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65-576: Manpo ( Korean pronunciation: [man.pʰo] ) is a city of northwestern Chagang Province, North Korea . As of 2008, it had an estimated population of 116,760. It looks across the border to the city of Ji'an , Jilin province, China. Manp'o was incorporated as a city in October 1967. Earlier, in October 1949, it had been combined into a single county consisting Manpo-myon, Kosan-myon, Oegwi-myon, Iso-myon and Sijung-myon, which were split from Kanggye-gun . Manpo had first been mentioned in 1424, in

130-547: A military nuclear weapons program and, as of 2024, is estimated to have an arsenal of approximately 50 nuclear weapons and sufficient production of fissile material for six to seven nuclear weapons per year. North Korea has also stockpiled a significant quantity of chemical and biological weapons . In 2003, North Korea withdrew from the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT). Since 2006,

195-625: A second nuclear test , resulting in an explosion estimated to be between 2 and 7 kilotons. The 2009 test, like the 2006 test, is believed to have occurred at Mantapsan , Kilju County , in the north-eastern part of North Korea. This was found by an earthquake occurring at the test site. In February 2012, North Korea announced that it would suspend uranium enrichment at the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center and not conduct any further tests of nuclear weapons while productive negotiations involving

260-568: A third underground nuclear test . North Korea has officially reported it as a successful nuclear test with a lighter warhead that delivers more force than before, but has not revealed the exact yield. Multiple South Korean sources estimate the yield at 6–9 kilotons, while the German Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimates the yield at 40 kilotons. However, the German estimate has since been revised to

325-667: A clandestine nuclear weapons development program since the early 1980s, when it constructed a plutonium -producing Magnox nuclear reactor at Yongbyon . Various diplomatic means have been used by the international community to attempt to limit North Korea's nuclear program to peaceful power generation and to encourage North Korea to participate in international treaties. In May 1992, the International Atomic Energy Agency 's (IAEA) first inspection in North Korea uncovered discrepancies suggesting that

390-469: A device of considerably more power than conventional atomic bombs used in previous tests. The remark was met with skepticism from the White House and from South Korean officials. On January 7, after reports of a magnitude 5.1 earthquake originating in northeast North Korea at 10:00:01 UTC+08:30 , the country's regime released statements that it had successfully tested a hydrogen bomb. Whether this

455-745: A distinct continental climate under the influence of the Asian continent. It has very cold and long winters, and brief springs and falls. The climate is characterized by great differences in daily and yearly temperature. In summer, downpours of rain and hail are frequent. Thus thunder and lightning occur frequently. The province has great mineral wealth, and is North Korea's main source of lead , zinc , gold , copper , molybdenum , tungsten , antimony , graphite , apatite , alunite , limestone , calcium carbonate , anthracite and iron ores. There are also crystals and valuable gems there. The province abounds in underground, forest and water resources. Before

520-558: A duty of the local authorities. Log-dam, water-course, raft and sluice were among the efficient methods practised in their construction. Small hydraulic turbines, with a capacity of 2 kW to 70 kW, were developed by local technicians to dramatically increase the generating capacity. Chagang is divided into 3 cities ( si ) and 15 counties ( gun ). 40°58′14″N 126°35′33″E  /  40.9706°N 126.5925°E  / 40.9706; 126.5925 North Korea and weapons of mass destruction North Korea has

585-521: A few years after the September 9 nuclear test. On February 18, 2017, China announced that it was suspending all imports of coal from North Korea as part of its effort to enact United Nations Security Council sanctions aimed at stopping the country's nuclear weapons and ballistic-missile program. On March 6, 2017, North Korea launched four ballistic missiles from the Tongchang-ri region towards

650-593: A huge machine tool factory , silk mill and a hard glassware factory . In Huichon there is the main North Korean University of Telecommunications . Chagang was one of the less developed and isolated provinces in North Korea after liberation in 1945. The terrain made farming difficult and only slash-and-burn farmers tilled mountain plots to eke out a living. Nowadays, farming activities are mainly linked with livestock activities. One example

