118-694: Manurewa is a suburb in South Auckland , New Zealand , located 6 km (3.7 mi) south of Manukau Central , and 26 km (16 mi) southeast of the Auckland City Centre . It is home to the Auckland Botanic Gardens , which receives over a million visitors a year. Manurewa has a high proportion of non-European ethnicities, making it one of the most multi-cultural suburbs in New Zealand. Employment for many
236-413: A 6.4-hectare (16-acre) reclamation area with sanded beaches, new green open space and several new headlands. The area is to receive a new boat ramp, and walk and cycleways including a new walking and cycling bridge over the motorway to Onehunga. Construction has started on 19 November 2012. The newly named Taumanu Reserve was officially opened to the public on 14 November 2015, in an event attended by over
354-545: A cooler climate. A number of early Tāmaki Māori iwi and hapū are associated with South Auckland. Ngā Oho was used as a unifying name for Tāmaki Māori who descended from the Tainui and Te Arawa migratory waka. Descendants of Tāhuhunui-o-te-rangi, captain of the Moekākara waka, settled around Ōtāhuhu and adopted the name Ngāi Tāhuhu , while descendants of Tāiki, a Tainui ancestor of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki , named
472-503: A disbursed circuit around the Manukau Harbour. During this time, the tribal identities of Te Ākitai Waiohua , Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua developed. Ngāti Whātua people who remained in the area and interwed with Waiohua developed into the modern iwi Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . By the 19th century, most Tāmaki Māori peoples moved away from fortified pā and favoured kāinga closer to resources and transport routes. In
590-596: A disease-resistant variety of kūmara that became the modern Owairaka Red variety. The development of the Auckland Southern Motorway in the mid-1950s led to an explosion in the population of Papatoetoe and Manurewa. In 1958, the first modern supermarket in New Zealand was opened in Papatoetoe, by Tom Ah Chee , Norm Kent and John Brown, and in 1967 the third American-style mall in Auckland
708-652: A local plant before being supplied to Onehunga as part of the Auckland water supply network. While most of Auckland's potable water comes from reservoirs in the Hunua and Waitākere Ranges, or from the Waikato River, the Onehunga aquifer provides around 5%. In contrast, while the isthmus's other major aquifer, the Western Springs aquifer, is also fed by water seeping through lava fields, it is no longer used as
826-551: A new commercial and administrative centre, leading to the development of Manukau in a previously rural area between Manurewa and Papatoetoe. After the construction of Manukau, South Auckland from Ōtāhuhu to Papakura became a continuous part of the urban sprawl of Auckland. In the mid-1970s, construction on State Highway 20 (commonly known as the Southwestern Motorway) began in South Auckland, including
944-468: A new motorway bridge to be built alongside the existing Māngere Bridge. Construction was halted by May 1978, when workers organised a labour strike over insufficient redundancy payments. The partially constructed bridge was picketed for a period of two and a half years, becoming the longest continuous labour strike in the history of New Zealand. The Auckland Botanic Gardens opened in Manurewa in 1982,
1062-672: A population of 316,878 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 42,378 people (15.4%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 57,651 people (22.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 78,903 households, comprising 158,331 males and 158,547 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 79,629 people (25.1%) aged under 15 years, 80,154 (25.3%) aged 15 to 29, 129,459 (40.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 27,636 (8.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 26.9% European/ Pākehā , 21.0% Māori , 41.1% Pacific peoples , 26.1% Asian , and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1180-703: A population of 870 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 30 people (3.6%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 252 people (40.8%) since the 2006 census . There were 369 households, comprising 435 males and 432 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.01 males per female. The median age was 36.0 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 114 people (13.1%) aged under 15 years, 204 (23.4%) aged 15 to 29, 441 (50.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 108 (12.4%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 53.1% European/ Pākehā , 14.5% Māori , 13.8% Pacific peoples , 28.3% Asian , and 5.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1298-510: A post office opened in 1884. By the 1900s, much of Woodside village had moved to Manurewa, including the school that moved by 1906, and joined by the Methodist Church in 1909. Manurewa became a centre for the dairy industry in the early 20th century, with the first creamery opening in 1905. By 1915, Manurewa had grown large enough to become a town district, created from parts of the former Manurewa and Papakura road districts. The area
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#17327801724581416-564: A redesign of the Manukau Sewerage Treatment Works, the quality of the water has increased significantly. In 1893, Elizabeth Yates became mayor of Onehunga. While she was defeated at the polls only one year later, she was the first woman in the British Empire to hold such a post. While in 1891 Onehunga was one of the "25 most populous urban areas/towns of New Zealand", with about 5,000 inhabitants, by
1534-547: A roll of 442. Finlayson Park School, Leabank School, Manurewa Central School , Manurewa East School, Manurewa South School, Manurewa West School and Rowandale School are contributing primary schools (years 1–6) with rolls of 947, 369, 509, 346, 382, 410 and 581 students, respectively. In 2020 Finlayson Park School in Auckland became the first school in New Zealand to set up a Kiribati language unit, where Erika Taeang
1652-446: A seaside resort and also made it a less attractive place to live. By the late 1930s the water quality of the harbour was poor, with a discernible downturn in fish and wildlife numbers. It became unsafe to eat any shellfish for example and fish numbers dwindled. The installation of a large sewerage treatment plant in the harbour in the 1960s only made things worse. Since the decommissioning of the freezing works at Westfield and Southdown and
