Misplaced Pages

#528471

62-493: The Manx Northern Railway (MNR) was the second common carrier railway built in the Isle of Man . It was a steam railway between St John's and Ramsey . It operated as an independent concern only from 1879 to 1905. When the people in the town of Ramsey realised their town was not going to be incorporated into the newly promoted Isle of Man Railway (IOMR) network in the 1870s it was left to them to promote their own railway as

124-567: A Tynwald committee, the Isle of Man Railway (IMR) took over all operations on the Manx Northern Railway including the Foxdale line on 26 February 1904  ( 1904-02-26 ) . The IMR was then authorised to purchase both the Manx Northern Railway and the Foxdale line a few months later on 19 April 1905  ( 1905-04-19 ) . The last lead mine in the area closed in 1911 and from then on only spoil trains and

186-494: A public carrier in British English ) is distinguished from a contract carrier, which is a carrier that transports goods for only a certain number of clients and that can refuse to transport goods for anyone else, and from a private carrier . A common carrier holds itself out to provide service to the general public without discrimination (to meet the needs of the regulator's quasi-judicial role of impartiality toward

248-672: A "residual common carrier obligation", unless otherwise transferred (such as in the case of a commuter rail system, where the authority operating passenger trains may acquire the property but not this obligation from the former owner), and must operate the line if service is terminated. In contrast, private carriers are not licensed to offer a service to the public. Private carriers generally provide transport on an irregular or ad hoc basis for their owners. Carriers were very common in rural areas prior to motorised transport. Regular services by horse-drawn vehicles would ply to local towns, taking goods to market or bringing back purchases for

310-546: A common carrier. The term common carrier is a common law term and is seldom used in Continental Europe because it has no exact equivalent in civil-law systems. In Continental Europe, the functional equivalent of a common carrier is referred to as a public carrier or simply as a carrier . However, public carrier in Continental Europe is different from public carrier in British English in which it

372-408: A common carrier. An important legal requirement for common carrier as public provider is that it cannot discriminate, that is refuse the service unless there is some compelling reason. As of 2007, the status of Internet service providers as common carriers and their rights and responsibilities is widely debated ( network neutrality ). The term common carrier does not exist in continental Europe but

434-683: A design similar to those used on the Isle of Man Railway. Given the number 3 and named Thornhill , it was built alongside the IOMR’s engine number 7 – Tynwald – in Beyer, Peacock’s Manchester works. In 1885 it was realised that a much more powerful locomotive was required for working the mineral traffic on the Foxdale Railway. This time they turned to Dübs & Company , Glasgow for an 0-6-0 tank locomotive. This powerful engine, numbered 4, bore

496-492: A link with the rest of the island. The rugged geography of the east coast forced the Manx Northern Railway into an indirect route: first westwards to Kirk Michael and then south to St John's where a junction could be made with the Isle of Man Railway's Peel to Douglas line which opened in 1873. Built to a common Manx gauge , a 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge , construction began in 1878 and

558-449: A number of level crossing lodges at Orrisdale (No.1 & No.2) , West Berk and Ballavolley . Several under and over bridges also remain as the trackbed now forms a footpath and bridleway. Of the locomotives, No.3 Thornhill is in private preservation in the north of the island having been purchased in 1978 and removed from the railway; M.N.Ry. No.4 Caledonia was returned service in 1995 and remains in sporadic service, commonly on

620-444: A provision excluding liability. Grand Trunk Railway Co of Canada v Robinson [1915] A.C. 740 was followed and Peek v North Staffordshire Railway 11 E.R. 1109 was distinguished. Foxdale Railway 54°12′04″N 4°38′20″W  /  54.201°N 4.639°W  / 54.201; -4.639 The Foxdale Railway was a 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge branch line which ran from St. John's to Foxdale in

682-444: A recreation Foxdale Line train during the railway's annual events periods each summer. There were initial proposals for a second locomotive to the same design as Caledonia , to have been named Atlas in conjunction with a proposed extension south but owing to the fortunes of the line this never came to fruition. Goods stock was commonly used on the line, these being from both the Manx Northern Railway and later, after amalgamation,

SECTION 10

#1732798602529

744-640: A siding at St John's station in the open air. Download coordinates as: Download coordinates as: A separate undertaking, the Foxdale Railway , was promoted by the MNR and worked by them from opening in 1886. This line branched southwards from St John's and allowed lead and silver ores from the mines at Foxdale to be delivered directly to the dock side in Ramsey. It operated between 188 and 1940 though stock movements were recorded as late and 1960,

