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55-544: In modern times it is a former municipality in Arcadia , Peloponnese , Greece . Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Tripoli , of which it is a municipal unit. Its seat was the village of Nestani (pop. 486 in 2011). It is located in the northeastern part of Arcadia. The municipal unit has a land area of 205.393 km and a population of 1,693 inhabitants (2021). Its largest other towns are Artemisio, Loukas, and Kapsas . The city emerged from

110-484: A 118-year-old library of archeology with rare ancient art, science and philosophy books and publications. The library has some 20,000 volumes, including rare editions dating to the 17th century. The bibliography covers archaeology, history, arts, ancient religions and ancient Greek philosophy , as well as Ancient Greek and Latin literature. Of particular value are the diaries of various excavations including those of Heinrich Schliemann . The collection of archaeology books

165-811: A 20,000 square metre underground extension to the museum. The extension is expected to be completed by 2028 and will also feature a rooftop garden. The museum's collections are organised in sections: The prehistoric collection displays objects from the Neolithic era (6800–3000 BC), Early and Mid- Bronze Age (3000–2000 BC and 2000 to 1700 BC respectively), objects classified as Cycladic and Mycenaean art. There are ceramic finds from various important Neolithic sites such as Dimini and Sesclo from middle Helladic ceramics from Boeotia , Attica and Phthiotis . Some objects from Heinrich Schliemann excavations in Troy are also on display. Key highlights of

220-737: A 6th-century BC marble statue of a woman, which were returned as stolen artifacts to Greece in 2007 by the Getty Museum in California , after a 10-year-long legal dispute between the Getty Center and the Greek Government . One year earlier, the Los Angeles foundation agreed to return a 4th-century BC tombstone from near Greek Thebes and a 6th-century BC votive relief from the island of Thassos . The museum houses

275-573: A child, a painted limestone head of a goddess and the famous warrior's vase dating from the 12th century. The Egyptian collection dates back to the last twenty years of the 19th century. Notable is the donation of the Egyptian government which in 1893 offered nine mummies of the era of the Pharaohs from Bab el-Gasus . However, the Egyptian collection is mainly by two donors, Ioannis Dimitriou (in 1880) and of Alexandros Rostovic (in 1904). In total

330-466: A large neo-classic design garden which is decorated with sculptures. The building has undergone many expansions. Most important were the construction of a new east wing in the early 20th century based on the plans of Anastasios Metaxas and the construction of a two-storeyed building, designed by George Nomikos , during 1932–1939. These expansions were necessary to accommodate the rapidly growing collection of artifacts. The most recent refurbishment of

385-601: A literary dialect, but it is known from inscriptions. Tsan is a letter of the Greek alphabet occurring only in Arcadia, shaped like Cyrillic И ; it represents an affricate that developed from labiovelars in context where they became t in other dialects. The Tsakonian language , still spoken on the coast of modern Arcadia (but in the Classical period considered the southern Argolid coast immediately adjoining Arcadia),

440-765: A member of the Peloponnesian League , but during the Peloponnesian War, the city joined Athens. After the war, it was forced to rejoin the Peloponnese. Later, Sparta used the Peace of Antalcidas (387 BC) as a pretext to break Mantineia into its constituent villages. In response, the Mantineans expelled pro-Spartans from the city, but were vanquished in the Siege of Mantinea (385 BC), and the city

495-490: A reason. There were many musical instruments in ancient Greece, however, daouli and karamoutza are the most common instruments existed in the villages of the province Mantineia. Some regions similar to Chrisovitsi, didn't have these folk instruments. The folk music of Chrisovitsi mostly consisted of vocal songs and the instrument floghera . With the tradition of dance songs sang by the lead dancer in Chrisovitsi, there

550-454: A rooftop garden. The museum has an imposing neo-classical design which was very popular in Europe at the time and is in accordance with the classical style artifacts that it houses. The initial plan was conceived by the architect Ludwig Lange and it was later modified by Panagis Kalkos who was the main architect, Armodios Vlachos and Ernst Ziller . At the front of the museum there is

605-550: A smaller population than Corinthia . Demographers expected that its population would halve between 1951 and the early 21st century. The population has fallen to 87,000 in 2011. An earthquake measuring 5.9 on the Richter magnitude scale shook Megalopoli and the surrounding area in 1965. Large numbers of buildings were destroyed, leaving people homeless. Within a couple of years, the buildings were rebuilt anti-seismically. This earthquake revealed an underground source of lignite in

