95-889: National Route 1 ( N1 ) is a primary national route that forms part of the Philippine highway network , running from Luzon to Mindanao. Except for a 19-kilometer (12 mi) gap in Metro Manila and ferry connections, the highway is generally continuous. Most sections of N1 forms the Pan-Philippine Highway except for sections bypassed by expressways. N1 follows a route that runs from Laoag in Ilocos Norte to Zamboanga City via Bicol Region , Eastern Visayas and eastern and southern parts of Mindanao . The highway connects most major regional centers on its route and runs through different landscapes. The highway
190-491: A monument to an unknown soldier is located, towards the poblacion . At its intersection with N70 /AH26 (Palo–Santa Fe Road / San Salvador Street) at the vicinity of the Palo Cathedral , it then turns southeast to the towns at the eastern coast of Leyte. At Abuyog , it climbs the mountain range and enters Mahaplag , where it meets N70 (Tacloban–Baybay Road). It enters Southern Leyte at Sogod , where Agas-Agas Bridge
285-546: A new landfill that would also be a tourist attraction opened in Norzagaray . Ramon Angelo Jr., president Waste Custodian Management Corp. stated: "I want them to see our system in our place which should not be abhorred because we are using the new state-of-the-art technology." November to April is generally dry while wet for the rest of the year. The northeast monsoon ( amihan ) prevails from October to January bringing in moderated and light rains. From February to April,
380-689: A one-way street carrying northbound traffic, past its intersection with N919 (Ramon Magsaysay Avenue). At the Bonifacio Rotunda, it turns northwest to Davao-Cotabato Road as A. Pichon Street (one-way carrying southeast-bound traffic), then southwest to Elpidio Quirino Avenue and becomes McArthur Highway at General Generoso Bridge I over Davao River, all through Davao City proper. It then enters Santa Cruz , Davao del Sur as it traverses its eastern coast. It enters Digos , where it turns west at its intersection with N923 (Digos Diversion Road) and then south at its intersection with N75 to assume
475-439: A poetic form of speech. Some inhabitants also speak Kapampangan , especially in areas close to the border of Pampanga. Bulacan Tagalog itself contains many loanwords of Kapampangan origin. Like mentioned aboved, Bulacan was natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived, but when British invaded Manila , the province became dominantly Tagalog after many Tagalog refugees from Manila and northern areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan, where
570-636: A population of 3,708,890 people, the most populous in Central Luzon and the third most populous in the Philippines, after Cebu and Cavite . Bulacan's most populated city is San Jose del Monte , the most populated municipality is Santa Maria , while the least populated is Doña Remedios Trinidad yet the largest municipality in terms of area. In 1899, the historic Barasoain Church in Malolos
665-545: A province. On May 1, 2010, the province had 2,924,433 inhabitants with an annual population growth rate of 2.73 from the year 2000 to 2010, There were 588,693 households in the province with an average size of 4.8 persons. Bulacan had a median age of 23 years in 2007. As it is part of the Tagalog cultural sphere ( Katagalugan ), Tagalog is the predominant language of Bulacan. The Tagalog dialect spoken in Bulacan resembles
760-508: A river as Kakal Bridge. It then enters Maguindanao del Norte at Talitay (Sultan Sumagka). It retains the name Marbel-Allah Valley-Cotabato Road up to Cotabato City . It enters the Cotabato City proper, where it assumes the local name Sinsuat Avenue . At the junction of Sinsuat, Quezon, and Don Teodoro V. Juliano Avenues, N1 turns east to assume the name Cotabato–Lanao Road up to Matanog , Maguindanao del Norte; its section from
855-472: A southern bypass of N1 which traverses the sparsely populated province of Camarines Norte. After traveling through kilometers of jungle, N1 enters the poblacion of Labo, Camarines Norte , where it follows local streets. It then becomes a rural highway again, passing by the municipalities of Vinzons and Talisay before bypassing Daet . It passes through Bicol Natural Park where the road winds through mountainous and hilly terrain. N1 enters Camarines Sur at
950-547: A sudden downwards turn known as the 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis , which in turn led to a period of economic difficulty and a significant rise of social unrest. With only a year left in his last constitutionally allowed term as president, Ferdinand Marcos placed the Philippines under Martial Law in September 1972 and thus retained the position for fourteen more years. This period in Philippine history
1045-475: A total length of 22,337.26 kilometers (13,879.73 mi) of concrete roads, 12,459.96 kilometers (7,742.26 mi) of asphalt roads, 342.02 kilometers (212.52 mi) of gravel roads, and 24.89 kilometers (15.47 mi) of earth roads, with a grand total of 35,164.13 kilometers (21,849.98 mi). According to a 2011 report from the Asian Development Bank , the extent of the road network in
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#17327799646391140-538: A visita of Tondo, and it is not part of Calumpit as the boundary between Tondo and Calumpit was marked in Mambog River and placed the statue of Our Lady of Visitacion (patroness of Calumpit) was erected. It was gone and recreated in 1997 upon the re-establishment of the Roman Catholic Parish of Our Lady of Presentacion in Malolos. On April 30, 1578, the town of Bulakan was officially established by