806-451: A smaller gauge tramway operated by the nearby quarry from which tipper wagons were loaded from a high wall into open wagons; remnants of the high wall remain today. Two 2-4-0 side tank locomotives were ordered from Sharp, Stewart & Company for the opening of the line. Numbered 1 and 2, they were named Ramsey and Northern respectively. In 1880, the MNR acquired a third locomotive from Beyer, Peacock & Company , Manchester to

868-492: Is a synonym for contract carrier. Although common carriers generally transport people or goods , in the United States the term may also refer to telecommunications service providers and public utilities . In certain U.S. states , amusement parks that operate roller coasters and comparable rides have been found to be common carriers; a famous example is Disneyland . Regulatory bodies may also grant carriers

930-485: Is buried underneath a bank of hardcore from the mines. Foxdale may have the distinction of being the station on the Island's closed network which has most of its original station trackwork surviving. For several years after trains ceased the area was surrounded with mines "deads" leading it to gain the nickname "the back of the moon". The Manx Northern Railway purchased a more powerful locomotive to work goods services over

992-563: Is distinctive to common law systems, particularly law systems in the US. In Ludditt v Ginger Coote Airways the Privy Council (Lord Macmillan, Lord Wright, Lord Porter and Lord Simonds) held the liability of a public or common carrier of passengers is only to carry with due care. This is more limited than that of a common carrier of goods. The complete freedom of a carrier of passengers at common law to make such contracts as he thinks fit

1054-478: The Foxdale Mines’ Captain . To celebrate the centenary of the Manx Northern Railway in 1979, the coach was restored to its original livery. which it carried until 2001 when it reverted to the standard livery of red and cream. It remains in regular service today. Almost all of the original non-passenger stock was lost, with only one closed van surviving today (Gr.12) which was rebuilt in 2001. Today, many of

1116-476: The Hague-Visby Rules , escape liability on other grounds than the above-mentioned, e.g. a sea carrier is not liable for damages to the goods if the damage is the result of a fire on board the ship or the result of a navigational error committed by the ship's master or other crewmember. Carriers typically incorporate further exceptions into a contract of carriage , often specifically claiming not to be

1178-482: The Isle of Man . The line ran 2 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (3.6 km) from an end-on junction with the Manx Northern Railway west of St. John's, then passed to the north of the Isle of Man Railway station before curving south and crossing the IMR's line from Douglas via an overbridge (the only place where railway crossed railway in the Isle of Man unless one counts the 19-inch gauge Great Laxey Mine Railway tunnel under

1240-403: The Isle of Man Railway . After the merger the familiar Beyer Peacock locomotives of the Isle of Man Railway also served the line with photographic references showing No.1 Sutherland , No.4 Loch , No.5 Mona , No.6 Peveril , No.7 Tynwald and No.8 Fenella all at work on the line, leading to a theory that only the smaller locomotives were used on the branch as well as occasionally

1302-408: The Manx Northern Railway abandoned this and built a new platform and station building on the alignment of the Foxdale Railway more closely adjacent to the IMR station. Foxdale line trains used this facility until 1927, after which trains reversed in and out of the IMR station. Upon the opening of the railway, the Manx Northern Railway ran some services from Ramsey to Foxdale, but passenger traffic on

SECTION 20

#1732798602529

1364-450: The Manx Northern Railway were closely tied to the Foxdale line due to the terms of the lease being favourable to the smaller concern. Much of the Manx Northern Railway 's freight revenue originated in Foxdale, with loaded wagons of lead being transported to the harbour in Ramsey and coal and mine supplies ferried back to the mines. The Manx Northern Railway operated the line on behalf of the liquidators until, following an investigation by

1426-632: The Ultimate Driving Experience days and dining services, whilst the first two locomotives built by Sharp, Stewart & Company , M.N.Ry. No.1 Ramsey and M.N.Ry. No.2 Northern did not survive. A similar replica locomotive exists on the Southwold Railway named Blyth though this example is notably smaller than its Manx descendents. Several of the unusual six-wheeled carriages survive with one accompanying M.N.Ry. No.3 Thornhill in private ownership and two on

1488-420: The village . If space permitted, passengers could also travel. Cases have also established limitations to the common carrier designation. In a case concerning a hot air balloon , Grotheer v. Escape Adventures, Inc. , the court affirmed a hot air balloon was not a common carrier, holding the key inquiry in determining whether or not a transporter can be classified as a common carrier is whether passengers expect

1550-430: The "public convenience and necessity." A contract carrier may be authorized to provide service over either fixed routes and schedules, i.e., as regular route carrier or on an ad hoc basis as an irregular route carrier. It should be mentioned that the carrier refers only to the person ( legal or physical ) that enters into a contract of carriage with the shipper. The carrier does not necessarily have to own or even be in

