32-720: Marquess Townshend / ˈ t aʊ n z ən d / is a title in the Peerage of Great Britain held by the Townshend family of Raynham Hall in Norfolk . The title was created in 1787 for George Townshend, 4th Viscount Townshend . The Townshend family descends from Roger Townshend , who in 1617 was created a baronet , of Raynham in the County of Norfolk, in the Baronetage of England . He later represented Orford and Norfolk in
64-670: A Board of Commissioners in Boston to enforce them, which was seen as a threat to the American colonial tradition of self-government. He estimated these export taxes would produce a sum of £40,000 for the English treasury. He had the support of his cousin Thomas Townshend who was also a minister in the government. The Townshend Acts would be Townshend's last official act before his death. Soon after that he died somewhat suddenly of
96-405: A fever on September 4, 1767. In August 1755 he had married Caroline Campbell (d. 1794), the eldest daughter of John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll and the widow of Francis Scott, Earl of Dalkeith , the eldest son of Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch . According to Burke's Peerage , he had two sons (who died young) and a daughter; one of the sons was called Charles, who was born circa 1755,
128-854: A member of the Board of Trade, Lord of the Admiralty, Paymaster of the Forces, and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He played a significant role in the taxation and control of American colonies, proposing the Townshend Acts, which imposed taxes on various exports to America. These acts were met with resistance and eventually led to the American Revolution. Townshend died in September 1767. He was married to Caroline Campbell, who later became
160-689: A non-social context, 'Your Grace'. The last non-royal dukedom of Great Britain was created in 1766, and the last marquessate of Great Britain was created in 1796. Creation of the remaining ranks ceased when the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was formed; subsequent creations of peers were in the Peerage of the United Kingdom . The last 8 (6 non-royal and two royal) people who were created hereditary peers (from 1798 to 1800) were: Currently none Charles Townshend Charles Townshend (27 August 1725 – 4 September 1767)
192-460: A seat for the admiralty borough of Saltash , subsequently transferring in 1761 to Harwich , another borough where the seat was in the government's gift. Public attention was first drawn to his abilities in 1753, when he delivered a lively attack against Lord Hardwicke 's marriage bill, although this measure passed into law . From 1749 – April 1754, Townshend was a member of the Board of Trade . It
224-429: Is styled Viscount Raynham . Between 1807 and 1855 the courtesy title was Earl of Leicester (although the title was not used from 1811 to 1855 as there was no a real heir apparent to the marquessate during this period, but earldom "usurped" by John Dunn-Gardner in 1823–1843), while from 1782 to 1855 the courtesy title used by the heir apparent to the earldom of Leicester was Lord Ferrers of Chartley (and consequently
256-566: Is the present holder's son, whose heir apparent is his son Rafe Thomas Townshend (born 2014). Peerage of Great Britain The Peerage of Great Britain comprises all extant peerages created in the Kingdom of Great Britain between the Acts of Union 1707 and the Acts of Union 1800 . It replaced the Peerage of England and the Peerage of Scotland , but was itself replaced by
288-545: The House of Commons . His younger son, the third Baronet (who succeeded his elder brother), played an important role in the restoration of the monarchy after the Civil War and was also Member of Parliament for Norfolk. In 1661 he was created Baron Townshend , of Lynn Regis in the County of Norfolk, and in 1682 he was further honoured when he was made Viscount Townshend , of Raynham in the County of Norfolk. Both titles were in
320-840: The House of Lords until the Peerage Act 1963 which gave Scottish Peers an automatic right to sit in the Lords. In the following table of peers of Great Britain, holders of higher or equal titles in the other peerages are listed. Those peers who are known by a higher title in one of the other peerages are listed in italics . The ranks of the peerage are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount , and Baron . Marquesses, earls, viscounts and barons are all addressed as 'Lord X', where 'X' represents either their territory or surname pertaining to their title. Marchionesses, countesses, viscountesses and baronesses are all addressed as 'Lady X'. Dukes and duchesses are addressed just as 'Duke' or 'Duchess' or, in
352-499: The Peerage of England . He was succeeded by his son, the second Viscount. He was a prominent statesman and served as Secretary of State for the Northern Department from 1714 to 1716 and from 1721 to 1730. Lord Townshend is also remembered for the agricultural reforms he undertook at his Norfolk estate and gained the nickname "Turnip Townshend". His eldest son, the third Viscount, briefly represented Great Yarmouth in
