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177-454: Manly is a beach-side suburb of northern Sydney , in the state of New South Wales , Australia. It is 17 kilometres (11 mi) north-east of the Sydney central business district and is currently one of the three administrative centres of the local government area of Northern Beaches Council . Manly has a long-standing reputation as a tourist destination, owing to its attractive setting on
354-718: A southerly buster , a powerful southerly that brings gale winds and a rapid fall in temperature. Since Sydney is downwind of the Great Dividing Range , it occasionally experiences dry, westerly foehn winds typically in winter and early spring (which are the reason for its warm maximum temperatures). Westerly winds are intense when the Roaring Forties (or the Southern Annular Mode ) shift towards southeastern Australia, where they may damage homes and affect flights , in addition to making
531-600: A British penal colony , the first European settlement in Australia. After World War II, Sydney experienced mass migration and by 2021 over 40 per cent of the population was born overseas. Foreign countries of birth with the greatest representation are mainland China, India, the United Kingdom, Vietnam and the Philippines. Despite being one of the most expensive cities in the world, Sydney frequently ranks in
708-662: A backbone and kept upright by a group of supporters. His political caricatures soon became a consistent feature of his work for The Bulletin . The following issue included a cartoon by Hopkins featuring caricatures of the colonial treasurer, James Watson , and prominent Sydney businessman Albert Elkington, who had recently been on opposite sides of a legal dispute in the Equity Court. In 1884, in addition to his routine work for The Bulletin , Hopkins provided illustrations for The Parsonage Girl: A Tale in Five Chapters ,
885-557: A claimed trip time of 18 minutes, but this excludes unloading time. This replaced a similar but superior high speed operation that was run with a 15 minute (later 12 minute) trip hydrofoil service from 1964 until 1992 and then a 15 minute trip JetCat service which was used to replace the hydrofoils from 1990, but was withdrawn by the NSW Government in late December 2008. The relaxed lifestyle, beaches and proximity to Sydney city have led to Manly's real estate prices being amongst
1062-493: A community plan for the area's future. Manly has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: Manly has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with warm summers and mild winters. Manly is most notable for its beaches, which are popular tourist destinations. Manly features a long stretch of sand on the ocean side, that runs from Queenscliff through North Steyne to South Steyne. This is followed by rock pools and sandy beaches called Fairy Bower and Shelly Beach . There are also
1239-798: A desperate effort to engage and bring to Australia some one of the many clever comic draughtsmen whose work embellished various Yankee papers which we received regularly". After an unsuccessful attempt to entice George Keller of San Francisco's The Wasp magazine, Traill crossed the continent by rail to New York City. In New York Traill interviewed artists whose work he admired, including James Wales of Judge and Frederick Opper of Puck . Traill also had an appreciation for Livingston Hopkins' illustrations, whose work he had seen in St. Nicholas and The Daily Graphic . In November 1882 he went to see Hopkins at his studio in Nassau Street. After ascending
1416-645: A destitute George Reid, then premier of New South Wales, with spectral figures of past politicians in the background. His drawing complemented a leading article on the following page supporting an increase in salaries for Australian politicians. Hopkins' wife Harriet died on 30 July 1895 at their home in Mosman, aged 46. After the death of their mother Hopkins' daughters ran the household at 'Fernham'. Hopkins enjoyed an enduring popularity with readers of The Bulletin . The historian and graphic artist, Marguerite Mahood , wrote that Hop's "irreverent, racy satire suited
1593-519: A feature of Sydney's topography. After Phillip's departure in December 1792, the colony's military officers began acquiring land and importing consumer goods from visiting ships. Former convicts engaged in trade and opened small businesses. Soldiers and former convicts built houses on Crown land, with or without official permission, in what was now commonly called Sydney town. Governor William Bligh (1806–08) imposed restrictions on commerce and ordered
1770-596: A ferry service from Manly wharf , and CDC NSW and Keolis Downer Northern Beaches bus services to the city and other suburbs. The Manly Ferry journey takes 30 minutes and allows for scenic views of Sydney Harbour, surrounding national parks and Sydney icons including the Harbour Bridge and Opera House. The ferry service once advertised Manly as "seven miles from Sydney, and a thousand miles from care". A privately owned and operated Manly Fast Ferry operates between Manly and Circular Quay , offering transport in
1947-696: A few areas of wet sclerophyll forests in the wetter, elevated areas in the north and northeast . These forests are defined by straight, tall tree canopies with a moist understory of soft-leaved shrubs, tree ferns and herbs. The predominant vegetation community in Sydney is the Cumberland Plain Woodland in Western Sydney ( Cumberland Plain ), followed by the Sydney Turpentine-Ironbark Forest in
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#17327902258142124-631: A fold-out strip of comic illustrations by Hopkins. On 11 September 1875 a cartoon sequence by Hopkins, titled 'Professor Tigwissel's Burglar Alarm', was published in The Daily Graphic , considered to be an early example of a comic strip in an American newspaper. In the lead-up to the centennial celebrations of American independence Hopkins suggested to the publisher George Carleton that a "book of facetiae bearing upon American history, composed and illustrated by my modest self and published by him, would make both our fortunes". Carleton agreed to
2301-707: A freelance illustrator in New York City. As he later explained: "My earlier works were signed with my full name: but ere long I fell into the habit of shortening my signature to proportions more in keeping with my growing modesty; and so adopted, and have retained, the name and style of 'Hop' ever since". Hopkins married Harriet Augusta Commager on 9 June 1875 in Toledo. The couple had three children – Hattie, Daniel and Marion – born in New York between 1876 and 1882. A fourth child died as an infant. In November 1872
2478-511: A fresh water supply and a safe harbour, which Philip described as "the finest Harbour in the World ... Here a Thousand Sail of the Line may ride in the most perfect Security". The settlement was planned to be a self-sufficient penal colony based on subsistence agriculture. Trade and shipbuilding were banned in order to keep the convicts isolated. However, the soil around the settlement proved poor and
2655-459: A fund was established to receive public contributions, both monetary and in kind, in support of the expedition. On 4 March 1885, the day after the troops departed from Sydney, 10-year-old Ernest Lawrence wrote to Dalley enclosing a sum of £25 from his savings (plus a contribution from his father) "with my best wishes from a little boy at Manly". The young boy's contribution received wide publicity, with his letter and Dalley's reply being published in
2832-419: A hobby. Hopkins taught etching at both his Jamieson Street studio and his home at Mosman (where his press and plates were kept). His students included accomplished artists such as Julian Ashton , Tom Roberts , B. E. Minns and Arthur Streeton . Hopkins has been described as "an imaginative illustrator who practised fine art on the side". He started an artists' camp with Julian Ashton on rented land in
3009-734: A large ocean pool and bathing pavilion, the Manly Fun Pier . In 1972 the company was sold to Brambles and in 1974 to the Government of New South Wales and it is now part of Sydney Ferries . In March 1885, as the New South Wales Contingent was about to depart for the Sudan , a letter was addressed to Premier William Bede Dalley containing a cheque for £25 for the Patriotic Fund "with my best wishes from
3186-490: A lecture titled 'The Dismal Art of Caricature' at the Richmond School of Arts. His presentation was advertised to include "numerous original colored illustrations – some of which will be executed on the premises". By the time that Norman Lindsay joined the staff of The Bulletin in 1901, 'Hop' was a veteran artist at the magazine. Lindsay thought of Hopkins as dour and inflexible whose nearest approach to humour
3363-445: A little boy at Manly". It was Australia's first overseas military adventure, and the " Little Boy from Manly " became a symbol either of patriotism or, among opponents of the adventure, of mindless chauvinism. especially due to a cartoon by Livingston Hopkins of The Bulletin . In 1896, the first film ever made in Australia was Marius Sestier 's Passengers Alighting from Ferry Brighton at Manly . The film, consisting of footage of
3540-420: A neck to knee costume, swam at midday after announcing his intention to do so in the newspaper he had established ( Manly and North Sydney News ). After being ignored by authorities and being publicly critical of them, he swam again and was escorted from the water by the police, although no charges were laid. In November 1903, Manly Council resolved to allow all-day bathing provided a neck to knee swimming costume
3717-405: A number of beaches on the harbour side of the peninsula being Collins Beach, Store Beach, Little Manly, East Manly Cove, West Manly Cove, Delwood Beach and Fairlight Beach. Norfolk Island pine trees are symbolic of Manly and are a prominent feature of both the ocean and harbour beaches. On 10 March 2012, the 4-kilometre (2.5 mi) stretch between Freshwater Beach and Shelly Beach was declared
