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13-656: Mantarō J. Hashimoto was born in Sawano-mura (沢野村), Nitta District, Gunma (currently Ōta City ). In 1955, he received a BA in Chinese Literature from the University of Tokyo , and began graduate studies, but dropped out of the doctoral course in 1960. He obtained a PhD in linguistics from Ohio State University in 1965, and his dissertation was on the Phonology of ancient Chinese . From 1966 to 1969, he

26-563: A Humid continental climate (Köppen Cfa ) characterized by warm summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Midori is 14.0 °C. The average annual rainfall is 1296 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.3 °C, and lowest in January, at around 2.7 °C. Per Japanese census data,

39-462: A population density of 240 persons per km². The total area of the city is 208.42 square kilometres (80.47 sq mi). Midori is located in eastern Gunma Prefecture in the northern Kantō Plains . The city is shaped like an inverse triangle, bordered by Tochigi Prefecture to the north, and by the city of Kiryū to the east and west. The Watarase River runs through parts of Midori City. Gunma Prefecture Tochigi Prefecture Midori has

52-535: A directly elected mayor and a unicameral city council of 18 members. Midori contributes one member to the Gunma Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Gunma 1st district of the lower house of the Diet of Japan . Midori is noted for its production of tomatoes and eggplants. Midori has seven public elementary schools and five public middle schools operated by

65-573: Is frequently subject–object–verb in northern varieties and subject–verb–object in southern ones. Grammatical modifiers contrast between to modifier- modified word order in the north and modified-modifier in the south (Wadley 1996: 102). The polyglot Mantarō Hashimoto was a prolific writer of scholarly publications in Japanese, English, and Chinese (see Tsuji 1988 for details). His subjects included phonology , lexicology , dialectology , Sinitic languages , Hakka Chinese , Taiwanese Hokkien , and

78-607: The University of Washington . In 2002, the International Association of Chinese Linguistics established the Mantarō J. Hashimoto Award for Chinese Historical Phonology . Hashimoto and his research are still mentioned internationally among East Asian linguists (JCIEA 2011: 80). According to one prominent linguist of Chinese, Hashimoto blazed the trail for two fields of research: the effect that geography has on historical linguistics , and how areal features in

91-527: The varieties of Chinese (previously called " dialects ") reflect prolonged language contact with other language families (Wang 1987: 378). Professor Hashimoto was a leading advocate of studying different areal features to gain information on the historical development of the Chinese language. He analyzed the Chinese varieties in northern and southern China and noticed the further north one traveled in China,

104-535: The establishment of the municipalities system on April 1, 1889, the area was organized into four towns (Ota, Kizaki, Yabuzukahon, and Ojima) and 9 villages (Kasakake, Kuai, Sawano, Torinosato, Namashina, Watauchi, Kyodo, Serada and Hosen). Midori, Gunma Midori ( みどり市 , Midori-shi ) is a city located in Gunma Prefecture , Japan . As of 31 August 2020 , the city had an estimated population of 50,266 in 21,028 households, and

117-402: The influence of Altaic languages on Mandarin Chinese . Some English-language examples: Nitta District, Gunma Nitta District ( 新田郡 , Nitta-gun ) was formerly a rural district located in Gunma Prefecture , Japan . Most of the city Ōta and parts of the cities of Midori and Isesaki were formerly part of the district Nitta District was created on December 7, 1878, with

130-657: The more the Chinese varieties began to resemble the Altaic languages that bordered them. Conversely, as one traveled south in China, the varieties began to resemble Austroasiatic languages that bordered them in the south. Hashimoto theorized that the varieties of Chinese had been heavily influenced by the non-Chinese languages on their periphery (Wadley 1996: 99–100). For examples, northern varieties have comparatively fewer tonal distinctions and more polysyllabic words than southern Chinese varieties with complex tonal systems and more monosyllabic words. The syntax of sentence structure

143-416: The population of Midori has recently plateaued after a long period of growth. The city of Midori was established on March 27, 2006, from the merger of the town of Ōmama (from Yamada District ), the town of Kasakake (from Nitta District ), and the village of Azuma (from Seta District ). All three districts were dissolved as a result of this merger. Midori has a mayor-council form of government with

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156-603: The reorganization of Gunma Prefecture into districts. It included one town (Ōta) and 96 villages, which were formerly part of the tenryō holdings in Kōzuke Province under the direct administration of the Tokugawa shogunate or administered by hatamoto , 12 villages under Maebashi Domain , and one village each under Tatebayshi Domain , Okabe Domain (Musashi Province), and Sano Domain (Shimotsuke Province) and two villages under Nishibata Domain (Mikawa Province). With

169-522: Was a visiting professor at the University of Hawaii , Osaka City University , and Princeton University . Hashimoto became an assistant professor at the Institute for Asian and African Languages and Cultures, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies in 1970 and Professor in 1973, where he remained for the rest of his life. Mantarō Hashimoto was married to Anne Oi-kan Yue-Hashimoto , who is currently Professor Emeritus of Chinese Language and Linguistics at

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