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45-705: In 2011, the temple along with others in the area instituted a dress code on visitors of the temple. This temple had its origins in Kushasthali Cortalim , a village in Mormugão which fell to the invading Portuguese in 1543. In the year 1560, when the Portuguese started Christian conversions in mormugao taluka, the Saraswats of Kaundinya Gotra and Vatsa Gotra moved the Mangesh Linga from

90-461: A gombe habba . The festival played a historical role in the 14th-century Vijayanagara Empire , where it was called Mahanavami . The Italian traveller Niccolò de' Conti described the festival's intensity and importance as a grandeur religious and martial event with royal support. The event revered Durga as the warrior goddess (some texts refer to her as Chamundeshwari). The celebrations hosted athletic competitions, singing and dancing, fireworks,

135-707: A Jesuit priest. Before the Portuguese conquest of Goa , Cortalim village was also the site of the Mangueshi temple, dedicated to a form of Shiva. During the demolition of temples across Salcete ordered by the Viceroy António de Noronha , a local Brahmin gotra emigrated with the idol to its current location in Priol , Ponda . Novo Palmar, Thana, Nauta, Consua, 1st Arvalle, 2nd Arvalle, Zomboll, Chovoth, Vollant, Igorje Vaddo, Bondir, Maddant, Panzentar, Chaudi, Sotrant, Gallio, Almabhat, Dumiabhatt and Virabhat are

180-597: A pageantry military parade and charitable giving to the public. Portuguese travellers like Domingo Paes and Fernao Nuniz who visited Vijayanagara Empire in the 16th century described the Dasara elephant procession and the Vajra Mushti Kalaga wrestling bouts. The city of Mysore has traditionally been a major center of Dasara-Vijayadashami celebrations. This festival is called Dasara in Karnataka and

225-476: A procession in the Palakhi accompanied by music before the evening Aarti . The annual festivals include Rama Navami , Akshaya Tritiya , Anant Vritotsava, Navaratri , Dussera , Diwali , Magha Poornima Festival (Jatrotsav) and Mahashivratri. Magha Poornima Festival begins on Magha Shukla Saptami and ends on Magha Poornima. Traditional Cortalim Cortalim (pronounced [kuʈʈʰaːɭĩː] )

270-527: A procession. The special feature of the Kullu Dussehra procession is the arrival of floats containing deities from different parts of the nearby regions and their journey to Kullu . Vijayadashami is celebrated in a variety of ways in Southern India . Celebrations range from worshipping Durga, lighting up temples and major forts such as at Mysore, to displaying colourful figurines, known as

315-681: A result, dharma was established on Earth because of Rama's victory over Ravana. The festival commemorates the victory of good over evil. In the Mahabharata , Vijayadashami also marks the day that the Pandava warrior Arjuna defeats the Kauravas . The epic tells the story of the Pandava brothers who are known to have spent their thirteenth year of exile under concealed identity in Matsya,

360-407: A symbolic crossing of the border of their village. The icons of deities are carried in a grand procession. The tradition traces its roots to ancient times when kings would cross the border of their kingdom to wage war with the neighbouring kingdom. After Seemollanghan, there is a tradition wherein people exchange Aaptyachi pana . These leave symbolise gold and the ritual is a symbolic representation of

405-525: Is a major Hindu festival celebrated every year at the end of Durga Puja and Navarahtri . It is observed on the tenth day of the month of Ashvin , the seventh in the Hindu lunisolar calendar . The festival typically falls in the Gregorian calendar months of September and October, more specifically between 27 September and 26 October. It is celebrated on the tenth day of the waxing moon (Shukla Paksha) of

450-486: Is a prominent Nandi Bull and a beautiful seven-story deepstambha (lamp tower), which stands inside the temple complex in Saraswat Architectural style. The temple also has a magnificent water tank, which is believed to be the oldest part of the temple. The Sabha Griha is a spacious hall which accommodates over 500 people. The decor includes the chandeliers of the nineteenth century. The central part of

495-567: Is a village in Morumugão , Goa , India. Its native Goan population is entirely Catholic and their main occupations include fishing and agriculture. Located on the banks of the Zuari River , it was previously known as Kushasthale . The village is well known as the former site of an ancient temple dedicated to Shiva . There is also a cross commemorating the arrival of Christianity, together with St Philip and James Church. A new road bridge

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540-401: Is being constructed at Cortalim as part of the elevated road scheme that connects South and North Goa. Cortalim is located roughly midway on the main route connecting Panjim to Margao and Vasco ( National Highway 17 ). It is located 16 kilometres to the south of Panjim, 17 kilometres to the north of Margao and 8 kilometres from Mormugao. The current local name for the village, Kutthalle,