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#17327902258143894-462: A paddle steamer to Manly and other vessels visited on an ad hoc "excursion" basis. Smith built a wharf on the harbour-side of Manly, which was completed in October 1855 and eventually acquired an interest in steamers himself. as part of developing more regular services to Manly to assist his sub-division property sales. By 1873, Smith had sold the lease to the wharf and his share of the steamers to
4071-524: A part-owner of the journal and having occasional cartoons published up until 1921. Hopkins became a major figure in Australian cartooning in the period leading up to the Federation of Australia . Known by the public as 'Hop', his satirical illustrations were a significant factor in the steadily growing popularity of The Bulletin during the 1880s and its influential position in Australian culture of
4248-446: A partner at Scribner and Co. and editor of the magazine then in the process of being established. Holland wrote enquiring about Hopkins' employment situation and offering the possibility of a job at the magazine. After an exchange of correspondence Hopkins was offered a position at the new magazine, to be called Scribner's Monthly , which he promptly accepted. When Hopkins arrived at the offices of Scribner and Co. in New York, Holland
4425-607: A pattern of resistance that was to be repeated as the colonial frontier expanded . A military garrison was established on the Hawkesbury in 1795. The death toll from 1794 to 1800 was 26 settlers and up to 200 Darug. Conflict again erupted from 1814 to 1816 with the expansion of the colony into Dharawal country in the Nepean region south-west of Sydney. Following the deaths of several settlers, Governor Macquarie dispatched three military detachments into Dharawal lands, culminating in
4602-486: A planner to design the street layout of Sydney and commissioned the construction of roads, wharves, churches, and public buildings. Parramatta Road , linking Sydney and Parramatta, was opened in 1811, and a road across the Blue Mountains was completed in 1815, opening the way for large-scale farming and grazing west of the Great Dividing Range . Following the departure of Macquarie, official policy encouraged
4779-553: A post-box and searching the inside of his hat for a stamp in order to post a letter (unaware that the missing stamp had become attached to the front of his bald head). The image began as a watercolour painting completed in about 1885, which was subsequently reproduced as a coloured supplement in The Bulletin . By July 1885 a woodcut engraving of the image, produced by F. A. Sleap, was being printed in Melbourne. In 1898, as
4956-620: A prolific output; during his thirty years with The Bulletin he produced an estimated nineteen thousand drawings. By the late 1890s, when deadlines and pressure of work occasionally intervened to prevent the production of finished drawings, Hopkins introduced the concept of 'Hop's Understudy', the purported artist responsible for his more crudely-drawn cartoons. In a biography of Hopkins published after his death, Dorothy Hopkins described her father as being moody when subjected to work pressure. Drawings by 'Hop's Understudy' were published irregularly up until 1915. In November 1899 Hopkins delivered
5133-515: A result of "many inquiries" made at the Bulletin office for a copy of 'I Thought I Had a Stamp', Hopkins produced an etching of the image. In May 1898 thirty-five signed artist's proofs were offered for sale through the pages of The Bulletin at a cost of three guineas each. The limited edition etchings, printed by Hopkins himself, sold out. Hopkins had a professional journeyman-like approach to his profession. Although he disagreed with many of
5310-423: A rich ceremonial life, part of a belief system centring on ancestral, totemic and supernatural beings. People from different clans and language groups came together to participate in initiation and other ceremonies. These occasions fostered trade, marriages and clan alliances. The earliest British settlers recorded the word ' Eora ' as an Aboriginal term meaning either 'people' or 'from this place'. The clans of
5487-506: A semaphore station used for transmitting official messages. During his military service Hopkins spent much of his time erecting pickets along the trench-lines near Petersburg and "relieving his boredom by drawing". The regiment's period of service ended in September 1864, after which Hopkins re-entered civilian life. After his Civil War service, Hopkins briefly worked as a railroad messenger. In Toledo Hopkins' drawing ability came to
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5664-673: A sequence of cartoons by Hopkins titled 'Big Scalper: A Legend of the Noble Red Man', with rhyming captions, was published in Harper's New Monthly magazine. In 1875 the Daily Graphic published a booklet titled Bessie Turner's Testimony based on the testimony of Bessie Turner in the trial for adultery of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher in the Brooklyn City Court during the first six months of 1875. The booklet featured
5841-561: A severe dust storm towards the city . The Greater Sydney Commission divides Sydney into three "cities" and five "districts" based on the 33 LGAs in the metropolitan area. The "metropolis of three cities" comprises Eastern Harbour City , Central River City and Western Parkland City . The Australian Bureau of Statistics also includes City of Central Coast (the former Gosford City and Wyong Shire) as part of Greater Sydney for population counts, adding 330,000 people. The CBD extends about 3 km (1.9 mi) south from Sydney Cove . It
6018-638: A severe illness, Hopkins undertook a world tour, travelling to Japan, the United States and Europe. He intended meeting up with his old colleague Phil May when he reached England. However, after arriving in America, while reading a San Francisco newspaper Hopkins noticed "a cable announcement of May's death". As he later recalled: "my anticipation of enjoyment to be realised during the journey had been robbed of their chief feature". In America Hopkins travelled to Bellefontaine and Toledo where he revisited
6195-521: A short novel by Thomas Moser (published by Gibbs, Shallard and Co. of Sydney). Hopkins remained at the Bond Street studio until about August 1885, after which he relocated to a room on the first floor of the Bulletin offices in Pitt Street. Hopkins became a prominent member of Sydney's Athenaeum Club, as was the Bulletin editor J. F. Archibald . The club had been formed in 1881 and was
6372-515: A spear. Captain Tench remarked that he was seemingly a stranger and little acquainted with Bennelong and Colebee. The Governor moved towards this man and the man became agitated. Governor Phillip threw down his dirk to appease the man crying out confidently. The spear was thrown and Governor Phillip was hit in the shoulder. All was in confusion, there were calls to bring the muskets, Bennelong and Colebee disappeared and Governor Phillip could not make it to
6549-560: A two-storey residence in Raglan Street, Mosman, where he lived with his family until his death in 1927. The house had been advertised for sale in March 1889, described as being constructed of painted brick "on stone foundation", with a verandah front and side, eight bedrooms, a kitchen, bathroom, pantry and a weatherboard washhouse. Hopkins was a musician "of no mean order", known as an amateur cellist, and built musical instruments as
6726-682: A year have temperatures at or above 30 °C (86 °F) in the central business district (CBD). In contrast, the metropolitan area averages between 35 and 65 days, depending on the suburb. The hottest day in the metropolitan area occurred in Penrith on 4 January 2020, where a high of 48.9 °C (120.0 °F) was recorded. The average annual temperature of the sea ranges from 18.5 °C (65.3 °F) in September to 23.7 °C (74.7 °F) in February. Sydney has an average of 7.2 hours of sunshine per day and 109.5 clear days annually. Due to
6903-529: Is Manly Selective Campus which caters for years 7 to 12 and is located in the neighbouring suburb of Curl Curl . Manly has Sydney Harbour on its western side with calm water, ferry wharf, a swimming area, the former Manly Sea Life Sanctuary aquarium, and sailing and yacht clubs. About 300 metres (1,000 ft) to the east is the Pacific Ocean and Manly Beach . There are more than 20 kilometres (12 mi) of cycle tracks that can be used to explore
7080-504: Is a historical Victorian-style shopping arcade . Opened on 1 April 1892, its shop fronts are an exact replica of the original internal shopping facades. Westfield Sydney , located beneath the Sydney Tower , is the largest shopping centre by area in Sydney. Livingston Hopkins Livingston Yourtee ('Hop') Hopkins (7 July 1846 – 21 August 1927) was a prolific cartoonist and caricaturist with successive careers in both
7257-534: Is affiliated with Macquarie University , which attracts international students from many countries. As well as being an educational hub, many spectacular weddings have been held here, including Nicole Kidman and Keith Urban . The original seminary was designed by Hennessy and Sheerin and built in 1885. It was conceived by Archbishop Vaughan and is now listed on the Register of the National Estate . On
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7434-540: Is bordered by Farm Cove within the Royal Botanic Garden to the east and Darling Harbour to the west. Suburbs surrounding the CBD include Woolloomooloo and Potts Point to the east, Surry Hills and Darlinghurst to the south, Pyrmont and Ultimo to the west, and Millers Point and The Rocks to the north. Most of these suburbs measure less than 1 km (0.4 sq mi) in area. The Sydney CBD
7611-451: Is characterised by narrow streets and thoroughfares, created in its convict beginnings. Several localities, distinct from suburbs, exist throughout Sydney's inner reaches. Central and Circular Quay are transport hubs with ferry, rail, and bus interchanges. Chinatown , Darling Harbour, and Kings Cross are important locations for culture, tourism, and recreation. The Strand Arcade , located between Pitt Street Mall and George Street ,