1235-480: Is a network of national roads owned and maintained by the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) and organized into three classifications according to their function or purpose: national primary, secondary, and tertiary roads. The national roads connecting major cities are numbered from N1 to N83. They are mostly single and dual carriageways linking two or more cities. As of October 16, 2023, it has
1330-577: Is a principal route locally known as J.P. Rizal Avenue through the poblacion . It enters Zamboanga Sibugay , passing through the mountainous terrain and municipalities on the province's southern coast. N1 enters Zamboanga City as Maria Clara L. Lobregat Highway . It then enters the city proper, where it turns south as Veterans Avenue at the Sta. Cruz Junction, then southwest as Governor Lim Avenue , which carries one-way northeast-bound traffic, and finally southwest as Don Pablo Lorenzo Street . It ends at
1425-403: Is also the patron saint of Bulakan town, the first capital of the province. Officially, the province of Bulacan was created under Act 2711 on March 10, 1917. Bulacan covers a total area of 2,796.10 square kilometers (1,079.58 sq mi) occupying the southeastern section of the Central Luzon region. The province is bounded by Nueva Ecija ( San Isidro , Gapan , General Tinio ) on
1520-760: Is derived from the Tagalog word bulak , which means cotton in the English language. It is due to the abundance of cotton plant growing in the region. The First Constitutional Democracy in Asia was proclaimed in 1899 at the Barasoain Church in Malolos City , the capital of Bulacan. Bulacan is also the birthplace of the famous men and women of the country, like Marcelo H. del Pilar , known as "The Great Propagandist", and General Gregorio del Pilar who
1615-690: Is drained by the Angat and Pampanga rivers. The Sierra Madre mountain range forms the highlands of Bulacan in the east and is a protected area known as the Angat Watershed Forest Reserve . Angat Lake, which was formed by the Angat Dam is located in that area. The highest point in the province at 1,206 meters (3,957 ft) is Mount Oriod, part of the Sierra Madre. On January 19, 2008, an 18-hectare (44-acre) dump site ,
1710-749: Is famed as "The Tirad Pass Hero". The poet Francisco Balagtas , the singer Nicanor Abelardo , and the sculptor Guillermo Tolentino are some notable artists from Bulacan. The conquest of the area comprising present-day Bulacan traces to the first years of the Spanish in the Philippines. Upon the defeat of the Macabebe and Hagonoy forces led by Bambalito in the Battle of Bangkusay on June 3, 1571, Martín de Goiti to proceeded north, first to Lubao in September 1571. Two months later, on November 14, 1571, Goiti reached Malolos and Calumpit, respectively, and it
1805-605: Is limited to Cagayan, its name also alternatively extends up to N1's section in Bulacan . The highway soon enters Nueva Ecija at Carranglan . It then descends to the plain terrain in San Jose as it approaches the poblacion . It then cuts through Muñoz and Talavera before turning east by its junction with N114 (Nueva Ecija–Pangasinan Road) in Santo Domingo . It then cuts through Talavera (once again, this time with
1900-577: Is located, and enters the coastal towns of Libagon and Liloan . In Liloan, N1 enters Panaon Island through the Wawa Bridge, and there, its Visayas section ends at its intersection with N691 and the road serving the Port of Liloan, where motorists can board a ferry to Surigao City . The Mindanao section of N1 starts at the Port of Lipata in Surigao City . It enters Agusan del Norte and takes up
1995-621: Is mostly named Maharlika Highway , but other sections use different names. N1 begins at the intersection with N2 ( Manila North Road ) and N100 ( Laoag Airport Road ) in Laoag as Manila North Road ( MaNor ). It then crosses Padsan River via Gilbert Bridge and enters the city proper of Laoag, where it splits before turning to the east in front of Ilocos Norte Provincial Capitol, where the Pan-Philippine Highway commences. It then briefly follows J.P. Rizal Avenue before turning to General Segundo Avenue ; both are principal city streets passing through
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#17327799646392090-575: Is remembered for the Marcos administration's record of human rights abuses , particularly targeting political opponents, student activists, journalists, religious workers, farmers, and others who fought against the Marcos dictatorship. By this time, the social unrest of the pre-martial law period and the Marcos' violent responses to the protests of the time led many of the Philippines' youth, who previously held moderate positions calling for political reform, to be radicalized. Some were convinced to joined
2185-749: The Province of Bulacan ( Tagalog : Lalawigan ng Bulacan ; Kapampangan : Lalawigan ning Bulacan ), is a province in the Philippines located in the Central Luzon region . Its capital is the city of Malolos . Bulacan was established on August 15, 1578, and part of the Metro Luzon Urban Beltway Super Region . This province is a part of the Greater Manila Area . It has 572 barangays in 20 municipalities and four component cities ( Baliwag , Malolos
2280-659: The poblacion as Rizal Avenue and Magsaysay Avenue , respectively. It turns east and traverses the municipalities of Casiguran , Juban , Irosin , and Matnog , where the Luzon section of N1 ends at the Port of Matnog. Motorists can board a ferry to either Allen or San Isidro in Northern Samar at the port. The Visayas section of N1 begins at the intersection with N670 (Allen–Catarman Road / Allen Diversion Road) and Allen Old Road in Allen , Northern Samar , just south of
