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59-564: The Maricopa County Courthouse and Phoenix City Hall was a joint effort of Maricopa County and the City of Phoenix, a "monumentally scaled" building taking up a full city block downtown. As city and county government matured, officials realized that a building of sufficient size was necessary to house county and city functions in an expanding Phoenix and Maricopa County. Maricopa County's facilities were an imposing two-story brick building in Block 76 of

118-543: A building for its exclusive use. With this need growing ever more urgent, voters approved $ 4.3 million in bonds in April 1957 to build a new city hall. The modernist ten-story Phoenix Municipal Building (now the Calvin C. Goode Building ) at 251 West Washington Street, designed by a consortium of Ralph Haver and Associates and Edward L. Varney and Associates, represented not only the increased size and stature of Phoenix but also

177-617: A capital city. Maricopa County has 14 regional parks: It also has at least 21 protected areas: From 2009 to 2011, an inventory of all vascular plants growing along the Salt River (Arizona) , Gila River , New River and Agua Fria River and their tributaries in the Phoenix metropolitan area was done. In October 2022, Maricopa County Environmental Services Department detected Dengue virus in mosquitoes they had trapped; in November

236-434: A female householder with no husband present, 33.9% were not families, and 25.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.67 and the average family size was 3.25. The median age was 34.6 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 55,054 and the median income for a family was $ 65,438. Males had a median income of $ 45,799 versus $ 37,601 for females. The per capita income for

295-513: A household in the county was $ 45,358, and for a family was $ 51,827. Males had a median income of $ 36,858 versus $ 28,703 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 22,251. About 8.0% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 15.4% of those under age 18 and 7.4% of those age 65 or over. In 2010 statistics, the largest religious group in Maricopa County were Catholics, who are organized under

354-657: A more limited constitutional amendment Proposition 102 to ban same-sex marriage but not state-recognized civil unions or domestic partnerships. The amendment was later invalidated by the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling in Obergefell v. Hodges , which declared that same-sex marriage is a fundamental right in the United States. Unlike cities and towns in Arizona, counties are politically and legally subordinate to

413-525: A week. However, it does not stop in Phoenix itself. The population ranking of the following table is based on the 2020 census of Maricopa County. † county seat In 2019, the largest employers in Maricopa County were: According to the Bureau of Economic Analysis , in 2019 the employment of Maricopa County in the following sectors was: Maricopa produces far more Brassica than anywhere else in

472-559: Is a building in downtown Phoenix, Arizona , completed in 1928 and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985. The Security Building was constructed for the Security Improvement Company, whose President was prominent Phoenix realtor Dwight B. Heard . From 1897 until his 1929 death, Heard was one of the most powerful men in the state, owning an investment company, a cattle company, and

531-450: Is also produced here. All of the boysenberry , half of the elderberry (along with Yavapai ), and a small amount of the state's blackberry and strawberry are harvested here. A large part of the vegetable seed in Arizona is grown here. 33°30′50″N 112°28′33″W  /  33.51389°N 112.47583°W  / 33.51389; -112.47583 Security Building (Phoenix, Arizona) The Security Building

590-433: Is clad in rusticated terra cotta panels of various colors that simulate yellow sandstone and also lend the building an appearance similar to that of masonry. The entry to the courthouse is set within a rounded arch, above which is inscribed "MARICOPA COUNTY COURT HOUSE". The entry is a pair of bronze doors with full glass panels topped with ornamental ironwork. The side wings on the second level have windows framed in cast iron,

649-422: Is covered by water. Maricopa County is one of the largest counties in the United States by area , with a land area greater than that of four other US states . From west to east, it stretches 132 miles (212 km), and 103 miles (166 km) from north to south. It is by far Arizona's most populous county, encompassing well over half of the state's residents. It is the largest county in the United States to have

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708-450: Is home to 62 percent of the state's population and therefore dominates Arizona's politics. For example, in the 2018 Senate election , Democrat Kyrsten Sinema carried the county en route to becoming the first Democrat to win a Senate seat in Arizona since 1988 . She won the county by over 60,000 votes, more than enough for the victory; she won statewide by 55,900 votes. All but one of the state's nine congressional districts include part of

767-467: The Arizona Republican newspaper. The building would serve as a headquarters for produce growers and law firms over the years. In 1958, the ninth-floor penthouse apartment was added, serving as the home of Walter R. Bimson, the chairman of the successful Valley National Bank of Arizona . In 2001, Maricopa County acquired the property, and historical renovations began in 2005 to restore

