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80-749: Mallrats is a 1995 American buddy comedy film written and directed by Kevin Smith and starring Jason Lee , Jeremy London , Shannen Doherty , Claire Forlani , Priscilla Barnes and Michael Rooker . It is the second film in the View Askewniverse following 1994's Clerks . As in the other Askewniverse films, the characters Jay and Silent Bob feature prominently, and characters and events from other films are discussed. Several cast members, including Lee, Ben Affleck and Joey Lauren Adams , have gone on to work in several other Smith films. Comic-book icon Stan Lee appeared, as did Brian O'Halloran ,

160-445: A 15-year-old senior who is writing a book on the sex drive of men ages 14–30, for which she has sex with various men as research and films every encounter. She then reveals that the previous night she had sex with Shannon Hamilton, a 25-year-old clothing-store manager who hates Brodie because of his "lack of a shopping agenda". Brodie then learns that Rene has begun a relationship with Shannon. Brodie confronts Rene to find out more about

240-490: A camera, and he must now pay Mr. Svenning for the damages. Brandi then breaks up with him, and a man on a bus mistakenly thinks that T.S. will kill him after seeing him in a news report. Several alternate openings, with different voiceover spiels from Brodie (including one which has him recounting the events up to him nearly getting assaulted by Hamilton on the Truth or Date stage) were also seen in that reel. The soundtrack album

320-531: A case-by-case basis. The Crown prosecution guidelines state "[I]t is not in the public interest to prosecute children who are of the same or similar age and understanding that engage in sexual activity, where the activity is truly consensual for both parties and there are no aggravating features, such as coercion or corruption." Northern Ireland follows a similar legal framework, under the Sexual Offences (Northern Ireland) Order 2008 . This act overhauled

400-471: A charge of sexual assault if all of the following apply; A similar affirmative defence exists in the Texas Penal Code for the related crime of "continuous sexual abuse of a young child or children". Any defence under either law, however, does not apply to the separate crime of "improper educator/student relationship" (sexual relations between a licensed teacher or school employee and a student of

480-486: A child under the age of 15, shall be punished by imprisonment for up to 8 years, unless the situation is covered by § 216 paragraph 2. In determining the penalty, it shall be an aggravating circumstance if the perpetrator has gained intercourse by exploiting their physical or mental superiority. Paragraph. 2. If the offender has gained intercourse by coercion or threats, the penalty may be increased to imprisonment for up to 12 years. The content of § 216 paragraph 2 specifies

560-415: A contestant on Truth or Date , her father's dating game show , because the original contestant had died from an embolism bursting in her brain while swimming 700 laps at the local Y.M.C.A following T.S.'s comment regarding her weight. Brandi and T.S. argue over his responsibility and the two break up. T.S. turns to his best friend Brodie Bruce , who has been dumped by his girlfriend Rene, and Brodie suggests

640-573: A digital streaming version to be redeemed at Universal's online UltraViolet service, and iTunes . In 2005, a 10th anniversary double-sided DVD was released, containing the original version of the film, features from the previous DVD release, and an all new extended cut of the movie. In 2020, Arrow Video released a 25th anniversary Blu-Ray that contains a third "television cut" of the film, with many scenes altered and re-dubbed to remove profanity. The extended cut contains over 30 minutes of additional footage and subplots. As explained by Kevin Smith in

720-638: A local flea market . There, they encounter Ivannah, a topless fortune teller with three nipples, who offers advice on their relationship problems. While Brodie is visibly uncomfortable with the situation, T.S. pays close attention to Ivannah's advice and decides to win Brandi back. Eventually, the two return to the mall. Before the show begins, Brodie meets famed Marvel legend Stan Lee , who gives him advice on romance. After this, Brodie requests that his friend Tricia Jones retrieve footage of her having sex with Shannon. Meanwhile, T.S. also persuades Jay to get two of

800-486: A member of a league of time travelers and a boy travel through time repairing errors in world history. In 2018, an original anime production A Place Further than the Universe aired. It comprises four girls with contrasting personalities and life background meeting together to go to Antarctica . Statutory rape In common law jurisdictions, statutory rape is nonforcible sexual activity in which one of

880-487: A minor or mentally disabled adult is legally incapable of giving consent to the act. Different jurisdictions use many different statutory terms for the crime, such as sexual assault , rape of a child , corruption of a minor , unlawful sex with a minor , carnal knowledge of a minor , sexual battery , or simply carnal knowledge . The terms child sexual abuse or child molestation may also be used, but statutory rape generally refers to sex between an adult and