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660-634: A year, and there was also a Council, like in other Greek democracies. Officials included damiourgoi (a political role) as well as theoroi (a religious one) and polemarchoi (military). In 385 the Spartans forcibly suppressed the democracy, though it did have a brief revival in the 360s when Mantineia was part of the Arcadian League . The municipal unit Mantineia is subdivided into the following communities (constituent villages in brackets): The province of Mantineia ( Greek : Επαρχία Μαντινείας )

715-423: Is a bronze statue of the princess-priestess Takushit , dating to around 670 BC. Standing 70 cm high and wearing a gown covered in hieroglyphs, the statue was found south of Alexandria in 1880. The Stathatos collection is named for the donors and major Greek benefactors Antonis and Eleni Stathatos. The collection features about 1000 objects, mainly jewels as well as metal objects, vases, and pottery from

770-470: Is a descendant of Doric Greek, and as such is an exceptional example of a surviving regional dialect of archaic Greek. The principal cities of Tsakonia are the Arcadian coastal towns of Leonidio and Tyros . The regional unit Arcadia is subdivided into five municipalities. (Numbered as on map in infobox): As a part of the 2011 Kallikratis government reform, the regional unit Arcadia was created out of

825-670: Is considered one of the greatest museums in the world and contains the richest collection of Greek Antiquity artifacts worldwide. It is situated in the Exarcheia area in central Athens between Epirus Street, Bouboulinas Street and Tositsas Street while its entrance is on the Patission Street adjacent to the historical building of the Athens Polytechnic university . The first national archaeological museum in Greece

880-513: Is no evidence of existence of any folk instruments. Arcadia (regional unit) Arcadia ( Greek : Αρκαδία , romanized :  Arkadía Modern Greek : [ɐr.kɐˈði.ɐ] ) is one of the regional units of Greece . It is part of the administrative region of Peloponnese . It is in the central and eastern part of the Peloponnese peninsula. It takes its name from the mythological figure Arcas . In Greek mythology , it

935-705: Is often too slow to start cultivation in due time. After the collapse of the Roman Empire in the west , Arcadia remained as part of the Greek-speaking Byzantine Empire . Arcadia remained a beautiful, secluded area, and its inhabitants became proverbial as herdsmen leading simple pastoral unsophisticated yet happy lives, to the point that Arcadia may refer to some imaginary idyllic paradise, immortalized by Virgil 's Eclogues , and later by Jacopo Sannazaro in his pastoral masterpiece, Arcadia (1504); see also Arcadia (utopia) . After

990-629: Is represented by stone, bronze and ceramic pots, figurines, ivory, glass and faience objects, golden seals and rings from the vaulted tombs in Mycenae and other locations in the Peloponnese ( Tiryns and Dendra in Argolis , Pylos in Messinia and Vaphio in Lakonia ). Of great interest are the two golden cups from Vafeio showing a scene of the capture of a bull. Mycenean collection includes also

1045-407: Is the most common meter found in the province. Klephtic songs are about a historical event and the hardships specific villages went through. Klephtic songs are free-meter songs and they can be in chromatic or/and diatonic modes. Wedding songs can differ from village to village and the major steps of weddings are followed by music: Patinadha is played with daouli and karamoutza announcing

1100-589: Is the richest of its kind in Greece . The Library has been recently renovated with funds from the Alexander S. Onassis Foundation . Its renovation was completed on 26 May 2008 and is now named after Alexander Onassis . The museum is accessible by the Athens metro . The nearest station is Victoria Station (Line 1) and it is within a 5-minute walk from the museum. The museum houses a gift shop with artifact replicas and

1155-424: Is usually interpreted to mean "Even in Arcadia there am I", is an example of memento mori , a cautionary reminder of the transitory nature of life and the inevitability of death. The phrase is most often associated with a 1647 painting by Nicolas Poussin , also known as "The Arcadian Shepherds". In the painting the phrase appears as an inscription on a tomb discovered by youthful figures in classical garb. Arcadia

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1210-908: The Fourth Crusade , the area became a part of the Principality of Achaea , but was progressively recovered by the Byzantine Greeks of the Despotate of the Morea from the 1260s on, a process that was completed in 1320 . The region fell into the hands of the Ottoman Turks along with the rest of the Despotate in 1460. With the exception of a period of Venetian rule in 1687–1715, the region remained under Turkish control until 1821. The Latin phrase Et in Arcadia ego , which

1265-705: The Temple of Aphaea in Aegina , the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia in Sparta , Pylos , Thebes , Athens, Vari Cave , the Antikythera wreck and from various other places in Greece . The museum houses the archaic terracota statuette daidala that inspired the designers of the 2004 Athens Olympics maskots Athena and Phevos . Two of the newest exhibits of the museum include a 4th-century BC golden funerary wreath and