1770-549: A source of potable water. The name Onehunga is from the Māori language and means a "beach composed of mixed sand and mud" or "alluvial soil", according to Williams's Dictionary of the Maori Language . Claims have been made for other names and meanings. Ethnographer George Graham was told by one Māori informant that the name was Ōnehunga , with the etymology of ō (the place of) nehunga (burial), but Graham said that
1888-680: A thousand people. Onehunga Line rail services carry passengers between Onehunga railway station and central Auckland's Britomart Transport Centre along the Onehunga Branch line to a junction with the main line at Penrose station . The Campaign for Better Transport campaigned to have the line extended south from Onehunga across the SH20 Manukau Harbour second crossing bridge to Auckland Airport . Former Auckland Mayor Len Brown also campaigned for this Auckland Airport Line , though it will likely only be developed after
2006-479: A tidal lagoon opening to the southwest, but which has also been reclaimed. Onehunga's southwestern side, near the Manukau Harbour, lost its direct waterfront access when the Southwest Motorway was built there in the 1970s. Only a tidal lagoon remains on the city side, though in 2008, there were proposals that the motorway (which was to be widened) could be sunk into a trench to provide direct access to
2124-432: Is a residential and light-industrial suburb. There are almost 1,000 commercial and industrial businesses in the area. Onehunga stretches south from Royal Oak to the northern shore of the Manukau Harbour. To the east are the areas of Oranga and Te Papapa ; to the west, Hillsborough . On the southern shore of the Manukau Harbour, and linked to Onehunga by two bridges , is the suburb of Māngere Bridge . Onehunga lies on
2242-449: Is a variant of the Māori word for " kite ", manu aute , used by in local Waiohua dialect. The translation "soaring bird" gained popularity in the 1920s among English speakers. The name is a shortened form of Te Manurewa o Tamapahore ("The Drifted-away Kite of Tamapahore"), a name which recalls a story involving Waiohua ancestor Tamapahore. One day the men who lived at Matukutūruru and Matukutūreia decided to fly kites, and Tamapahore's
2360-530: Is at the many companies of nearby Wiri , Papakura , and at the steel mill at Glenbrook . The area has been inhabited since at least the 13th century, and has cultural significance for Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua . Manurewa developed as a rural community after the Manurewa railway station opened in 1875, becoming a borough in 1937. The area saw suburban growth in the 1950s and 1960s, and became a shopping hub when Southmall Manurewa opened in 1967. The name Manurewa
2478-510: Is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland , the largest city in New Zealand . The area is south of the Auckland isthmus , and on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour . The area has been populated by Tāmaki Māori since at least the 14th century, and has important archaeological sites, such as the Ōtuataua stonefield gardens at Ihumātao , and Māngere Mountain , a former pā site important to Waiohua tribes. The area
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#17327801724582596-404: Is primarily industrial. The residential/commercial area of Onehunga covers 2.60 km (1.00 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 11,600 as of June 2024, with a population density of 4,462 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the residential area had a larger boundary, covering 2.75 km (1.06 sq mi). Using that boundary, the area had a population of 10,902 at
2714-478: Is to fund a large-scale new shoreline west of the motorway, connected to downtown Onehunga with new pedestrian/cyclebridges, and creating 11ha of new beach and headland landscape. Three designs out of seven initial competitors have been shortlisted for further work as of late 2009, and it is hoped to complete the restoration of the foreshore by mid-2014. In mid-2011, the plans for the restoration works were clarified further, and provided for public comment, setting out
2832-557: The 2013 census , and an increase of 3,645 people (23.4%) since the 2006 census . There were 4,572 households, comprising 9,765 males and 9,474 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.03 males per female, with 5,160 people (26.8%) aged under 15 years, 5,226 (27.2%) aged 15 to 29, 7,461 (38.8%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,392 (7.2%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 24.5% European/ Pākehā , 30.9% Māori , 41.1% Pacific peoples , 23.0% Asian , and 2.3% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
2950-616: The 2013 census , and an increase of 597 people (25.8%) since the 2006 census . There were 726 households, comprising 1,500 males and 1,407 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.07 males per female. The median age was 30.4 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 693 people (23.8%) aged under 15 years, 744 (25.6%) aged 15 to 29, 1,221 (42.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 252 (8.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 25.1% European/ Pākehā , 30.7% Māori , 35.8% Pacific peoples , 27.2% Asian , and 2.4% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
3068-628: The 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 693 people (6.8%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 1,284 people (13.3%) since the 2006 census . There were 3,909 households, comprising 5,397 males and 5,505 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.98 males per female, with 2,007 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 2,283 (20.9%) aged 15 to 29, 5,469 (50.2%) aged 30 to 64, and 1,143 (10.5%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 57.0% European/ Pākehā , 10.4% Māori , 16.3% Pacific peoples , 26.9% Asian , and 3.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
3186-503: The Auckland isthmus , on the northern shore of Mangere Inlet, an arm of the Manukau Harbour , and just south of the volcanic cone of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill . The Port of Onehunga, on Manukau Harbour, is now much smaller than Auckland's east coast port on the Waitematā Harbour , but in the 19th century it was the larger. The wharves are located on reclaimed land bordering a low volcanic crater called Te Hopua , once occupied by
3304-471: The Auckland volcanic field are found in South Auckland, such as Māngere Mountain , Matukutūreia and the Pukaki Lagoon . Many of the mountains of South Auckland have been quarried, such as Matukutūruru , Maungataketake and Ōtara Hill (either entirely or partially). Some of the northern-most features of the older South Auckland volcanic field can be found in the area, such as Pukekiwiriki and