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#1732772459079384-465: The Peerage of the United Kingdom in 1801. The ranks of the Peerage of Great Britain are Duke , Marquess , Earl , Viscount and Baron . Until the passage of the House of Lords Act 1999 , all peers of Great Britain could sit in the House of Lords . Some peerages of Great Britain were created for peers in the Peerage of Scotland and Peerage of Ireland as they did not have an automatic seat in
416-570: The Baroness Greenwich, and his brother, George Townshend, became the Lord-lieutenant of Ireland. He was born at his family's seat of Raynham Hall in Norfolk , England , the second son of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend , and Audrey (died 1788), daughter and heiress of Edward Harrison of Ball's Park, near Hertford. He was a sickly child, had epilepsy , and had a strained relationship with his parents. Townshend
448-507: The Exchequer from 1766 to 1767. The politician Thomas Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney , after whom the town of Sydney , Australia , was named, was the son of the Hon. Thomas Townshend , second son of the second Viscount. Sydney's grandson was the Liberal politician John Townshend, 1st Earl Sydney . Charles Townshend, 1st Baron Bayning , was the son of the Hon. William Townshend , third son of
480-469: The House of Commons. However, in 1723, during his father's lifetime, he was summoned to the House of Lords through a writ of acceleration in his father's junior title of Baron Townshend (although he was styled "Lord Lynn", taken from the territorial designation of the barony, to distinguish him from his father). Lord Townshend later served as Lord Lieutenant of Norfolk . He was succeeded by his eldest son,
512-585: The Household . His son, the third Marquess, was childless. On his death in 1855 the earldom of Leicester became extinct while the baronies of Ferrers of Chartley and Compton fell into abeyance . He was succeeded in the other titles by his first cousin, the fourth Marquess. He was the son of Lord John Townshend , second son of the first Marquess. Lord Townshend was a Rear-Admiral in the Royal Navy and also sat as Member of Parliament for Tamworth . His son,
544-541: The Peerage of England. As noted above, due to being of the same name as the primary title, the Viscountcy has been called "Viscount Raynham" and the Barony "Baron Lynn". The family seat is Raynham Hall , Fakenham , Norfolk . Charles George Townshend, 8th Marquess Townshend (born 26 September 1945) is the son of the 7th Marquess and his wife Elizabeth Pamela Audrey Luby. He was styled as Viscount Raynham from birth and
576-623: The Prime Minister for increased power were favorably answered, and he was admitted to the inner circle of the cabinet. The new chancellor proposed the continuance of the land tax at four shillings in the pound, while he held out hopes that it might be reduced next year to three shillings, whereupon his predecessor, William Dowdeswell , by the aid of the landed gentlemen, carried a motion that the reduction should take effect at once. Townshend pledged to find revenue in America with which to meet
608-493: The baronies Ferrers of Chartley and Compton . In 1784, 23 years before he succeeded his father, he was created Earl of Leicester in the Peerage of Great Britain. His choice of title derived from his descent from Lady Lucy Sydney, daughter of Robert Sidney, 2nd Earl of Leicester (a title which had become extinct in 1743). Lord Townshend later held office as Master of the Mint , as Joint Postmaster General and as Lord Steward of
640-691: The deficiency caused by the reduction. Early in 1767, shortly after The Stamp Act was repealed owing to colonial protests and boycotts of British goods, Townshend proposed that the Parliament could procure revenue from the Americans without causing them offense via "external" import taxes instead of internal taxes. These were known as the Townshend Acts . The Acts passed resolutions for taxing several exports to America, such as glass , paint , paper and tea . The Townshend Acts established
672-452: The fifth Marquess, also represented Tamworth in Parliament (as a Liberal ). As of 2013 the titles are held by the latter's great-grandson, the eighth Marquess, who succeeded his father in April 2010. Several other members of the Townshend family have also gained distinction. Charles Townshend , second son of the third Viscount, was a prominent statesman and orator and served as Chancellor of
