37-770: The Manitoba Liquor Control Commission ( MLCC ) was a Crown corporation mandated with regulating, distributing, and selling beverage alcohol in the Canadian province of Manitoba . In 2014, the Manitoba government merged MLCC with the Manitoba Lotteries Corporation to form the Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation . What came to be the MLCC was preceded by the three-member Board of Liquor Control Commissioners —established in 1889 under
74-612: A fully privatized company. The first Crown corporation was the Board of Works, established in 1841 by the Province of Canada to construct shipping canals. The first major Canadian experience with directly state-owned enterprises came during the early growth of the railways . The first Canadian Crown corporation after confederation was the Canadian National Railway Company , created in 1922. During
111-546: A mandate (by royal charter) to govern a specific territory called a charter colony , and the head of this colony, called a proprietary governor , was both a business manager and the governing authority in the area. The first colonies on the island of Newfoundland were founded in this manner, between 1610 and 1728. Canada's most famous and influential chartered company was the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), founded on May 2, 1670, by royal charter of King Charles II . The HBC became
148-509: A mixture of commercial and public-policy objectives. They are directly and wholly owned by the Crown (i.e. the government of Canada or a province). Crown corporations represent a specific form of state-owned enterprise . Each corporation is ultimately accountable to (federal or provincial) Parliament through a relevant minister for the conduct of its affairs. They are established by an Act of Parliament and report to that body via
185-561: A relevant minister for the conduct of its affairs. Although these corporations are owned by the Crown, they are operated with much greater managerial autonomy than government departments. While they report to Parliament via the relevant minister in Cabinet , they are "shielded from constant government intervention and legislative oversight" and thus "generally enjoy greater freedom from direct political control than government departments." Direct control over operations are only exerted over
222-545: A symbol of modern Quebec, helping to create the Quiet Revolution of the 1960s where French-speakers in Quebec rose to positions of influence in the industrial economy for the first time, and Quebec nationalism emerged as a political force. This model followed by SaskPower in 1944 and BC Hydro in 1961. Other areas provinces were active in included insurance ( Saskatchewan Government Insurance , 1945) In Alberta,
259-511: A team of editors, who publish detailed reasons for choosing each of the winners. Any employer, whether private or public sector, operating in Canada may apply to be considered. Applications are generally released each February and must be submitted to the editors approximately eight weeks later. Employers complete a single application to be considered for the national competition, as well as 18 regional and special-interest competitions managed with
296-490: Is an annual editorial competition that recognizes the best places in Canada to work. First held in 1999, the project aims to single out the employers that lead their industries in offering exceptional working conditions and progressive human resources policies. Winners are announced each October in The Globe and Mail newspaper. From 1999 to 2006, the list was published as an annual paperback book in Canada. Beginning in 2007,
333-848: Is established or operated by the King in Right of Ontario or the Government of Ontario , or under the authority of the Legislature or the Lieutenant Governor -in-Council. Finances Quebec published a list 60 Quebec Crown corporations ( French : sociétés d'État ) in June 2017. The following entities were among those listed: Several private Canadian companies were once Crown corporations, while others have gone defunct. Canada%27s Top 100 Employers Canada's Top 100 Employers
370-631: The Government Liquor Control Commission to act as the sole authority for the sale and distribution of liquor in Manitoba. The new Commission was composed of three Lieutenant-Governor -appointed members and was mandated with implementing and overseeing the provisions of the Government Liquor Control Act (1923, 1928), including the operation of liquor stores , as well as the regulation of liquor sales and use within Manitoba. In 1957, as part of
407-537: The Liquor License Act , which banned the sale, distribution, or transportation of liquor without a liquor license . Reporting directly to the Attorney General , the Board was in charge of issuing, denying, suspending, and revoking all liquor licenses within Manitoba, as well monitoring compliance with the Liquor License Act . The Board would lose much of its function in 1916 with the passing of
SECTION 10
#1732791338147444-546: The Manitoba Temperance Act , which banned most liquor sales within the province. In 1923, the Manitoba Temperance Act was repealed by the Government Liquor Control Act , which permitted the sale of beverage liquor to the general public through government-owned and -operated stores, as well as through licensed vendors. For this, the Act dissolved the Board of Liquor Control Commissioners and formed in its place
481-500: The East to create Canadian National Railways (CNR) in 1918 as a transcontinental system . The CNR was unique in that it was a conglomerate , and besides passenger and freight rail, it had inherited major business interests in shipping, hotels, and telegraphy and was able create new lines of business in broadcasting and air travel. Many of the components of this business empire were later spun off into new Crown corporations including some