3422-466: The City Rail Link is completed. Electric services began running between Britomart and Onehunga on 28 April 2014. Queen St, named after Queen Victoria , led onto the 1920s Māngere Bridge and thence to the suburb of the same name . This was one of the main land routes south out of Auckland and the usual route to the airport until the motorway and regional road system in the 1970s diverted
3540-637: The Hūnua Falls . Both the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River are drowned river valley systems. The Manukau Harbour formed between 3 and 5 million years ago when tectonic forces between the Pacific Plate and Australian Plate uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and subsided the Manukau Harbour. It began as an open bay, eventually forming as a sheltered harbour as the Āwhitu Peninsula developed at
3658-735: The Lotto Sport Italia NRFL Division 1A are based in Manurewa. The Manurewa Marlins are based in Manurewa. The first local government in the area was the Manurewa Highway District, which formed in 1867 to administer road upkeep. By 1915, Manurewa had grown large enough to become a town district within the Manukau County, and by 1937 it had become a borough. On 3 September 1965, the Manukau County and Manurewa Borough merged to form Manukau City . In November 2010, all cities and districts of
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3776-496: The Manukau Harbour , and the volcanic scoria of Maungataketake and Puketutu Island was quarried for construction material. South Auckland's demographics rapidly changed from the 1950s to the 1970s. Between the 1940s and 1960s, Māori living in rural areas were encouraged to move to cities by the Māori Affairs Department , in order to create a larger industrial labour force. Urban Māori populations first settled in
3894-490: The Māngere-Ōtāhuhu , Manurewa , Ōtara-Papatoetoe , Papakura local board areas. The term South Auckland was first used in the 1880s, to refer to areas of the southern Auckland Province , such as Cambridge , Ngāruawāhia , Te Awamutu , or Hamilton . The first references to modern South Auckland come from 1962, in discussions for the creation of Manukau City . The term began developing negative connotations in
4012-642: The New Zealand Army . Areas of Papatoetoe and Manurewa were used as military camps for the United States Army . Middlemore Hospital opened in 1947, originally intended to be a temporary military hospital. In the 1950s, Chinese New Zealand gardeners Fay Gock and Joe Gock began cultivating kūmara (sweet potatoes) at their farm beside the Pūkaki Creek, using plants donated to them by their neighbours at Pūkaki Marae. The Gocks developed
4130-739: The Northern Steamship 's base for serving the west coast, including also Āwhitu , Hokianga and Waiuku . By the First World War Onehunga was no longer an important commercial port, this was partly because of a general increase in the size of ships, which meant the Waitematā Harbour was favoured especially as it was wider and deeper. More significant however was the completion of the North Island Main Trunk railway in 1908 – this effectively made
4248-646: The Papakura Stream . Manurewa is at the southern border of the Auckland volcanic field . Two volcanoes are located to the north in Wiri : Matukutūreia (also known as McLaughlins Mountain), which erupted an estimated 48,000 years ago, and Matukutūruru (Wiri Mountain), which erupted an estimated 30,000 years ago. Matukutūruru was quarried, primarily by the New Zealand Railways Corporation . Manurewa has been inhabited since at least
4366-654: The Tāmaki River after himself (Te Wai ō Tāiki) and settled on the eastern shores of the river alongside the descendants of Huiārangi (of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi), including the shores of Te Waiōtara (the Ōtara Creek ). Over time, Ngā Riki emerged as a group who settled between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura , and Ngā Oho was used to describe the people who lived around Papakura. Many of the volcanic features of South Auckland became fortified pā sites for Tāmaki Māori, notably Māngere Mountain , Matukutūruru , Matukutūreia and Pukekiwiriki . There are few pā sites inland from
4484-559: The Waiohua under the rangatira Huakaiwaka. The union lasted for three generations, and was centred around the pā of Maungawhau and later Maungakiekie on the Auckland isthmus . Other Tāmaki Māori groups such as Ngāi Tāhuhu were considered either allies of Waiohua, or hapū within the union. Māngere Mountain / Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Te Ara Pueru was a major pā for the Waiohua , a confederacy of Tāmaki Māori iwi . The mountain complex may have been home to thousands of people, with
4602-604: The Wesleyan Methodist Church established a mission at the foot of Maungataketake , near Ihumātao. The following year, Governor George Grey established the village of Ōtāhuhu . The village was created as a way to protect the township of Auckland, and was settled by retired British soldiers of the Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps . Grey also asked Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (then known as a powerful chief and negotiator, but later
4720-518: The taraire forest at Kirks Bush in Papakura, and areas of the Auckland Botanic Gardens in Manurewa. The Auckland area was an early location visited by many of the Māori migration canoes , including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua , Tainui , Tākitimu , Tokomaru , Te Wakatūwhenua and Moekākara waka. Some of the earliest stories about the region involve Te Tō Waka ,
4838-443: The 13th century. Matukutūreia and Matukutūruru were home to two hilltop pā , collectively known as Matukurua. The names of the mountains commemorate a story of two chiefs. The chief of Matukutūruru ("the bittern standing at ease") was captured while eel fishing. The chief of Matukutūreia ("the vigilant bittern") saved the pā and the people of Matukutūruru. Over 8,000 hectares of stonefield gardens were tended by Tāmaki Māori peoples on
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4956-582: The 1820s, the threat of Ngāpuhi war parties from the north during the Musket Wars caused most of the Tāmaki Makaurau area to become deserted. Ngāti Whatua and Waiohua relocated to the Waikato under the protection of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero . A peace accord between Ngāpuhi and Waikato Tainui was reached through the marriage of Matire Toha, daughter of Ngāpuhi chief Rewa was married to Kati Takiwaru,