1320-1038: The Middle Bronze Age to post- Byzantine era. Features of special note are the Hellenistic period golden jewels from Karpenissi and Thessaly . Some of the ancient artists whose work is presented in the museum are Myron , Scopas , Euthymides , Lydos , Agoracritus , Agasias , Pan Painter , Wedding Painter , Meleager Painter , Cimon of Cleonae , Nessos Painter , Damophon , Aison (vase painter) , Analatos Painter , Polygnotos (vase painter) , Hermonax . Collections include sculpture work, Loutrophoros , amphora , Hydria , Skyphos , Krater , Pelike , and lekythos vessels, Stele , frescoes , jewellery, weapons, tools, coins, toys and other ancient items. Artifacts derive from archaeological excavations in Santorini , Mycenae , Tiryns , Dodona , Vaphio , Rhamnous , Lycosura , Aegean islands , Delos ,

1375-538: The Peloponnese. The whole peninsula was formed by intense tectonics ( faults , overthrusts and regional metamorphism ). In Arcadia's central part around the Tripoli region developed a special form of topography, a geologically fascinating phenomenon: There are several plains and "intra mountainous basins", even "closed basins": The 30 km long "Tripoli-Plateau", " Argon Pedion ", Basin of Levidi , Basin of Vlacherna Arcadia /Hotoussa/ Kandila . The peculiarity of

1430-457: The amalgamation of several neighbouring villages around 500 BC. Its patron god was Poseidon . It was a large city with numerous temples. The fortifications originally were polygonal. The temple of Artemis Hymnia , just on the north of the city, is mentioned by Pausanias . Diotima , who influenced Socrates , supposedly was a priestess there. Near the city was the dam of Mantineia, one of the most advanced examples of ancient technology. The city

1485-441: The area and described the ruins and remains of the city at the time in his 8th book. Modern-day Mantineia is the region around the city of Tripoli in Arcadia , and was named after the namesake city of old. It is also the name of a Protected designation of origin of Greek blanc de gris wine , made of the moschofilero grape traditionally grown in the region. The seat of Mantineia is Nestani, home to about one-fifth (20%) of

1540-487: The area, and in 1967 construction began on the Megalopoli Power Plant , which began operating in 1970. The mining area south of the plant is the largest mining area in the peninsula and continues to the present day with one settlement moved. In July and August 2007 forest fires caused damage in Arcadia, notably in the mountains. In 2008, a theory proposed by classicist Christos Mergoupis suggested that

1595-442: The collection includes more than 6000 artefacts, 1100 of which are available presently for the public. The collection is considered to be one of the best collections of Egyptian art in the world. The exhibition features rare statues, tools, jewels, mummies, a wooden body tag for a mummy, a stunning bronze statue of a princess, intact bird eggs and a 3000-year-old loaf of bread with a bite-sized chunk missing. The exhibition centrepiece

1650-505: The collections include: Cycladic collection features the famous marble figurines from the Aegean islands of Delos and Keros including the Lutist . These mysterious human representations, which resemble modern art and inspired many artists such as Henry Moore , came from the 3rd millennium BC old cemeteries of Aegean islands along with bronze tools and containers. Mycenean civilization

1705-399: The dances for the songs do differ with either a Syrto or Kalamatiano . Road songs usually are happy songs that talk about love and nature. Laments are sung often by widows, only women, and include positive thoughts about the deceased in the province of Mantinea. There is not much of a recording of laments since it is believed to bring death to a loved one of the person who sang it without

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1760-1369: The former prefecture Arcadia ( Greek : Νομός Αρκαδίας ). The prefecture had the same territory as the present regional unit. At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below. Arcadia was divided into four provinces: Note: Provinces no longer hold any legal status in Greece . The main towns in modern Arcadia are Tripoli , Astros , Vytina , Dimitsana , Lagkadia , Tyros , Leonidio , Levidi , Megalopoli and Stemnitsa . Ancient cities include Acacesium , Asea , Astros, Athinaio , Daseae , Falaisia (Phalesia), Gortys , Hypsus ( Stemnitsa ), Heraia , Lusi , Lykaio , Lycosura , Mantineia , Megalopolis , Orchomenus (Orchomenos) , Tegea , Thoknia , Trapezus , Trikolonoi , Tropaia , Tripoli , Tyros , other cities includes Basilis , Caphyae , Charisia , Ellison , Enispe , Kaous , Karyes , Methydrio , Melangeia , Oryx , Paroria , Pelagos , Rhipe , Stratia , Teuthis and several more. Cities which once belonged in Arcadia include Alea (now in Argolis), Amilos (now in Achaia), and Phigalia (now in Elis). A thermoelectric power station which produces electricity for most of southern Greece, operates to