715-640: A lofted trajectory it claims lasted 39 minutes for 930 km (578 mi), landing in the waters of the Japanese exclusive economic zone. US Pacific Command said the missile was aloft for 37 minutes, meaning that in a standard trajectory it could have reached all of Alaska, a distance of 6,690 km (4,160 mi). By targeting the deep waters in the Sea of Japan, North Korea was ensuring that American or Japanese divers would encounter difficulties when attempting to recover Hwasong-14's engine. Equally, North Korea

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780-522: A means for preemptive strike", but if there is an "attempt to have recourse to military force against us" North Korea may use their "most powerful offensive strength in advance to punish them". This was not a full no first use policy. This policy changed in 2022 with a law approved by the Supreme People's Assembly , which states that in the case of an attack against the top leadership or the nuclear command and control system, nuclear attacks against

845-573: A month after the alleged hydrogen bomb test, North Korea claimed to have put a satellite into orbit around the Earth. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzō Abe had warned the North to not launch the rocket, and if it did and the rocket violated Japanese territory, it would be shot down. Nevertheless, North Korea launched the rocket anyway, leading the United States, Japan, and South Korea to criticize

910-763: A site near the port of Sinpo , on the country's east coast. The missile exploded seconds after launch. Later that month, after a visit to Washington by the top Chinese leader, the US State Department announced that North Korea was likely to face economic sanctions from China if it conducted any further tests. On April 28, 2017, North Korea launched an unidentified ballistic missile over Pukchang airfield , in North Korean territory. It blew up shortly after take-off at an altitude of approximately 70 km (44 mi). On July 4, 2017, North Korea launched Hwasong-14 from Banghyon airfield, near Kusong, in

975-520: A variety of sanctions; on March 2, 2016, the UN Security Council voted to impose additional sanctions against North Korea . In 2017, North Korea test-launched two ICBMs, the second of which had sufficient range to reach the continental United States. In September 2017 , the country announced a further "perfect" hydrogen bomb test. Until 2022, North Korea's stated policy position was that nuclear weapons "will never be abused or used as

1040-749: A yield equivalent of 14 kt when they published their estimations in January 2016. On January 6, 2016, in Korea, the United States Geological Survey detected a magnitude 5.1 seismic disturbance, reported to be a fourth underground nuclear test . North Korea claimed that this test involved a hydrogen bomb . This claim has not been verified. A "hydrogen bomb" could refer to several stages of fusion development, ranging from boosted fission devices to true thermonuclear weapons. Within hours, many nations and organizations had condemned

1105-587: Is Hungju Farm. The Chagang Province for a while was the only province in North Korea that tourists could not go to. The main reason believed to be why they were not allowed to was due to the province being home to weapons and nuclear weapon factories and sites. Prior to April 2019, the only part that was accessible for tourist in the Chagang Province was the Huichon Hotel. However, in April 2019,

1170-420: Is around 5 km. This North Korea location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Chagang Chagang Province is located in the northwestern part of Korea . It is a mountainous province; with the mountainous area amounting to 98 per cent of its total area. The mean height above sea level is 750 meters and the slope of most regions is 15 to 40 degrees. The province has

1235-545: Is considered the highest among all five tests thus far, surpassing its previous record in 2013. The South Korean government said that the yield was about 10 kt despite other sources suggesting a 20 to 30 kt yield. The same German source which has made estimation of all North Korea's previous nuclear tests suggested an estimation of a 25 kiloton yield. Other nations and the United Nations have responded to North Korea's ongoing missile and nuclear development with

1300-455: Is likely advanced enough that it would likely survive reentry under normal minimum energy trajectory. On September 3, 2017, North Korea claimed to have successfully tested a thermonuclear bomb, also known as a hydrogen bomb. Corresponding seismic activity similar to an earthquake of magnitude 6.3 was reported by the USGS , making the blast around 10 times more powerful than previous detonations by

1365-487: Is possible that the silver sphere is a simple atomic bomb. But it is not a hydrogen bomb." Furthermore, he said "a hydrogen bomb would not only be in two parts but also be a different shape". Nations across the world, as well as NATO and the UN, spoke out against the tests as destabilizing, as a danger to international security and as a breach of UN Security Council resolutions. China, one of North Korea's allies, also denounced