7788-593: The 130th Ohio Volunteer Regiment to serve in the American Civil War . The regiment was one of the volunteer units raised for 100-day service in the Union Army . The short-term lightly trained troops were placed in rear areas to protect communication and supply points in order to free regular troops for Ulysses S. Grant ’s push on the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia . Hopkins' unit
7965-734: The 2021 census , there were 16,296 residents in Manly. 55.2% of residents were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 11.7%, New Zealand 3.2%, the United States of America 2.9%, Brazil 1.9% and South Africa 1.7%. 79.6% of residents spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Spanish 2.5%, French 2.0%, Portuguese 1.9%, German 1.5% and Italian 1.0%. The most common responses for religion in Manly were No Religion 51.1%, Catholic 20.6%, Anglican 11.6% and Christian, not further defined 1.5%. Transport services to Manly include
8142-523: The Appin massacre (April 1816) in which at least 14 Aboriginal people were killed. The New South Wales Legislative Council became a semi-elected body in 1842. Sydney was declared a city the same year, and a governing council established, elected on a restrictive property franchise. The discovery of gold in New South Wales and Victoria in 1851 initially caused economic disruption as men moved to
8319-461: The Australian raven , Australian magpie , crested pigeon , noisy miner and the pied currawong . Introduced bird species ubiquitously found in Sydney are the common myna , common starling , house sparrow and the spotted dove . Reptile species are also numerous and predominantly include skinks . Sydney has a few mammal and spider species, such as the grey-headed flying fox and
8496-561: The Bulletin office and produce occasional cartoons for publication until 1921. In April 1914 Hopkins undertook a four-month tour of North America and England. In the United States he toured the battlefields of the Civil War. Hopkins returned to Sydney in August 1914 aboard the Manuka from New Zealand. He arrived "with his drawing hand in a sling" after having broken a finger on board
8673-414: The Bulletin office. Even though May later worked from a studio in his apartment, the two artists developed a close working relationship for the three years that May remained in Australia. Hopkins later recalled that "Phil May and I got on famously as comrades". May returned to England in October 1888 after his contract with The Bulletin had expired. The combined pictorial talents of Hopkins and May
8850-465: The Cooks River into Botany Bay. There is no single definition of the boundaries of Sydney. The Australian Statistical Geography Standard definition of Greater Sydney covers 12,369 km (4,776 sq mi) and includes the local government areas of Central Coast in the north, Hawkesbury in the north-west, Blue Mountains in the west, Sutherland Shire in the south, and Wollondilly in
9027-496: The Garden Island Tunnel System , the only tunnel warfare complex in Sydney, and the heritage-listed military fortification systems Bradleys Head Fortification Complex and Middle Head Fortifications , which were part of a total defence system for Sydney Harbour . A post-war immigration and baby boom saw a rapid increase in Sydney's population and the spread of low-density housing in suburbs throughout
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#17327902258149204-659: The Middle East and Africa becoming major sources. By 2021, the population of Sydney was over 5.2 million, with 40% of the population born overseas. China and India overtook England as the largest source countries for overseas-born residents. Sydney is a coastal basin with the Tasman Sea to the east, the Blue Mountains to the west, the Hawkesbury River to the north, and the Woronora Plateau to
9381-563: The PS Brighton arriving at the wharf, premiered at the Salon Lumière on Pitt St (Australia's first cinema) on 27 October 1896. No copy is known to have survived. During the 19th and early 20th centuries, Manly was one of Australia's most popular seaside holiday resorts. Manly Beach is said to be the place where the restriction on daylight sea bathing was first challenged in Australia. In October 1902 William Gocher , clad in
9558-660: The Pacific Ocean and easy accessibility by ferry . Manly was named by Captain Arthur Phillip for the Indigenous people living there, stating that "their confidence and manly behaviour made me give the name of Manly Cove to this place". These men were of the Kay-ye-my clan (of the Dharug-speaking Gayemaygal people). While scouting for fresh water in the area, Phillip encountered members of
9735-578: The Royal Academy and purchased for the Royal Collection by Queen Victoria . A Sydney art-dealer, John Sands, purchased "a replica" of The Roll Call , apparently painted by Thompson herself (by an arrangement contingent on the sale of the original). Sands exhibited the copied painting at his George Street gallery in May 1885. The art-dealer offered to sell the painting to the trustees of
9912-674: The Royal National Park and Macarthur in the south and south-west. Greater Sydney consists of 658 suburbs, spread across 33 local government areas. Residents of the city are colloquially known as "Sydneysiders". The estimated population in June 2023 was 5,450,496, which is about 66% of the state's population. The city's nicknames include the Emerald City and the Harbour City . Aboriginal Australians have inhabited
10089-455: The Spanish influenza , leaving a widow and three children. In his retirement Hopkins continued to construct and play violins and violoncellos , a practice he had engaged in since his younger days in America. Amongst his collection of musical instruments was a violoncello known as the 'Priest's Call', reputed to be of eighteenth century Italian make and an "old violin" bequeathed to him by
10266-675: The Suakin Expedition in the Sudan and the purchase by the National Art Gallery of New South Wales of a copy of The Roll Call , Elizabeth Thompson 's revered Crimean War painting. The original work was an oil-on-canvas painting by Miss Thompson, completed in 1874 and depicting a roll call of soldiers from the Grenadier Guards during the Crimean War . The celebrated painting was exhibited at
10443-627: The Sydney Morning Herald and other newspapers. A cartoon by Hop published in The Bulletin of 4 April 1885, 'Innocent Triflers; or, the Joys of His First and Her Second Childhood', features a figure labelled "The Little Boy at Manly". The boy is depicted depositing a coin into a money-box labelled "Patriotic Fund" held by "Old Granny". Behind the old woman and boy looms a spectral figure with labels including "Taxation", "War Expenses", "Pensions" and "Soldiers' Homes". Hopkins illustrated
10620-610: The Sydney funnel-web , respectively, and has a huge diversity of marine species inhabiting its harbour and beaches. Under the Köppen–Geiger classification , Sydney has a humid subtropical climate ( Cfa ) with "warm, sometimes hot" summers and "generally mild", to "cool" winters. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation , the Indian Ocean Dipole and the Southern Annular Mode play an important role in determining Sydney's weather patterns: drought and bushfire on
10797-664: The USS Tahiti during the voyage across the Pacific to New Zealand. The next time illustrations by Hop were published after his overseas trip was the Christmas edition of The Bulletin , published on 12 December 1914; titled 'The Author and The Typewriter', the artist imagined Shakespeare requiring the assistance of a typist while completing The Tragedy of Julius Caesar . In April 1919 Hopkins' eldest son Daniel died, aged 41 years, in Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital of
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#173279022581410974-430: The University of Sydney (1854–61), the Australian Museum (1858–66), the Town Hall (1868–88), and the General Post Office (1866–92). Elaborate coffee palaces and hotels were erected. Daylight bathing at Sydney's beaches was banned, but segregated bathing at designated ocean baths was popular. Drought, the winding down of public works and a financial crisis led to economic depression in Sydney throughout most of
11151-404: The state of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia . Located on Australia's east coast, the metropolis surrounds Sydney Harbour and extends about 80 km (50 mi) from the Pacific Ocean in the east to the Blue Mountains in the west, and about 80 km (50 mi) from the Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park and the Hawkesbury River in the north and north-west, to
11328-544: The "Aborigines of Australia" declared 26 January "A Day of Mourning " for "the whiteman's seizure of our country." With the outbreak of Second World War in 1939, Sydney experienced a surge in industrial development. Unemployment virtually disappeared and women moved into jobs previously typically reserved for males. Sydney was attacked by Japanese submarines in May and June 1942 with 21 killed. Households built air raid shelters and performed drills. Military establishments in response to World War II in Australia included
11505-533: The "Manly -Freshwater World Surfing Reserve ". The Reserve was dedicated in a ceremony in Manly Beach by world surfing champion Kelly Slater accompanied by the Governor of New South Wales , Marie Bashir . The commercial Manly is centred around The Corso , which runs from the harbour side at Manly wharf to the ocean side at Manly Beach. Part of The Corso is a mall which allows outdoor dining for cafes and restaurants. The commercial area extends to surrounding streets with more cafes and restaurants concentrated along
11682-441: The "new series" of the magazine to be inaugurated in the issue of the following week. The revamped magazine was to consist of 24 pages, "printed throughout from entirely new type, and embellished by the addition of numerous unique illustrations". Hopkins was described as "a gentleman who, as a genuine humourist with the pencil, is not excelled, and perhaps not equalled by any living artist". The artist's services had been secured, as