5074-485: The 1910s, Between the 1920s and 1940s, significant portions of South Auckland were used for Chinese-owned and operated market gardens. In 1911, the first controlled powered flight in New Zealand took place in Takanini . The flight took place inside a single paddock within the racecourse of the now-defunct Papakura Racing Club. The flight was piloted by Vivian Walsh and was carried out in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane ,
5192-539: The 1950s and 1960s, typically from primarily from Western Samoa (modern-day Samoa), Tonga , the Cook Islands and Niue . By the mid-1970s, gentrification caused many Pasifika communities to relocate away from the central suburbs, moving to areas such as South Auckland. In 1965, Manukau City was formed by the amalgamation of the Manurewa Borough and Manukau County. The new city decided to create
5310-548: The 1970s, with non-residents associating the term with deprivation, crime and violence. From 1989, many organisations began using the term Counties Manukau as an alternative way to describe South Auckland. The name South Auckland is often used imprecisely by the press or politicians, to describe lower socio-economic areas south of the Auckland City Centre . Some areas of the Auckland isthmus occasionally referred to as South Auckland are Onehunga , Penrose , Mount Wellington , and Panmure . Some Howick ward suburbs to
5428-412: The 2010s, Manurewa had developed a significant Pasifika population, and had the highest proportion of Māori residents in the city. Manurewa covers 5.32 km (2.05 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 22,040 as of June 2024, with a population density of 4,158 people per km. Manurewa had a population of 19,236 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,394 people (14.2%) since
5546-510: The 2040s, the Auckland Council plans to create a new regional park on Puketutu Island. Much of the island was quarried in the 1950s, and is slowly being refilled with biosolids. At the end of this process, the quarried peaks will be reformed. South Auckland covers 166.94 km (64.46 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 375,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,248 people per km . South Auckland had
5664-694: The Auckland Region were amalgamated into a single body, governed by the Auckland Council . Manurewa is a part of the Manurewa local board area. The residents of Manurewa elect a local board, and two councillors from the Manurewa-Papakura ward to sit on the Auckland Council . Below is a list of the six people who served as the chairman of the Manurewa Town Board. Below is a list of the six people who served as
5782-497: The First World War it had ceased to be a port of importance. It gained a new role as a shopping and service centre as it was engulfed by the suburban development of Auckland, and was amalgamated with Auckland City in 1989. Onehunga had for a short time Auckland's first zoo . However, the zoological garden that John James Boyd created near today's Royal Oak did not meet with local approval – mainly due to concerns about
5900-644: The Manukau Harbour area was begun from and long focused on Onehunga. When the New Zealand Wars later occurred, it was mostly fought with regular soldiers rather than Fencibles. Naval volunteers based at Onehunga raided Māori territories on the south side of the harbour during the wars. During the Invasion of the Waikato in 1863 many women and children from small European settlements arrived in Onehunga as refugees. The Onehunga Ladies' Benevolent Society
6018-577: The Manukau Harbour to the Waikato River in the south. Tāmaki Māori peoples settled the eastern coastline of the Manukau Harbour as early as the 14th century. Settlements in the area were based on what resources were available seasonally, such as Manukau Harbour fish and shellfish. In the 15th century, Tāmaki Māori people created extensive garden sites at Ihumātao , Wiri and the slopes of Māngere Mountain . These garden sites used Polynesian agricultural techniques and traditions, with
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#17327801724586136-542: The Manukau Harbour, inviting Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson to settle in Auckland, hoping this would protect the land and people living in Tāmaki Makaurau. In the winter of 1840, Ngāti Whātua moved the majority of the iwi to the Waitematā Harbour , with most iwi members resettling to the Remuera - Ōrākei area, closer to the new European settlement at Waihorotiu (modern-day Auckland City Centre ). A smaller Ngāti Whātua presence remained at Māngere-Onehunga. In 1846,
6254-700: The Tāmaki River becoming one of the busiest waterways in New Zealand by the late 1850s. In April 1851, the Tāmaki Bridge was constructed along the Great South Road , spurring growth in the Papatoetoe area. By 1855, the Great South Road was extended as far south as Drury . Coal mining became a major industry in Drury during this time, and in 1862 one of the first tramways in New Zealand
6372-470: The Waitematā Harbour. Until 1908 a steamer from Onehunga was the fastest means of travel from Auckland to Wellington , the capital of the colony (initially the sea journey went all the way, then later it connected to the New Plymouth Express instead). In 1909 a typical coastal freight connection was a steamer from Onehunga to locations such as Raglan , Kawhia and Waitara . Onehunga was
6490-474: The adjoining shops and boarding house. During World War II , parts of Manurewa were used as military camps for United States Army soldiers bound for the Pacific. Manurewa experienced rapid growth in the 1950s and early 1960s after the development of the Auckland Southern Motorway , developing from a semi-rural locality into a suburb of Auckland. Southmall Manurewa , the third American-style mall in Auckland,
6608-424: The area in the latter 19th century along the Great South Road corridor. In 1875, the North Island Main Trunk began operating in South Auckland, linking the South Auckland area to Auckland and the Waikato by train, and leading to development along this corridor. The first Māngere Bridge was opened in 1875, linking Māngere to Onehunga. The township of Woodside in modern-day Wiri dwindled in importance after
6726-659: The biggest and most successful Rugby clubs within the region. They have a large junior section plus and string Golden Oldies Section made up of many past players. They also have associated sports of AFL, Netball & Softball operating within the club. They were originally based at Jellicoe Park in Manurewa and had a club room affectionately known as the "Old Black Shed". They built the new clubrooms at Mountfort Park and moved to this site officially in 1978. Notable current Super 15 Chiefs players Tim Nanai-Williams , Viliami Taulani and Bundee Aki are former Manurewa Rugby Club players. The football (soccer) club Manurewa AFC who play in