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1430-543: Is the capital city of Chagang Province. One of the main economic timber processing factories of the province, and the country, is located in Kanggye. Huichon is the most developed city in the province, though. Its development dates back to the Korean War , when it became one of the cities of industrial relocation, as it was isolated and far from the main battlefields. Nowadays, Huichon has several industries, such as

1495-825: The Defense Intelligence Agency , in a confidential assessment, stated that North Korea has sufficiently miniaturized a nuclear warhead to fit inside one of its long-range missiles. On August 12 The Diplomat reported that the Central Intelligence Agency , in a confidential assessment from early August, has concluded that the reentry vehicle in the July 28 test of Hwasong-14 did not survive atmospheric reentry due to apogee of 3,700 kilometers which caused structural stresses in excess of what an ICBM would have had in minimum energy trajectory. The CIA also concluded that North Korean reentry vehicle

1560-465: The Korean War , Chagang province was an isolated land with only two primitive mines, one timber mill and a distillery. Nowadays, it has power, machine, chemical, light, mining and timber industries. Its total industrial output is 1000 times as much as just before the war. The majority of North Korea's underground military industrial facilities are located in Chagang Province, including portions of their weapons of mass destruction program. Kanggye

1625-597: The Soviet Union for help in developing nuclear weapons, but was refused. The Soviet Union agreed to help North Korea develop a peaceful nuclear energy program, including the training of nuclear scientists. Later, China, after its nuclear tests, similarly rejected North Korean requests for help with developing nuclear weapons. Soviet engineers took part in the construction of the Yongbyon Nuclear Scientific Research Center and began construction of an IRT-2000 research reactor in 1963, which became operational in 1965 and

1690-689: The Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty . During the Joseon Dynasty, fortresses and camps were built in this area, for which the city is now named after. Along the shores of the Yalu River , which various tributaries flow into, and the Kŏnp'o River are the small Kosan Plain and the Kŏnha Plain. The majority of Manpo is located at a lower height than the rest of Jagang Province , though

1755-566: The six-party talks disarmament process, Pyongyang agreed to shut down its main nuclear reactor. On October 8, 2008, IAEA inspectors were forbidden by the North Korean government to conduct further inspections of the site. On April 25, 2009, the North Korean government announced the country's nuclear facilities had been reactivated, and that spent fuel reprocessing for arms-grade plutonium had been restored. On May 25, 2009, North Korea conducted its second underground nuclear test . The U.S. Geological Survey calculated its origin in proximity of

1820-474: The Agreed Framework as a motivating force. North Korea later "clarified" that it did not possess weapons yet, but that it had "a right" to possess them, despite the Agreed Framework. In late 2002 and early 2003, North Korea began to take steps to eject International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors while re-routing spent fuel rods to be used for plutonium reprocessing for weapons purposes. As late as

1885-482: The BBC that "Kim Jong-un is either lying, saying they did a hydrogen test when they didn't, they just used a little bit more efficient fission weapon – or the hydrogen part of the test really didn't work very well or the fission part didn't work very well." On March 9, 2016, North Korea released a video of Kim Jong Un visiting a missile factory. The international community was skeptical, IHS Jane's Karl Dewey said that "It

1950-717: The July average temperature, 23.6 °C (74.5 °F). The yearly average rainfall is 947.8 millimetres (37.31 in), generous due to the mountainous terrain. Manp'o is divided into 11 tong and 15 ri : Lumber processing and transportation are well developed. Man'po is connected to other cities in North Korea by road, and by the Unha , Manpo and Pukbunaeryuk lines of the Korean State Railway . A new trolleybus line opened with its first phase in December 2019 from Kunmak-dong to Pyolo-dong. The total length

2015-608: The Sea of Japan. The launch was condemned by the United Nations as well as South Korea. The move prompted US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson to embark on a diplomatic mission ten days later to Japan, South Korea and China, in an effort to address the heightened international tension in the region. On April 13, 2017, White House representative Nick Rivero was quoted saying the United States was "very close" to engaging in some sort of retaliation towards North Korea. President Trump commented on North Korea by saying they will fight