11859-414: The 'Little Boy at Manly' as a young lad in early-Victorian costume in the style of English storybook schoolboys, wearing high-waisted pantaloons, a shirt with a frilled collar and a flat peaked cap. In the following decades the ' Little Boy from Manly ' became a widely-known and routinely-used symbol of Australia's emerging nationhood in The Bulletin , featured in illustrations by Hopkins as well as other of
12036-414: The 'Social Gimlet Society', the reforming 'social purity' squad (' wowsers '). Although much of Hopkins' work was that of a satirical commentator, he had the capacity to be a serious and forthright propagandist as well. An illustration published in September 1889, '"The Secret of England's Greatness" – Fivepence per Hour!', "passionately urges the preservation of Australian working-class conditions, then
12213-411: The 1890s. Livingston Hopkins was born on 7 July 1846 in the United States of America, on a farm at Bellefontaine in Logan County, Ohio , the son of Daniel Hopkins and his wife Sarah ( née Carter). The family, with Puritan roots, had migrated from the New England region to the Ohio frontier. Livingston was the thirteenth of fourteen children. His family were Methodists , and his upbringing
12390-449: The 1890s. Meanwhile, the Sydney-based premier of New South Wales, George Reid , became a key figure in the process of federation. When the six colonies federated on 1 January 1901, Sydney became the capital of the State of New South Wales. The spread of bubonic plague in 1900 prompted the state government to modernise the wharves and demolish inner-city slums. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw more Sydney males volunteer for
12567-402: The Boatswain back to Governor Phillip at South Head. The Aboriginal men cut large chunks of whale off and put them in the boat for Governor Phillip. The military party then proceeded on their walk to Broken Bay. When Governor Phillip's party arrived to see the Aboriginal men they held friendly conversation with Bennelong and Colebee for over half an hour. Later an older Aboriginal man appeared with
12744-569: The CBD. In the warm season black nor'easters are usually the cause of heavy rain events, though other forms of low-pressure areas , including remnants of ex-cyclones , may also bring heavy deluge and afternoon thunderstorms. 'Snow' was last alleged in 1836, more than likely a fall of graupel , or soft hail; and in July 2008 the Upper North Shore saw a fall of graupel that was mistaken by many for 'snow'. In 2009, dry conditions brought
12921-481: The Cumberland Plain. Immigrants—mostly from Britain and continental Europe—and their children accounted for over three-quarters of Sydney's population growth between 1947 and 1971. The newly created Cumberland County Council oversaw low-density residential developments, the largest at Green Valley and Mount Druitt . Older residential centres such as Parramatta, Bankstown and Liverpool became suburbs of
13098-627: The Greater Sydney region for at least 30,000 years, and their engravings and cultural sites are common. The traditional custodians of the land on which modern Sydney stands are the clans of the Darug , Dharawal and Eora peoples. During his first Pacific voyage in 1770, James Cook charted the eastern coast of Australia, making landfall at Botany Bay . In 1788, the First Fleet of convicts , led by Arthur Phillip , founded Sydney as
13275-932: The Inner West and Northern Sydney , the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub in the coastline and the Blue Gum High Forest scantily present in the North Shore – all of which are critically endangered. The city also includes the Sydney Sandstone Ridgetop Woodland found in Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park on the Hornsby Plateau to the north. Sydney is home to dozens of bird species, which commonly include
13452-562: The National Art Gallery and on 13 June 1885 it was reported that the sale had gone through. The official reception for the New South Wales Contingent was held on 23 June 1885, greeted by "thousands of people" at Circular Quay including the colonial governor Lord Augustus Loftus . Hopkins' parodic illustration of the return of the contingent, depicting William Bede Dalley on horseback reviewing
13629-582: The Northern Beaches. Manly RUFC and the MWDCC play at Manly Oval , while Manly United play at Cromer Park . Numerous non-fiction books about Manly have been written. It has also featured in fiction. In 1987 the British novelist, Lesley Thomson published Seven Miles From Sydney , a thriller about a female screenwriter who is murdered while jogging on Shelly Beach. This novel was a popular seller in
13806-593: The Sydney area occupied land with traditional boundaries. There is debate, however, about which group or nation these clans belonged to, and the extent of differences in language and rites. The major groups were the coastal Eora people, the Dharug (Darug) occupying the inland area from Parramatta to the Blue Mountains, and the Dharawal people south of Botany Bay. Darginung and Gundungurra languages were spoken on
13983-442: The Sydney region are grassy woodlands (i.e. savannas ) and some pockets of dry sclerophyll forests, which consist of eucalyptus trees, casuarinas , melaleucas , corymbias and angophoras , with shrubs (typically wattles , callistemons , grevilleas and banksias ), and a semi-continuous grass in the understory . The plants in this community tend to have rough, spiky leaves due to low soil fertility . Sydney also features
14160-627: The Union Jack 165 years earlier, commencing her Australian Royal Tour . It was the first time a reigning monarch stepped onto Australian soil. Increasing high-rise development in Sydney and the expansion of suburbs beyond the "green belt" envisaged by the planners of the 1950s resulted in community protests. In the early 1970s, trade unions and resident action groups imposed green bans on development projects in historic areas such as The Rocks. Federal, State and local governments introduced heritage and environmental legislation. The Sydney Opera House
14337-414: The United Kingdom and well received in Australia. The music video for Redfoo's song Let's Get Ridiculous was filmed on The Corso. Manly is a sister city of Bath , England. Notable current and former residents from the Manly area include: 33°47′46″S 151°16′58″E / 33.7962°S 151.2827°E / -33.7962; 151.2827 Sydney Sydney is the capital city of
14514-469: The United States and Australia. Born in the American mid-west state of Ohio , Hopkins worked as a freelance cartoonist and illustrator in New York from 1870 to 1882, during a period of expansion of illustrated newspapers and magazines in America. His work was published in a wide variety of periodicals and specialty publications. Hopkins' A Comic History of United States , which he wrote and illustrated,
14691-571: The World Heritage-listed Sydney Opera House are major tourist attractions. Central Station is the hub of Sydney's suburban train, metro and light rail networks and longer-distance services. The main passenger airport serving the city is Kingsford Smith Airport , one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. In 1788, Captain Arthur Phillip , the first governor of New South Wales, named
14868-561: The area. The Manly International Jazz Festival is Australia's largest community-based jazz festival. It is held during the October long weekend public holiday, with various stages hosting continuous free public performances from midday until early evening. The BBC soap opera Out of the Blue was set in Manly. National Rugby League team the Manly Warringah Sea Eagles who play their home games at Brookvale Oval , are
15045-481: The armed forces than the Commonwealth authorities could process, and helped reduce unemployment. Those returning from the war in 1918 were promised "homes fit for heroes" in new suburbs such as Daceyville and Matraville. "Garden suburbs" and mixed industrial and residential developments also grew along the rail and tram corridors. The population reached one million in 1926, after Sydney had regained its position as
15222-513: The arrival of the British, there were 4,000 to 8,000 Aboriginal people in the greater Sydney region. The inhabitants subsisted on fishing, hunting, and gathering plants and shellfish. The diet of the coastal clans was more reliant on seafood whereas hinterland clans ate more forest animals and plants. The clans had distinctive equipment and weapons mostly made of stone, wood, plant materials, bone and shell. They also differed in their body decorations, hairstyles, songs and dances. Aboriginal clans had
15399-513: The artist in 1905 as "shy, and in shyness seems stern; but his good nature in friendly company is unalloyed". Stephens added: "He always seems to me a Puritan born out of date, who has broadened in sympathy with his modern environment, yet has never quite succeeded in throwing out of his blood the ice of repressed forefathers". Hopkins acquired shares in The Bulletin and eventually became a director . In 1901 he described himself as "part proprietor " of The Bulletin . In 1903, after suffering
15576-590: The attention of Dr. Miller, co-proprietor of the Toledo Blade newspaper. Miller's partner David Ross Locke , using the pseudonym 'Rev. Petroleum V. Nasby', had been writing a series of 'letters' that were published in the Blade and in separate volumes during and after the Civil War, satirising the slave-holding Confederate South and its Northern sympathisers. Hopkins received a job offer to provide illustrations for some of Locke's 'Nasby' publications. At about
15753-523: The book as being "devoid of respect for national sentiments". A review of the book in the Portland Daily Press found much of the text lacking in comic effect: "Occasionally a page is enlivened by a bit of humour, but for the most part the volume is as dreary and not half as instructive as a patent office report". However, the reviewer was more impressed by the illustrations, finding them "decidedly more entertaining than those which appear in
