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20-404: This cave is 67 feet below the surface. It is a tourist destination. Its entrance is shaped as a half moon and faces towards the east. It has a round shape, with a diameter of 193 feet, with another, separate, cave lying beneath. The floor is 223 feet in circumference. The location of this cave lies between the holy rivers Dudh Koshi and Sun Kosi . This place is usually cold and rainy. Nowadays it

40-684: A number. The scale is not linear, nor is it fixed. For instance, there can be difficult grade twos, easy grade threes, and so on. The grade of a river may (and usually does) change with the level of flow. Often a river or rapid will be given a numerical grade, and then a plus (+) or minus (-) to indicate if it is in the higher or lower end of the difficulty level. While a river section may be given an overall grading, it may contain sections above that grade, often noted as features, or conversely, it may contain sections of lower graded water as well. Details of portages may be given if these pose specific challenges. A summary of river classifications as presented by

60-589: Is a source of common misconception that this was the first trip on the river. Note that both expeditions didn't embark on Dudh Kosi but rather on Lobuche which is the river formed by the Khumbu Glacier and which runs around Pheriche. Just below Pheriche it merges with Imja Khola which then runs for about ten kilometres before it joins Dudh Kosi under Tengboche . Since then, there were many expeditions using wide variety of boat constructions allowing to run some rapids that had to be portaged previously. However

80-594: Is accessible by motorcycles and jeeps. The caves of Halesi-Maratika are referred to in Himalayan literature as far back as the 12th century. Kathang Zanglingma , a biography of Padmasambhava, a terma revealed and transmitted by Nyangrel Nyima Ozer, describes the original events which made the Maratika caves a sacred place for Vajrayana practitioners. The most famous natural cave in Khotang District

100-405: Is characteristic of extreme white water and normally cannot be used for watersports. The descent is over 5% and there are rapids that reach WW VI difficulty (not yet rated by AWA ) and places that need to be portaged even with the best equipment. In addition, the river often changes — big stones getting moved around by natural forces etc. Flowing down from Mount Everest, the river is believed to be

120-491: Is said to have been the abode of Mahadeva while hiding away from the monster Bhasmasur . It is an important pilgrimage center located in east Nepal for both Hindus and Buddhist . The cave is nicknamed 'the Pashupatinath of the east'. Well-attended religious fairs are observed here on Shivaratri and Bala Chaturdashi . Mandarava and Padmasambhava realized a number of terma that had been elementally encoded in

140-518: The Khumbu Glacier . But the high water flow had its downside — many parts were too dangerous and had to be omitted; the result was that just two boats out of eleven survived to the end at the confluence with Sun Kosi. It is unclear which parts of the river were skipped, but the descent is generally considered incomplete. The next year, HTV documentary movie "Dudh Kosi: Relentless River of Everest"<ref name=Dickinson>has been released which

160-540: The American Whitewater Association: Because of the large range of difficulty that exists beyond Class IV, Class V is an open-ended, multiple-level scale designated by class 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, etc. Each of these levels is an order of magnitude more difficult than the last. That is, going from Class 5.0 to Class 5.1 is a similar order of magnitude as increasing from Class IV to Class 5.0. Classifications can vary enormously, depending on

180-520: The access to upper parts above Lukla is now limited due to stricter regulations in and around national parks. International Scale of River Difficulty The international scale of river difficulty is an American system used to rate the difficulty of navigating a stretch of river, or a single (sometimes whitewater ) rapid . The scale was created by the American Whitewater Association to evaluate rivers throughout

200-480: The cave by dakini Sangwa Yeshe . These terma numbers among the longevity teachings of Buddha Amitabha , and were given at the behest of Bodhisattva Avalokiteswara . It is here, at the cave, that Mandarava and Padmasambhava attained the Vidyadhara of longevity (or long life). Hindus from India come to visit here after climbing many hills. Many people come here from places like Ladania and Jayanagar during