585-537: Is celebrated on Vijaya Dasami day. It is also known as Saraswati Puja Day. Major temple associated with Vidyarambham are Cherpu Thiruvullakkavu Temple Thrissur and Panachikkad Temple . A guru draws Om Hari Sree Ganapathaye Namah on the tongue of a child using a ring dipped in honey.Child is guided to write Hari Sree mantra on rice kept in Uruli . Children aged 3–4 who are new to school are admitted to school and Anganawadi on Vijayadashami Day. In Gujarat , people engage

630-465: Is derived from the previous name Kushasthale ( place where holy grass is grown for ritual sacrifice ), also attributed to Krishna 's birthplace, Dwarka . During the Portuguese era, the village was a part of the taluka of Salcete . In 1543, it became the first Goan village where Christianity was officially introduced. On 1 May 1560, the first Holy Mass was conducted here by Fr Pedro Mascarenhas,

675-575: Is locally known as Dasro in Konkani . It marks Durga's victory over the demon Mahishasura . Insignia known as Taranga play an important role in the festivities, which are sacred umbrellas that symbolize the village deities. At many temples, a dance of the Tarangas is held. Oracles are associated with Dasara in Goa . On this day, a ritual called Seemollanghan of the deities is held. For this people make

720-428: Is observed as Bijoya Dashomi, immediately after Navami (the ninth and last day of Durga Puja ). It is marked by processions in which idols are carried in carriages to a pond, river or ocean for a solemn good-bye to Goddess Durga, along with firecracker bursting, dance, drum beats, music and revelry. Many mark their faces with vermilion ( sindoor ) or wear red clothing. It is an emotional day for some devotees, especially

765-584: Is said to have been consecrated on the mountain of Mangireesh (Mongir) on the banks of river Bhagirathi by Brahma, from where the Saraswat Brahmins brought it to Trihotrapuri in Bihar . They carried the linga to Gomantaka and settled at Mormugao, on the banks of Zuari river present day called Kushasthali (modern day Cortalim) and established their most sacred temple there. The temple architecture consists of several domes, pilasters and balustrades. There

810-690: Is the British English spelling of the tadbhava Dassehrā . It is derived daśaharā ( दशहरा ), which is a Sanskrit compound word composed of daśama ( दशम , 'tenth') and ahar ( अहर् , 'day'). The celebration of this festival is founded in the epic Ramayana . It marks the day Rama is regarded to have slain the rakshasa king Ravana , who had abducted Rama's wife, Sita. Ravana kidnaps Sita and takes her to his kingdom in Lanka (identified with present day Sri Lanka ). Rama asks Ravana to release her, but Ravana refuses;

855-730: Is uniquely identified by three calendar elements: māsa (lunar month), pakṣa (lunar fortnight) and tithi (lunar day). Furthermore, when specifying the masa, one of two traditions are applicable, viz. amānta / pūrṇimānta . If a festival falls in the waning phase of the moon, these two traditions identify the same lunar day as falling in two different (but successive) masa. Traditional Vijayadashami ( Sanskrit : विजयादशमी , romanized :  Vijayadaśamī ), more commonly known as Dassahra in Hindi-Urdu, and also known as Dashāhra or Dashain in Maithili and Nepali,

900-411: Is worshipped here as Shiva linga. According to the legend, Shiva had manifested into a tiger to scare his wife Parvati . Paravati, who was frightened at the sight of the tiger, went in search of Shiva and cried out, "Trahi Mam girisha!" (Oh Lord of Mountains, save me!). Upon hearing the words, Shiva turned himself back to his normal form. The words "mam girisha" became associated with Shiva and over time

945-537: The Ramlila, a dramatic performance on story of Rama is enacted over the 9 days leading up to the festival. The performance is inspired from the Ramcharitmanas, a Hindu text written by Tulsidas . Effigies of the demons Ravana, Kumbhakarna and Meghnath are also created and burnt on bonfires in the evening. In other cities, such as Varanasi , the entire story is freely acted out by performance-artists before

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990-492: The 10 day festival is celebrated as Shara navaratri where the Goddess in every temple is worshiped for 10 days in 10 forms with different Alankar/forms to signify different Goddesses avatar. Many cultural programs and competitions are organized in many cities like Mysuru , Shivamoga , Bengaluru etc. On the evening of the last day of the ten-festival, the temple's Goddesses are taken in a procession to mark victory over evil and