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960-429: A minor past the age of puberty , and may therefore be distinguished from child sexual abuse. Sexual relations with a prepubescent child is typically treated as a more serious crime. In many jurisdictions, the age of consent is interpreted to mean mental or functional age. As a result, victims can be of any chronological age if their mental age makes them unable to consent to a sexual act. Consensual teenage sex

1040-414: A minor, statutory rape laws aim to give the minor some protection against adults in a position of power over the youth. Another argument presented in defence of statutory rape laws relates to the difficulty in prosecuting rape (against a victim of any age) in the courtroom. Because forced sexual intercourse with a minor is considered a particularly heinous form of rape, these laws relieve the prosecution of

1120-544: A popular impact similar to Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid and paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as those in Waiting to Exhale , Walking and Talking , and Fried Green Tomatoes . Buddy films are often hybridized with other film genres, such as road movies , Westerns , comedies , and action films featuring police. The "threats to [the] masculinity" of the male–male relationship depend on

1200-480: A professional skateboarder, and Adam Sandler and Steve Zahn were the finalists for the role of Brodie Bruce. Ben Affleck , who was a relative unknown at the time, was cast as Shannon Hamilton. Joey Lauren Adams was cast as Gwen Turner; she later dated Smith, and during that time, he wrote the main character in Chasing Amy for her. Ethan Suplee was cast as Willam Black. Scott Mosier was supposed to reprise

1280-452: A series of announcements regarding the proposed sequel, some regarding casting and some announcing delays in production. During this time, the planned film became a planned 10-episode television miniseries. In February 2017, Smith announced that pitches to six different networks resulted in no one willing to produce the TV series, but expressed his hope that interest in the series would spike after

1360-418: A sex tape featuring Shannon and Tricia. This leads to Shannon's arrest for statutory rape . In the extended cut, Jared is arrested for 19 F.C.C. violations and broadcasting lewd or indecent images in a public forum. Consequently, Brodie and Rene rekindle their relationship. The conclusion reveals that T.S. marries Brandi at Universal Studios while on a Jaws attraction , Tricia's book is a bestseller, Shannon

1440-476: Is common in the United States. A 1995 study revealed that 50% of U.S. teenagers have had sexual intercourse by the age of sixteen. It is estimated that there are more than 7 million incidents of statutory rape every year. However, it is clear that most incidents are not prosecuted and do not lead to arrests and convictions. Laws vary in their definitions of statutory rape. Statutory rape laws are based on

1520-511: Is imprisoned (and subsequently raped), Willam eventually does see the sailboat, Brodie becomes the host of The Tonight Show (with Rene as his bandleader), and that Jay and Silent Bob get an orangutan named Susanne . After the success of the independent hit Clerks , writer/director Kevin Smith and his best friend/producer Scott Mosier began to make their second film. After a screening of Clerks , producer James Jacks approached them to do another film for Universal Studios . Smith soon finished

1600-453: Is less than five years older, and sex with minors aged 12–13 is permitted if the partner is less than two years older. Other countries state that the sexual conduct with the minor is not to be punished if the partners are of a similar age and development: for instance, the age of consent in Finland is 16, but the law states that the act will not be punished if "there is no great difference in

1680-525: The 1940 Paramount Pictures film Road to Singapore , which led to other 1940s buddy films that the Los Angeles Times described as "escapist wartime fantasies". Hope and Crosby starred together in a series of films that lasted to the 1960s. Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis were a popular duo in the 1950s, and Walter Matthau and Jack Lemmon were famous in the 1960s, starring in the hit 1968 film The Odd Couple . A major departure from

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1760-539: The 1990s and 2000s and were combined with different genres, such as White Men Can't Jump (1992), Bulletproof (1996), Gridlock'd (1997), National Security (2003) and The Bucket List (2007). Also in the 1990s and 2000s, John Woo 's Hollywood films imported the wuxia "themes of loyalty and trust" from his previous Hong Kong-produced films to create different takes on male bonding. Kin–Yan Szeto writes in The Martial Arts Cinema of

1840-576: The 1990s. Until the late 1970s, sex involving an adult female and an underage male was often ignored by the law, due to the belief that it often constitutes sexual initiation of the younger male. This view still exists in modern times, as there is a gender bias in courts on teacher–student sexual relationships resulting in far lesser punishment of female offenders. In 2005, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention estimated that five per cent of statutory rape victims were male, and that 94% of