2375-558: The poblacion of San Rafael. At its intersection with San Rafael Municipal Road, the highway curves to the southwest to follow Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway ( DRT Highway ) until the intersection of the old Cagayan Valley Road and Esguerra Street in Pulilan . DRT Highway serves as a bypass of the old Cagayan Valley Road through Baliwag poblacion . At Guiguinto, it crosses the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) along with
2470-464: The poblacion ), Cabanatuan , Santa Rosa , San Leonardo and Gapan . The highway soon enters Bulacan at San Miguel , where it begins on a straight route. It then enters the poblacion of San Miguel, which it bypasses, and the highway begins to curve through most of its length between San Ildefonso and San Rafael , where the route runs through rice paddies. Plaridel Bypass Road intersects with Doña Remedios Trinidad Highway just before approaching
2565-472: The poblacion . At the roundabout intersection with N4 ( Jose P. Laurel Highway ) and Governor Carpio Avenue, it turns southeast as it leaves the province. It then re-enters the province of Laguna through Alaminos and then San Pablo , bypassing its poblacion . It then enters the province of Quezon at Tiaong , passing by the Villa Escudero plantations and going through the poblacion , followed by
2660-518: The "Kakarong Republic", the early epicenter of revolutionary fevor. Despite its defeat in the Battle of Kakarong de Sili , the memory of the Kakarong defenders still remain as part of the history and heritage of Bulacan as the first organized revolutionary government established in the era of the Revolution. The Americans established a local Philippine government in the Philippines when they held
2755-473: The Archbishop of Manila. Franciscan friars Juan Plasencia and Fray Diego de Oropesa founded Meycauayan in 1578, and for a time it was the capital of the province of Meycauayan (which differs from Western Bulacan, administered by Augustinian Order since 1572). The Meycauayan people were able to flourish and became so rich that their sons were six of the best in the then-Province of Meycauayan. These were
2850-518: The Augustinians, with Fray Diego Vivar as its first prior, and the convent was dedicated to San Agustin; when this was changed to Our Lady of Assumption is uncertain. It was reported that the western part of present-day Bulacan was to be very well-populated and rich. There is no documentation of the exact year and date when the Alcaldia de Calumpit was dissolved nor of the exact foundation year of
2945-518: The Bigaa River, where it passes through residential and industrial areas, and curves upon entering Bocaue , where it bypasses the town center. A flyover restricted for use by light vehicles crosses Fortunato Halili Avenue to Santa Maria with service roads serving as frontage and heavy vehicle routes. The highway then curves and traverses through the residential barangays of Bocaue and soon enters Marilao and Meycauayan . Entering Metro Manila,
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3040-781: The Calamba Crossing. In barangay Real , the highway is alternatively known as Real Road . N1 soon crosses the South Luzon Expressway at the Calamba Exit, where the concurrency with the Asian Highway 26 returns on the highway, and passes through several western barangays in Calamba. It then enters the province of Batangas in Santo Tomas , where it intersects with STAR Tollway and bypasses
3135-625: The Center for Bulacan Studies, and Isagani Giron of the Samahang Pangkasaysayan ng Bulacan (Sampaka) shows that Bulacan was identified as a visita of Tondo in 1578. With regards to exact date of foundation of Bulacan as a province, Veneracion correlated it with the Spanish practice of dedicating the founding of a pueblo to the feast of a patron saint . In the case of Bulacan it is the Nuestra Señora de la Asuncion , which
3230-784: The Magapit Interchange in Lal-lo . In Lal-lo, N1 is carried by the Magapit Suspension Bridge over the Cagayan River before meeting the Magapit Interchange. At the interchange, it turns southeast and becomes Cagayan Valley Road from Magapit, Lal-lo to Tuguegarao , running parallel to the Cagayan River. In Tuguegarao, N1 turns east at the roundabout intersection with N106 (Tuguegarao Diversion Road) and N51 ( Santiago–Tuguegarao Road ) to bypass
3325-564: The Philippine Highway Act of 1953 ( Republic Act No. 917 ) and the series of memorandums issued by the department between 2009 and 2014. The national primary roads are roads which form parts of the main trunkline system and directly connect three or more major cities and metropolitan areas with a population of at least 100,000. They are further classified into the north–south backbone, east–west lateral, and other roads of strategic importance. The north–south backbone refers to
3420-557: The Philippines are labelled with pentagonal black-on-white highway shields . Under the route numbering system of the Department of Public Works and Highways, highways numbered from N1 to N11 are the main routes or priority corridors, such as the national primary roads that connect three or more cities. The other primary roads that link two cities and municipalities with 100,000 people or less are numbered N51 to N83. The national secondary roads are assigned with three-digit numbers where