1612-488: The "s" depending on timetable issues), was served only by a small shelter and was briefly fitting with a siding. There were also at one early time plans to extend the line to join with the Isle of Man Railway 's Port Erin line at Ballasalla Station , but these came to nothing, plans were however drawn up for this arduous route. At Foxdale the line was extended beyond the limits to serve the mine workings with temporary track, notably for use transporting spoils for use in creating

1674-633: The Act refers to as "open video systems". The Act generally bars, with certain exceptions including most rural areas, acquisitions by telephone companies of more than a 10 percent interest in cable operators (and vice versa) and joint ventures between telephone companies and cable systems serving the same areas. Using provisions of the Communications Act of 1934 , the FCC classified Internet service providers as common carriers, effective June 12, 2015, for

1736-807: The FCC voted 3–2 to reinstate net neutrality in the United States by reclassifying the Internet under Title II. However, legal challenges filed by ISPs resulted in an appeals court order that stays the net neutrality rules until the court makes a final ruling, with the court opining that the ISPs are likely to prevail over the FCC on the merits. In the United States, many oil, gas and CO 2 pipelines are common carriers. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) regulates rates charged and other tariff terms imposed by interstate common carrier pipelines. Intrastate common carrier pipeline tariffs are often regulated by state agencies. The US and many states have delegated

1798-577: The Manx Electric Railway) to the east of the station. The line had a fairly constant incline through Waterfall(s) Halt , the only intermediate station, to the terminus in Upper Foxdale. The tracks extended beyond Foxdale into the mine workings area. Download coordinates as: The terminus structures were identical and both survive today; the diminutive mid-way request stop, named either "Waterfall" or "Waterfalls" (with or without

1860-542: The Manx Northern Railway ordered fourteen six-wheeled coaches built to the Cleminson system , a first on the island and using a complex system of six-wheeled arrangement whereby the middle set were not fixed. This arrangement allowed the outer wheels to pivot and the centre pair to slide from side to side, thus allowing the coaches to negotiate tight curves more easily than a rigid wheelbase. Expensively constructed, they proved to be troublesome in traffic, so much so that after

1922-474: The Royal Air Force base at Andreas in 1940. The railway had a lucrative contract for providing these spoils and it proved to be the last purposeful work carried out on the line, spoils being taken for onward travel along the north line to be used in runway construction. The railway initially used the Manx Northern Railway station at St. John's, situated to the west of the IMR station. Later, in 1886,

Manx Northern Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

1984-538: The amalgamation with the Isle of Man Railway Company they saw little further service, occasionally being used for school traffic. A number of examples survive in preservation (see below). For the Foxdale branch a special bogie coach with enhanced braking capabilities was constructed by the Oldbury Carriage & Wagon Company in 1886. It was a composite coach with a guard’s compartment, three third class compartments and one first class compartment specially for

2046-409: The authority to operate under contract with their customers instead of under common carrier authority, rates, schedules and rules. These regulated carriers, known as contract carriers, must demonstrate that they are "fit, willing and able" to provide service, according to standards enforced by the regulator. However, contract carriers are specifically not required to demonstrate that they will operate for

2108-442: The branch and its steep gradients which was given the name Caledonia owing to the company chairman's Scottish ancestry. It was the only locomotive purchased for the line and remains extant and operational on the remaining south line of the railway today. Similarly, only one carriage was purchased, the unique Foxdale Coach which too is a remarkable survivor and remains in use on the railway today. The two are often paired to make

2170-453: The bridging of Glen Wyllin (at Kirk Michael ) and the nearby Glen Mooar. An embankment high on the cliffs south of Glen Mooar, the "Donkey Bank", was an unending maintenance problem and a drain upon the line's profitability. To try to stabilise the track, this section was the only part of the Manx railways to have its rails mounted in chairs. The rest of the system had the rails directly spiked to

2232-413: The goods on a means of transport is referred to as the "actual carrier". When a carrier subcontracts with another provider, such as an independent contractor or a third-party carrier, the common carrier is said to be providing "substituted service". The same person may hold both common carrier and contract carrier authority. In the case of a rail line in the US, the owner of the property is said to retain

2294-430: The infrequent passenger and general goods services used the line. From 3 June 1912  ( 1912-06-03 ) , tickets were no longer sold at Foxdale Station , the station building being converted into a private dwelling during the 1920s. The last regular passenger train worked the branch in 1940, after which the service was replaced by buses. The line saw troop specials during World War II as well as spoil trains and

