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27-513: This list is ordered from source to mouth: This Cantal geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Corrèze geographical article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in France is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Cantal Cantal ( French pronunciation: [kɑ̃tal] ; Occitan : Cantal or Cantau )

54-401: A meander (a curved path). The leftover higher locations, typically natural levees at the margins of the flood channel, will be eroded by lateral stream erosion, local rainfall, and possibly wind transport if the climate is arid and does not support soil-holding grasses. These processes, over geologic time, will form the plain, a region with little relief (local changes in elevation) yet with

81-549: A constant but slight slope. The Glossary of Landform and Geologic Terms , maintained by the United States National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS), defines an "alluvial plain" as "a large assemblage of fluvial landforms (braided streams, terraces, etc.) that form a low gradient, regional ramps along the flanks of mountains and extend great distances from their sources (e.g., High Plains of North America)". Use of "alluvial plain" as

108-448: Is a plain (an essentially flat landform ) created by the deposition of sediment over a long period by one or more rivers coming from highland regions, from which alluvial soil forms. A floodplain is part of the process, being the smaller area over which the rivers flood at a particular time. In contrast, the alluvial plain is the larger area representing the region over which the floodplains have shifted over geological time. As

135-538: Is a rural department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with its prefecture in Aurillac . Its other principal towns are Saint-Flour (the episcopal see ) and Mauriac ; its residents are known as Cantalians (French: Cantaliens / Cantaliennes or Cantalous / Cantaloues ). Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme , Haute-Loire , Aveyron , Lot , Lozère and Corrèze , in

162-426: Is abundant snowfall which can remain up to six months on the mountaintops. Winter temperatures can fall to below −15 °C (5 °F), whereas in summer 25 °C (77 °F) is often reached. The southern part of the department, on its borders with Aveyron and Lot , is the hottest region. Aurillac averaged 2080 hours of sunlight per year over the period from 1991 to 2000. Fog is rare and disappears quickly. Wind

189-476: Is accessible to hikers. It is also possible to hike to the nearby Puy de Peyre-Arse (1806 m). Le Lioran or Super-Lioran are the best places to start the hike. Le Lioran is accessible by rail or bus and Super-Lioran is just a kilometre away from Le Lioran . From Super-Lioran it is also possible to hike to Plomb du Cantal. There is also an option of taking the cable car to Plomb du Cantal from Super-Lioran. Super-Lioran tourist office has various hike routes in

216-567: Is an old stronghold of the French Right and was the electoral base of the late Georges Pompidou . Only the area around Aurillac , historically anti-clerical and Radical , has some left-wing support. The current president of the departmental council is Bruno Faure ( The Republicans ). Paul Doumer , French president from May 1931 to May 1932, was born in Aurillac in this department. Attribution: Alluvial plain An alluvial plain

243-470: Is given over to pasture for Aubrac and Salers cattle, sheep, and, formerly, horses. This in turn supports a dairy industry responsible for butter and Roquefort cheese and the appellation-controlled cheeses Cantal , Salers , and Bleu d'Auvergne . Cantal is the French department with the greatest number of appellation-controlled cheeses, although proper Roquefort is now restricted to cheese produced in

270-584: Is named for the Plomb du Cantal , the central peak of the bare and rugged mounts of Cantal (French: Monts du Cantal ) mountain chain which traverses the area. Cantal lies in the middle of France's central plateau. The Cantal range is a group of extinct and eroded volcanic peaks. Its highest point is the Plomb du Cantal , which reaches an elevation of 1,858 meters (6,096 ft). Its neighbors are Puy Mary (elev. 1,787 meters or 5,863 feet) and Puy Chavaroche (elev. 5,722 feet or 1,744 meters). To their north lie

297-401: Is usually not very strong, but the lightning flashes in this department are among the most spectacular in France. Televised French weather forecasts often note Aurillac as the coldest city in France in the mornings. This status should be understood in light of their derivation from temperature readings by Météo-France . Of the 30 cities included on its maps, Aurillac is by far the one with

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324-842: The Cézallier and Dore ranges and the arid Artense Plateau. Immediately to their east is the fertile Planèze Plateau, bound on its east by the Monts de la Margeride . The principal rivers are the Alagnon , which is a tributary to the Allier ; the Celle and Truyère , tributary to the Lot ; and the Cère and Rhue , tributary to the Dordogne . At an elevation of 250 meters (820 ft) above sea level,

351-538: The Aveyron department. The region's mineral products include coal, copper, lead, iron, antimony , granite , slate and lime , but the department's isolation and poor infrastructure long precluded their exploitation. Before the First World War , the primary exports were livestock, cheese, butter, and coal and the main imports were coal, wine, grain, flour, and pottery. By then, it had been connected to both

378-633: The First World War , it comprised parts of the XIII. Army Corps military region and the Clermont-Ferrand educational division ( académie ). After the 1790 Constitution Civile du Clergé , the Diocese of Saint-Flour in Cantal (whose bishop refused to swear the republican oath of allegiance, constituting a schism from Rome) was among the almost half of the French sees being abolished to realign