1920-496: The Chinese Diaspora , "[In] his third Hollywood film, Face/Off ... Woo manages to deploy and politicize themes of homosociality with the possibility of contesting hegemonic masculinity that consolidates kinship and family." Woo's 2001 World War II film Windtalkers depicted two buddy pairs, with each pair indicating inequality through ethnicity (white American soldiers protecting Navajo code talkers but ready to kill

2000-684: The Pauper with Prince Edward and Miles Hendon. From the 1930s to the 1960s in the United States, male comedy duos often appeared in buddy films. Laurel and Hardy and Abbott and Costello were popular in the 1930s and 1940s. Laurel and Hardy starred in films like Sons of the Desert (1933), and Abbott and Costello starred in films like Buck Privates (1941). Another comedy duo was Wheeler & Woolsey , who starred in Half Shot at Sunrise (1930). Bing Crosby and Bob Hope starred together in

2080-549: The Sundance Kid (1969), Easy Rider (1969), Midnight Cowboy (1969), Thunderbolt and Lightfoot (1974), and Dog Day Afternoon (1975). The Los Angeles Times said films like Scarecrow (1973) and All the President's Men (1976) reflected the "paranoia and alienation" felt in the era. Beyond Hollywood, a notable buddy road movie of that era was the Bollywood " Curry Western " film Sholay (1975), which

2160-524: The View Askewniverse, even if its snootchie has lost a few of the bootchies boasted by its beloved predecessor." On Metacritic , the film received a score of 41 based on 18 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews". In 1996 MCA/Universal Home Video released the movie on VHS and Laserdisc (the latter in widescreen format). A DVD was released in 1999 including 1.85:1 Anamorphic widescreen picture & 5.1 Dolby surround sound (both of which

2240-417: The ages or the mental and physical maturity of the persons involved". Another approach takes the form of a stipulation that sexual intercourse between a minor and an adult is legal under the condition that the latter does not exceed a certain age. In Slovenia , the age of consent is 15, but the activity is only deemed criminal if there is "a marked discrepancy between the maturity of the perpetrator and that of

2320-408: The box office. Mallrats was the subject of much critical derision when it was released, with many critics comparing it unfavorably to Smith's first film, Clerks . In his negative review of the film, critic Roger Ebert gave the film 1 1/2 stars out of 4 and said "Before Mallrats was released, I chaired a panel that Smith participated in and Kevin Smith cheerfully said he'd be happy to do whatever

2400-405: The burden to prove lack of consent. This makes conviction more frequent in cases involving minors. The original purpose of statutory rape laws was to protect young, unwed females from males who might impregnate them and not take responsibility by providing support for the child. In the past, the solution to such problems was often a shotgun wedding , a forced marriage called for by the parents of

2480-401: The case of a 15-year-old male victim and a 34-year-old female perpetrator where the sexual assault resulted in the birth of a child. When questioned, the male victim stated that the sex was "a mutually agreeable act". The 34-year-old perpetrator was prosecuted and convicted of unlawful sex with a minor. However, the lawsuit in question demanded child support from the male victim for the child who

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2560-508: The child consented to this act is irrelevant". The term rape is used with regard to children under 13; consensual sexual penetration of a child above 13 but under 16 is defined as sexual activity with a child , and punished less severely (section 9, which requires the perpetrator to be 18 or over). A minor can also be guilty of sexual contact with another minor (section 13), but the explanatory notes state that decisions whether to prosecute in cases where both parties are minors are to be taken on

2640-534: The decades' films as "a backlash from the feminist movement." Philippa Gates wrote, "To punish women for their desire for equality, the buddy film pushes them out of the center of the narrative ... By making both protagonists men, the central issue of the film becomes the growth and development of their friendship. Women as potential love interests are thus eliminated from the narrative space." The buddy films of these decades were also hybridized with road movies . The decades' buddy films included Butch Cassidy and

2720-511: The events of the buddy film, they gain a stronger friendship and mutual respect. Buddy films often deal with crises of masculinity . American Masculinities: A Historical Encyclopedia explains, "[Buddy films] offer male movie-going audiences an opportunity to indulge in a form of male bonding and behavior usually discouraged by social constraints." Ira Konigsberg wrote in The Complete Film Dictionary , "Such films extol