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2080-404: The United States begun in 2003. According to the agreement, a list of its nuclear programs would be submitted and the nuclear facility would be disabled in exchange for fuel aid and normalization talks with the United States and Japan. This was delayed from April due to a dispute with the United States over Banco Delta Asia , but on July 14, International Atomic Energy Agency inspectors confirmed

2145-450: The United States continue. This agreement included a moratorium on long-range missile tests. Additionally, North Korea agreed to allow IAEA inspectors to monitor operations at Yongbyon. The United States reaffirmed that it had no hostile intent toward the DPRK and was prepared to improve bilateral relationships, and agreed to ship humanitarian food aid to North Korea. The United States called

2210-501: The United States into talks. In August 2019, Japan has upgraded its estimate of North Korea's nuclear weapons capability in an upcoming annual Defence White Paper, saying it seems Pyongyang has achieved the miniaturization of warheads. The defence report will maintain Japan's contention that North Korea's nuclear and ballistic missile programs pose a "serious and imminent threat" to its security after recent meetings between Donald Trump and

2275-469: The country had detonated a miniaturized nuclear device with "greater explosive force" in an underground test. According to the Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources , the estimated yield was 7.7–7.8 kilotons. Other researchers estimate the yield to have been 12.2 ± 3.8 kilotons. In December 2015, Kim Jong Un suggested that the country had the capacity to launch a hydrogen bomb ,

2340-615: The country had reprocessed more plutonium than declared. IAEA requested access to additional information and access to two nuclear waste sites at Yongbyon. North Korea rejected the IAEA request and announced on March 12, 1993, an intention to withdraw from the NPT. In 1994, North Korea pledged, under the Agreed Framework with the United States, to freeze its plutonium programs and dismantle all its nuclear weapons programs in return for

2405-431: The country has conducted six nuclear tests at increasing levels of expertise, prompting the imposition of sanctions . North Korea showed an interest in developing nuclear weapons since the 1950s. The nuclear program can be traced back to about 1962, when North Korea committed itself to what it called "all-fortressization", which was the beginning of the hyper-militarized North Korea of today. In 1963, North Korea asked

2470-472: The country would also potentially test a sixth nuclear device, but failed to do so. The parade did publicly display, for the first time, two new intercontinental ballistic missile-sized canisters as well as submarine-launched ballistic missiles and a land-based version of the same. On April 16, 2017, hours after the military parade in Pyongyang, North Korea attempted to launch a ballistic missile from

2535-463: The country. Later the bomb yield was estimated to be 250 kilotons, based on further study of the seismic data. The test was reported to be "a perfect success" by North Korean authorities. Jane's Information Group estimates the explosive payload of the North Korean thermonuclear/hydrogen Teller-Ulam type bomb to weigh between 255 and 360 kilograms (562 and 794 lb). On November 20, 2017, U.S. President Donald Trump announced that North Korea

2600-497: The end of 2002, the Agreed Framework was officially abandoned. In 2003, North Korea again announced its withdrawal from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. In 2005, it admitted to having nuclear weapons but vowed to close the nuclear program. On October 9, 2006, North Korea announced it had successfully conducted its first nuclear test . An underground nuclear explosion was detected, its yield

2665-535: The end of 2003, North Korea claimed that it would freeze its nuclear program in exchange for additional American concessions, but a final agreement was not reached. North Korea withdrew from the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2003. On October 9, 2006, North Korea demonstrated its nuclear capabilities with its first underground nuclear test , detonating a plutonium-based device with an estimated yield of 0.2–1 kilotons . The test

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2730-435: The enemy would be launched automatically. Additionally, the new law indicates that if Kim Jong Un was killed, the authorization of nuclear strikes would pass to a senior official. The Korean Central News Agency claims that the "U.S. has long posed nuclear threats to the DPRK" and "the U.S. was seized by a foolish ambition to bring down the DPRK", so it "needed a countermeasure". North Korea has been suspected of maintaining

2795-424: The global security firm Ploughshares Fund . The German source which estimates for all the North Korea's past nuclear test has instead made an initial estimation of 14 kt, which is about the same (revised) yield as its previous nuclear test in 2013. However, the yield estimation for January 2016 nuclear test was revised to 10 kt in the subsequent nuclear test from North Korea. On February 7, 2016, roughly