3515-494: The Philippines is comparable with or better than many neighboring developing countries in Southeast Asia . However, in terms of the quality of the road system, i.e., the percentage of paved roads and the percentage of those in good or fair condition, the country lagged behind its neighbors as of 2012 . The national roads in the Philippines are classified into three types by the Department of Public Works and Highways under
3610-536: The Port of Allen. It runs along the western coast of Northern Samar and Samar , notably through the cities of Catbalogan and Calbayog . In the poblacion of Santa Margarita, Samar , it briefly becomes a one-way southbound road as northbound traffic is diverted to the old route along Ramon Calagos and Yangzon (Barrantes) Streets. Further south in Calbayog, it traverses through the poblacion along local streets such as Del Rosario Street (where it briefly splits at
3705-633: The Santa Rita Interchange, where Asian Highway 26 leaves for the expressway. It soon crosses the original route of NLEX at Tabang Interchange. Past Tabang Interchange, N1 begins to follow Manila North Road once again, this time as MacArthur Highway , which serves as a major toll-free highway over southern Bulacan. It soon crosses the Philippine National Railways right of way and enters Balagtas , where it directly passes through its poblacion . It soon crosses
3800-543: The Tukuran poblacion , where it is locally known as Rizal Avenue . At the Tukuran Junction, it turns west and becomes Lanao-Pagadian-Zamboanga City Road and Pagadian City-Zamboanga City Road from thereon. It climbs the mountainous terrain and turns west at its intersection with N9 ( Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road ) to become alternatively known as National Highway . It then cuts through Pagadian , where it
3895-524: The alternate name Rizal Avenue as it approaches near the coast of Lanao del Sur with Celebes Sea up to Picong , the last municipality traversed by N1 before leaving Bangsamoro. N1's section from Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte, to Balabagan , Lanao del Sur , is also known as Narciso Ramos Highway . N1 enters Lanao del Norte at Sultan Naga Dimaporo , the only municipality it passes through in Northern Mindanao . It traverses along
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3990-617: The area called Toril (now part of Meycauayan) and their headquarters. Also in 1578, Plasencia established the Town of Meycauayan. Its pueblos were first only settlements of the Old Meycauayan , founded by Franciscan The province of Bulacan is on the island of Luzon and is one of the most important Alcadias de Termino . Civilly and politically it corresponds to the Audiencia y capitanía general de Filipinas and spiritually belongs to
4085-429: The areas of Calumpit (the capital), Capalangan, Cabangbangan and Hagonoy, which made up the Alcaldia's villages . Then Loarca mentioned that Alcaldia de Bulacan had Bulakan (its capital), Malolos, Caluya, Guguinto, Binto and Catanghalan (instead of Meycauayan) as its encomiendas , which formerly had one alcalde (mayor), though Loarca wrote that Alcaldia de Bulacan was formed in 1580 at the time of Peñalosa. Accrding to
4180-530: The boundary of Tagum and Carmen, Davao del Norte , the highway briefly splits into two as it crosses the Libuganon River. It enters Panabo and Davao City , where it is also known as Davao City-Panabo City Road and turns west at its intersection with N916 (R. Castillo Street) in Lanang as J.P. Laurel Avenue . It then runs through the city center of Davao, turns south, and becomes C.M. Recto Avenue ,
4275-476: The city proper and through its outskirts. Approaching Bacarra , it becomes a rural highway. At Bacarra, it bypasses the town center to the north and runs through a rural area, and then enters Pasuquin , where it serves as a major municipal street. Between Bacarra and Burgos , it becomes a rural two-lane highway and passes through interspersed barangays along the South China Sea coastline. It soon climbs
4370-568: The city proper towards Peñablanca and run parallel to the Cagayan River up to Reina Mercedes, Isabela . It then enters the province of Isabela and Nueva Vizcaya as Maharlika Highway , although it is alternatively called Cagayan Valley Road up to Guiguinto , Bulacan . It serves as the main artery of Isabela alongside N51. At Nueva Vizcaya, N1 runs parallel to and crosses the Magat River and traverses Dalton Pass , where Sierra Madre and Caraballo Sur meet. Although Cagayan Valley Road
4465-611: The coastline of Bashi Channel , where the highway zigzags through the cliffs through the Patapat Viaduct , a 630-meter (0.39 mi) viaduct that is required for the highway to pass the steep cliffs marking the northern edge of the Cordillera Range . Entering the Cagayan Valley region, N1 follows Manila North Road up to barangay Bangag, Aparri , where it turns south and becomes Bangag-Magapit Road up to
4560-690: The completion of the capitol building at Guinhawa, Malolos. In 1942, at the height of World War II , the Japanese Imperial Army occupied Bulacan and made Casa Real de Malolos its headquarters. In 1945, combined Filipino and American forces and local guerrillas attacked the Japanese Imperial Forces and liberated Bulacan. After the war, Bulacan was embroiled in the Hukbalahap Rebellion . In February 1945, Huk Squadron 77 composed of 109 veteran guerillas
4655-638: The document of Governor-General Luis Pérez Dasmariñas in the Account of the Encomiendas for the King of Spain furnished on June 21, 1591, the Alcaldia of Bulacan was part of La Pampanga with the Encomiendas subject to it such as the Encomiendas of Malolos (3,600 persons), Binto (2,000 persons), Guiguinto (2,000 persons), Caluya (2,800 persons), Mecabayan (2,800 persons) and Bulacan identified as " capital" and residence of "alcalde mayor" with 4,800 persons. In