826-758: The Roman Catholic Diocese of Phoenix with 519,950 Catholics and 99 parishes, and 9 additional eastern rite Catholic parishes. This is followed by 242,732 LDS Mormons with 503 congregations, 213,640 non-denominational adherents with 309 congregations, 93,252 Assembly of God Pentecostals with 120 congregations, 73,207 Southern Baptists with 149 congregations, 35,804 Christian churches and churches of Christ Christians with 29 congregations, 30,014 Evangelical Lutherans with 47 congregations, 28,634 UMC Methodists with 55 congregations, 18,408 Missouri Synod Lutherans with 34 congregations, and 15,001 Presbyterians with 42 congregations. Altogether, 39.1% of

885-572: The Shreveport Municipal Building in his hometown in 1924 and also designed several structures at Louisiana Tech University . The Maricopa County Courthouse is Neild's only known work in the state of Arizona. The Maricopa County Courthouse is designed in an H shape with overall dimensions of 230 feet (70 m) by 130 feet (40 m). The six-story central tower dominates the composition, with seven pronounced vertical bays. Two four-story projecting wings with three bays flank

944-710: The Yavapai County Courthouse ; Henry T. Phelps of San Antonio, who designed several courthouses in Texas; Trost & Trost of El Paso had designed many buildings in Tucson and the Luhrs Building downtown; and Shreveport architect Edward Neild , whose Caddo Parish Courthouse favorably impressed the supervisors. On September 19, 1927, the board of supervisors voted 2–1 to select Neild, with A. G. Austin voting instead for Bowman's proposal. However,

1003-428: The census of 2000, 3,072,149 people, 1,132,886 households, and 763,565 families were living in the county. The population density was 334 people/sq mi (129 people/km ). The 1,250,231 housing units averaged of 136 per square mile (53/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 77.4% White, 3.7% African American, 1.9% Native American, 2.2% Asian, 12.0% from other races, and 2.9% from two or more races. About 29.5% of

1062-488: The 1884 structure would result in significant fire hazards. The board of supervisors called an election on May 21, 1927, to issue $ 750,000 in bonds to construct a new building on the Block 76 site; the citizens of Maricopa County approved the bonds by a margin of 3,489 to 780. On June 15, the board proceeded to begin the process of selecting an architect. When the bonds went to bid on July 18, nine investment firms and banks sought them, with Valley Bank and Trust of Phoenix being

1121-494: The 7th is primarily Tucson -based. †Member was originally appointed to the office. School districts with territory in the county (no matter how slight, even if the administration and schools are in other counties) include: Unified: Secondary: Elementary: There is also a state-operated school, Phoenix Day School for the Deaf . The Phoenix Indian School was formerly in the county. The major primary commercial airport of

1180-708: The City Justice of the Peace and the Maricopa County Superior Court, making it an important hub of legal activity in the Phoenix area. Among the major county cases tried in the courthouse was the first trial of Ernesto Miranda , which eventually led to the landmark Miranda v. Arizona case of the Supreme Court of the United States in 1966 and, consequently, the ubiquitous "Miranda warning" issued by police. In addition, Winnie Ruth Judd

1239-445: The United States. While the city of Phoenix has been evenly split between the two major parties, most of the rest of the county was strongly Republican . Until 2020 , every Republican presidential candidate since 1952 had carried Maricopa County. This includes the 1964 presidential run of native son Barry Goldwater , who would not have carried his own state had it not been for a 21,000-vote margin in Maricopa County. Until 2020, it

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1298-411: The board consists of four Republicans and one Democrat. Each member serves a four-year term, with no term limits. The Maricopa County Sheriff's Office provides court protection, administers the county jail, and patrols the unincorporated areas of the county plus incorporated towns by contract. For much of the time after World War II , Maricopa County was one of the more conservative urban counties in

1357-432: The board of supervisors sent the city a letter expressing a desire to collaborate on a shared building. With approval from both the board and the mayor and continued pressure from Judge Smith and the chamber of commerce, the ball began to roll. In June, the property was assessed, and after that, the board of supervisors accepted a bid from the city to acquire the western third of the property for Phoenix's city hall. On July 8,

1416-603: The building. The Security Building currently houses county offices; the Arizona State University Phoenix Urban Research Laboratory occupied the former penthouse until May 2012. The building was designed by Curlett & Beelman , with regional contractors Edwards, Wildey and Dixon constructing the building. The Security Building is an example of Second Renaissance Revival architecture , using copper and hand-molded bricks. The structure uses reinforced concrete, while