6844-583: The chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. The Fairburn Purchase was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. On 20 March 1840, Ngāti Whātua chief Apihai Te Kawau signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Orua Bay on
6962-475: The chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. Fairburn was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. 10,000 acres of the Fairburn purchase was given to James Reddy Clendon in return for land at Russell where
7080-421: The coastal passenger and freight steamship trade on both coasts of the country largely unprofitable. The port does still serve coastal traders and some local fishing, there is also a cement and sand company which maintains facilities at Onehunga. In 1874, the town of Onehunga had 2,044 inhabitants, compared with Wellington's 10,547, reflecting the importance of the smaller port towns during an age when New Zealand
7198-440: The coasts, due to the flat land being unsuitable for fortified sites. The pā is known by the name Te Pā-o-te-tū-tahi-atu, a name that describes the pā as temporary, due to the surrounding flat landscape not being ideal for fortifications. In the early 17th century, the area became a part of the rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki . In the 17th century, three major tribes of Tāmaki Makaurau, Ngā Iwi, Ngā Oho and Ngā Riki, joined to form
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#17327801724587316-412: The daughter of Huatau who was born on Matukutūreia, and Te Ākitai Waiohua . In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau , covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura . The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what
7434-560: The death of paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki , who became the main occupants of the Tāmaki isthmus and Māngere to the north. Ngāti Whātua was significantly smaller than the Waiohua confederation and chose to focus life at Onehunga , Māngere and Ōrākei , meaning that Waiohua were able to re-establish a presence in South Auckland. The Manurewa area has significance for Waiohua iwi, especially Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua , who descent from Te Ata i Rehia,
7552-405: The death of paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki , who became the major occupants of the Tāmaki isthmus and Māngere . Ngāti Whātua was significantly smaller than the Waiohua confederation and chose to focus life at Onehunga , Māngere and Ōrākei . Gradually, the Waiohua people who had sought refuge with their Waikato Tainui relatives to the south, re-established in the South Auckland area, mainly in
7670-434: The east are often called South Auckland, including Flat Bush and East Tāmaki . Towns south of Auckland are also often referred to as South Auckland, including Pukekohe and Waiuku , and occasionally some towns in the northern Waikato Region, such as Pōkeno and Tuakau . South Auckland is an area on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour , and the upper headwaters of the Tāmaki River . Many features of
7788-540: The electric tram route was completed in 1906 and the Tea Rooms situated at the tram terminus, overlooking the harbour were an attraction in their own right. After the Municipal Abattoir was relocated from Freeman's Bay to Westfield and Southdown , Onehunga started to suffer from the toxic discharges the freezing works pumped into the harbour. This effectively put an end to Onehunga's emerging role as
7906-509: The first Māori King ) to settle at Māngere Bridge as a second defensive site, which developed into a Ngāti Mahuta village. Papakura was established in the late 1840s by a small group of settler families. The South Auckland area flourished in the 1850s, when Manukau Harbour and Waikato tribes produced goods to sell or barter at the port of Onehunga , primarily corn, potato, kūmara, pigs, peaches, melons, fish and potatoes. Ōtāhuhu developed as an agricultural centre and trade hub, with
8024-466: The frontier of the Invasion of the Waikato . Manurewa was only sparsely populated in the 1860s and 1870s. The main stop on the Great South Road for coach services was the Raglan Hotel at Woodside (modern-day Wiri ). The Manurewa Highway District was formed in 1867, and in 1875 the first Manurewa railway station opened. The station led to growth in the area; 81 people lived in Manurewa by 1879, and
8142-428: The harbour again. In 2013, a project was underway to restore the Onehunga foreshore, to be connected to the city-side park by a pedestrian and cycle bridge over State Highway 20. A substantial aquifer flows underground beneath Onehunga, fed by rainwater soaking through the lava flows around Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill. Up to 21 million litres of potable water a day is pumped from the Onehunga aquifer and treated in
8260-506: The harbour's mouth. Over the last two million years, the harbour has cycled between periods of being a forested river valley and a flooded harbour, depending on changes in the global sea level . The present harbour formed approximately 8,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum . Historically, much of inland South Auckland was composed of wetlands. Many areas of remnant native bush are found in South Auckland, such as
8378-491: The inner suburbs of Auckland and areas close to factories; often areas with poor housing. To counter overcrowding in the central suburbs, the New Zealand Government undertook large scale state housing developments, creating planned suburbs in Ōtara and Māngere in the 1970s, and adding large areas of state housing around Manurewa and Papatoetoe. Large-scale immigration of Pasifika New Zealanders began in
8496-482: The late 1960s. From 1885, the town became known for its wool industry (several firms maintained factories here including one which produced blankets). This weaving industry saved the area from more serious decline when the shipping trade reduced after 1908. As the centre of the Auckland isthmus became covered by suburban developments the Onehunga foreshore became an attraction for families from Mount Eden, Epsom and One Tree Hill. The beach at Onehunga became popular after
8614-457: The lower slopes of the volcanoes, where crops such as kūmara and bracken fern root were grown. The Manurewa area was settled by Ngā Riki, who were one of the three Tāmaki Māori groups who joined together to form the Waiohua in the 17th and 18th-centuries. During this time, the two pā were home to the Ngāi Huatau hapū of Waiohua , settled by Huatau, daughter of Huakaiwaka. The chief Huarangi