4750-507: The east trade winds predominate but the Sierra Madre (Philippines) mountain range to the east disrupts the winds resulting to a dry period. From May to September, the southwest monsoon ( habagat ). The hottest month is May with an average temperature of 29.7 °C (85.5 °F) while the coldest is February with an average temperature of 25.1 °C (77.2 °F). Bulacan is subdivided into 20 municipalities and 4 cities . As
4845-514: The encomiendas of Calumpit and Malolos were unified and co-administered by Moron and Herrera. Also in that year, Alcaldia de Calumpit was formed in which the areas of Macabebe, Candaba, Apalit in Pampanga, and the settlements of Meyto, Panducot, Meysulao, and Malolos. On December 28, 1575, Governor-General Francisco Sande ordered to include Hagonoy in Calumpit. In 1575, Bulakan was established as
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#17327799646394940-506: The end of 1897 saw greater determination on the part of the Filipinos to carry on the revolutionary struggle. In early 1898, the provinces of Zambales , Ilocos , Pampanga, Bulacan, Laguna , Pangasinan , Nueva Ecija , Tarlac , and Camarines rose again. In Central Luzon , a revolutionary government was organized under General Francisco Macabulos , a Kapampangan revolutionary leader of La Paz, Tarlac . Pandi was, in 1896-97, with
5035-476: The first digit usually corresponds to the number of the primary road it links to. In the case where the secondary road connects to more than one primary road, its first digit is the lower numbered primary route. In Metro Manila , an older route numbering system is also being implemented alongside the National Route Numbering System of the Department of Public Works and Highways. Created in 1945, Manila's arterial road network consists of 10 radial roads which serve
5130-554: The first inhabitants of Bulacan, whose language is also called Alta Kabulowan. Their language is currently endangered due to a present influx of Tagalog speakers. Being bordered by Metro Manila from its south, people from farther provinces settled in Bulacan, resulting in minor but significant usage of non-native languages in the province such as Cebuano , Hiligaynon , Waray , Maranao , Maguindanaon , Tausug , Ilocano , Pangasinan and Bicolano . San Jose del Monte, Santa Maria , Malolos , Marilao , San Miguel and Norzagaray bear
5225-417: The first municipal election in the country in Baliwag on May 6, 1899. At the beginning of the American rule , 1899–1900, Malolos became the headquarters of the Military Governor of the Philippines at Casa Real. On February 27, 1901, the Philippine Commission officially transferred the seat of government to Malolos, and the Casa Real de Malolos was the seat of the Provincial Governor from 1900 to 1930 until
5320-438: The highest numbers of English speakers in the province. Roman Catholic (89.44%) is the predominant religion in the province. Malolos City is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Malolos , with its mother church, the Minor Basilica and Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception . On March 21, 2021, Sta. Maria Church was also granted the status of Minor Basilica by Pope Francis. It became Bulacan's second Minor Basilica and
5415-433: The highway follows MacArthur Highway over Valenzuela , which runs on a four to six-lane highway up to the Bonifacio Monument (Monumento) Circle in Caloocan . There, the Asian Highway 26 concurrency returns on N1 as it turns east to follow Epifanio de los Santos Avenue ( EDSA ) up to Pasay . The whole road, bypassing the capital city of Manila , is notorious for congestion which causes delays as well as economic losses in
5510-569: The highway is filled by the South Luzon Expressway and Skyway between Makati and Muntinlupa . It would have been filled by Taft Avenue Extension, starting from EDSA, going southwards via Quirino and Diego Cera Avenues and ends at Manila South Road below Alabang Viaduct through Alabang–Zapote Road. N1 resumes below the Alabang Viaduct of South Luzon Expressway (SLEX/E2/ AH26 ) in Alabang , Muntinlupa , where it intersects with SLEX's Alabang Exit, East Service Road, N411 ( Alabang–Zapote Road ), and N142 (Montillano Street). The highway assumes
5605-571: The intersection with N970 (N.S. Valderosa Street), N966 (Zamboanga City-Labuan-Limpapa Road/J.S. Alano Street/Calle Guardia Nacional), and N971 (Wharf Road/Don Pablo Lorenzo Street), its physical continuation towards the Port of Zamboanga . This junction is situated near the Zamboanga City Hall and the main campus of Universidad de Zamboanga . The direct predecessors of N1 were Highway 3 (later Manila North Road) from Laoag to Aparri and from Pulilan to Caloocan , majority of Cagayan Valley Road (Highway 5) from Lal-lo to Pulilan, Highway 54 then in
5700-523: The junction to Sultan Kudarat, Maguindanao del Norte is also known as Quezon Avenue . Near barangay Crossing Simuay, Sultan Kudarat, it takes the longer, circumferential path as it meets the western terminus of N75 ( Davao–Cotabato Road ). From Sultan Mastura to Parang , it follows the diversion road that bypasses the poblacion of these towns. Entering Lanao del Sur at Sultan Dumalondong , N1 becomes Cotabato–Malabang–Lanao del Norte Road as it would also traverse Malabang . In Balabagan , it assumes
5795-425: The junction with Mabini Avenue, in front of Saint Mary's College of Catbalogan ), Curry Avenue , San Roque Street , and Rizal Avenue Extension . It then leaves the island of Samar and crosses the San Bernardino Strait through the San Juanico Bridge . It enters the province of Leyte at Tacloban , where it bypasses the poblacion . It then enters Palo and turns southwest at the intersection with N686, where
