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26-545: The genesis of the term “Manurhin” is Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin founded in 1919 by Julius Spengler (Frenchified by him to Jules Spengler). The trademark was originally held by an earlier designer and manufacturer of the revolver. It now manufactures only military munitions. Manurhin, officially known as Manufacture de Machines du Haut-Rhin , in Haut-Rhin , France started by manufacturing Walther PP , PPK , and PPK/S model pistols in 1952. The guns were imported into

52-747: A vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798, it became a part of France in the Treaty of Mulhouse signed on 28 January 1798, during the Directory period of the French Revolution . Starting in the middle of the eighteenth century, the Koechlin family pioneered cotton cloth manufacturing; Mulhouse became one of France's leading textile centers in the nineteenth century. André Koechlin (1789–1875) built machinery and started making railroad equipment in 1842. The firm in 1839 already employed 1,800 people. It

78-458: Is 350 km (217 mi) from Milan and about 340 km (211 mi) from Frankfurt . It is close to Basel, Switzerland and Freiburg , Germany. It shares the EuroAirport international airport with these two cities. Medieval Mulhouse consists essentially of a lower and an upper town. Mulhouse's climate is temperate oceanic ( Köppen : Cfb), but its location further away from

104-828: Is a French city of the European Collectivity of Alsace ( Haut-Rhin department, in the Grand Est region of France). It is near the France–Switzerland border and France–Germany border . It is the largest city in Haut-Rhin and second largest in Alsace after Strasbourg . Mulhouse is known for its museums, especially the Cité de l'Automobile (also known as the Musée national de l'automobile , 'National Museum of

130-422: Is a commune with a population of 108,312 in 2019. This commune is part of an urban unit also named Mulhouse with 247,065 inhabitants in 2018. Additionally Mulhouse commune is the principal commune of the 39 communes which make up the communauté d'agglomération of Mulhouse Alsace Agglomération (m2A, population 280,000 in 2020). Mulhouse commune is a subprefecture , the administrative centre of

156-791: Is one of the richest French départements . Mulhouse is the home of the Stellantis Mulhouse Plant automobile factory, where the Peugeot 2008 and Peugeot 508 are currently built. The lowest unemployment rate in France can be found in the Southern Sundgau region (approximately 2%). The countryside is marked by hills. Many Haut-Rhinois work in Switzerland, especially in the chemical industries of Basel , but commute from France where living costs are lower. However,

182-432: Is provided by Soléa and comprises a network of buses together with the city's tram network , which opened on 13 May 2006. The tramway now consists of three tram lines and one tram-train line. Motorway A36 is the main axis connecting the city with the west of the country, to cities such as Dijon , Paris and Lyon . The A35 is the main north–south axis, connecting cities such as Strasbourg and Basel . Mulhouse

208-607: The Arrondissement of Mulhouse . It is one of the most populated sub-prefectures in France . In 58 BC a battle took place west of Mulhouse and opposed the Roman army of Julius Caesar by a coalition of Germanic people led by Ariovistus . The first written records of the town date from the twelfth century. It was part of the southern Alsatian county of Sundgau in the Holy Roman Empire . From 1354 to 1515, Mulhouse

234-472: The European Collectivity of Alsace . Haut-Rhin is one of the original 83 départements, created during the French Revolution , on 4 March 1790 through the application of the law of 22 December 1789 in respect of the southern half of the province of Alsace (Haute-Alsace). Its boundaries have been modified many times: Haut-Rhin is bordered by the Territoire de Belfort and Vosges départements and

260-657: The National Police 's RAID ) that Manurhin acquired its notoriety. In 1998, Chapuis Armes purchased Manurhin, and began manufacturing new revolvers at the new Manufacture d. Armes de tir Chapuis facility located in Saint Bonnet Le Chateau, France, using the original Manurhin Equipment 1972–1998, located in Mulhouse, France. Former models Current models Starting in 1952 Manhurin produced

286-764: The Vosges Mountains to the west, the Bas-Rhin département to the North, Switzerland to the south and its eastern border with Germany is also the Rhine . In the centre of the département lies a fertile plain. The climate is semi-continental. The department consists of the following arrondissements : The most populous commune is Mulhouse ; the prefecture Colmar is the second-most populous. As of 2021, there are 11 communes with more than 10,000 inhabitants: Population development between 1801 and 2016: Haut-Rhin

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312-737: The Automobile') and the Cité du Train (also known as Musée Français du Chemin de Fer , 'French Museum of the Railway'), respectively the largest automobile and railway museums in the world. An industrial town nicknamed "the French Manchester ", Mulhouse is also the main seat of the Upper Alsace University , where the secretariat of the European Physical Society is found. Mulhouse