1815-402: The greater metropolitan area. Arcadia consists partly of farmland, and to a larger extent grassland and degenerated shrubland . It also has three mountain ranges, with forestation mainly at altitudes above 1000 meters: Mainalo , a winter ski resort, situated in the central north; Parnon in the central south; and Mount Lykaion , famous for the ancient history and myths associated with it, in

1870-638: The magnificent 19th-century finds of Heinrich Schliemann in Mycenae from the Grave Circle A and the earlier Grave Circle B . Most notable are the golden funerary masks which covered the faces of deceased Mycenean nobles. Among them, the most famous is the one that was named erroneously as the mask of Agamemnon . There are also finds from the citadel of Mycenae including relief stelae, golden containers, glass, alabaster and amber tools and jewels. Other features include an ivory carving of two goddesses with

1925-435: The mountains. Rocks and grasslands cover most of the northeast. The Mantineia Marble, dated to the 4th century BC and now exhibited at National Archaeological Museum of Athens , depicts the mythical contest between Apollo and Marsyas , with a Greek pandouris being played by a muse seated on a rock. This is important to researchers into the history of musical instruments. Lutes have been present in ancient Greece There

1980-729: The mummified remains of Alexander the Great (not his actual tomb), may in fact be located in Gortynia-Arkadia, in the Peloponnese of Greece. Since 2008, this research is ongoing and currently being conducted in Greece. The research was first mentioned on CNN International in May 2008. When, during the Greek Dark Ages (c. 1200 BC–800 BC), Doric Greek was introduced to the Peloponnese, the older Arcadocypriot Greek language apparently survived in Arcadia . Arcadocypriot never became

2035-541: The museum houses the Epigraphic Museum with the richest collection of inscriptions in the world. The inscriptions museum expanded between 1953 and 1960 with the architectural designs of Patroklos Karantinos . In 2023, the Greek government approved plans for a 20,000 square metres (220,000 sq ft) underground extension to the museum. The extension is expected to be completed by 2028 and will also feature

2090-534: The museum took more than 1.5 years to complete, during which the museum remained completely closed. It reopened in July 2004, in time for the Athens Olympics and it included an aesthetic and technical upgrade of the building, installation of a modern air-conditioning system, reorganisation of the museum's collection and repair of the damage caused by the 1999 earthquake . The Minoan frescoes rooms opened to

2145-488: The plains and basins is a result of intensive karstification : Water seeps into the underground, rather than eroding and draining the topography by surface waterways. All drainage runs through ponors (in Greek: καταβόθρες) and subterranean waterways. The additional problem for rural activities in the basins: When winter rains are heavy, the ground is flooded or temporary lakes arise, even today, as drainage through katavothres

2200-509: The population. Mountains surround the valley, including the Lyrkeia mountains as well as the Mainalo mountains to the southwest. The valley consists of vineyards, potato and wheat farms, as well as other crops, and covers about half of the municipality. Several floods ravaged Mantineia in the mid-20th century, even to the extent of forming a lake that has since been drained. Forests dominate

2255-512: The public in 2005. In May 2008 the Culture Minister Mihalis Liapis inaugurated the much anticipated collection of Egyptian antiquities and the collection of Eleni and Antonis Stathatos. In 2020, there was renewed discussion regarding the need to further expand the museum to adjacent areas. A new plan was made for a subterranean expansion at the front of the museum. In 2023, the Greek government approved plans for

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2310-498: The south of Megalopolis , along with a coal mine. In agriculture, potato farms (dominant in central and northcentral Arcadia), mixed farming, olive groves, and pasture dominate the plains of Arcadia, especially in the area around Megalopolis and between Tripoli and Levidi. The A7 motorway ( E65 ) highway connects Tripoli with Corinth and Athens. It is being extended further southwest to Megalopoli and Kalamata. Arcadia has two tunnels. The Artemisio Tunnel opened first, followed by

2365-425: The southwest. Its climate features hot summers and mild winters in the east, the south, and those parts of the central area that are less than 1000 meters above sea level. Fall and winter are mostly rainy, except in the mountains to the west and north, Taygetus and Mainalo , which are snowy in winter. Arcadia is almost totally mountainous and part of the "carbonate platform" (calcareous or limestone deposits) of