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#17327799646395890-423: The largest one is that of Angat. Angat River passes through the towns of Norzagaray, Angat, Bustos, San Rafael, Baliwag, Plaridel, Pulilan, and Calumpit. It flows thence into the Pampanga River , goes out again, washes Hagonoy, and loses itself in the mangroves. The banks of these rivers are very fertile and are covered with trees. Bulacan lies in the southern portion of the fertile plains of Central Luzon. The area
5985-422: The longer road bypassing the Old Zigzag Road alignment through the protected Quezon National Forest Park in the Sierra Madre mountain range. It enters Atimonan , where it then reaches the eastern coast of Quezon, and traverses the coastal municipalities of Plaridel , Gumaca , Lopez , and Calauag . N1 enters Camarines Norte at the municipality of Santa Elena , meeting the N68 ( Andaya Highway ) that serves as
6080-532: The main trunkline, the Pan-Philippine Highway ( N1 , also designated as Asian Highway 26 ), which runs from Laoag in the northernmost parts of Luzon to Zamboanga City in western Mindanao , interconnecting the country's major islands. The east–west lateral roads are roads that traverse this backbone and runs east–west across the different islands. Other roads of strategic importance provide access to other areas vital for regional development and infrastructure. The national secondary roads are roads that complement
6175-399: The metropolis. EDSA runs through the central business districts of Metro Manila, most notably Araneta Center , Ortigas Center , and Makati Central Business District . The LRT Line 1 and MRT Line 3 utilizes the center island of EDSA on most segments between Caloocan and Pasay. N1 ends below the EDSA Flyover at N120/AH26/N61 ( Roxas Boulevard ) in Pasay. A 19-kilometer (12 mi) gap in
6270-446: The mountains upon approach to Burgos, where the highway directly serves the town. The highway zigzags through the rough terrain and overlooks the beach where Bangui Wind Farm lies. It then passes through Bangui , where it runs as a major street on the town center, crosses Bulu River, and enters Pagudpud , where it bypasses the town proper. N1 runs through the foothills that mark the edge of the Northern Luzon Cordillera and runs close to
6365-565: The municipalities of Candelaria and Sariaya and the city of Tayabas , where it turns southeast towards Lucena at the Calumpang Junction. From Tayabas through Lucena, N1 then follows the entire Lucena Diversion Road (also known as MSR Diversion Road ), a wide road which bypasses the Old Manila South Road alignment through Lucena poblacion up to the road's eastern end in Pagbilao . In Pagbilao poblacion , N1 briefly splits into Recto Street for westbound and J.P. Rizal Street . It then becomes alternatively known as New Diversion Road ,
6460-449: The municipality of Sipocot , where it meets again N68 at its eastern end. From Sipocot, N1 traverses the municipalities of Libmanan , Pamplona , San Fernando , and Milaor (where it is alternatively known as Mabolo Road) in Camarines Sur before entering the City of Naga . N1 enters Naga, bypassing its poblacion as Roxas Avenue or Diversion Road before turning east at the Naga Rotonda to follow Maharlika Highway to enter Pili ,
6555-457: The name Digos-Makar Road , which is locally known as Rizal Avenue at the city's poblacion , as it traverses the mountainous terrains up to General Santos . N1 enters Sarangani at Malungon , where it runs parallel to Malungon River from there. At General Santos , it is locally known as Jose Catolico Sr. Avenue until turning west to pass by the poblacion . It turns north at its intersection with N935 (Hadano Avenue) at Hadano Park to assume
6650-444: The name Maharlika Highway , Manila South Road , or locally, National Road . It runs as a commercial artery through the city up to the boundary with Laguna in San Pedro over the Tunasan River . However, this section does not assume the Asian Highway 26 concurrency, which is designated instead to South Luzon Expressway. N1 generally serves as a four-lane toll-free highway serving the suburban cities of northwestern Laguna alongside
6745-635: The name Marbel-Makar Road , alternately known up to Polomolok as General Santos - Polomolok National Road , GenSan - Polomolok National Road , or Polomolok National Highway . At Koronadal poblacion , the highway turns southwest at Marbel Roundball, a roundabout intersection with N940 ( Midsayap–Marbel Road ) and Koronadal–Lutayan–Columbio Road, and assumes the name Cotabato-Marbel Road up to Isulan . The highway veers northwest at Surallah and enters Sultan Kudarat at Isulan, where it becomes Marbel-Allah Valley-Cotabato Road . N1 enters Bangsamoro Region at Ampatuan , Maguindanao del Sur , as it crosses
6840-491: The newly-formed New People's Army as a last desperate way to resist Marcos' authoritarianism. On June 21, 1982, a group of young activists opposing the Marcos dictatorship tried to help farmers form a local chapter of Alyansa ng Magbubukid sa Gitnang Luzon (AMLG). They were arrested by armed soldiers from the 175th Philippine Constabulary Company and were found dead the following day in San Rafael, Bulacan. The name of
6935-399: The north, Aurora ( Dingalan ) on the northeast, Quezon ( General Nakar ) on the east, Rizal ( Rodriguez ) on the southeast, Metro Manila ( Valenzuela City , Malabon , Navotas , Caloocan and Quezon City ) on the south, Manila Bay on the southwest, and Pampanga ( Candaba , San Luis , Apalit , Macabebe , Masantol ) on the west. Several rivers irrigate the province of Bulacan;