2800-408: The features of the buddy film genre, and is influenced by films like 48 Hrs. , The Defiant Ones , Lethal Weapon and Rush Hour . Other examples include Hardcastle and McCormick , in which a retired judge and his last defendant follow up on cases that were dismissed due to technicalities; CHiPs , the adventures of two California Highway Patrol motorcycle officers; and Voyagers! , in which

2880-527: The film as Banner, the daughter of Brodie, and that Shannen Doherty would return to reprise her role of Rene Mosier. However, Doherty died on July 13, 2024, before she could return for the sequel. Buddy comedy A buddy film portrays the pairing of two people, often the same sex, frequently men. A friendship between the two people is the key relationship in a buddy film. The two people often come from different backgrounds or have different personalities, and they tend to misunderstand one another. Through

2960-516: The flea market. However, it was excluded from the soundtrack album. A music video for The Goops' version of "Build Me Up Buttercup" was directed by Smith and featured both Smith and Mewes. On March 13, 2015, Kevin Smith confirmed that Mallrats 2 was being written and was slated to begin shooting in summer 2016. In April 2015, Smith announced that Mallrats 2 would be his next film, instead of Clerks III as originally intended, and would begin filming in 2015. From April 2015 to July 2016, Smith made

3040-455: The game show contestants stoned, which allows him and Brodie to replace them on Truth or Date . During the show, Brandi recognizes the voices of Brodie and T.S., leading to an on-air argument between them. Brodie eventually intervenes, explaining that T.S. has spent the entire day pining for Brandi. Subsequently, T.S. proposes to Brandi, who accepts. After the show concludes and as the police arrive to arrest T.S. and Brodie, Silent Bob broadcasts

3120-515: The genre. The 1991 film Thelma & Louise featured a female pairing of Geena Davis and Susan Sarandon , and the 1993 film The Pelican Brief featured a male–female platonic pairing of Julia Roberts and Denzel Washington . The 1998 film Rush Hour featured a nonwhite male pairing of Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker , which the Los Angeles Times said symbolized color blindness in American cinema. Biracial buddy films continued in

3200-457: The genre: women in comedies, the law in films about outlaw buddies, and criminals in action films about cop buddies. The buddy film is more common to cinema in the United States than cinema in other Western countries , which tend to focus on male–female romantic relationships or an individual male hero. Film historian David Thomson observes that buddy films are rare among British and French films, "You just wouldn't see three Englishmen behave

3280-475: The girl in question. This rationale aims to preserve the marriageability of the girl and to prevent unwanted teenage pregnancy . Historically, a man could defend himself against statutory rape charges by proving that his victim was already sexually experienced prior to their encounter (and thus not subject to being corrupted by the defendant). A requirement that the victim be "of previously chaste character" remained in effect in some U.S. states until as late as

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3360-478: The individual roles in biracial buddy films are reversed. The "racial other... is too civilized" while the white man "is equipped for survival in... the urban landscape". The 1980s was a popular decade for action films , and the genre that "blended masculinity, heroism, and patriotism into an idealized image" was hybridized with buddy films. Following the Civil Rights Movement , black advancement

3440-435: The individuals is below the age of consent (the age required to legally consent to the behaviour). Although it usually refers to adults engaging in sexual contact with minors under the age of consent, it is a generic term, and very few jurisdictions use the actual term statutory rape in the language of statutes. In statutory rape, overt force or threat is usually not present. Statutory rape laws presume coercion because

3520-400: The introduction, most of the scenes were reworked because of the test audience's negative reaction. Some of the dialogue had been re-dubbed in the theatrical release, but is restored in this version. (For example, the man who runs up to and is subsequently punched by T.S. outside the mall near the end originally asked if he had seen T.S. on CNN , whereas in the theatrical cut, he asks T.S. if he

3600-493: The legal framework of the Sexual Offences Act 2003 differentiates between sexual contact with children under 13 , and sexual contact with those at least 13 but under 16 . Sexual penetration of a child under 13 is termed rape of a child under 13 , an offence created by section 5 of the act, which reads: (1) Rape of a child under 13 A person commits an offence if— The explanatory notes read: "Whether or not

3680-635: The more comic buddy films of the era was Akira Kurosawa 's 1949 Japanese film Stray Dog , starring Toshirō Mifune and Takashi Shimura . It was a more serious police procedural film noir that served as a precursor to the buddy cop film genre. Throughout the 1960s and the 1970s, the feminist movement and "a widespread questioning" of social institutions influenced buddy films. The films explored male friendships more dramatically and encouraged individualism —particularly to be free from women and society. Critics like Molly Haskell and Robin Wood saw