1035-469: The Ashvayuja month. Vijayadashami is observed for different reasons and celebrated differently in various parts of India and Nepal. In the southern, eastern, northeastern, and some northern states of India , Vijayadashami marks the end of Durga Puja, commemorating goddess Durga 's victory against Mahishasura to restore and protect dharma . In the northern, central, and western states, it marks

1080-530: The Bengali Hindus, and even for many atheists as the congregation sings goodbye songs. When the procession reaches the water, the clay statues of Durga and her four children are immersed; the clay dissolves and they are believed to return to Mount Kailasha with Shiva, and to the cosmos in general. People distribute sweets and gifts and visit friends, relatives and family members to wish them "Subho Vijaya". Some communities such as those near Varanasi mark

1125-571: The Sabha Griha leads to the Garbha Griha where the image of Mangesh is consecrated. Like most temples in Goa, Mangueshi Temple has a large number of pujas being performed daily. Every morning, Shodshopchar pujas, namely Abhisheka , Laghurudra and Maharudra, are performed. This is followed by Maha-Aarti at noon and Panchopchar pooja at night. Every Monday, the idol of Manguesh is taken out for

1170-569: The celebration. Another significant and notable tradition of several Southern Indian regions has been the dedication of this festival to Saraswati , the Hindu goddess of knowledge, learning, music and arts. She is worshipped along with instruments of one's trade during this festival. In Southern India, people maintain, clean and worship their instruments, tools of work and implements of their livelihood during this festival, remembering Goddess Saraswati and Durga . In Kerala , Vidyarambham festival

1215-400: The completion of the war. People of Karnataka exchange leaves of Shami tree as symbol of gold on 10th day evening marking the win over demon. Another Navaratri tradition in Karnataka has been decorating a part of one's home with art dolls called Gombe or Bombe, similar to Golu dolls of Tamil Nadu. An art-themed Gaarudi Gombe, featuring folk dances that incorporate these dolls, is also a part of

1260-533: The country normally increases significantly during this period. The festival has been historically important in Maharashtra. Maratha forces in 17th and 18th centuries including those of Shivaji and the Peshwas would start their new military campaigns on Dasara. In North Maharashtra this festival is known as Dasara , and on this day people wear new clothes, and touch feet of elderly people and deities of

1305-414: The eleventh day, called ekadashi , by visiting a Durga temple. In Bihar Dushehra is celebrated over a period of 10 days. The people worship goddess durga and they setup idols in different places. On the 10th day that is Vijaya Dashmi effigy of Ravana is burnt. In Patna the capital of Bihar, people gather in historical Gandhi Maidan and a huge effigy of Ravan is burnt. In Nepal, Vijayadashami follows

1350-578: The end of Ramlila and commemorates the deity Rama 's victory over Ravana . Alternatively, it marks a reverence for one of the aspects of Durga. Vijayadashami celebrations include processions to a river or ocean front that involve carrying clay statues of Durga, Lakshmi , Saraswati, Ganesha , and Kartikeya , accompanied by music and chants, after which the images are immersed in the water for dissolution and farewell. In other places, towering effigies of Ravana, symbolising evil, are burnt with fireworks, marking evil's destruction. The festival also starts

1395-467: The exchange of gold. The festival is also celebrated as a harvest festival by farmers and has an important association with Agricultural activities. At Dussehra, Kharif crops like rice, guar, cotton, soybean, maize, finger millet, pulses are generally ready for harvest, farmers begin their harvest on the day. Farmers bring crops like Kharif crops from their fields for further processing and for trade. Due to this, daily arrivals of these crops in markets of

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1440-420: The festival of Dashain . Youngsters visit the elders in their family, distant ones come to their native homes, students visit their school teachers, and government workers visit the head of the state . The elders and teachers welcome the youngsters and bless them for virtuous success and prosperity in the year ahead. Elders give "Dakshina", or a small amount of money, to younger relatives at this time along with

1485-466: The kingdom of Virata . Before going to Virata, they are known to have hung their celestial weapons in a shami tree for safekeeping for a year. It was during this time that Kauravas decided to attack the kingdom in which Arjuna retrieved the weapons from the Shami tree and defeated the entire Kaurava army. In most of Northern India , Vijayadashami is celebrated in honour of Lord Rama . In many places,

1530-568: The original site at the Kushasthali or Cortalim on the banks of river Aghanashini ( Zuari ) (Sancoale) to its present location at Mangeshi in Priol village of Atrunja Taluka, which was then ruled by the Hindu kings of Sonde of Antruz Mahal ( Ponda ), to be more secure. Since the time of the shifting, the temple has been rebuilt and renovated twice during the reign of the Marathas and again in