7030-500: The original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them and assimilated to them. Many place names of Kapampangan origin are evident in the province, like Malolos, Baliwag, Guiguinto, Pandi, Quingwa (former name of Plaridel), & San Miguel de Mayumo. Three municipalities ( San Miguel , Doña Remedios Trinidad , and Norzagaray ) and one city ( San Jose del Monte ) are the homelands of the Alta Kabulowan (also known as Dumagat people),
7125-544: The original Kapampangan settlers welcomed them. Bulacan, along with Nueva Ecija, was natively Kapampangan when Spaniards arrived. Majority of Kapampangans sold their lands to the newly-arrived Tagalog settlers and others intermarried with and assimilated to the Tagalog, which made Bulacan dominantly Tagalog. In 1774, authorities from Bulacan, Tondo, Laguna Bay, and other areas surrounding Manila reported with consternation that discharged soldiers and deserters (from Mexico, Spain and Peru) were providing Indios military training for
7220-428: The population is concentrated in the southern half of the province, so are the legislative districts . The population of Bulacan in the 2020 census was 3,708,890 people, making it the second most populous province in the country, only behind from Cavite , which is also located in Luzon. It had a density of 1,300 inhabitants per square kilometer or 3,400 inhabitants per square mile, the country's 4th highest for
7315-574: The present alignment of N1 and Pan-Philippine Highway (also known as Maharlika Highway since 1979), which was conceived in 1965 as the country's principal transport backbone and later designated as Asian Highway 26 (AH26). In 2014, Department of Public Works and Highways assigned MacArthur Highway from Guiguinto to Caloocan, EDSA , Manila South Road from Muntinlupa to Calamba , and the segment of Pan-Philippine Highway from Laoag to Guiguinto and from Calamba to Zamboanga City as N1. Philippine highway network The Philippine highway network
7410-459: The primary roads and provide access to other major population centers. They directly link smaller cities and provincial capitals, airports, seaports, military bases and tourist centers to the primary roads. The third classification was introduced in 2014 known as national tertiary roads. They include other existing roads administered by the DPWH which perform a local function. The national roads in
7505-590: The province of Rizal , majority of Manila South Road (Highway 1) from Muntinlupa to Matnog , Samar-Leyte Road (Highway 1) from Calbayog to Santa Rita , Leyte-Samar Road (Highway 1) from Tacloban to Mahaplag and from Sogod, Southern Leyte to Liloan , Agusan-Davao Road, Davao-Cotabato Road (Highway 1) from Davao to Digos , Lanao-Cotabato Road (Highway 5) from Dadiangas (present-day General Santos) to Mamasapano , Cotabato-Lanao Road (Highway 1) from Sultan Kudarat to Malabang , and Lanao-Zamboanga Road. More roads were later constructed and added to integrate with
7600-457: The province of Bulacan erected a stone column in the plaza of Bulacan in Memory of Fr. Manuel Blanco O.S.A. who died on April 1, 1845. In 1848, when the boundaries of Pampanga were changed, the region, which includes the important town of San Miguel de Mayumo and neighboring places that were formerly part of Pampanga, was adjudicated to Bulacan. In an earlier period during 1890, Malolos
7695-459: The province of Bulacan. It has only been documented that Malolos (then part of Calumpit in 1572) was first to appear as part of Alcaldia de Bulacan in 1582. It may be assumed that the reorganization of encomiendas occurred between 1580 and 1582 at the time of Governor-General Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa . The same document, also from the 1582 Relacion de las Islas Filipinas by Miguel de Loarca, reports that Alcaldia de Calumpit had jurisdiction in
7790-402: The provincial capital, Meycauayan , and San Jose del Monte the largest city). Bulacan is located immediately north of Metro Manila . Bordering Bulacan are the provinces of Pampanga to the west, Nueva Ecija to the north, Aurora and Quezon to the east, and Metro Manila and Rizal to the south. Bulacan also lies on the north-eastern shore of Manila Bay . In the 2020 census, Bulacan had
7885-552: The provincial capital. It then traverses the municipalities of Bula , Baao , Nabua , and Bato . N1 enters the province of Albay at Polangui and traverses south of the Mayon Volcano . At Daraga poblacion , N1 turns sharply to the west as it intersects with N630 (Rizal Avenue), which provides access to Legazpi City , and becomes a zigzag road as it leaves the province. N1 enters the province of Sorsogon at Pilar . It then enters Sorsogon City , where it cuts through
7980-1820: The purpose of conveying traffic in and out of the city of Manila and are numbered in a counter-clockwise pattern, and 6 circumferential roads that serve as the beltways of the city. The Philippine highway network consists of the following routes, as of 2021: General Malvar Avenue (Santo Tomas) Bais–Kabankalan Road Bacolod North Road Dumaguete North Road Dumaguete South Road Natalio Bacalso Avenue (south of Cebu City) Sayre Highway (Maramag–Cagayan de Oro) Kennon Road Pangasinan–Zambales Road (Dagupan-Lingayen) Romulo Highway (Lingayen–Tarlac City) Lupao–Umingan Road Umingan–Rosales Road Carmen–Rosales Road Marikina–Infanta Highway Aurora Boulevard Corazon C. Aquino Avenue (Taytay to Antipolo) Diego Cera Avenue Aguinaldo Highway (Bacoor to Tirona Highway) Tirona Highway Magdiwang Highway Manila–Cavite Road Tanza–Trece Martires Road General Malvar Street (Biñan) Calauan–San Pablo Road Ormoc–Baybay–Southern Leyte Boundary Road (Ormoc–Baybay) Tacloban–Baybay Road (Baybay–Mahaplag) Narciso Ramos Highway (Marawi–Malabang segment) Oroquieta–Dipolog Road Dipolog–Sindangan–Liloy Road Liloy–Ipil Road Cebu–Toledo Wharf Road Naga–Uling Road Mandaue–Mactan Road Pajo–Basak–Marigondon Road (Lapu-Lapu) Notes (Camalaniugan–Santa Ana Road) Gen. San Miguel Street C-4 Road Mel Lopez Boulevard Bonifacio Drive Roxas Boulevard (Padre Burgos Avenue to EDSA) (Gurel–Bokod–Kabayan–Buguias–Abatan Road) Calbayog–Catarman Road 8th Street Salinas Drive Juan Luna Avenue Connects to Sayak/Siargao Airport Capitol Circumferential Road Ozamiz Cotta Road Isabela-Maluso-Sumisip Road Isabela-Lamitan Wharf Road Bulacan Bulacan , officially