3760-637: The movie was in for the Laserdisc release). Bonus features include: The film was released on Blu-ray in 2014 and it used digital noise reduction and edge enhancement (as part of Universal's 1990's Best of the Decade collection); the menus were replaced with Universal-mandated menus, the Focus Features logo replaced the Universal logo at the start of the film, and some copies also included a code for

3840-480: The other party was over the age of consent). This has led to the release of persons held under the statutory rape law and has led to public demands that the law be changed by emergency legislation being enacted. On 2 June 2006 the Irish Supreme Court upheld an appeal by the state against the release of one such person, "Mr A". Mr A was rearrested shortly afterwards to continue serving his sentence. In

3920-468: The penalty can be increased to 12 years, if the child is under the age of 12. In Italy the age of consent is 14. A Romeo and Juliet rule applies for an age difference of one year. However, if the older person has a position of authority over the younger, such as a relative, teacher, parish priest, or doctor, the age of consent is 16. Note on marriage; Notes on the Dutch law; For England and Wales ,

4000-425: The penalty of the crime in cases where the couple's age difference is minor and the sexual contact would not have been rape if both partners were legally able to give consent. Such laws vary, but can include: Such laws generally apply to a couple whose ages differ by less than a specified number of years. They are, however, generally unavailable in any case where the older participant has an authoritative position over

4080-623: The perpetrators in these cases were female; 73% of the female perpetrators were aged 21 or over, while 76% of the male victims were aged 15 or younger. A 2006 review of scientific research found that the majority of men who had sex with women as underaged boys hold a positive reaction about the relationship, with a third of them being neutral and less than 5% being negative toward it. However, these men expressed slightly higher levels of psychological distress than men who had not had these experiences. The authors suggested that societal views may disincline men from recognising negative or abusive elements of

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4160-424: The person who has reached the age of consent is guilty of statutory rape. In some jurisdictions, if two minors have sex with each other, they are both guilty of engaging in unlawful sex with the other person. The act itself is prima facie evidence of guilt when one participant is incapable of legally consenting. Many jurisdictions have passed so-called "Romeo and Juliet laws" which serve to reduce or eliminate

4240-409: The premise that an individual is legally incapable of consenting to sexual intercourse until that person reaches a certain age. The law mandates that even if he or she willingly engages in sexual intercourse, the sex is not consensual. Another rationale comes from the fact that minors are generally economically, socially, and legally unequal to adults. By making it illegal for an adult to have sex with

4320-462: The relationship, and the two have sex in an elevator. Brodie is later abducted and attacked by Shannon, who intends to have anal sex with Rene. As a result of this incident, Jay and Silent Bob assault the mall's Easter Bunny , under the incorrect assumption that he attacked Brodie. Brandi's father Jared has Brodie and T.S. arrested on false charges of drug possession at the mall. Jay and Silent Bob are able to rescue Brodie and T.S., and they hide out at

4400-424: The relationships. In contrast, women who were involved with adult men when they were underage mostly had negative reactions once they left the relationship, seeing them as sexual deviants who could not find willing same-age partners and who instead exploited young girls. U.S. courts have held that male victims of statutory rape are liable for child support for any children resulting from the crime, uniformly taking

4480-560: The release of the film Jay and Silent Bob Reboot . In January 2020, Smith announced that development on a Mallrats sequel film has started up again, under a new title Twilight of the Mallrats . On April 24, Smith stated that he has officially completed the first draft of the script and that the original cast will return. On May 12, 2020, Smith revealed that Aparna Brielle , who played Jihad in Jay and Silent Bob Reboot , has been set to lead

4560-640: The role of Jared Svenning for William Atherton , but Atherton did not want to be typecast . Smith wanted to shoot the film in Seaview Square Mall in Ocean Township, New Jersey , but filmed it at Eden Prairie Center mall in Eden Prairie, Minnesota instead due to lower production costs. The film grossed $ 400,000 on its Friday opening on 800 screens, $ 1.2 million on its opening weekend, and grossed an overall total of $ 2,122,561 at