2356-517: The judicial 1982 AT&T consent decree (often referred to as the Modification of Final Judgment ) that effectuated the breakup of AT&T's Bell System . Further, the Act gives telephone companies the option of providing video programming on a common carrier basis or as a conventional cable television operator. If it chooses the former, the telephone company will face less regulation but will also have to comply with FCC regulations requiring what

2418-502: The lead mining workings around the village of Foxdale . The company had close ties to the Manx Northern Railway (MNR), many of whose directors were also on the board of the smaller company. The line was leased from the outset by the Manx Northern Railway . Shortly after the line had opened, the lead mining industry started to decline and in July ;1891  ( 1891-07 ) the Foxdale company went into liquidation . The fortunes of

2480-594: The line is extant; it was used as a youth club for local children for a number of years before becoming the home of the Foxdale Heritage Centre; it also served for a period as the headquarters of the Manx Flux Co., Ltd. The stanchions of the former viaduct remain and there are still some rails visible in the road at the outer terminus. The famous "scissors" crossing behind the station is still said to be in situ, although unknown to most people as it

2542-553: The line was always light and these services gave way to local shuttles between St. John's and Foxdale. Latterly, passenger services consisted of a loco and one coach. The coach used was specifically made for the branch and survives today (see The Foxdale Coach ). The line was officially opened by the Foxdale Railway Company Ltd. (registered on 16 November 1882  ( 1882-11-16 ) ) on 16 August 1886  ( 1886-08-16 ) allowing rail access to

Manx Northern Railway - Misplaced Pages Continue

2604-443: The line was lifted by 1965. The Milntown Railway ( 54°19′16″N 4°22′55″W  /  54.321°N 4.382°W  / 54.321; -4.382 ) was a short 3 ft ( 914 mm ) narrow gauge spur off the ex-Manx Northern line just south of the terminus at Ramsey, Isle of Man . It was constructed only in the final year of operation for the purposes of transporting fuel oil from Peel to Ramsey by rail. The siding

2666-457: The name Caledonia . When they were taken into IOMR stock, they were renumbered as a continuation of the then IOMR series. Thornhill became number 14 and Caledonia became number 15. Ramsey and Northern were allocated numbers 16 and 17 respectively but never bore them in service. After very little use by the IOMR they were scrapped in 1923 and 1912. For the opening of passenger services,

2728-470: The occasional passenger service, run due to bus shortages. The last train reported to have used the branch was an engineering working in January ;1960  ( 1960-01 ) which removed rails and other material from Foxdale to be used elsewhere on the system. The rails were finally removed during the mid-1970s and much of the route is now a designated public walkway . The viaduct beyond St. John's

2790-509: The odd ballast train continued to collect mine waste up to the early 1960s. The Ramsey route had a brief boom between the wars and after World War II , but then, in line with the rest of the system, patronage sharply declined. The whole railway system reached a crisis in 1966 when no services operated. After a brief revival when the system was leased by the Marquess of Ailsa , the rest of the former Manx Northern Railway closed for 1968 along with

2852-575: The original IOMR Douglas-Peel line. One of the last services was the transport of fuel oil from the electricity generating station at Peel to the one at Ramsey, for which a special siding was laid. The last oil train ran in April 1969. The track was lifted in 1974 and the Glen Wyllin and Glen Mooar viaducts were dismantled in 1975. The majority of the six-wheeled coaching stock was also lost at this time, having been stored out of use for many years on

2914-410: The possession of a means of transport. Unless otherwise agreed upon in the contract, the carrier may use whatever means of transport approved in its operating authority, as long as it is the most favorable from the cargo interests' point of view. The carriers' duty is to get the goods to the agreed destination within the agreed time or within reasonable time. The person that is physically transporting

2976-472: The power of eminent domain to common carrier gas pipelines. Common carriers are subject to special laws and regulations that differ depending on the means of transport used, e.g. sea carriers are often governed by quite different rules from road carriers or railway carriers. In common law jurisdictions as well as under international law , a common carrier is absolutely liable for goods carried by it, with four exceptions: A sea carrier may also, according to

3038-528: The previous crossing up the line. A distinctive lattice girder bridge, the "basket bridge", was built over the Sulby River near Ramsey. It was renewed in 1914. The MNR had the only dockside track on the railway system, allowing direct transfer between the railway and sea-going vessels. This line, at Ramsey, opened in 1883 and closed in 1952. Various schemes to emulate this in Douglas were often proposed but