2420-497: The time for the ceremony to the village, "My Venetian Padlock" sang by the bride when her dowry is displayed after the wedding, when going to her future home, a Kandhylian melody is being played, and at the reception "Sitting at this Wedding Table" is sung by the priest for blessing. Road songs gets its name from the occasion they were sung, which was on the road by the workers who were going back to their home. Unlike Wedding songs, road songs are not different in each village, instead,

2475-439: The tunnel east of Megalopolis; both serve traffic flowing between Messenia and Athens . National Archaeological Museum of Athens The National Archaeological Museum ( Greek : Εθνικό Αρχαιολογικό Μουσείο , romanized :  Ethnikó Archaiologikó Mouseío ) in Athens houses some of the most important artifacts from a variety of archaeological locations around Greece from prehistory to late antiquity . It

2530-539: Was a democracy in place in Mantineia by 420 BC, when Thucydides says that the Mantineans joined an alliance led by Argos because it was a fellow democracy. Aristotle describes an unusual feature of the Mantinean system: officials were elected, not by the people as a whole, but by a special committee selected by the people. For this committee to be selected, the people had to attend an Assembly of sorts, probably once

2585-490: Was completed in 1889 using funds from the Greek Government , the Greek Archaeological Society and the society of Mycenae . Major benefactors were Eleni Tositsa who donated the land for the building of the museum, and Demetrios and Nikolaos Vernardakis from Saint Petersburg who donated a large amount for the completion of the museum. The initial name for the museum was The Central Museum . It

2640-525: Was dismembered and destroyed. After the Spartan defeat at the end of the Theban–Spartan War , Mantineia re-formed into a single city. The fortifications now became almost oval, keeping some parts of the old walls. The Second Battle of Mantinea , in 362 BC, led to the fall of Theban hegemony. In that battle, Athens and Sparta were allied. Thebes won the battle, but its greatest general, Epaminondas ,

2695-468: Was established by the governor of Greece Ioannis Kapodistrias in Aigina in 1829. Subsequently, the archaeological collection was relocated to a number of exhibition places until 1858, when an international architectural competition was announced for the location and the architectural design of the new museum. The current location was proposed and the construction of the museum's building began in 1866 and

2750-490: Was killed in the fighting. Macedonian king Antigonus III Doson sacked the city at 223 BC. Antigonus handed the city to the Achaeans, which colonized it, under Aratus of Sicyon , and renamed the city to Antigonia. Roman emperor Hadrian restored Mantineia's name. In 130 AD he visited the city and built a temple dedicated to his lover Antinous . Some decades later, probably few years before 166 AD, Pausanias visited

2805-544: Was one of the provinces of the Arcadia Prefecture. Its territory corresponded with that of the current municipality Tripoli . Its seat was the town of Tripoli. It was abolished in 2006. Mantineian folk music mainly consists of the songs with meters 6/4 , 4/4 and 7/8.These meters are often the building blocks of the Mantineian folk dances: Tsamiko , Syrto , and Kalamatiano respectively. The meter 7/8,

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2860-685: Was one of the centres of the Greek War of Independence which saw victories in their battles including one in Tripoli . After a victorious revolutionary war, Arcadia was finally incorporated into the newly created Greek state. Arcadia saw economic growth and small emigration. In the 20th century, Arcadia experienced extensive population loss through emigration, mostly to the Americas . Many Arcadian villages lost half their inhabitants, and fears arose that they would turn into ghost towns. Arcadia now has

2915-462: Was renamed to its current name in 1881 by Prime Minister of Greece Charilaos Trikoupis . In 1887 the important archaeologist Valerios Stais became the museum's curator. During World War II the museum was closed and the antiquities were sealed in special protective boxes and buried, in order to avoid their destruction and looting. In 1945 exhibits were again displayed under the direction of Christos Karouzos and Semni Karouzou . The south wing of

2970-438: Was the home of the god Pan . In European Renaissance arts, Arcadia was celebrated as an unspoiled, harmonious wilderness. Arcadia is a rural, mountainous regional unit comprising about 18% of the land area of the Peloponnese peninsula. It is the peninsula's largest regional unit. According to the 2021 census, it has 77,592 inhabitants; its capital, Tripoli, has about 30,400 residents in the city proper, and about 44,000 total in

3025-692: Was the place of the First Battle of Mantineia , in 418 BC, the largest land battle of the Peloponnesian War . On one side were Sparta and its remaining allies, and on the other were Athens , its allies, plus the cities that had revolted against the Spartans. After the Athenians' commander, Laches , was killed, the battle turned into a rout of the Athenian and allied armies, a result attributed to greater Spartan courage. Mantineia had been

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