4640-520: The role, but Smith and the film's producers were so impressed with Suplee that they cast him, instead. The most troublesome role to cast was Jay, as Universal did not want Jason Mewes to have the role, despite the fact that he played it in Clerks and the character of Jay is based on him. Mewes had to audition for the part against actors such as Seth Green and Breckin Meyer . Smith also said that he wrote

4720-407: The same school), or for "aggravated sexual assault" (the forcible rape statute of Texas law). Some countries other than the United States also have Romeo and Juliet laws. Ireland's 2006 law has been contested because it treats girls differently from boys. In Canada , the age of consent is normally 16, but there are two close-in-age exemptions: sex with minors aged 14–15 is permitted if the partner

4800-550: The same sex. For example, in the US state of Kansas , if someone 18 or older has sex with a minor no more than four years younger, a Romeo and Juliet law limits the penalty substantially. As written, however, this law did not apply to same-sex couples, leaving them subject to higher penalties than opposite-sex couples for the same offence. This resulted in higher statutory rape convictions, larger fines, and sex offender registration for teens involved in same-sex statutory rape. The Kansas law

4880-399: The script for this new film, and casting began. Jeremy London , an actor with a TV series and a few films to his credit, was cast as T.S.; Henry Thomas was the finalist of the role. Shannen Doherty was the most famous cast member after her appearances in several films and the hit TV show Beverly Hills, 90210 . Jason Lee was cast with no prior acting experience; before the film, Lee was

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4960-658: The sexual offences laws in Northern Ireland, and fixed the age of consent at 16 in line with the rest of the UK; prior to this act it was 17. In Scotland, the Sexual Offences (Scotland) Act 2009 also fixes an age of consent of 16, and is also two-tiered, treating children under 13 differently than children 13–15. Section 18, rape of a young child , applies to children under 13. Before the enactment of this act, Scotland had very few statutory sexual offences, with most of its sexual legislation being defined at common law , which

5040-454: The star of Smith's breakout feature Clerks . Plans for a sequel film titled MallBrats were announced in March 2015. By the following year, the project was proposed to be a television miniseries, but by February 2017, Smith announced that he had not been able to sell the series to any network. In January 2020, Smith revealed that development on a sequel film has started again, this time under

5120-448: The studios wanted, if they'd pay for his films. At the time, I thought he was joking." Kevin Smith responded by apologizing for Mallrats at the 1996 Independent Spirit Awards , though he later stated that the apology was made in jest. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the film has an approval rating of 58% based on 48 reviews, with an average rating of 5.6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, " Mallrats colorfully expands

5200-480: The talkers to protect the code). Szeto explains, "Woo uses the twin buddy pairs to explore the shifting meanings and multiple possibilities in interracial bonding, rather than simply recuperating and empowering dominant positions for white heterosexual men." Lethal Weapon was adapted into a television series which ran from 2016 to 2019. The 2021 series The Falcon and the Winter Soldier has many of

5280-565: The title Twilight of the Mallrats . Mallrats has had three versions released, with the main version being released amongst an extended version and a theatrical version. The theatrical release has a total of 100 differences between the extended and original version. College student T.S. Quint is preparing for a trip to Universal Studios Florida in Orlando with Brandi Svenning, during which he plans to propose to her; however, Brandi tells him she cannot go due to having volunteered to fill in as

5360-416: The two might find comfort at the local mall. Brodie and T.S. discover Truth or Date is being filmed at the same mall, through their friend Willam, who throughout the film tries to see a sailboat in a Magic Eye poster. The two ask local slackers Jay and Silent Bob to destroy the show's stage, a task for which they devise elaborate but ultimately unsuccessful plans. Brodie and T.S. run into Tricia Jones,

5440-505: The victim". While there is broad support for the concept of statutory rape as criminal in the United States, there is substantial debate on how vigorously such cases should be pursued and under what circumstances. In May 2006, the Irish Supreme Court found the existing statutory rape laws to have been unconstitutional , since they prevented the defendant from entering a defence (e.g., that he had reasonably believed that

5520-460: The view that the criminal act of the mother is irrelevant to a child support obligation. In many cases, the boys were not characterised as victims, but as willing participants. Courts often rely on the consent of the victim to the sexual intercourse when imposing child support orders, even though within the context of statutory rape prosecutions minors are deemed legally incapable of giving consent. County of San Luis Obispo v. Nathaniel J. examined

5600-430: The virtues of male comradeship and relegate male–female relationships to a subsidiary position." A female buddy film is similar to a buddy film except that the main characters are women, and it is centered on their situation. The cast may be mainly female depending on the plot. There are far fewer female buddy films than there are male buddy films; however, notable examples include 1991's Thelma and Louise , which had