8075-504: The same 1591 document, it was mentioned that "Calumpit y Hagonoy" belonged to Juan Moron with 12,800 persons, 2 Augustinian Convents, and 1 Alcalde Mayor of its own. However, the establishment and development of the southern part of present-day Bulacan were not simultaneous and identified with the West. In 1578, the Order of Friars Minor, headed by Juan de Plasencia and Diego Oropesa, arrived in
8170-638: The section Surigao-Butuan National Highway from Kitcharao to Ampayon, Butuan , where it turns southeast at its intersection with Butuan–Cagayan de Oro–Iligan Road (N9) to assume the name Davao-Agusan National Highway from thereon. It then enters Agusan del Sur , where it traverses near the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary . N1 enters Davao de Oro (formerly Compostela Valley) at Monkayo and goes through mountainous terrain as it heads south towards Tagum in Davao del Norte . At
8265-651: The so-called Bulacan Martyrs was added to the Bantayog ng mga Bayani's 'Wall of Remembrance' in 2012. Through Presidential Decree № 824 , Bulacan was partitioned on November 7, 1975, to form the National Capital Region . The municipality of Valenzuela was excised to form the new region, while the other 25 towns remained in Bulacan. To determine the tentative date of Bulacan's foundation and to trace its roots from colonial period, efforts and research conducted by Jaime Veneracion, Reynaldo Naguit of
8360-424: The southern coast of the province. Within the region and province, it is alternatively known as Malabang–Dobleston–Tukuran Road as it traverses Barangay Dabliston. N1 enters Zamboanga del Sur at Tukuran , where it becomes alternatively known as Tucuran Junction–Karomatan Junction Road or Malabang–Tukuran Road as it approaches the poblacion , where it veers away from the province's coast along Pagadian Bay at
8455-531: The tolled South Luzon Expressway . Most sections of N1 between San Pedro and Calamba serve as commercial streets bypassing the old poblacion s. Most of N1 is four-lane with a painted median divider. It enters Laguna in San Pedro, where it serves as a major commercial street, with a maximum of four lanes. It then enters the cities of Biñan , Santa Rosa , Cabuyao , and Calamba, where it turns southwest at its intersection with N66 ( Calamba–Pagsanjan Road ) at
8550-567: The towns of Bocaue, Polo, San Jose del Monte, Santa Maria de Pandi, Obando and Marilao). During the General Visitation of October 5, 1762, by Don Simón de Anda y Salazar , the province was headed by Capitan Don Jose Pasarin, alcalde mayor of the province. 1795–96, Don Manuel Piñon was the alcalde mayor. In the same year, British occupation of Manila happened, and many Tagalog refugees from Manila & north areas of Cavite escaped to Bulacan and to neighboring Nueva Ecija, where
8645-458: The weapons that had been disseminated all over the territory during the British war. By the end of the 1700s, Bulacan had 16,586 native families and 2,007 Spanish Filipino families . According to the "Guia de 1839", Bulacan province on the island of Luzon, Philippines, was governed by a mayor and consisted of 19 pueblos, 36,394 tributes and 181,970 souls. D. Felipe Gobantes, Alcalde of
8740-507: Was a hot spot of Liberal Ilustrados , notably the "20 Women of Malolos", who exerted pressure for education under Filipino professors. However, the first phase of the revolution ceased in 1897 with the signing of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato in San Miguel . Under its terms, the leaders of the revolution were to go to Hong Kong and reside there. Under the illusory peace created by the pact,
8835-461: Was reported to Adelantado Miguel Lopez de Legazpi , the first Governor-General of the Philippines . Adelantado established Calumpit and Malolos as an encomienda entrusted to Sargento Juan Moron (Morones in other documents) and Don Marcos de Herrera. These two conquistadores were one of the first group of conquerors accompanied by Legaspi who have arrived in the Islands in 1565. On April 5, 1572,
8930-407: Was surrounded, shot, and buried in a mass grave in Malolos. The beginning months of the 1970s marked a period of turmoil and change in the Philippines, as well as in Bulacan. During his bid to be the first Philippine president to be re-elected for a second term, Ferdinand Marcos launched an unprecedented number of foreign debt-funded public works projects. This caused the Philippine economy took
9025-561: Was the birthplace of the First Philippine Republic , sometimes described as the first constitutional democracy in Asia. On November 7, 2018, the Provincial Government of Bulacan bagged its fourth Seal of Good Local Governance award. The SGLG award is a progressive assessment system that gives distinction to remarkable governance performance. The name Bulacan was named after the town Bulakan which
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