220-605: The glacier lakes at the height of 5,100 meters above sea level and meets Sapta Koshi at the altitude of 1,245 meters. The Kosi River , or Sapt Koshi, drains eastern Nepal. It is known as Sapta Koshi because of the seven rivers which join together in east-central Nepal to form this river. The main rivers forming the Sapta Koshi River system are – the Sun Koshi (सुन कोशी)], the Indravati River (इन्द्रावती),

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240-713: The goal of providing better information for canoeists , instructors leading trips, and families with young children. The grade of a river or rapid is likely to change along with the level of the water. High water usually makes rapids more difficult and dangerous, although some rapids may be easier at high flows because features are covered or washed out. At spate/ flood stage , even rapids which are usually easy can contain lethal and unpredictable hazards. Conversely, some rapids may be easier with lower water levels when dangerous hydraulics become easier to manage. Some rivers with high volumes of fast moving water may require little maneuvering, but will pose serious risk of injury or death in

260-568: The highest navigable whitewater . As such, it came to the attention of teams participating in the world cup since Austrian paddlers made a world record descending from 3,200 m altitude in France . Czechoslovak sportsmen then agreed to take up the challenge. A team of sixteen men, including fourteen Czechs and two Slovaks, had been gathered and on 4 January 1973 they set on the journey from Děhylov by cars (notably using customized Tatra 138 that had to survive over 30,000 km forth and back). For

280-602: The hills. The river drains the Mount Everest massif, the highest peak in the world. It begins just east of Gokyo Lakes and flows south to Namche Bazaar . Continuing south, the Dudh Koshi exits Sagarmatha National Park and passes to the west of Lukla . The Lamding Khola joins the Dudh Koshi to the southwest of Surkya and continues its southerly course to Harkapur , where it joins the Sun Kosi . The river

300-487: The last part from Lukla to Pheriche , 110 porters were hired to carry the boats and other equipment. The actual river trip began on 1 April near Pheriche at 4,243 mamsl and ran for 126 km down to Sun Kosi. The paddlers used both covered tandem canoes ( C2 ) of Vertex brand and solo kayaks (K1), all made of fiberglass . The expedition returned home safely in August the same year. Three years later, in 1976, there

320-441: The month of Shrawan to pray to Haleshi Mahadev . It is believed that Lord Shiva hid from the demon Bhasmasur for 6,000 years in this cave. During the holidays of Bhasmasur , Rama Navami , and Ganesh Chaturthi , fairs and festivities are held in the area. Dudh Koshi Dudh Koshi (दुधकोशी नदी, Milk-Koshi River ) is a river in eastern Nepal . It is the highest river in terms of elevation . Dudh Koshi originates from

340-458: The skill level and experience of the paddlers who rated the river. For example, at the 1999 International Conference on Outdoor Recreation and Education, an author of a paddling guide pointed out that there is too much variation in what is covered by the Class I designation, and proposed making further distinctions within the Class I flat water designations and Class I+ moving water designations, with

360-534: The tama Koshi (तामा कोशी), the Dudh Koshi (दुध कोशी), the Arun River (अरुण), Tamor River (तमोर) and Likhu River. The Dudh Kosi river originates from the high-altitude areas of Mount Everest (8848 metres) and the snow and glacier melt contributes significant portion of streamflow, especially during the dry season. The combined river flows through the Chatra Gorge in a southerly direction to emerge from

380-665: The world, hence international in the title. It should not be confused with the internationally used whitewater scale, which is published and adapted by a committee of the International Canoe Federation (ICF). The grade reflects the technical difficulty and skill level required associated with the section of river. The scale is of use to various water sports and activities, such as rafting , riverboarding , whitewater canoeing , stand up paddle surfing , and whitewater kayaking . There are six categories, each referred to as grade or class followed by

400-457: Was a British expedition of seven kayakers under the leadership of Mike Jones . They used 4 metres long fiberglass slalom-style kayaks specially designed by Pyranha Canoes with extra buoyancy and reinforcement. The expedition is notable for taking place in September to avoid ice and when the water was high to set new altitude record. They paddled at approximately 5300 mamsl on one of the lakes at

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