1575-600: The popular festival, Navaratri , a nine-day festival that takes places before Vijayadashami. Both the goddess Durga and Rama are revered for their victory over evil. Fasting and prayers at temples are common. A regional dance called Dandiya Raas , that deploys colourfully decorated sticks, and garba, (another type of regional dance) is a part of the festivities through the night. The Gondi people instead celebrate Ravana by carrying an image of him riding an elephant and singing praises to him, as they consider Ravana as their ancestor and one of their gods. In Goa, this festival

1620-548: The preparations for Diwali , the important festival of lights, which is celebrated twenty days after Vijayadashami. Vijayādaśamī ( विजयादशमी ) is a compound of the two words vijaya ( विजय , 'victory') and daśamī ( दशमी , 'tenth day'), connoting the festival on the tenth day celebrating the victory of good over evil. The same Hindu festival-related term, however, takes different forms in different regions of India and Nepal , as well as among Hindu minorities found elsewhere. The word dussehra

1665-539: The public every evening for a month. The performance arts tradition during the Dussehra festival was inscribed by UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) as one of the "Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity" in 2008. It is celebrated across Northern India for Dussehra, but particularly in historically important Hindu cities of Ayodhya , Varanasi , Vrindavan , Almora , Satna and Madhubani . The festival and dramatic enactment of

1710-446: The situation escalates and leads to war. Prior to this, Ravana performed severe penance for ten thousand years and received a boon from the creator-god Brahma that he could henceforth not be killed by gods, demons, or spirits. However, Rama (a human incarnation of Vishnu ) defeats and kills him, thus circumventing the boon given by Brahma. A battle takes place between Rama and Ravana, in which Rama kills Ravana and ends his evil rule. As

1755-473: The various wadde (wards) of the village. According to the 2011 Census , Cortalim has a population of 9080 people, with 25% belonging to the Scheduled tribes . Cortalim is part of Cortalim (Goa Assembly constituency) and South Goa (Lok Sabha constituency) . Dussera The Hindu calendar is lunisolar but most festival dates are specified using the lunar portion of the calendar. A lunar day

1800-512: The victory of Rama is celebrated by burning the effigies of the evil Ravana and his allies. Kullu Dussehra is celebrated in the Kullu valley of Himachal Pradesh and is regionally notable for its large fair and parade witnessed by an estimated half a million people. The festival is a symbol of victory of good over evil by Raghunath , and is celebrated like elsewhere in the Indian subcontinent with

1845-463: The village temple. The deities installed on the first day of Navaratri are immersed in water. Observers visit each other and exchange sweets. Many communities in Maharashtra including the tribal communities of warli and Kokna exchange leaves of Apta tree as symbol of gold. In Mewar region of Rajasthan , both Durga and Rama have been celebrated on Vijayadashami, and it has been a major festival for Rajput warriors. In West Bengal Vijaya Dashami

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1890-426: The virtues versus vices filled story is organised by communities in hundreds of small villages and towns, attracting a mix of audiences from different social, gender and economic backgrounds. In many parts of India, the audience and villagers join in and participate spontaneously, helping the artists, others helping with stage setup, make-up, effigies, and lights. These arts come to a close on the night of Dussehra, when

1935-606: The words got abbreviated to Manguirisha or Manguesh. He is the kuldevta of many Goud Saraswat Brahmins and saraswat brahmins. The complex also has shrines of deities in the temple are Nandikeshvar, Gajanan, Bhagavati and the Gramapurusha Deva Sharma of the Vatsa gotra. The subsidiary shrines to the rear of the main building house Devtas like Mulakeshwsar, Virabhadra , Saanteri , Lakshminarayana , Suryanarayan , Garuda and Kala Bhairav . The Mangesh Linga

1980-438: The year 1890. The final renovation occurred in the year 1973 when a golden kalasha (holy vessel) was fitted atop the tallest dome of the temple. The original site was a very simple structure, and the current structure was only built under Maratha rule, some 150 years after it had been moved. The Peshwas donated the village of Mangeshi to the temple in 1739 on the suggestion of their Sardar, Shri Ramchandra Malhar Sukhtankar, who

2025-430: Was a staunch follower of Shri Mangesh. Just a few years after it was built, this area too fell into Portuguese hands in 1763, but by now, the Portuguese had lost their initial religious zeal and had been repeatedly defeated by the Marathas and had become quite tolerant of other religions, and so, this structure remained untouched. The main temple is dedicated to Bhagavan Manguesh, an incarnation of Shiva . Bhagavan Mangesh

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