1475-423: The city commission passed an ordinance calling for a special bond election to raise $ 450,000 to acquire the western third (valued at $ 150,000) and to build the new city hall. The election, held on August 16, saw Phoenicians vote 460 to 164 in favor of the proposal. Early on, both sides began scouting architects. The board of supervisors traveled to various eastern and southern states in the summer of 1927 to evaluate

1534-815: The county is Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport ( PHX ). Other airports located in the county include: In terms of freight rail, the Union Pacific Railroad and the Burlington Northern Santa Fe Railroad serve the county. In terms of passenger rail, greater Phoenix is served by a light rail system . The county has no other passenger rail transport as Amtrak 's Sunset Limited , which served Phoenix until June 2, 1996, has its closest stop in Maricopa in neighboring Pinal County . The train connects Maricopa to Tucson , Los Angeles , and New Orleans three times

1593-883: The county was $ 27,816. About 10.0% of families and 13.9% of the population were below the poverty line , including 19.8% of those under age 18 and 7.0% of those age 65 or over. According to data provided by the United States Census Bureau in October 2015 and collected from 2009 to 2013, 73.7% of the population aged five years and over spoke only English at home, while 20.3% spoke Spanish, 0.6% spoke Chinese, 0.5% Vietnamese, 0.4% Tagalog , 0.4% Arabic, 0.4% German, 0.3% French, 0.3% Navajo , 0.2% Korean, 0.2% Hindi , 0.2% Italian, 0.1% Persian , 0.1% Russian, 0.1% Serbo-Croatian , 0.1% Telugu , 0.1% Polish, 0.1% Syriac , 0.1% Japanese, 0.1% spoke Romanian, and 0.1% spoke other Native North American languages at home. As of

1652-426: The county was 73.0% white (58.7% non-Hispanic white), 5.0% African American, 3.5% Asian, 2.1% American Indian, 0.2% Pacific islander, 12.8% from other races, and 3.5% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 29.6% of the population. The largest ancestry groups were: Of the 1,411,583 households, 35.1% had children under 18 living with them, 47.8% were married couples living together, 12.4% had

1711-450: The county, and five of the districts have their population center located there. Most of the state's prominent elected officials live in the county. Further underlining Maricopa County's political dominance, Biden's margin of 45,109 votes was more than enough to carry the state; he only won Arizona by 10,457 votes. The 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 8th districts are all centered in Maricopa County. The 2nd and 9th are centered in rural Arizona, while

1770-589: The county. This makes Maricopa County the third county in American history to cast more than one million votes for a presidential candidate. The county is also a statewide bellwether, voting for the statewide winning candidate in all elections except 1996. Despite its consistent Republican allegiance since 1952, its fast-growing Hispanic population and influx of conservative retirees and Mormons , which were traditionally conservative voting blocs but were increasingly skeptical of President Donald Trump , signaled that it

1829-450: The courtrooms were still predominantly intact in the late 1980s. Maricopa County Maricopa County ( / ˌ m ær ɪ ˈ k oʊ p ə / ) is a county in the south-central part of the U.S. state of Arizona . As of the 2020 census the population was 4,420,568, or about 62% of the state's total, making it the fourth-most populous county in the United States and the most populous county in Arizona, and making Arizona one of

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1888-505: The decision did not meet well with the city of Phoenix, which had backed Lescher & Mahoney. Board and city officials worked to reach a compromise, and both sides expressed a desire to put their differences behind them. An official contract was signed in October, and in November, Phoenix signed a contract with Lescher & Mahoney to design its portion of the project. The contract called for Neild to be in charge of general exterior appearance, but Lescher & Mahoney added several elements to

1947-424: The east and west sides; as a whole, the building presents a "wide and imposing" façade to both Washington Street, which contains the entrance to the county portion, and to Jefferson Street. The building is made of poured-in-place concrete using a conventional concrete frame. The structure itself sits on a raised foundation story made of evenly coursed terra cotta panels, with unornamented window openings. The exterior

2006-402: The entryways, creating a Neoclassical, form-based appearance. The hipped, clay tile roof was originally coated in seven different colors of tiles, a detail no longer visible due to soiling. The Second Avenue façade is the third primary elevation of the building, featuring the main entrance to the city portion. This entrance is also set inside an arch, which is flanked by terra cotta sculptures of