405-504: The Massif Central natural region. Along with neighbouring Lozère and Creuse , Cantal is among the most sparsely populated and geographically isolated departments of France and Aurillac is the departmental capital farthest removed from a major motorway. It had a population of 144,692 in 2019, making it the country's 98th most populated department. Of the 96 metropolitan departments, it is the fifth least populated. The department

432-556: The Orleans and Midi railways . Traditionally, many Cantalians roamed France during the year plying humble trades but now the area's relative lack of industry and development permits tourism. An area has been set aside as the Auvergne Volcanos Regional Park ( Parc Regional des Volcans d’Auvergne ). The Occitan language was historically spoken in Cantal. The official population count for 2019

459-708: The 19th century, the hills and valleys abounded with game and the streams with fish, the countryside producing a "vast variety" of aromatic and medicinal plants. At present, the most visited places are Puy Mary , the Plomb du Cantal, the village of Salers , and the gorges of the Truyère (with the Garabit viaduct , the castle of Alleuze , and the towns of Boisset , Pierrefort ). The Parc Naturel des Volcans d’Auvergne features several inactive volcanoes. Cantal also has numerous castles. Puy Mary can be accessed by car easily. and

486-527: The Romanesque religious buildings like the churches of Cheylade (eleventh century), Dieno or Massiac. The area's Catholic cathedral—dependent on the archdiocese of Bourges —is the 15th-century St Pierre de St-Flour, erected in the Gothic style . The characteristic folk dance in Cantal is La Bourrée . In the countryside it would be danced in folk costumes with accompaniment by accordion. The dance form

513-461: The department varies considerably. Prevailing winds and mountain ranges divide Cantal into four climatic zones: Generally, the weather is mild and dry in the alluvial plain between Murat and Saint-Flour and around Aurillac, while summer storms and winters can be long and severe in the northern and central areas. The west—nearer precipitation coming in from the Atlantic —is well watered. There

540-532: The highest altitude, at 640 m (2,100 ft) above sea level. The most populous commune is Aurillac , the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 3,000 inhabitants: The area of Cantal was historically part of the Haute-Auvergne ( Haute-Auvergne ). Cantal is one of the original 83 departments created during the French Revolution on 4 March 1790. Prior to

567-447: The highlands erode due to weathering and water flow, the sediment from the hills is transported to the lower plain. Various creeks will carry the water further to a river, lake , bay , or ocean . As the sediments are deposited during flood conditions in the floodplain of a creek, the elevation of the floodplain will be raised. As this reduces the channel floodwater capacity, the creek will, over time, seek new, lower paths, forming

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594-515: The low point of the province lies in the Lot valley . The Truyère valley skirts the Planèze on the south and divides it from the Monts d'Aubrac , whose foothills include the thermal springs of Chaudes-Aigues . The western area of the department consists of grassy plateaus and river valleys. At first, Cantal was divided into four arrondissements — Aurillac , Mauriac , Saint-Flour and Murat (later merged with Saint-Flour). The climate of

621-504: The new bishoprics to coincide with the new departments, such as Cantal, where outsider parish priest Anne-Alexandre-Marie Thibault was elected Bishop. It was formally abolished in turn after the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801 (Thibault refusing to resign), in favor of the reinstated bishopric of Saint Poul, but actually retained the departemental borders. The climate being generally too cool and damp for grain, much of Cantal

648-682: The practice of free flight: base jumpers frequent the sector around the Puy Mary and the Brezon valley. Thanks to its terrain, Cantal can count on a good snow level, which allows winter sports. The station of Le Lioran , largest ski-resort of the Massif Central offers alpine skiing (with specific adaptations for snowboard) and ice-skating. Excursions in snow shoes are also possible. The department has several hundred kilometres of cross-country skiing tracks. This staunchly Catholic department

675-543: The region. There are also various adventure courses, dirt bikes, summer luges etc. that run in Super-Lioran. Among the various activities offered in this department, the "Massif Cantalien" can be discovered through walking, horseback riding or mountain biking excursions (tracks are especially designed for this). Aquatic sports are also common, due to numerous lakes. The department also offers activities such as mountaineering, canoeing and fishing. The landscape also allows

702-585: Was 144,692. It peaked at 262,117 in 1836, and has been below 200,000 since the First World War. Like many of the country's rural departments, Cantal experienced a marked decrease in population throughout the twentieth century as agricultural wages failed to keep pace with those available in the industrialising regions. The department falls within the band of low-density population known as the empty diagonal . Population development since 1791: The department counts several remarkable buildings. Among them,

729-472: Was long ago adapted for use in courtly music and features prominently in the Baroque dance suites of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Prominent museums in Cantal include: The traditional articles of Cantalian cuisine were rye, buckwheat, and chestnuts, as well as ham, cheese, and vegetables. The area's simple recipes were designed to satisfy hill farmers and herders. Notable dishes include: In

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