15930-415: The care of an older brother and his wife at Toledo (at the western end of Lake Erie ), where he attended a much larger school. After leaving school in about 1860 Hopkins worked in a variety of positions, during which he continued to develop his artistic skills, producing sketches and illustrations for private circulation. In May 1864 Hopkins, then aged seventeen, left a clerical position and enlisted in
16107-564: The city that was within easy walking distance of a ready market for comic goods". His studio had a sign on the door: "Livingston Hopkins, Designer on Wood". During Hopkins' first few years working as a freelance cartoonist and illustrator, payments were often scanty and erratic, but there was a steady fiscal improvement as the years progressed. During the post-Civil War years the number of illustrated periodicals expanded rapidly, partly due to technological innovations relating to typesetting, printing and image reproduction. During this period
16284-484: The clan, and after a kidnapping he was speared in the shoulder by one of the clan as a punishment ritual; the progressively-minded Phillip ordered his men not to retaliate. In Capt. Tench's words, The Aboriginal men were feasting on a whale at Manly Cove and were seen by Captain Nepean, Mr White, Nanbaree & a party of men who had travelled to Manly Cove to walk to Broken Bay. Bennelong and Colebee spoke to them and Bennelong asked for Governor Phillip. Captain Nepean sent
16461-422: The coastal region. The rising sea level between 18,000 and 6,000 years ago flooded the rias to form estuaries and deep harbours. Port Jackson, better known as Sydney Harbour, is one such ria . Sydney features two major soil types: sandy soils (which originate from the Hawkesbury sandstone) and clay (which are from shales and volcanic rocks ), though some soils may be a mixture of the two. Directly overlying
16638-444: The colonial outlook", adding: "He had an advertiser's flair for phrase and slogan, an ear for the conversation of the man in the street, and an imagination that could translate it into graphic images". Hopkins also had a keen journalistic sense, habitually keeping notebooks "on the picturesque possibilities of the day's news". An image by Hop that became widely popular was 'I Thought I Had a Stamp', depicting an old man standing beside
16815-536: The colony of New South Wales and in later years, a figurative representation of the Australian nation as a whole. In February 1885 William Bede Dalley , as acting-premier of the colony, offered to send a detachment of New South Wales troops to the Sudan to support British forces in the suppression of the Mahdist uprising . After the British acceptance of Dalley's offer, a wave of patriotic enthusiasm became evident and
16992-532: The cove where the first British settlement was established Sydney Cove after Home Secretary Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney . The cove was called Warrane by the Aboriginal inhabitants. Phillip considered naming the settlement Albion , but this name was never officially used. By 1790 Phillip and other officials were regularly calling the township Sydney. Sydney was declared a city in 1842. The Gadigal (Cadigal) clan, whose territory stretches along
17169-546: The demolition of buildings erected on Crown land, including some owned by past and serving military officers. The resulting conflict culminated in the Rum Rebellion of 1808, in which Bligh was deposed by the New South Wales Corps . Governor Lachlan Macquarie (1810–1821) played a leading role in the development of Sydney and New South Wales, establishing a bank, a currency and a hospital. He employed
17346-522: The emigration of free British settlers to New South Wales. Immigration to the colony increased from 900 free settlers in 1826–30 to 29,000 in 1836–40, many of whom settled in Sydney. By the 1840s Sydney exhibited a geographic divide between poor and working-class residents living west of the Tank Stream in areas such as The Rocks , and the more affluent residents living to its east. Free settlers, free-born residents and former convicts now represented
17523-443: The etcher Tom Gleason and a plate-maker from New York, Charles Buckland Shugg. Their arrival "put an end to all this fumbling in the dark" and heralded a new era in the reproduction of cartoons and illustrations in Australian newspapers and magazines. An early attempt by Hopkins of caricaturing a local politician was a June 1883 cartoon titled 'Wanted, a Backbone' featuring the premier of New South Wales, Alexander Stuart , lacking
17700-717: The first crops failed, leading to several years of hunger and strict rationing. The food crisis was relieved with the arrival of the Second Fleet in mid-1790 and the Third Fleet in 1791. Former convicts received small grants of land, and government and private farms spread to the more fertile lands around Parramatta , Windsor and Camden on the Cumberland Plain . By 1804, the colony was self-sufficient in food. A smallpox epidemic in April 1789 killed about half
17877-466: The fringes of the Sydney area. The first meeting between Aboriginals and British explorers occurred on 29 April 1770 when Lieutenant James Cook landed at Botany Bay (Kamay ) and encountered the Gweagal clan. Two Gweagal men opposed the landing party and one was shot and wounded. Cook and his crew stayed at Botany Bay for a week, collecting water, timber, fodder and botanical specimens and exploring
18054-700: The goldfields. Melbourne soon overtook Sydney as Australia's largest city, leading to an enduring rivalry between the two. However, increased immigration from overseas and wealth from gold exports increased demand for housing, consumer goods, services and urban amenities. The New South Wales government also stimulated growth by investing heavily in railways, trams, roads, ports, telegraph, schools and urban services. The population of Sydney and its suburbs grew from 95,600 in 1861 to 386,900 in 1891. The city developed many of its characteristic features. The growing population packed into rows of terrace houses in narrow streets. New public buildings of sandstone abounded, including at
18231-512: The government volume, and some of them are really mirth provoking". Sales of the book was so poor that Hopkins received no author's royalty from the publisher. In 1880 the book was reissued by the American Book Exchange. A year or two after it was originally published a British publisher, Cassell, Petter, Galpin and Co., through their branch office in New York, offered to republish A Comic History of United States . The book
18408-439: The highest in Australia. The adjoining suburb of Seaforth, which is now also part of Northern Beaches Council , has been ranked as the 25th richest suburb in Australia. The former Catholic seminary at St Patrick's Estate , Darley Road, now houses The International College of Management, Sydney (ICMS) a management college, specializing in business, tourism, hospitality, events, property, sports and marketing retail management. It
18585-418: The hub of the bohemian literary and artistic life of Sydney for several decades, where "politicians, journalists, actors, artists, and others of the discontented classes foregathered". Other members included the politicians Edmund Barton and Jack Want and the actor and theatre manager George Rignold . In 1885 Hopkins' creative imagination produced an enduring image that evolved to symbolise and personify
18762-644: The idea and a deal was struck, with Hopkins to receive fifteen percent of the gross sales (with the first thousand copies to be exempt from the author's royalty). Livingston Hopkins' A Comic History of United States was published by G. W. Carleton and Co. of New York in 1876, released "in good time" for the Centennial International Exhibition held in Philadelphia. Press copies of the book were sent out for review, but "there were few favourable notices". Some reviewers attacked
18939-505: The inland location, frost is recorded early in the morning in Western Sydney a few times in winter. Autumn and spring are the transitional seasons, with spring showing a larger temperature variation than autumn. Sydney experiences an urban heat island effect. This makes certain parts of the city more vulnerable to extreme heat, including coastal suburbs. In late spring and summer, temperatures over 35 °C (95 °F) are not uncommon, though hot, dry conditions are usually ended by
19116-436: The magazine's artists. One of Hopkins' most celebrated and successful illustrations for The Bulletin was 'The Roll-Call. – The Return of the N.S.W. Contingent' which was included as a supplement to the issue of 20 June 1885 and as a full-page illustration the following week. Hopkins' drawing was inspired by two contemporary events, the return of the New South Wales Contingent who had served with British forces as part of
19293-437: The mail-steamer R.M.S. Australia and arrived at Sydney on 9 February. The family found temporary accommodation near the top of William Street in Sydney and Hopkins was provided with a studio on Bond Street, near Circular Quay . On 12 February 1883 he signed a three-year contract with The Bulletin . Livingston Hopkins' appointment to The Bulletin staff was announced in the 12 May 1883 issue in conjunction with publicising
19470-571: The main body of insurgents were routed by about 100 troops and volunteers at Rouse Hill . At least 39 convicts were killed in the uprising and subsequent executions. As the colony spread to the more fertile lands around the Hawkesbury River , north-west of Sydney, conflict between the settlers and the Darug people intensified, reaching a peak from 1794 to 1810. Bands of Darug people, led by Pemulwuy and later by his son Tedbury , burned crops, killed livestock and raided settler stores in
19647-462: The metropolis. Manufacturing, protected by high tariffs, employed over a third of the workforce from 1945 to the 1960s. However, as the long post-war economic boom progressed, retail and other service industries became the main source of new jobs. An estimated one million onlookers, most of the city's population, watched Queen Elizabeth II land in 1954 at Farm Cove where Captain Phillip had raised