2065-544: The exterior of the City Hall area and was largely in control of the design of its interiors. In April 1928, the board called for bids for the general contractor; the winning firm was Los Angeles-based Edwards, Wildey and Dixon, who had just completed the Security Building , with which the board was particularly impressed. The contract process hit a snag when a contract specifying the highest quality furniture for

2124-494: The first locally transmitted case of dengue fever was reported in the County and Arizona state as a whole - previous dengue cases in Maricopa County had been related to travel. As of the 2010 census , 3,817,117 people, 1,411,583 households, and 932,814 families were living in the county. The population density was 414.9/sq mi (160.2/km ). The 1,639,279 housing units averaged 178.2/sq mi (68.8/km ). The racial makeup of

2183-639: The latest in new courthouses. They consulted other boards and commissions, and in September, they began to analyze the seven bids that had been received. Prominent architects and firms figured among the contenders to build the county courthouse. Three of them were local: V. O. Wallingford of Phoenix, recognized for his architectural activities throughout the state; Fitzhugh & Byron , also of Phoenix; and Lescher & Mahoney , known for constructing schools and other public buildings. Four additional architects put in bids: William N. Bowman of Denver, designer of

2242-402: The mythological phoenix. The wall adjacent to the entry is entirely made of polished granite, while the bronze doors are multi-paneled. The interior is "equally as elaborate in detail" as the exterior, with numerous materials. Circulation centers around a longitudinal east-west corridor through the building. Behind the county entrance is a grand entrance foyer utilizing four types of marble; even

2301-567: The nation's most centralized states. The county seat is Phoenix , the state capital and fifth-most populous city in the United States. Maricopa County is the central county of the Phoenix–Mesa–Chandler Metropolitan Statistical Area . The Office of Management and Budget renamed the metropolitan area in September 2018. Previously, it was the Phoenix–Mesa–Glendale metropolitan area, and in 2000, that

2360-437: The one element that gives the courthouse a Southwestern flavor. The most ornamentation is to be found on the building's upper two stories, used as the jail with a third masonry expression utilizing terra cotta panels. The windows on these levels have honeycomb patterns of tiles framed in cast iron, while the sixth floor has conventional steel frame windows. The bays rise to a segmented arch with radiating elements echoing those in

2419-476: The peace, and clerk of the Superior Court are elected by the people. Retention of Superior Court judges is also determined by popular vote. The county's dominant political figure for over two decades (from 1993 to 2017) was Sheriff Joe Arpaio , who called himself "America's Toughest Sheriff" and gained national notoriety for his flamboyant and often controversial practices and policies. Maricopa County

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2478-477: The population was claimed as members by religious congregations, although members of historically African-American denominations were underrepresented due to incomplete information. In 2014, the county had 1,177 religious organizations, the fifth most out of all US counties. The governing body of Maricopa County is its board of supervisors. The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors consists of five members chosen by popular vote within their own districts. As of 2023

2537-406: The population were Hispanics or Latinos of any race. About 19.1% reported speaking Spanish at home. Of the 1,132,886 households, 33.0% had children under 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.6% were not families. About 24.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 7.9% had someone living alone who

2596-569: The rapid evolution in architectural styles. At the same time, many Maricopa County functions moved to new facilities in the $ 11 million Maricopa County Governmental Complex, completed in 1964 and designed by the firm of Stephens Walsh Emmons Shanks. The Superior Court still uses the building. In 2012, the Maricopa County Justice Museum opened in a sixth-floor cell block inside the Old Courthouse. The courthouse

2655-480: The restrooms feature gray Alaskan marble wainscoting. Paneling and woodwork in the offices and courtrooms features Philippine mahogany. The interior breaks with the exterior stylistically, relying on Spanish Colonial Revival ornamentation on the first floor. Several renovations were made prior to the building being listed, all minor reconfigurations of the interior. Some finishes and ceilings were obscured, fire-rated doors were added, and several rooms were divided, but

2714-495: The state and do not have charters of their own. The county Board of Supervisors acts under powers delegated by state law, mainly related to minor ordinances and revenue collection. With few exceptions, these powers are narrowly construed. The chairperson of the board presides for a one-year term, selected by the board members during a public hearing. The county sheriff, county attorney, county assessor, county treasurer, superintendent of schools, county recorder, constables, justices of

2773-534: The state's melon , okra , and bell pepper are also grown here. Almost all the apricot , freestone peach , persimmon , and nectarine in the state are grown here. The county also ties for the highest amount of cling peach with Cochise , along with Pima produces almost all the pomegranate , and grows most of the kumquat . Maricopa's farms grow a middling amount of fig , grape ( Vitis spp. including V. vinifera ), and pear ( Pyrus spp.) other than Bartlett . A small amount of plum