8732-630: The mayor of the Manurewa Borough Council. The first school in Manurewa was the Manurewa Central School , which began as the Woodhill School in Wiri , and was moved in 1906. James Cook High School is a secondary school (years 9–13) with a roll of 1563. Manurewa Intermediate is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with a roll of 933. Greenmeadows Intermediate is an intermediate school (years 7–8) with
8850-490: The most diverse places in New Zealand but also one of the most socio-economically deprived. South Auckland is not a strictly defined area. It primarily refers to the western and central parts of the former Manukau City , which existed between 1989 and 2010, and surrounding areas of Franklin . Major areas of South Auckland include Māngere , Manukau , Manurewa , Ōtāhuhu , Ōtara , Papakura and Papatoetoe . A strict definition sometimes used for South Auckland includes just
8968-433: The mountain acting as a central place for rua (food storage pits). Paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki stayed at Māngere seasonally, when it was the time of year to hunt sharks in the Manukau Harbour. To the south, the twin peaks of Matukutūreia and Matukutūruru were home to the Ngāi Huatau hapū of Waiohua, settled by Huatau, daughter of Huakaiwaka. Around the year 1740, a conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua led to
9086-474: The new capital of New Zealand was established. Clendon never lived or visited the area, but sold 2,000 acres to the Martin brothers, who subdivided the land in the mid-1900s. Much of the Martin brothers' land became modern-day Manurewa. Work on the Great South Road began in 1843, reaching as far south as Drury in 1855. In the early 1860s, Great South Road was used as a military supply route between Auckland and
9204-671: The parts for which were imported from England in 1910 and assembled by members of the Auckland Aeroplane Syndicate. During the 1920s, Papatoetoe and Manurewa became some of the fastest growing areas of Auckland. These were joined by Māngere East , which developed after the opening of the Otahuhu Railway Workshops in the late 1920s. During World War II , the Papakura Military Camp was established as an important base for
9322-640: The portage at Ōtāhuhu , that allowed waka to cross between the east coast and the Manukau Harbour , where only 200 metres of land separated the two. The crossing of the Tainui waka is memorialised in the name of Ngarango Otainui Island in the Māngere Inlet , where the wooden skids used to haul the waka were left after the trip was made, and other waka including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua and Tokomaru all have traditional stories associated with
9440-617: The portage. Portages remained important features Tāmaki Māori. In South Auckland, the Waokauri and Pūkaki portages at Papatoetoe was used to avoid Te Tō Waka, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond . The Papakura portage connected the Manukau Harbour at Papakura in the west to the Wairoa River in the east, likely along the path of the Old Wairoa Road, and Te Pai o Kaiwaka at Waiuku connected
9558-412: The railway opened, slowly being overtaken by neighbouring Manurewa . Much of South Auckland was known for wheat production, until the 1880s when dairy farming became popular. The first local governments in the area, were established in the 1860s in order to better fund roading projects. During the 1890s, the wetlands of South Auckland were a major location for kauri gum digging. Papakura township
9676-790: The same year as, Rainbow's End a theme park in Manukau. Over time, Rainbow's End expanded to become the largest theme park in New Zealand. In the 1989 local government reforms, Manukau, Papatoetoe and Howick in East Auckland amalgamated into the Manukau City, and in 2010 all areas of the Auckland Region were merged into a single unitary body, administered by Auckland Council . By the 2010s, areas of South Auckland such as Papatoetoe had developed as major areas for South Asian communities. Between 2016 and 2020, Ihumātao
9794-467: The shore in the 1970s. This loss of amenity and space was one of the major complaints of local groups during negotiations over further motorway widening connected to the Māngere Bridge duplication. Proponents of a restored beach eventually won a $ 18 million commitment from Transit New Zealand (now NZ Transport Agency ), which was topped up by a further $ 10 million from Auckland City Council . The sum
9912-1066: The smells and crowds. Eleven years after its November 1911 opening, the animals were bought and transferred to the new Auckland Zoo at Western Springs . Although the area was a predominantly working-class suburb for much of the 20th century, it has undergone some gentrification since the 1990s. In recent times, many of the bungalows of the 1920s (along with the earlier villas) have undergone restoration. Secondary schools located conveniently are Onehunga High School , One Tree Hill College and Marcellin College . Some boys also attend St Peter's College . Onehunga had its own local government authority, Onehunga Borough Council, which started in 1877. It merged into Auckland City Council in 1989. All of Auckland's councils amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. Onehunga comprises four statistical areas. Onehunga West, North and Central are primarily residential/commercial. Onehunga-Te Papapa Industrial
10030-636: The south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato . Small numbers of people remained, in order to tend to their farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation). Most Māori occupants of the area felt they had no choice due to their strong ties to Tainui and Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, and were forced to flee to the south. While fleeing, Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini and his family were captured by his former neighbour, Lieutenant-Colonel Marmaduke Nixon , and taken prisoner on Rakino Island , where Ihaka Takanini died. During
10148-412: The stone walls acting acted as boundaries, windbreaks and drainage systems for the crops grown in the area, which included kūmara (sweet potato), hue ( calabash gourds ), taro , uwhi (ube yam), tī pore (Pacific cabbage tree) and aute (the paper mulberry tree). The environment-modifying techniques used in the Ōtuataua Stonefields allowed early Tāmaki Māori to propagate crops which were not suited to