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#1732772459079704-564: The fourth Viscount. He was a Field Marshal in the Army and served as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland and as Master-General of the Ordnance . In 1787 he was created Marquess Townshend in the Peerage of Great Britain . Lord Townshend married as his first wife Charlotte Compton, 16th Baroness Ferrers of Chartley and 7th Baroness Compton . He was succeeded by his eldest son, the second Marquess. He had already on his mother's death in 1770 succeeded in
736-425: The lucrative office of treasurer of the chamber was given to Townshend, but he retired the following Spring and George Grenville took over. The higher post of First Lord of the Admiralty then fell to Townshend's lot and his refusal to accept the nomination led to his exclusion from the new administration. In the dying days of Grenville's cabinet, to retain the administration of Lord Rockingham , Townshend accepted
768-505: The position of Paymaster of The Forces , though he questioned the stability of the administration, calling it a "mere Lute-string administration" and stating that it was "pretty 'summer wear', but it will never stand the winter." Under the ministry of William Pitt the Elder, Townshend accepted the role of Chancellor of the Exchequer in August 1766. A few weeks later his urgent appeals to
800-411: The second Viscount. See also Roger Townshend , Admiral George Townshend , Lord Charles Townshend , Lord John Townshend , Lord Charles Townshend , Lord James Townshend , Charles Fox Townshend and Major-General Sir Charles Vere Ferrers Townshend . As Lord Townshend holds no titles with names different from his main title, the territorial designation from his viscountcy is used for his heir, who
832-646: Was a British politician who held various titles in the Parliament of Great Britain . His establishment of the controversial Townshend Acts is considered one of the key causes of the American Revolution . Townshend was born at Raynham Hall in Norfolk, England, as the second son of Charles Townshend, 3rd Viscount Townshend, and Audrey Harrison . A sickly child, he later graduated from Leiden University and served in various political roles, including as
864-600: Was a brash young man, whose "wonderful endowments [were] dashed with follies and indiscretions." Charles graduated from the Dutch Leiden University on 27 October 1745; while there he had associated with a small group of other English youth, who later became well known in various circles, including Dowdeswell , Wilkes , and Alexander Carlyle . The latter would chronicle their exploits in his Autobiography . Following his return in 1746, he represented Great Yarmouth in Parliament until 1756, when he found
896-444: Was a talented (amateur) actor under 14 years of age but died unamarried. Townshend's wife was created (August 1767) baroness Greenwich , and his elder brother George Townshend, 1st Marquess Townshend , was made Lord-lieutenant of Ireland . Townshend conceived a great and dangerous passion for his step-daughter Frances Douglas, Lady Douglas , and her memorialist, Lady Louisa Stuart , wrote after his death of his character: This
928-561: Was careless, gay, inconsiderate, volatile, seemingly foreign to every serious reflection or feeling. He had one of those happy tempers which nothing can ruffle, without a grain of pride, sternness or resentment in his nature. Ready to laugh with every body and at every thing, he poured out wit in torrents; and it was so much the worse for truth if ever truth stood in wit's way. The American towns of Townsend, Massachusetts and Townshend, Vermont were founded and named after Charles Townshend in 1732 and 1753, respectively. Raynham, Massachusetts
960-460: Was during this time that he first showed an interest in increasing British powers of taxation and control over the American colonies. In 1754 and 1755, he served as Lord of the Admiralty , but at the close of 1755, his passionate attack against the policy of the ministry caused his resignation. In the administration which was formed in November 1756, and which was ruled by William Pitt the Elder ,
992-620: Was educated at Eton College . On 23 April 2010 he succeeded as Marquess Townshend (G.B., 1787), Viscount Townshend of Raynham (E., 1682), and Baron Townshend of Lynn Regis (E., 1682), and also became the 13th Townshend baronet , of Rainham, Norfolk (1617). On 9 October 1975, he married firstly Hermione Ponsonby, daughter of Lt.-Commander Robert Martin Dominic Ponsonby RN and Dorothy Edith Jane Lane. In 1990 he married, secondly Alison Combs, daughter of Sir Willis Ide Combs. With his first wife he has two children: The heir apparent
Marquess Townshend - Misplaced Pages Continue
1024-455: Was not used from 1811 to 1855 as there was no a real heir apparent either to the earldom or marquessate). The current Marquess holds the subsidiary titles: Viscount Townshend , of Raynham in the County of Norfolk (created 1682); Baron Townshend , of Lynn Regis in the County of Norfolk (created 1661); Townshend Baronet , 'of Raynham in the County of Norfolk' (created 1617), all of which in
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