2860-492: The launch. Despite North Korean claims that the rocket was for peaceful, scientific purposes, it has been heavily criticized as an attempt to perform an ICBM test under the guise of a satellite launch. China also criticized the launch, however urged "the relevant parties" to "refrain from taking actions that may further escalate tensions on the Korean peninsula". A fifth nuclear test occurred on September 9, 2016. This test yield

2925-420: The move "important, if limited", but said it would proceed cautiously and that talks would resume only after North Korea made steps toward fulfilling its promise. However, after North Korea conducted a long-range missile test in April 2012, the United States decided not to proceed with the food aid. On February 11, 2013, the U.S. Geological Survey detected a magnitude 5.1 seismic disturbance, reported to be

2990-464: The normalization of diplomatic relations and several kinds of assistance, including resources for alternative energy supplies. By 2002, the United States believed North Korea was pursuing both uranium enrichment technology and plutonium reprocessing technologies in defiance of the Agreed Framework. North Korea reportedly told American diplomats in private that they were in possession of nuclear weapons, citing American failures to uphold their own end of

3055-408: The northeast and east do have areas of higher elevation, which gradually slopes down to the much lower areas along the banks of the Yalu River . Around 75.6% of the city is covered by forests. Manpo has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dwa ). The yearly average temperature is 6.5 °C (43.7 °F); the January average temperature, −14.4 °C (6.1 °F); and

3120-419: The other for its failure. By 2002, Pakistan had admitted that North Korea had gained access to Pakistan's nuclear technology in the late 1990s. Based on evidence from Pakistan, Libya, and multiple statements made by the DPRK government, the United States accused North Korea of noncompliance and halted oil shipments; North Korea later claimed its public confession of guilt had been deliberately misconstrued. By

3185-447: The province was opened to tourist in which they could go to the city of Manpo . The city is located right across the river from China . The province has been converted into a power base for the country, with the construction of Kanggye Youth Power Station , Unbong Power Station , Jangjagang Power Station and other large hydroelectric power stations. The province has built since the 90s many small and medium-sized power stations, as

3250-424: The shutdown of North Korea's Yongbyon nuclear reactor and consequently North Korea began to receive aid. This agreement fell apart in 2009, following a North Korean satellite launch. In April 2009, reports surfaced that North Korea has become a "fully fledged nuclear power", an opinion shared by International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Director General Mohamed ElBaradei . On May 25, 2009, North Korea conducted

3315-474: The site of the first nuclear test. The test, estimated at 2 to 7 kilotons, was more powerful than the previous test. The same day, a successful short-range missile test was also conducted. In May 2010, the North Korean government claimed to have successfully performed nuclear fusion . Although the claim was largely dismissed at the time, a 2012 analysis of radioisotopes suggested that North Korea may have performed two nuclear tests involving fusion. The paper

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3380-512: The test. On September 9, 2016, a 5.3 seismic tremor was detected by seismographs in surrounding countries, after which North Korea confirmed it conducted another nuclear test. North Korea stated that this test has enabled them to confirm that its warhead can be mounted to a missile and to verify the warhead's power. It was previously doubted that North Korea could pair the nuclear warhead and missile together, but South Korean experts started to believe that North Korea can accomplish this goal within

3445-451: The test. Expert U.S. analysts do not believe that a hydrogen bomb was detonated. Seismic data collected so far suggests a 6–9 kiloton yield and that magnitude is not consistent with the power that would be generated by a hydrogen bomb explosion. "What we're speculating is they tried to do a boosted nuclear device, which is an atomic bomb that has a little bit of hydrogen, an isotope in it called tritium ," said Joseph Cirincione , president of

3510-512: The war on terrorism no matter the cost. On April 15, 2017, at the yearly major public holiday also known in the country as the Day of the Sun , North Korea staged a massive military parade to commemorate the 105th birth anniversary of Kim Il Sung, the country's founder and grandfather of current leader, Kim Jong Un. The parade took place amid hot speculation in the United States, Japan, and South Korea that

3575-415: Was capable of reaching the continental United States. Aerospace engineer and weapons analyst Dr. John Schilling estimates the current accuracy of the North's Hwasong-14 as poor, at the mooted ranges which threaten US cities. Michael Elleman points out that July 28, 2017 missile re-entry vehicle broke up on re-entry; further testing would be required. On August 8, 2017 The Washington Post reported that