10266-527: The through traffic away from the Onehunga and Mangere Bridge. In 1973, Queen St was closed to through traffic, and on 2 April 1973 was renamed Onehunga Mall and reopened as a pedestrian shopping precinct. In 1996, Onehunga Mall was reopened to traffic. Until 1956, a tram line ran all the way from the Auckland CBD to Onehunga. Also in Jellicoe Park is a collection of buildings illustrating
10384-521: The war, many stockades and redoubts were constructed by the Crown troops. This included St John's Redoubt on Great South Road , constructed in order to secure the supply line for troops and in operation until 1864. Early skirmishes between the Crown and Kīngitanga forces happened in the forested land around Drury and Pukekohe areas, including the Defence of Pukekohe East in September 1863. After
10502-513: The war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato , including Waiohua land in South Auckland. The former residents of the Manukau Harbour began returning to the area in 1866, with the Native Compensation Court returning small portions of land in 1867. Most land was kept by the crown as reserves, or sold on to British immigrant farmers. Small farming communities such as began developing in
10620-478: The younger brother of Tainui chief Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , who settled together on the slopes of Māngere Mountain. Ngāti Whātua returned to the Māngere-Onehunga area by the mid-1830s, re-establishing a pā on Māngere Mountain called Whakarongo. During the 1840s, Waiohua descendant tribes returned to their papakāinga (settlements) at Ihumātao, Pūkaki , Papahīnau, Waimāhia and Te Aparangi . Māngere-Onehunga
10738-455: Was Paerata Rise north of Pukekohe, joined by Auranga , an area of coastal Karaka . A major development is planned for the Drury- Ōpaheke area, to be developed in stages from the 2020s through to the 2050s. Three new train stations will be constructed in the area between Papakura and Pukekohe. In the 2010s, a light rail line was proposed to link the Auckland City Centre to Māngere. In
10856-544: Was $ 23,700, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 150 people (6.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,065 (48.1%) people were employed full-time, 225 (10.2%) were part-time, and 138 (6.2%) were unemployed. The Manurewa Rugby Football Club is based at Mountfort Park Manurewa. They were founded in 1921 and now play within the Counties Manukau Rugby Union Club competition and are one of
10974-603: Was $ 38,300, compared with $ 31,800 nationally. 141 people (18.7%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 441 (58.3%) people were employed full-time, 72 (9.5%) were part-time, and 42 (5.6%) were unemployed. Onehunga's shore is heavily modified by human use. The old volcanic basin that used to link to the Manukau Harbour was filled in, with shorelines reclaimed and straightened for human use ( Port of Onehunga , industrial uses and sports fields). The New Zealand State Highway 20 extension further disrupted Onehunga's connection to
11092-564: Was 34.9, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 27.3% had no religion, 46.3% were Christian , 3.8% had Māori religious beliefs , 6.7% were Hindu , 2.4% were Muslim , 1.4% were Buddhist and 6.4% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 1,494 (10.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,153 (22.4%) people had no formal qualifications. 891 people (6.3%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
11210-467: Was 35.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 30.9% had no religion, 42.7% were Christian , 2.8% had Māori religious beliefs , 8.0% were Hindu , 1.7% were Muslim , 2.1% were Buddhist and 6.9% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 234 (10.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 534 (24.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
11328-567: Was 37.7, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 43.9% had no religion, 39.1% were Christian , 0.5% had Māori religious beliefs , 5.2% were Hindu , 2.2% were Muslim , 1.8% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 3,324 (37.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 1,041 (11.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 2,166 people (24.4%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
11446-571: Was 38.5, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 25.3% had no religion, 48.6% were Christian , 2.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 8.0% were Hindu , 3.6% were Muslim , 1.5% were Buddhist and 5.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 34,152 (14.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 49,143 (20.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 23,367 people (9.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
11564-466: Was 44.8, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 41.0% had no religion, 41.0% were Christian , 0.3% had Māori religious beliefs , 4.8% were Hindu , 3.4% were Muslim , 2.8% were Buddhist and 2.1% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 210 (27.8%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 96 (12.7%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income
11682-653: Was adjacent to the large Ardmore Gumfield (also known as the Papakura Gumfield), which stretched from Manurewa to Clevedon . By the 1900s, Auckland gumfields and swamps began being converted into farmland and orchards. In 1890, the Māori King, Tāwhiao , had a residence constructed for his family members at Māngere Bridge, where members of the family including Mahuta Tāwhiao , Tumate Mahuta and Tonga Mahuta stayed while attending schools in Auckland. The first Chinese New Zealanders arrived in South Auckland in
11800-422: Was based at Matukutūruru with his wife Takawai of Ngāi Tahuhu. After her death, he married Kohe, a high ranking woman from Ngāti Pāoa , a union that was widely disapproved by the hapū. This dissent eventually led to a division in the family, with the children of Takawai settling at Matukutūruru, and Huarangi moving with Kohe to Matukutūreia. Around the year 1740, a conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua led to
11918-482: Was booming, but internal transport links were still rudimentary. In 1876, Onehunga was declared a borough with a mayor and 16 councillors. From 1883, until around 1903 when it was partially demolished, the Onehunga Ironworks was situated in the town. It operated until around 1895. The ironworks was located opposite the original Onehunga railway station . Its chimney and some structures survived into
12036-408: Was close to one of the richest areas of the Auckland isthmus, and saw many battles between Māori groups in pre-European times. In the late 1830s, before Europeans arrived in larger numbers in the area, it was the main settlement for Ngāti Whātua , who had moved back to the northern shore of the Manukau Harbour after retreating to the Waikato during the Musket Wars . The European village of Onehunga