5680-538: The way American men do, who are truly happiest when they are together with other men." Portrayal of male bonding in the United States traces back to 19th-century author Mark Twain 's characters Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer as a "good boy–bad boy combo", as well as Huck Finn and the slave Jim in Twain's 1884 novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn . Vaudeville acts in early 20th-century United States often featured male pairs. Another example could be 1881's The Prince and

5760-425: The younger regardless of relative age, such as a teacher/student, coach/player or guardian/ward relationship, or if any physical force was used or serious physical injury resulted. This is normally accomplished by making acts involving these circumstances separate crimes to which the "Romeo and Juliet" defence does not apply. An example is Texas Penal Code , Section 22.011(e). It provides an affirmative defence to

5840-420: Was also reflected in more common biracial pairings. In this decade, the buddy cop film took the place of the buddy road movie. Action films with biracial pairings include the 1982 film 48 Hours starring Eddie Murphy and Nick Nolte and the 1987 film Lethal Weapon starring Mel Gibson and Danny Glover . Another combination of the action film and the buddy film in the 1980s and another biracial reversal

5920-421: Was born. The court found that the boy was "not an innocent victim", and had responsibilities to the child despite the fact that he had been the victim of a sexual assault and had not been of the age of consent. The court ruled that the victim would be responsible for child support once he reached the age of majority . In some jurisdictions, relationships between adults and minors are penalised more when both are

6000-414: Was increasingly seen as a problem in particular for the issue of consent. The creation of a two-tier age limit was deemed very important during the drafting of the act. Often, teenage couples engage in sexual conduct as part of an intimate relationship. This may occur before either participant has reached the age of consent, or after one has but the other has not. In the latter case, in most jurisdictions,

6080-583: Was released in October 1995. It features mainly alternative rock from the 90s along with dialogue from the film. The ordering of the songs on the soundtrack album is not the order they appear as in the film. For example, Squirtgun 's "Social" opens the film, while Weezer 's "Susanne" ends the film, with Wax 's "Mallrats" playing over the end credits. The song " Boogie Shoes " by KC and the Sunshine Band makes an appearance, when Brodie and T.S. drive to

6160-1030: Was successfully challenged as being in conflict with the U.S. Supreme Court rulings Lawrence v. Texas and Romer v. Evans . The Lawrence precedent did not directly address equal protection , but its application in the case of State v. Limon (2005) invalidated age of consent laws that discriminate based on sexual orientation in Kansas. The law reads in Danish: § 222. Den, som har samleje med et barn under 15 år, straffes med fængsel indtil 8 år, medmindre forholdet er omfattet af § 216, stk. 2. Ved fastsættelse af straffen skal det indgå som en skærpende omstændighed, at gerningsmanden har skaffet sig samlejet ved udnyttelse af sin fysiske eller psykiske overlegenhed. Stk. 2. Har gerningsmanden skaffet sig samlejet ved tvang eller fremsættelse af trusler, kan straffen stige til fængsel indtil 12 år. Which translates roughly to: § 222. One who has sexual intercourse with

6240-468: Was the highest-grossing Indian film of all time. Biracial buddy films emerged in the 1970s and 1980s; Richard Pryor and Gene Wilder initiated the movement with Silver Streak (1976) and Stir Crazy (1980). Eddie Murphy was a key actor in biracial buddy films, starring in 48 Hours (1982) with Nick Nolte and in Trading Places (1983) with Dan Aykroyd . Throughout the 1980s,

6320-455: Was the 1988 film Die Hard in which Bruce Willis 's heroic character John McClane is supported by the black cop Al (played by Reginald VelJohnson ). In the early 1990s, the masculine figure in films became more sensitive, and some buddy films "contemplated a masculinity that required sensitive relations between men". Such films included The Fisher King (1991) and The Shawshank Redemption (1994). The decade also saw new approaches to

6400-427: Was the one who broke up with Brandi Svenning.) Other extended scenes have notable jump cuts. The original DVD's deleted scenes reel also featured the first draft opening sequence (in script form); here, T.S. is competing on a collegiate game show produced by Mr. Svenning; he accidentally mispronounces an answer ("Bay of Bisquake" instead of Bay of Biscay ); his team loses, and in the confusion, T.S. accidentally damages

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