19824-651: The most famous sports club in the area who are well known for their Grand Final appearances, being the only club to appear in Grand Finals in each decade from the 1950s to the 2010s, and the only club to win at least one Grand Final in each decade from the 1970s to the 2010s. Their fans from the northern beaches have a reputation for being reluctant to cross the Spit Bridge. The rugby union team Manly RUFC and soccer team Manly United Football Club represent Manly. The Manly Warringah District Cricket Club represent
20001-531: The most famous. The Nepean River wraps around the western edge of the city and becomes the Hawkesbury River before reaching Broken Bay . Most of Sydney's water storages can be found on tributaries of the Nepean River. The Parramatta River is mostly industrial and drains a large area of Sydney's western suburbs into Port Jackson. The southern parts of the city are drained by the Georges River and
20178-544: The most populous city in Australia. The government created jobs with massive public projects such as the electrification of the Sydney rail network and building the Sydney Harbour Bridge. Sydney was more severely affected by the Great Depression of the 1930s than regional New South Wales or Melbourne. New building almost came to a standstill, and by 1933 the unemployment rate for male workers
20355-476: The name ' Josh Billings ') became friends and Hopkins continued to illustrate the popular annual Allminax until its final edition in 1879. The Farmer's Allminax series were compiled in Shaw's Old Probability , published in 1879. In October 1872 the first daily illustrated newspaper, The Daily Graphic , was commenced in New York City, employing a new photo-lithograhic process for its illustrations. Hopkins
20532-554: The navy. The First Fleet of 11 ships under the command of Captain Arthur Phillip arrived in Botany Bay in January 1788. It comprised more than a thousand settlers, including 736 convicts. The fleet soon moved to the more suitable Port Jackson where a settlement was established at Sydney Cove on 26 January 1788. The colony of New South Wales was formally proclaimed by Governor Phillip on 7 February 1788. Sydney Cove offered
20709-496: The ocean and harbour shores. Baz Luhrmann 's The Great Gatsby (2013) was filmed in Sydney, primarily in Manly and Balmain . St Patrick's Seminary was used as Jay Gatsby 's mansion–palm trees at the building's exterior had to be digitally removed in post-production to create a realistic depiction of the Eastern United States (specifically Long Island ), where the novel and film are set. According to
20886-641: The older Hawkesbury sandstone is the Wianamatta shale , a geological feature found in western Sydney that was deposited in connection with a large river delta during the Middle Triassic . The Wianamatta shale generally comprises fine grained sedimentary rocks such as shales, mudstones , ironstones , siltstones and laminites , with less common sandstone units. The Wianamatta Group is made up of Bringelly Shale , Minchinbury Sandstone and Ashfield Shale . The most prevalent plant communities in
21063-569: The one hand, and storms and flooding on the other, associated with the opposite phases of the oscillation in Australia . The weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, and more extreme temperatures are recorded in the inland western suburbs because Sydney CBD is more affected by the oceanic climate drivers than the western suburbs. At Sydney's primary weather station at Observatory Hill , extreme temperatures have ranged from 45.8 °C (114.4 °F) on 18 January 2013 to 2.1 °C (35.8 °F) on 22 June 1932. An average of 14.9 days
21240-508: The operators of the ferries and eventually ownership passed to the once famous Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company . It was the Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company which coined the expression about Manly being "Seven miles from Sydney and a thousand miles from care" to promote its ferry service. The Port Jackson & Manly Steamship Company played an important part in Manly's development. It built several attractions including
21417-746: The other side of Darley Road is the Archbishop's House, also known as the Cardinal's Palace. This building was also designed by Sheerin and Hennessy and built in the 1880s. It was originally conceived as part of St Patrick's Seminary and is a good example of the Victorian Gothic Revival style. It too is listed on the Register of the National Estate. Another notable landmark is the Presbyterian Church in Raglan Street. It
21594-562: The outbreak of World War I there was a groundswell of community disapproval and disquiet in Australia regarding the United States' decision to remain neutral in the conflict. In February 1915 a feature cartoon by Hopkins in The Bulletin , ' Kaiser Bill Returns the Compliment', depicting President Woodrow Wilson being confronted by the ghost of George Washington , was explicitly anti-German (and by implication critical of America's neutral stance). Hop's final cartoon for The Bulletin
21771-541: The places of his childhood. Hopkins was an enthusiastic player of bowls . He was a member of the Mosman Bowling Club, which formed in 1903, and served as the club's president in 1905–6. Hopkins participated in annual bowling contests between "representatives of Parliament and the Press", held on the parliamentary green. William Macleod , the managing director of The Bulletin , also lived in Mosman and
21948-621: The principles of perspective. After about five months working as a clerk, Hopkins despaired of the meagre pay and lesser prestige than he had enjoyed in Illinois. His examination of cartoons by other artists in the illustrated journals had convinced him that he was already capable of matching what was being commercially published. After submitting a batch of his best cartoons to various publications such as Harper's Monthly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper , nearly all were accepted at good prices. Hopkins also applied himself to mastering
22125-400: The process of engraving the wood-blocks used to print his artwork, thus being paid for both the illustration and its means of reproduction. Encouraged by his successes as a freelance artist, Hopkins resigned from the clerical position with Scribner's and discontinued his attendance at Augustus Will's drawing school. He set up his own studio at 116 Nassau Street , Manhattan , "in a part of
22302-659: The publications. Hopkins took full advantage of the expanding magazine market and established personal contacts in the New York publishing companies. His cartoons and illustrations began to be published in older established periodicals such as the Harper's stable of magazines (including Harper's Weekly and Harper's New Monthly ). His work was also published in Wild Oats , a humour magazine established in 1870, as well as specialty publications from Wild Oats such as Life of Horace Greeley . An early commission that Hopkins received
22479-506: The purpose once again of engaging a talented cartoonist for The Bulletin . He returned to Sydney with a contract for the services of the twenty-one year-old Phil May , who had been contributing illustrations to the St. Stephen’s Review magazine. May and his wife arrived in Sydney early in 1886. Soon after May's arrival, he and Hopkins decided to "engage chambers together". They found two adjoining rooms in Jamieson Street, near
22656-604: The region's Indigenous population. In November 1790 Bennelong led a group of survivors of the Sydney clans into the settlement, establishing a continuous presence of Aboriginal Australians in settled Sydney. Phillip had been given no instructions for urban development, but in July 1788 submitted a plan for the new town at Sydney Cove . It included a wide central avenue, a permanent Government House, law courts, hospital and other public buildings, but no provision for warehouses, shops, or other commercial buildings. Phillip promptly ignored his own plan, and unplanned development became
22833-403: The required standard". Hopkins was then placed in a clerical position in the business department, on a salary of twelve dollars a week, and arrangements were made for him to study under a drawing teacher for two nights a week, at his own expense. The drawing teacher was a German artist named Augustus Will, who taught illustration according to the 'Dupuis method', with its emphasis on mastering
23010-549: The same time, however, the aspiring cartoonist was offered a position with the Champaign Union newspaper in Champaign, Illinois . He accepted the position and moved to Champaign where he was employed as the "'local' editor and general utility man". In addition to his job at the Champaign Union , Hopkins also managed, while working after hours, to produce illustrations for the 'Nasby' books. His first drawing in print
23187-505: The satirical Puck magazine, established in 1876, and its competitor, Judge that began in 1881. The work of a freelance cartoonist and illustrator appealed to Hopkins: "You became your own master, and, keeping no 'time-book', you may choose your own hours for working; and once you have struck your gait, you may confine your efforts to the class of subjects most in harmony with your own tastes and limitations". Hopkins began to use his characteristic signature, 'Hop', during his period as
23364-464: The ship because of the length of spear sticking from his shoulder and dragging on the ground. The muskets were brought to shore but only one would fire. The spear was finally broken and all hastened to Port Jackson. Manly had been envisaged as a seaside resort by Henry Gilbert Smith in the 1850s. In 1853, Smith acquired two large parcels of land (which had been granted to John Thompson in 1842 and John Crane Parker in 1837). Initially John had chartered