12154-610: Was constructed to transport coal from the mine to the Manukau Harbour. In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, due to fears of potential invasion of Waikato Tainui . On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for
12272-477: Was employed as the teacher. St Anne's Catholic School is a state-integrated full primary school (years 1–8) with a roll of 537. Notable alumni includes libertarian politician Stephen Berry . Manukau Christian School is a private composite school (years 1–13) with a roll of 286. All these schools are coeducational. Rolls are as of August 2024. South Auckland South Auckland ( Māori : Te Tonga o Tāmaki Makaurau or Māori : Tāmaki ki te Tonga )
12390-547: Was formed to care for the refugees. It was the oldest surviving women's organisation in New Zealand at the time of its deregistration in 2017. During the 19th century most shipping between New Zealand and Great Britain came to Onehunga, via South Africa and Australia. While some shipping entered the Waitematā Harbour and docked at Auckland, much of it entered the Manukau Heads and docked at Onehunga, thus saving several days sailing around North Cape. The Manukau Harbour
12508-459: Was founded as a Fencible settlement by Governor Grey . The Fencibles were former soldiers, many of them Irish, who were granted land to settle on, with the implied understanding that if Māori threatened the Auckland isthmus, they would defend it. Onehunga was the first village for Fencibles in New Zealand. Grey chose the site in 1846 and the Fencibles arrived in 1847. European settlement of
12626-405: Was later contradicted. He said that the name was actually Oneunga ( Oneūnga in modern orthography), meaning one (beach or sand) ūnga (landing), in reference to canoes being drawn up there. He also said that Onehunga meant "friable" or "pulverous soil" and that this was "a very correct name". The New Zealand Geographic Board approved Onehunga as the official name in 2019. Onehunga
12744-479: Was occupied by protesters, who were concerned at the construction of a housing development on the archaeological site, and called for the land to be returned to mana whenua . In late 2020, the New Zealand Government purchased the site, with no decision being made on the future of the land. Areas south of Papakura began developing into new suburban housing in the late 2010s. The first of these
12862-490: Was opened in 1967. The mall was initially very successful, but struggled from October 1976 onwards after the opening of the Manukau Shopping Centre . By the 1970s, Manurewa East and Weymouth had developed as suburban areas, and after the construction of Manukau Central in the 1980s, Manurewa became connected to the urban sprawl of Auckland. In 1982, the Auckland Botanic Gardens opened in Manurewa. By
12980-565: Was opened, Southmall Manurewa . In 1960, the Manukau Sewage Purification Works (now Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant) was opened in the Manukau Harbour, using algae-based oxidation ponds, around Puketutu Island . A new purpose-built Auckland Airport was opened in Māngere 1966 to replace the dual commercial and military airport at Whenuapai . The construction of the airport led to significant reclamation of
13098-461: Was primarily farmland until the mid-20th century, when the construction of the Auckland Southern Motorway led to major suburban development, and the establishing of Manukau City , which was later amalgamated into Auckland. Large-scale state housing areas were constructed in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to significant Urban Māori and Pasifika communities developing in the area. The presence of 165 different ethnicities makes South Auckland one of
13216-506: Was promoted as a commuter suburb for Auckland in the early 1920s. Local farmer Charles Henry Lupton was instrumental in developing the Manurewa community, serving on the town board, school and church committees, and became known as "The Father of Manurewa". By 1937, the population of Manurewa had increased to over 1,500 people, allowing Manurewa to become a borough. In 1939, a fire destroyed the Manurewa Picture Theatre, and
13334-511: Was that 120,102 (50.6%) people were employed full-time, 26,430 (11.1%) were part-time, and 14,052 (5.9%) were unemployed. $ 24,700 $ 25,900 $ 27,400 Onehunga Onehunga is a suburb of Auckland in New Zealand and the location of the Port of Onehunga , the city's small port on the Manukau Harbour . It is eight kilometres (five miles) south of the city centre , close to the volcanic cone of Maungakiekie / One Tree Hill . Onehunga
13452-475: Was that 5,142 (57.8%) people were employed full-time, 1,143 (12.8%) were part-time, and 333 (3.7%) were unemployed. Onehunga-Te Papapa Industrial covers 3.03 km (1.17 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1,310 as of June 2024, with a population density of 432 people per km . Before the 2023 census, the industrial area had a smaller boundary, covering 2.94 km (1.14 sq mi). Using that boundary, Onehunga-Te Papapa Industrial had
13570-399: Was that 6,927 (49.2%) people were employed full-time, 1,515 (10.8%) were part-time, and 996 (7.1%) were unemployed. Manurewa East covers 0.83 km (0.32 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 3,440 as of June 2024, with a population density of 4,145 people per km. Manurewa East had a population of 2,907 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 402 people (16.0%) since
13688-611: Was the kite that flew the highest. His brother Tamapahure caused the chord of Tamapahore's kite to break. Tamapahore left the area in search of his valuable kite, eventually finding it at Whenuakite on the Coromandel Peninsula . Manurewa is located in South Auckland , inland from the south-eastern Manukau Harbour , north of the Pahurehure Inlet . Manurewa is south of the Puhinui Creek , and north of
13806-405: Was the main residence of Auckland-based Ngāti Whātua until the 1840s. In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau , covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura . The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what
13924-470: Was treacherous however (as evidenced by the sinking of HMS Orpheus in 1863, killing 180 people) but the coastal Steamship lines carried virtually all passenger and freight trade between Auckland and Wellington via Wanganui and Onehunga. Onehunga was also the main route to and from the south, as most shipping routes were shorter via the western coast of the North Island than around the east coast to
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