3640-553: Was conducted at Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site in North Hamgyong Province , and U.S. intelligence officials later announced that analysis of radioactive debris in air samples collected a few days after the test confirmed that the blast had taken place. The UN Security Council condemned the test and announced the imposition of Resolution 1718 . On January 6, 2007, the North Korean government further confirmed that it had nuclear weapons. In February 2007, following

3705-450: Was estimated as less than a kiloton , and some radioactive output was detected. On January 6, 2007, the North Korean government further confirmed that it had nuclear weapons. On March 17, 2007, North Korea told delegates at international nuclear talks that it was preparing to shut down its main nuclear facility. The agreement was reached following a series of six-party talks , involving North Korea, South Korea, China, Russia, Japan, and

3770-422: Was in fact a hydrogen bomb has yet to be proven. Experts have cast doubt on this claim. A South Korean spy expert suggested that it may have been an atomic bomb and not a hydrogen bomb. Experts in several countries, including South Korea have expressed doubts about the claimed technology because of the relatively small size of the explosion. Senior Defense Analyst Bruce W. Bennett of research organization RAND told

3835-642: Was incomplete. When North Korea refused the requested special inspection, the IAEA reported its noncompliance to the UN Security Council . In 1993, North Korea announced its withdrawal from the NPT , but suspended that withdrawal before it took effect. Under the 1994 Agreed Framework , the U.S. government agreed to facilitate the supply of two light water reactors to North Korea in exchange for North Korean disarmament. Such reactors are considered "more proliferation-resistant than North Korea's graphite-moderated reactors", but not "proliferation proof". The Agreed Framework

3900-523: Was launched from Sain Ni and flew roughly 1,000 km (620 mi) before landing in the Sea of Japan . After North Korea claimed that the missile was capable of "carrying [a] super-heavy [nuclear] warhead and hitting the whole mainland of the U.S.", Kim-Jong-Un announced that they had "finally realized the great historic cause of completing the state nuclear force", putting them in a position of strength to push

3965-636: Was met with skepticism, as subsequent analysis of seismic data suggested no tests took place. In 2014, a study using seismic data found evidence for nuclear testing but a 2016 study once again dismissed claims of nuclear testing, suggesting that the seismic data was indicative of a minor earthquake. On February 12, monitors in Asia picked up unusual seismic activity at a North Korean facility at 11:57 (02:57 GMT), later determined to be an artificial quake with an initial magnitude 4.9 (later revised to 5.1). In The Korean Central News Agency subsequently said that

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4030-536: Was not attempting to recover any re-entry debris either, which South Korea pointed out is an indication that this first launch was of an ICBM which was far from ready for combat. As of July 2017, the U.S. estimated that North Korea would have a reliable nuclear-capable intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by early 2018. On July 28, North Korea launched a second, apparently more advanced, ICBM, with altitude around 3,700 km (2,300 mi), that traveled 1,000 km (620 mi) down range; analysts estimated that it

4095-475: Was re-listed by the State Department as a state sponsor of terrorism . Japan and South Korea welcomed the move as a method of increasing pressure on North Korea to negotiate about denuclearization. On November 28, 2017, North Korea fired an intercontinental ballistic missile in the first such launch from the country in more than two months. The missile, believed by the U.S. military to be an ICBM,

4160-459: Was undermined by a Republican Congress during Clinton's presidency , as Congress denounced the agreement with North Korea, imposed new sanctions on North Korea, and hindered the Clinton administration from providing the supplies to North Korea that were part of the Agreed Framework. Implementation of the Agreed Framework foundered, and in 2002 the Agreed Framework fell apart, with each side blaming

4225-540: Was upgraded to 8 MW in 1974. In 1979, North Korea began to build a second research reactor in Yongbyon, as well as an ore processing plant and a fuel rod fabrication plant. In 1985 North Korea ratified the NPT but did not include the required safeguards agreement with the IAEA until 1992. In early 1993, while verifying North Korea's initial declaration, the IAEA concluded that there was strong evidence this declaration

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