23541-400: The social and political viewpoints espoused in The Bulletin , "his cartoons were as incisive as though he personally endorsed its sentiments". His representations of politicians and the utilisation of potent symbolism complemented the Bulletin' s editorial advocacy of economic and racial isolationism, republican nationalism and cultural chauvinism in the years before Federation. Hopkins had
23718-519: The south-west. The local government area of the City of Sydney covers about 26 square kilometres from Garden island in the east to Bicentennial Park in the west, and south to the suburbs of Alexandria and Rosebery . Sydney is made up of mostly Triassic rock with some recent igneous dykes and volcanic necks (typically found in the Prospect dolerite intrusion , west of Sydney). The Sydney Basin
23895-534: The south. Sydney spans two geographic regions. The Cumberland Plain lies to the south and west of the Harbour and is relatively flat. The Hornsby Plateau is located to the north and is dissected by steep valleys. The flat areas of the south were the first to be developed; it was not until the construction of the Sydney Harbour Bridge that the northern reaches became more heavily populated. Seventy surf beaches can be found along its coastline, with Bondi Beach being
24072-442: The southern shore of Port Jackson from South Head to Darling Harbour , are the traditional owners of the land on which the British settlement was initially established, and call their territory Gadi ( Cadi ). Aboriginal clan names within the Sydney region were often formed by adding the suffix "-gal" to a word denoting the name for their territory, a specific place in their territory, a food source, or totem. Greater Sydney covers
24249-427: The suburb of Balmoral at Edwards Beach (north of Balmoral Beach). Artists who painted at the camp included Arthur Streeton, Tom Roberts, Percy Spence , Albert Fullwood and Alfred Daplyn . In 1893 the camp was visited by Robert Louis Stevenson . Hopkins had a fertile graphic imagination and a talent for creating durable symbols. His innovations included George Reid 's 'dry dog' (representing free trade) and
24426-533: The surrounding area. Cook sought to establish relations with the Aboriginal population without success. Britain had been sending convicts to its American colonies for most of the eighteenth century, and the loss of these colonies in 1783 was the impetus to establish a penal colony at Botany Bay. Proponents of colonisation also pointed to the strategic importance of a new base in the Asia-Pacific region and its potential to provide much-needed timber and flax for
24603-543: The telegram from his wife, it read: "Accept Australia". The artist then signed the agreement and began preparations for travel to Australia. Hopkins' final commission before leaving the United States was the illustrations for The Model Primer , a compilation of prose for children by Eugene Field and published by Frederick Tredwell of Brooklyn. In late December 1882 Hopkins travelled with his family by train from New York to San Francisco. Hopkins and his wife and daughters departed from San Francisco on 16 January 1883 aboard
24780-439: The temperature seem colder than it actually is . Rainfall has a moderate to low variability and has historically been fairly uniform throughout the year, although in recent years it has been more summer-dominant and erratic. Precipitation is usually higher in summer through to autumn, and lower in late winter to early spring. In late autumn and winter, east coast lows may bring large amounts of rainfall, especially in
24957-445: The theatre manager George Rignold (who died in 1912). Hopkins retained his American citizenship all his life, though his daughter Dorothy recorded that her father learned to love Australia and never regretted leaving his native land. The artist delighted in using American allusions. His study at 'Fernham' was called 'the wigwam ' and his close friend and fellow artist, Albert Fullwood, was known familiarly as ' Uncle Remus '. After
25134-422: The three flights of stairs Traill entered the studio and, "without further preliminaries", said to the artist: "Well, Mr. Hopkins, I've come to take you to Australia!". After formally introducing himself, Traill described life in Australia, gave an account of the brief history of The Bulletin and explained that part of his plans for improving the magazine "was the engagement of a cartoonist". His offer to Hopkins
25311-578: The top ten most liveable cities . It is classified as an Alpha+ city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network , indicating its influence in the region and throughout the world. Ranked eleventh in the world for economic opportunity, Sydney has an advanced market economy with strengths in education, finance, manufacturing and tourism . The University of Sydney and the University of New South Wales are ranked 18th and 19th in
25488-509: The traditional lands of 28 known Aboriginal clans. The first people to inhabit the area now known as Sydney were Aboriginal Australians who had migrated from southeast Asia via northern Australia. Flaked pebbles found in Western Sydney's gravel sediments might indicate human occupation from 45,000 to 50,000 years ago, while radiocarbon dating has shown evidence of human activity in the region from around 30,000 years ago. Prior to
25665-591: The troops include a bandaged toe and finger, while the Herald correspondent points to a bullet hole in his leg. In the background the transport vessel is laden with public contributions, including a grand piano and a cello, a barrel of rum and crates of whiskey, jam, lollies and scent. In the foreground a large K.C.M.G. medal hangs from the neck of the Little Boy at Manly (personifying the colony of New South Wales). In October 1885 Traill travelled to England, with
25842-409: The troops on the dock, was based on the composition of Thompson's painting. Hopkins' drawing satirises the "futility of the expedition", incorporating numerous details intended to "deflate the heroism of the cause". A drunken soldier falls from the line as Governor Loftus, as Dalley's adjutant (and a known poultry fancier), calls the roll with eggs in his pocket and a hen between his feet. Injuries to
26019-480: The vast majority of the population of Sydney, leading to increasing public agitation for responsible government and an end to transportation. Transportation to New South Wales ceased in 1840. In 1804, Irish convicts led around 300 rebels in the Castle Hill Rebellion , an attempt to march on Sydney, commandeer a ship, and sail to freedom. Poorly armed, and with their leader Philip Cunningham captured,
26196-435: The woodblock process of image reproduction was replaced by the introduction and development of commercial photo-engraving techniques, resulting in a more faithful representation of the original artwork. Many of the new periodicals addressed particular market niches, attracting advertising that kept the magazine's price low. The growth of railroads, public libraries and the postal service led to increased nation-wide access to
26373-523: The world respectively. Sydney has hosted major international sporting events such as the 2000 Summer Olympics , the 2003 Rugby World Cup Final , and the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup Final . The city is among the top fifteen most-visited, with millions of tourists coming each year to see the city's landmarks. The city has over 1,000,000 ha (2,500,000 acres) of nature reserves and parks , and its notable natural features include Sydney Harbour and Royal National Park . The Sydney Harbour Bridge and
26550-418: The world's best". The drawing, on lined scraper-board, shows a haggard working man arriving home to find the body of his starved wife on the floor, surrounded by her distraught children, as the eldest girl runs to her father. Hopkins' drawings most often satirised politicians, but he was equally capable of eliciting sympathy when the need arose. A cover cartoon for the Bulletin' s issue of 29 July 1899 shows
26727-512: Was "a kind of whimsical sadism". Hopkins had a strong sense of propriety, which some ascribed to his puritan roots (Lindsay described him as "a witch-hunting puritan"). On the other hand, Hopkins considered certain passages published in the Bulletin's 'red page' as "unfit for any young woman to read" and considered some of Norman Lindsay's illustrations to be salacious. The writer A. G. Stephens , who worked with Hop at The Bulletin , described
26904-401: Was 28 per cent, but over 40 per cent in working class areas such as Alexandria and Redfern. Many families were evicted from their homes and shanty towns grew along coastal Sydney and Botany Bay, the largest being "Happy Valley" at La Perouse . The Depression also exacerbated political divisions. In March 1932, when populist Labor premier Jack Lang attempted to open the Sydney Harbour Bridge he
27081-509: Was a fellow bowls player. In December 1904 the Bulletin published a volume of selected drawings by Hopkins titled On the Hop . The collection, preceded by "a humorous autobiography", featured a wide selection of cartoons and caricatures from Hop's regular contributions to The Bulletin over the previous twenty-one years. Hopkins output steadily declined in the years after Federation . By 1913 he had virtually retired, but continued to attend
27258-531: Was absent and the young cartoonist was received by the business partner, Roswell Smith, "with somewhat pompous and... rather puzzled cordiality". Hopkins was then given over to Alexander Drake, in charge of the Art department. After examining Hopkins' portfolio of drawings, Drake told him "your drawings show much natural talent and considerable humour", adding "I have no doubt that with two or three years study under good instruction you will produce work that will be up to
27435-436: Was all expenses travel from New York to Sydney via San Francisco and a contractual engagement for two years at £400 per annum. Hopkins promised to consider the matter and give his decision within a few days. At their next meeting Hopkins explained that he would need to consult his wife, who was visiting relatives in Toledo. He wrote to Harriet explaining the situation and requested that she reply by wire. However, Traill