518-614: The actions of these organizations. The Crown is not liable for Crown corporations with non-agent status, except for actions of that corporation carried out on instruction from the government, though there may be "moral obligations" on the part of the Crown in other circumstances. Crown corporations are generally formed to fill a need that the federal or provincial government deems in the national interest or not profitable for private industry. Some Crown corporations are expected to be profitable organizations, while others are non-commercial and rely entirely on public funds to operate. Prior to
555-700: The administration of The Liquor Control Act was a government position in Manitoba responsible for the implementation and maintenance of the former Liquor Control Act , including the responsibility to oversee the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission and the Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation Rather than a full portfolio , it was always held by ministers with other cabinet responsibilities. Crown corporations of Canada Crown corporations ( French : Société de la Couronne ) are government organizations in Canada with
592-599: The construction of the Intercolonial Railway between them was one of the terms of the new constitution. The first section of this entirely government-owned railway was completed in 1872. Western Canada 's early railways were all run by privately owned companies backed by government subsidies and loans. By the early twentieth century, however, many of these had become bankrupt . The federal government nationalised several failing Western railways and combined them with its existing Intercolonial and other line in
629-401: The corporation's budget and the appointment of its senior leadership through Orders-in-Council . Further, in the federal sphere, certain Crown corporations can be an agent or non-agent of the Crown. One with agent status is entitled to the same constitutional prerogatives, privileges, and immunities held by the Crown and can bind the Crown by its acts. The Crown is thus entirely responsible for
666-552: The earlier part of the century, many British North American colonies that now comprise the Canadian federation had Crown corporations, often in the form of railways, such as the Nova Scotia Railway , since there was limited private capital available for such endeavours. When three British colonies joined to create the Canadian federation in 1867, these railways were transferred to the new central government. As well,
703-591: The excesses of the previous open market which had led to calls for prohibition in the first place. Virtually all the provinces used this system at one point. The largest of these government liquor businesses, the Liquor Control Board of Ontario (founded 1927), was by 2008 one of the world's largest alcohol retailers. Resource and utility crown corporations also emerged at this time, notably Ontario Hydro and Alberta Government Telephones in 1906, and SaskTel in 1908. Provincial governments also re-entered
740-418: The federal government. In Canada, Crown corporations within either the federal or provincial level are owned by the Crown as the institution's sole legal shareholder . This follows the legal premise that the monarch , as the personification of Canada , owns all state property. Established by an Act of Parliament , each corporation is ultimately accountable to (federal or provincial) Parliament through
777-414: The federal level. Not only the federal government was involved, but also the provinces, who were in engaged in an era of " province building " (expanding the reach and importance of the provincial governments) around this time. The prototypical example is Hydro-Québec , founded in 1944 and now Canada's largest electricity generator and the world's largest producer of hydro-electricity. It is widely seen as
SECTION 20
#1732791338147814-551: The formation of Crown corporations as presently understood, much of what later became Canada was settled and governed by a similar type of entity called a chartered company . These companies were established by a royal charter by the Scottish , English , or French crown, but were owned by private investors. They fulfilled the dual roles of promoting government policy abroad and making a return for shareholders. Certain companies were mainly trading businesses, but some were given
851-526: The implementation of employee development programs, among other things. In 1980, the commission was renamed the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission. In April 2012, the Government of Manitoba announced, through the provincial budget, a plan to merge the Manitoba Liquor Control Commission with Manitoba Lotteries , to form the Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation . In September 2012, the province held public consultations in six communities to discuss
888-457: The list and the editors' Reasons for Selection were published online each year. Beginning in 2014, the winners were also announced in a national magazine published in The Globe and Mail . The competition is organized by Mediacorp Canada Inc., a specialty publisher of employment-related periodicals. Employers are evaluated on eight criteria, which have remained consistent since the competition
925-467: The merger: Arborg , Thompson , The Pas , Brandon , Winkler , and Winnipeg . The Manitoba Liquor and Lotteries Corporation Act and the Manitoba Liquor and Gaming Control Act came into effect on 1 April 2014, officially beginning the operation of Manitoba Liquor & Lotteries Corporation. At the same time, the Liquor and Gaming Authority of Manitoba was created to absorb the regulatory functions of
