which resulted in their child, Pandu , being born pale. Alarmed, Satyavati requested that Vyasa meet Ambika again and grant her another son. Ambika instead sent her maid to meet Vyasa. The duty-bound maid

3294-449: Was as follows: The frequency of Mallaahs was higher than national average (0.7%) in the following districts: Vyasa Traditional Krishna Dvaipayana ( Sanskrit : कृष्णद्वैपायन , IAST : Kṛṣṇadvaipāyana ), better known as Vyasa ( / ˈ v j ɑː s ə / ; Sanskrit : व्यास , lit.   'compiler', IAST : Vyāsa ) or Veda Vyasa ( Sanskrit : वेदव्यास , lit.   'the one who classified

3355-433: Was calm and composed; she had a healthy child who was later named Vidura . When the children of Vichitravirya grew up, Bhishma got them married to different women. Dhritarashtra was married to Gandhari , princess of Gandhara. Pandu married Kunti and Madri . Pandu left the kingdom, leaving Dhritarashtra as the acting king. Gandhari, during her adolescence, received a boon to have a hundred children but her pregnancy

3416-513: Was denied by the Guru because of his low ritual status. However according to Badri Narayan, the ideology of Ram Rajya, an idyllic time of the past when lower and upper caste lived together in harmony was just invoked to counter the politics of Dalit mobilisation based on the report of Mandal Commission which sought reservation in the government jobs and educational institutions for socially and economically backward communities. The tussle between

3477-511: Was desiring an heir, when an apsara (celestial damsel) named Ghritachi flew in front of him in the form of a beautiful parrot, causing him sexual arousal. He discharges his semen, which falls on some sticks and a son develops. This time, he was named Shuka because of the role of the celestial parrot. Shuka appears occasionally in the story as a spiritual guide to the young Kuru princes. Besides his heir, Vyasa had four other disciples—Paila, Jaimini , Vaishampayana and Sumantu. Each one of them

3538-419: Was due to alleged betrayal of Bihar government under Nitish Kumar to grant Scheduled Tribe status to Mallaah caste. The Mallaah community is present all over Bihar though sparingly. They are dominant in districts like Muzaffarpur and Vaishali . In Muzaffarpur region, they have emerged as the most influential caste politically, leaving behind Bhumihar , Rajput , Koeri , Kurmi and Yadav . Since decades

3599-564: Was given the responsibility to spread one of the four Vedas. Paila was the made the incharge of Rigveda , Jaimini of the Samaveda , Vaishampayana of the Yajurveda and Sumantu of Atharvaveda . Vyasa is believed to have lived on the banks of Ganga in modern-day Uttarakhand . The site was also the ritual home of the sage Vashishta , along with the Pandavas , the five brothers of

3660-480: Was preceded by movement and unrest led by the various caste organisations. Some of the state governments to include them in SC category which was preceded by movement and unrest led by the various caste organisations of the community for the purpose of seeking benefits accruing due to reservation provided to the Scheduled Caste groups. In the first half of 20th century the rising educated middle class among

3721-458: Was taking a long period of time. After two years of pregnancy, Gandhari aborted her developing fetus, giving birth to a hard mass that looked like an iron ball. Vyasa came to the kingdom and using his knowledge, he asked to divide the mass into one hundred and one pieces and put them into pots for incubation. After a year, 101 babies were born. Meanwhile, Pandu's wives, Kunti and Madri, had three and two sons respectively. While everybody rejoiced at

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