27612-411: Was also controversial for its cost and disputes between architect Jørn Utzon and government officials. However, soon after it opened in 1973 it became a major tourist attraction and symbol of the city. The progressive reduction in tariff protection from 1974 began the transformation of Sydney from a manufacturing centre to a "world city". From the 1980s, overseas immigration grew rapidly, with Asia ,
27789-478: Was an important factor in the growing popularity, influence and prosperity of The Bulletin during the late 1880s. Their popular and skilfully drawn cartoons and caricatures, enhanced by steadily improved methods of reproduction, attracted other artists to the magazine. Livingston and Harriet Hopkins had three more children – two daughters, Amy and Dorothy, and a son named Almon – born in Sydney between 1887 and 1890. In about mid-1889 Hopkins purchased 'Fernham',
27966-446: Was described, "at an expense unprecedented by the oldest and most wealthy newspaper proprietories on this side of the equator". Illustrations by Hopkins featured prominently in the first issue of the "New Series" Bulletin on 19 May 1883, including two full-page cartoons. In addition to engaging a cartoonist during his trip to America, Traill had also sought to introduce modern methods of image reproduction at The Bulletin . While he
28143-497: Was designed by John Sulman in the Romanesque style and built in 1892. It is listed on the Register of the National Estate. The local public school is "Manly Village Public School", which is a co-educational school for years K to 6 and is located a street a way from Manly Beach The closest secondary school for Manly is St Pauls College , which is a local boys high school for years 7 to 12. The closest selective secondary school
28320-406: Was educated at schools at Bellafontaine, Kalida and Toledo until the age of fourteen. Hopkins fondly remembered an early schoolmaster named Mr. Gudgeon. When Livingston began to draw caricatures of the teacher, Gudgeon received the drawings with tolerant amusement and encouraged his pupil to preserve his artwork in a scrapbook. In about 1853, when he was aged seven years, Livingston was placed into
28497-514: Was formed in the early Triassic period. The sand that was to become the sandstone of today was laid down between 360 and 200 million years ago. The sandstone has shale lenses and fossil riverbeds. The Sydney Basin bioregion includes coastal features of cliffs, beaches, and estuaries. Deep river valleys known as rias were carved during the Triassic period in the Hawkesbury sandstone of
28674-466: Was in New York , he visited the offices of Scribner and Co. who were planning a new monthly illustrated magazine in competition with Harper's Monthly . Miller recommended Hopkins "as one who would suit them exactly to keep up a department of humorous sketches of one or two pages per month", in addition to other work as required. In early October 1870 Hopkins received a letter from Josiah G. Holland ,
28851-572: Was in San Francisco he had engaged "a competent young man to do the mechanical work of reproducing drawings by means of zincography". In New York Traill had acquired some rudimentary knowledge of the intricate process of producing a photo-engraved plate and had obtained manuals on the art. However, after many attempts at The Bulletin to master the process, with unsatisfactory results, Hopkins suggested to Traill that expert photo-engraving technicians be sought. Two men were engaged from America,
29028-575: Was initially stationed at Washington, D.C. The artist later recalled an occasion when President Lincoln and his officers rode through the lines of the regimental encampment. After the Union attack on Richmond had been resisted by the Confederate forces and opposing trench-lines were established in the vicinity of Richmond and Petersburg , the Ohio volunteers were sent behind the frontline to protect
29205-502: Was invited to join the staff of the new journal, but declined the offer as, in his own words, he was "becoming more and more confirmed in the happy-go-lucky habits of a free lance". He eventually entered into an agreement with the newspaper management to contribute to The Daily Graphic "on a space-rate basis". His illustrations and cartoons were also published in St. Nicholas (Scribner's magazine for children), established in 1873, as well as
29382-549: Was later renamed the " Australian Air League " at Manly. There has been a continuously running squadron in Manly since. In 1937 Manly Town Hall was opened. In 1973, residents in the Eastern Hill section of Manly requested that the NSW Builders Labourers Federation place a green ban on the construction of two large tower blocks by LJ Hooker . The BLF agreed to do so and asked them to draw up
29559-585: Was published in 1876. By the early 1880s he had established a reputation as a talented cartoonist and illustrator. In September 1882 Hopkins was visited in New York by William Traill , part-owner of The Bulletin , a recently established illustrated journal based in Sydney , Australia . Traill offered Hopkins a position as a cartoonist for The Bulletin , on contract for two years, which he accepted and in February 1883 relocated to Sydney with his family. Hopkins remained in Australia and worked full-time for The Bulletin for over thirty years, eventually becoming
29736-1032: Was published in book form in 1878 as The Story of a Cat by Houghton, Osgood & Co. Hopkins also contributed illustrations published in books for children such as The Children's Funny Book (1879) and Child Lore (1882), both published by D. Lothrop & Co. Hopkins' artwork appeared in Hawk-eyes , "a volume of collected humorous stories and essays" by Robert Burdette , published in 1879 by George Carleton. He also illustrated Three Wise Old Couples , written by Elizabeth T. Corbett and published by Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. in 1881. Hopkins also received commissions to provide illustrations for editions of classic literature. In addition to his work for Don Quixote in 1870, he also illustrated editions of Gulliver's Travels , Baron Munchausen , and Washington Irving 's Knickerbocker's History of New York . In September 1882 William Traill travelled by steamer from Sydney , Australia , to San Francisco . Traill
29913-475: Was published in the Champaign Union , with Hopkins also producing the woodcut block used to reproduce the illustration. The artist later wrote of his Champaign beginnings: "So long as I am able to remember anything, I shall never forget the happy days spent in the genial atmosphere of that little newspaper office, nor the valuable experience I gained there". In 1870, when Dr. Miller (of the Toledo Blade )
30090-406: Was published on 7 July 1921, on the occasion of the artist's 75th birthday. It featured an image of Hopkins shaking hands with himself (captioned: "his understudy is seen wishing him 'Many happy returns'"), with the central image surrounded by selected cartoons from his long career with the journal. Livingston 'Hop' Hopkins died on 21 August 1927 at Mosman , Sydney, aged 81. His funeral was held
30267-411: Was released at a reduced price and "had a steady sale", such that Hopkins was occasionally sent a royalty check "for several years" after coming to Australia. Hopkins had been a regular contributor to the St. Nicholas children's magazine since its inception in 1873. A serial from St. Nicholas , 'The Countess and the Cat’ by Thomas Bailey Aldrich , which Hopkins illustrated with silhouette drawings,
30444-424: Was somewhat hard and puritanical. His father died in 1849 when Livingston was aged three years, leaving his mother a widow with nine surviving children. In 1850 the family was living at Lake Township in Logan County. In July 1854 the widowed Sarah Hopkins married Silas McClish at Shelby in Ohio. In 1860 the family was living at Kalida in Putnam County. Young Livingston had an early interest in drawing and
30621-406: Was the managing-director and principal shareholder of the Sydney-based illustrated journal, The Bulletin . He arrived in America on a mission to secure the services for the magazine of "a humorous artist of the first rank". Traill and his partner, J. F. Archibald , were admirers of the cartoons and illustrations featured in American illustrated journals. In Traill's words: "I determined to make
30798-409: Was to provide sixteen chapter illustrations for Cervantes' The Adventures of the Ingenious Gentleman Don Quixote de la Mancha (translated by Peter Motteux), published in 1870 by Hurst and Co. of New York. Hopkins was commissioned through the publisher George Carleton to illustrate Josh Billings' Farmer's Allminax , first published in 1870. The artist and the humourist Henry Shaw (who wrote under
30975-408: Was unable to wait for an answer as it had become necessary for him to travel to San Francisco to catch the steamer for Australia. Before departing he left a preliminary agreement to be signed and travel expenses for Hopkins and his family with a business acquaintance in New York. Traill returned to Australia aboard the R.M.S. Zealandia , arriving at Sydney on 15 December 1882. When Hopkins received
31152-490: Was upstaged by Francis de Groot of the far-right New Guard , who slashed the ribbon with a sabre. In January 1938, Sydney celebrated the Empire Games and the sesquicentenary of European settlement in Australia. One journalist wrote, "Golden beaches. Sun tanned men and maidens...Red-roofed villas terraced above the blue waters of the harbour...Even Melbourne seems like some grey and stately city of Northern Europe compared with Sydney's sub-tropical splendours." A congress of
31329-408: Was worn. During the first official bathing season in 1903, 17 people drowned on Manly Beach. A year later a surf club was formed on the beach to safeguard the public. While there is debate about which club is the oldest, Manly Life Saving Club is one of the world's first surf life saving clubs. In 1934, George Robey, a resident and original Anzac founded the Air Mindedness Development League which
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