The Cascata delle Marmore ( Italian: [kaˈskaːta delle ˈmarmore] ) or Marmore Falls is a tiered, man-made waterfall in Italy , created by the Romans in 271 BC. At 165m (541 feet) tall, it is the largest man-made waterfall in the world . It is located 7.7 km from Terni , in the region of Umbria .
11-735: In ancient times, the Velino River fed a wetland in the Rieti Valley . In 271 BC, in order to reclaim the land (and to possibly remove the supposed threat of malaria to the nearby city of Rieti ), the Roman consul Manius Curius Dentatus ordered the construction of a canal (the Curiano Trench ) to divert the stagnant waters over the cliff near Marmore , thus directing it into the Nera River below. Lack of maintenance in
22-614: Is a river in central Italy , a tributary of the Nera . Its source is located on Monte Pozzoni's slopes (1,903 m) near Cittareale . Aftwards, it runs through a narrow valley next the Mount Terminillo , known as "Gole del Vento" ("Wind's Ravines") and, near Antrodoco , receives the Peschiera Springs, which have a discharge of some 18 m³/s (9.5 m³/s is sent to Rome ) through an aqueduct. Then, it receives
33-504: Is an entrance fee to access the falls and its nearby areas. Visitors can follow a path leading to the falls' summit. En route, a tunnel provides access to an observatory adjacent to the falls. Another observatory near the peak offers a panoramic view of both the falls and the Nera Valley below. 42°33′09″N 12°42′54″E / 42.552448°N 12.714958°E / 42.552448; 12.714958 Velino The Velino
44-529: The canal resulted in a decrease of flow that eventually allowed the wetland to reappear. In 1422, Pope Gregory XII ordered the construction of a new canal to restore the original flow (the Gregorian Trench or Rieti Trench ). In 1545, Pope Paul III ordered that a new canal be built (the Pauline Trench ). The plan was to expand the Curiano Trench and to build a regulating valve to control
55-460: The current state in the 18th century by architect Andrea Vici . [REDACTED] Media related to Velino river at Wikimedia Commons This Lazio location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article related to a river in Italy is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Busiri Vici Andrea Busiri Vici (7 January 1818 – 12 November 1911)
66-528: The falls is diverted to the Galleto hydroelectric power plant, reducing the flow over the falls. Established in 1929, the Galleto plant has a capacity of roughly 530 MW. Piediluco Lake, situated above the falls, acts as a reservoir for this power plant. To manage the power plant's operation and cater to tourists, the falls operate on a set schedule. The falls usually flow from 12:00 to 13:00 and again from 16:00 to 17:00 daily, with extended hours on holidays. There
77-530: The flow. Upon its completion in 1598, Pope Clement VIII inaugurated the new work and named it after himself: the Clementine Trench . Over the following two centuries, the canal and the Nera often created flooding issues for the valley below. In 1787, Pope Pius VI ordered architect Andrea Vici to modify the leaps below the falls, giving the falls their present look and finally resolving the majority of
88-462: The problems. Lord Byron visited the waterfall and referenced it in the narrative poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage , published between 1812 and 1818. In 1896, the newly formed steel mills in Terni began using the water flow in the Curiano Trench to power their operation. In the following years, engineers began using the water flow to generate electricity. Typically, the water in the canals above
99-475: The waters of its left tributaries Salto and Turano [ it ] , and then enters the plain of Rieti , where its discharge if further increased by other minor streams to reach 60 m³/s. Near Papigno , it falls into the Nera forming the famous Cascate delle Marmore falls. In pre- Roman times, the river ended in a marsh within the plain of Rieti. The falls were created by consul Manius Curius Dentatus and enlarged in medieval times, being updated to
110-708: Was a second-generation architect who gained regard for his work under Luigi Vanvitelli on the Palace of Caserta and later gained Vatican patronage. Andrea's daughter Barbara Vici married Beaurire's descendant Giulio Cesare Busiri (1792–1818) in 1815, joining the two families as Busiri Vici. Noted members of the family include Clemente Busiri Vici (1887–1965), who designed churches for Pope Pius XI such Gran Madre di Dio and San Roberto Bellarmino , both in Rome. Clemente's brother Michele Busiri Vici (1894–1981) worked on Costa Smeralda . Another brother, Andrea Busiri Vici (1903–1989)
121-690: Was a significant papal architect in Rome. He was descended from a long-flourishing dynasty of French-Italian architects formed by the union of the French Beausire family with the Vici family of Arcevia . The progenitor of the French side of the dynasty was Jean Beausire (1651–1743), whose descendants thrived as architects under the Ancien Régime . On the Italian side, Andrea Vici (1743–1817)
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