338-825: The German DKW Hobby scooter by incorporating locally made components and rebranding it as the Manurhin MR75 in Europe and the Concord in the UK. According to Bonhams the MR 75 “was constructed to a high standard and must have been one of the first motorcycles to be painted electrostatically, a process commonly known as ‘powder coating’. When DKW ceased production of the Hobby, Manurhin continued with its version, which in 1957 had

364-602: The US from 1953 by Tholson Co. and from 1956 by Interarms . In 1984, Manurhin imported their new models directly; they were marked Manurhin on the left front slide assembly. This differs from the previous Walther stamped guns. No Interarms logo appears on the right side. It is through its production of its revolvers (notably the Manurhin MR 73 used at the time by French National Gendarmerie , as well as for its offensive role and use by French police tactical units such as GIGN and

390-475: The absence of any formal separation between church and state : several mainstream denominations of the Christian church benefit from state funding, in contrast to principles applied in the rest of France. Mulhouse Mulhouse ( pronounced [myluz] ; Alsatian : Mìlhüsa [mɪlˈhyːsa] ; German: Mülhausen [myːlˈhaʊzn̩] , meaning " mill house")

416-426: The former administrative Alsace region, the other being the Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine). Especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as Territoire de Belfort , although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France . It had a population of 767,083 in 2021. On 1 January 2021, the départemental collectivities of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin were merged into

442-401: The ocean gives the city colder winters with some snow, and often hot and humid summers, in comparison with the rest of France. The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Mulhouse proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Mulhouse absorbed the former commune of Dornach in 1914 and Bourtzwiller in 1947. As early as the mid-19th century, Mulhouse

468-733: The region does have some of France's worst socio-economic inequalities; Mulhouse has long been one of France's poorest major cities. Alsace and the adjacent Moselle department have a legal system slightly different from the rest of France. The statutes in question date from the period 1871–1919 when the area was part of the German Empire . With the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, Paris accepted that Alsace and Moselle should retain some local laws in respect of certain matters, especially with regard to hunting, economic life, local government relationships, health insurance and social rights. It includes notably

494-501: The region to France under the Treaty of Versailles . After the Battle of France in 1940, it was occupied by German forces until its return to French control at the end of World War II in May 1945. The town's development was stimulated first by the expansion of the textile industry and tanning , and subsequently by chemical and Engineering industries from the mid 18th century. Mulhouse

520-505: The start of World War I , but they were forced to withdraw two days later in the Battle of Mulhouse . French forces then reoccupied the city again on 19 August, before retreating again on 28 August having suffered heavy casualties. Alsatians who celebrated the appearance of the French army were left to face German reprisals, with several citizens sentenced to death. After World War I ended in 1918, French troops entered Alsace, and Germany ceded

546-455: The third highest sales for European scooters behind Lambretta and Vespa.” Haut-Rhin Haut-Rhin ( French pronunciation: [oʁɛ̃] ) is a département in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland . It is named after the river Rhine . Its name means Upper Rhine . Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of

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572-756: The town. Gare de Mulhouse is well connected with the rest of France by train, including major destinations such as Paris, Dijon , Besançon , Belfort , Strasbourg , Lyon , Marseille , Montpellier and Lille . Some trains operate to destinations in Switzerland , in particular proximity Basel , Bern and Zürich . There is also a train service to Frankfurt am Main in Germany, and a Eurocity service that connects Brussels , Luxembourg , Strasbourg and Basel calls at Mulhouse. Regional services connect Mulhouse to Colmar , Strasbourg, Basel, Belfort , Kruth and Freiburg im Breisgau . Transport within Mulhouse

598-574: Was for a long time called the French Manchester . Consequently, the town has enduring links with Louisiana , from which it imported cotton, and also with the Levant . The town's history also explains why its centre is relatively small. Two rivers run through Mulhouse, the Doller and the Ill , both tributaries of the Rhine . Mulhouse is approximately 100 kilometres (62 miles) from Strasbourg and Zürich ; it

624-522: Was known as "the industrial capital of Alsace", the "city with a hundred chimneys" ( cité aux cent cheminées ) and "the French Manchester". Between 1909 and 1914 there was an aircraft manufacturer, Aviatik , in Mulhouse. The École nationale supérieure de chimie de Mulhouse , the first school of Chemistry in France, is located in the city. Mulhouse is served by EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg , located 25 km (16 mi) south of

650-581: Was one of the six large French locomotive constructors until the merger with Elsässische Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Grafenstaden in 1872, when the company became Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques . After the Prussian victory in the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), Mulhouse was annexed to the German Empire as part of the territory of Alsace-Lorraine (1871–1918). The city was briefly occupied by French troops on 8 August 1914 at

676-788: Was part of the Zehnstädtebund , an association of ten Free Imperial Cities in Alsace. The city joined the Swiss Confederation as an associate in 1515 and was therefore not annexed by France in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 like the rest of the Sundgau. An enclave in Alsace, it was a free and independent Calvinist republic, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen , associated with the Swiss Confederation until, after

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