2832-411: The state, including far more cabbage , collards , and mustard greens , and far more eggplant and greenhouse production of tomato . Slightly more kale is grown here than Yavapai , and a close second to Yuma for broccoli , cauliflower , and spinach , and to Yavapai for field tomato . The county is top for parsley and is tied with Pima for other fresh herbs . Some of

2891-494: The sum of $ 47,000 was contested by Berryhill Office Equipment Company. Berryhill sued in Maricopa County Superior Court, alleging that the county, by not providing specifications or calling for a lowest and best bid, did not follow prescribed bidding practices. The Superior Court ruled in favor of the county, but Berryhill appealed to the Arizona Supreme Court , which sided with Berryhill on June 14, 1929. The county

2950-444: The townsite, completed in 1884; meanwhile, the original 1889 Phoenix city hall, which was designed by James M. Creighton and doubled as territorial capital until 1901, was also becoming too cramped for continued use. On April 28, 1927, the county board of supervisors passed a resolution stating that the current courthouse and jail were no longer adequate for their needs. Additional space was needed for county departments, and adding to

3009-496: The winner. Meanwhile, Phoenix, whose growth in the 1920s had led to at least eight new high-rise buildings downtown, saw an opportunity in the new county courthouse project to get a city hall. A group of reform-minded citizens led the charge to combine the two projects; in early 1927, Judge Frank O. Smith spoke twice to the city commission on behalf of a group in the Phoenix Chamber of Commerce. Days after his second speech,

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3068-407: Was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.67, and the average family size was 3.21. The age distribution in the county was 27.0% under 18, 10.2% from 18 to 24, 31.4% from 25 to 44, 19.8% from 45 to 64, and 11.7% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.10 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 98.10 males. The median income for

3127-412: Was a crucial bellwether in the 2020 election. Despite its political leanings at the time, Maricopa County voted against Proposition 107 in the 2006 election. This referendum, designed to ban gay marriage and restrict domestic partner benefits, was rejected by a 51.6–48.4% margin within the county, and statewide by a similar margin. Two years later, however, a majority of county residents voted to pass

3186-710: Was changed to Phoenix–Mesa–Scottsdale. Maricopa County was named after the Maricopa people . Five Indian reservations are located in the county. The largest are the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community (east of Scottsdale) and the Gila River Indian Community (south of Chandler). According to the United States Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 9,224 sq mi (23,890 km ), of which 24 sq mi (62 km ) (0.3%)

3245-607: Was designed by Shreveport architect Edward Neild in conjunction with the influential Phoenix firm of Lescher & Mahoney . At the time, Lescher & Mahoney dominated the design of public buildings in the state; their work included the county courthouses in Graham and Mohave counties, and while the courthouse was under construction the Orpheum Theater and Brophy College Chapel , also designs from Lescher & Mahoney, were under construction. Neild, meanwhile, had built

3304-611: Was forced to redo the bidding process. With the building half completed, the city and county hosted a dedication ceremony conducted by the Arizona Grand Lodge of Masons. Among the dignitaries present were Senator Carl Hayden , the acting Grand Orator, and Col. John Philip Sousa , conducting the Marine Corps Band. At the ceremony, the cornerstone of Arizona granite was laid, and a time capsule, coated in copper and containing documents, emblems and other ephemera,

3363-428: Was mortared inside with a silver trowel. The Berryhill lawsuit and normal construction delays pushed back occupancy from the scheduled date of April 1, 1929, to June 23, when the city and county formally took possession of the building, constructed at a total cost of $ 1,200,000. The city and county each had portions of the building serving their own offices, with a jail on the fifth and sixth floors. The building housed

3422-423: Was once jailed inside the courthouse. With Phoenix and Maricopa County both continuing with explosive growth after World War II, the joint city-county building, which represented a vastly different era in state history, now was as inadequate as the structures it had replaced. As early as 1949, Phoenix officials began to explore the possibility of building a new city hall; the city needed so much space that it desired

3481-524: Was the largest county in the country to vote Republican. From 1968 to 2016 , Democrats held the margin within single digits only three times–in 1992 , 1996 , and 2016. In 2020, Joe Biden became the first Democrat in 72 years to win the county, which flipped Arizona to the Democratic column for the first time since 1996 and only the second time since 1948 . Furthermore, Biden became the first presidential candidate to win more than one million votes in

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