3100-716: The public's interest) for the "public convenience and necessity." A common carrier must further demonstrate to the regulator that it is "fit, willing, and able" to provide those services for which it is granted authority. Common carriers typically transport persons or goods according to defined and published routes, time schedules, and rate tables upon the approval of regulators. Public airlines , railroads , bus lines , taxicab companies, phone companies , internet service providers , cruise ships , motor carriers (i.e., canal operating companies , trucking companies), and other freight companies generally operate as common carriers. Under US law, an ocean freight forwarder cannot act as

3162-502: The purpose of enforcing net neutrality . Led by the Trump administration's appointed commissioner Ajit Pai , on December 14, 2017 the FCC reversed its rules on net neutrality, effectively revoking common carrier status as a requirement for Internet service providers. Following this, in 2018 the U.S. Senate narrowly passed a non-binding resolution aiming to reverse the FCC's decision and restore FCC's net neutrality rules. On 25 April 2024,

SECTION 50

#1732798602529

3224-411: The railway opened for business without formality on 23 September 1879. It was operated by the Isle of Man Railway until 6 November 1880 when the MNR took over the responsibility. In 1881, passenger services started operating through to Douglas using running rights over the tracks of the Isle of Man Railway. Some significant engineering works were required on the west coast section of the line, including

3286-474: The railway: one without its running gear and another in private ownership having spent 1976–1998 in the Isle of Man Railway Museum at Port Erin Station which is now off-island. Two further examples of six-wheeled stock survive off-island in a private collection, and the sole two bogie carriages built in 1899 by Hurst-Nelson also remain in existence. The unique Foxdale Coach survives in regular traffic on

3348-486: The sleepers. Between Kirk Michael and Ballaugh , the MNR had a halt purely for the use of the Bishop of Sodor and Man at Bishop's Court. A simple wooden bench comprised the station's entire facilities. The northern part of the line was flat compared to the western coastal section, and had numerous hand-worked level crossings . These were so close together in places that the protecting signals for one crossing stood beside

3410-446: The south line having been restored in 1979, 2012 and 2023, and a goods Van Gr. 12 which was rebuilt in 1997 and remains on the line, withdrawn in 2023 when it was replaced by restored Van G.1 . As part of the annual transport festival a genuine Manx Northern Train has operated in recent times. Many smaller items survive in use on the railway today, such as signal levers and various point levers inherited in 1905 and transferred around

3472-436: The station buildings along the line survive and have been converted to form a variety of uses including a village fire station, several private dwellings and museum displays. There are no railway structures remaining at Ramsey but buildings do survive at Lezayre , Sulby Glen , Sulby Bridge , Ballaugh (goods shed only), Kirk Michael and St. Germain's as well as remnants of the viaducts at Glen Wyllin and Glen Mooar and

3534-457: The system. Notably, levers provided by Stevens & Son of Glasgow remain in use on the south line and are all originally from the Manx Northern Railway. A number of pre-merger tickets also remain and these are highly collectible, having last been printed in 1905; the lower numbered examples to more obscure halts are particularly valuable to collectors and appear on auction sites occasionally. Common carrier A common carrier (also called

3596-492: The transportation to be safe because the operator is reasonably capable of controlling the risk of injury. In the United States, telecommunications carriers are regulated by the Federal Communications Commission under title II of the Communications Act of 1934 . The Telecommunications Act of 1996 made extensive revisions to the "Title II" provisions regarding common carriers and repealed

3658-469: The work was never undertaken. The Manx Northern Railway was not independent for long. In 1905, it became part of the Isle of Man Railway Company when that company took over the operation of the entire system, nearly 47 miles of track. A depression in the mining industry resulted in the closure of the Foxdale Mines in 1911 with the resultant loss of traffic. Services to Foxdale ceased in 1940 but

3720-492: Was a direct spur off the main line and was on a very tight curve directly into the yard that it served. Short-lived, it did however have the distinction of being the reason for one of the last trains to travel over the line in April 1969 prior to lifting. A spur from Ramsey Station served the town's harbour and ran for nearly a mile along the quay at various lengths over the years, and included small sidings to serve vessels. A short line north of Peel Road Station which served

3782-537: Was not curtailed by the Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1854 , and a specific contract that enlarges, diminishes or excludes his duty to take care (e.g., by a condition that the passenger travels "at his own risk against all casualties") cannot be pronounced to be unreasonable if the law authorises it. There was nothing in the provisions of the Canadian Transport Act 1938 section 25 that would invalidate

SECTION 60

#1732798602529

3844-403: Was removed in 1975 and a further bridge along the line later as part of road-widening scheme. Only the overbridge at St. John's Station remains in situ today, as do both terminus buildings. The station building at St. John's is now a private dwelling having been the residence of well-known station master George Crellin until his death in 1976 after the railway closed. The station at the other end of

#528471