962-482: The mid-century. The federal Post Office Department became a Crown corporation as Canada Post Corporation in 1981, and Canada's export credit agency , Export Development Canada , was created in 1985. Perhaps the most controversial was Petro-Canada , Canada's short-lived attempt to create a national oil Crown corporation , founded in 1975. The heyday of Crown corporations ended in the late 1980s, and there has been much privatisation since that time, particularly at
999-500: The most important businesses in the mid-20th-century economy of Canada, such Air Canada , the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC), Via Rail , and Marine Atlantic . Provincial Crown corporations also re-emerged in the early 20th century, most notably in the selling of alcohol. Government monopoly liquor stores were seen as a compromise between the recently ended era of Prohibition in Canada and
1036-802: The new Liquor Control Act (1956), the Government Liquor Control Commission became known as the Liquor Control Commission of Manitoba . The Liquor Control Act modernized liquor sales and regulation; however, the Commission retained its function of controlling Manitoba liquor sales, and reported to the Minister responsible for the Liquor Control Act. The Liquor Control Act empowered the commission to buy, import, and sell liquor; control
1073-446: The possession, sale, and transportation of liquor; and to establish and operate liquor retailers throughout the province of Manitoba. Beginning in the late 1970s and early 1980s, the commission's role was broadened to include greater emphasis on corporate effectiveness , product quality control , customer relations , workplace quality, and social responsibility . This brought on public campaigns for responsible alcohol consumption, and
1110-508: The public that otherwise would not be economically viable as a private enterprise or that do not fit exactly within the scope of any ministry. They are involved in everything from the distribution, use, and price of certain goods and services to energy development, resource extraction, public transportation, cultural promotion, and property management . As of 2022 , there were 47 federal Crown corporations in Canada. Provinces and territories operate their own Crown corporations independently of
1147-494: The railway business as in Northern Alberta Railways in 1925 and what later became BC Rail in 1918. A notable anomaly of this era is Canada's only provincially owned "bank" (though not called that for legal reasons) Alberta Treasury Branches , created in 1937. The Bank of Canada , originally privately owned, became a Crown corporation in 1938. New crown Corporations were also created throughout much of
Manitoba Liquor Control Commission - Misplaced Pages Continue
1184-556: The relevant minister in Cabinet , though they are "shielded from constant government intervention and legislative oversight" and thus "generally enjoy greater freedom from direct political control than government departments." Crown corporations are distinct from "departmental corporations" such as the Canada Revenue Agency . Crown corporations have a long-standing presence in the country and have been instrumental in its formation. They can provide services required by
1221-494: The term public agency is used to describe "boards, commissions, tribunals or other organizations established by government, but not part of a government department." Crown corporations in Manitoba are supported by Manitoba Crown Services . Crown corporations in Ontario are referred to as Crown agencies . A Crown agency includes any board, commission, railway, public utility, university, factory, company or agency that
1258-645: The two former corporations. MLCC was headquartered in Winnipeg . At the time of its merger, MLCC employed approximately 1,200 full and part-time workers, all being members of the Manitoba Government Employees Union . In October 2008, MLCC was named one of " Canada's Top 100 Employers " by Mediacorp Canada Inc., and was featured in Maclean's newsmagazine. Later that month, MLCC was also named one of Manitoba's Top Employers , which
1295-575: The world's largest land owner, at one point overseeing 7,770,000 km (3,000,000 sq mi), territories that today incorporate the provinces of Manitoba , Saskatchewan and Alberta , as well as Nunavut , the Northwest Territories , and Yukon . The HBC were often the point of first contact between the colonial government and First Nations . By the late 19th century, however, the HBC lost its monopoly over Rupert's Land and became
1332-657: Was announced by the Winnipeg Free Press newspaper. At the time of its merger, MLCC had 56 Liquor Mart/Liquor Mart Express locations, 175 Liquor Vendors (partners with the MLCC), and 8 specialty wine stores throughout Manitoba, and its products included a total of 4,341 active product listings as of 2012. The MLCC's enforcement of liquor controls included inspections of licensed premises, sale permit functions as well as professional shoppers in liquor marts to ensure proof-of-age challenges. The Minister charged with
1369-436: Was launched: (1) Physical Workplace; (2) Work Atmosphere & Social; (3) Health, Financial & Family Benefits; (4) Vacation & Time Off; (5) Employee Communications; (6) Performance Management; (7) Training & Skills Development; and (8) Community Involvement. Employers are compared to other organizations in their field to determine which offers the most progressive and forward-thinking programs. Selections are made by
#146853