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52-613: Martin Alan Feldman (8 July 1934 – 2 December 1982) was a British actor, comedian and comedy writer. He was known for his prominent , misaligned eyes. He initially gained prominence as a writer with Barry Took on the ITV sitcom Bootsie and Snudge and the BBC Radio comedy programme Round the Horne . He became known as a performer on At Last the 1948 Show (co-writing

104-623: A Comic Genius , which was brought to light following Lauretta's death. It was published in 2012 with a foreword by Eric Idle . Feldman was a heavy cigarette smoker for most of his life, often smoking four or five packets daily. He died of a heart attack in a hotel room in Mexico City on 2 December 1982 at age 48 during the making of the film Yellowbeard ; the film was subsequently dedicated to him. According to an editor's note in Feldman's posthumously published autobiography, Graham Chapman

156-660: A UK listenership on LW and therefore DAB Services allowed, by this popular demand, it to be now available 24/7 for this audience in better quality reception. BBC Radio services are broadcast on various FM and AM frequencies, DAB digital radio and live streaming on BBC Sounds , which is available worldwide. They are also available on digital television in the UK, and archived programmes are available for 30 days or more after broadcast on BBC Sounds; many shows are available as podcasts. The BBC also syndicates radio and podcast content to radio stations and other broadcasting services around

208-574: A comedy act—Morris, Marty and Mitch—who made their first television appearance on the BBC series Showcase in April 1955. Later in the decade, Feldman worked on the scripts for Educating Archie in both its radio and television incarnations, with Ronald Chesney and later, Ronald Wolfe. In 1954, Feldman met Barry Took while both were working as performers, and with Took, he eventually formed an enduring writing partnership which lasted until 1974. They wrote

260-817: A different service from the domestic audience the Corporation started the BBC Empire Service on short wave in 1932, originally in English but it soon provided programmes in other languages. At the start of the Second World War it was renamed The Overseas Service and is now known as the BBC World Service . Beginning in March 1964, Radio Caroline became the first of what would become ten offshore pirate radio stations that began to ring

312-427: A few episodes of The Army Game (1960) and the bulk of Bootsie and Snudge (1960–62), both situation comedies made by Granada Television for the ITV network. For BBC Radio they wrote Round the Horne (1964–67), their best-remembered comedy series, which starred Kenneth Horne and Kenneth Williams . (The last series of Round the Horne, in 1968, was written by others.) This work placed Feldman and Took 'in

364-613: A few months prior to Radio London's closure, The Perfumed Garden got more fan mail than the rest of the pop DJs on Radio London combined, so much that staff wondered what to do with it all. The reason it got so much mail was that it played different music and was the beginning of the "album rock" genre. On Everett's suggestion, Radio London's PAMS jingles were commissioned to be re-recorded in Dallas , Texas , so that " Wonderful Radio London " became " Wonderful Radio One on BBC ". The BBC's more popular stations have encountered pressure from

416-488: A gown manufacturer. His parents were Ukrainian Jewish immigrants from Kyiv . He recalled his childhood as "solitary" especially during his years of evacuation to the countryside during the Second World War . Feldman suffered from thyroid disease and developed Graves' ophthalmopathy , causing his eyes to protrude and become misaligned . Bruce Baum drew inspiration therefrom to record "Marty Feldman Eyes",

468-551: A novelty." Leaving school at 15, Feldman worked at the Dreamland funfair in Margate , but had dreams of a career as a jazz trumpeter, and performed in the first group in which tenor saxophonist Tubby Hayes was a member. Feldman joked that he was "the world's worst trumpet player." By the age of 20, he had decided to pursue a career as a comedian. Although his early performing career was undistinguished, Feldman became part of

520-416: A parody of " Bette Davis Eyes ", in 1981. A childhood injury, a car crash, a boating accident, and reconstructive eye surgery may also have contributed to his appearance. He later described his appearance as a factor in his career success: "If I aspired to be Robert Redford , I'd have my eyes straightened and my nose fixed and end up like every other lousy actor, with two lines on Kojak . But this way, I'm

572-462: A playful cameo comparing their eyes side by side. During the course of his career, Feldman recorded two albums, Marty (1968) and I Feel a Song Going Off (1969), re-released in 1971 as The Crazy World of Marty Feldman . The songs on his second album were written by Denis King , John Junkin and Bill Solly (a writer for Max Bygraves and The Two Ronnies ). It was later released as a CD in 2007. From January 1959 until his death in 1982, Feldman

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624-521: A purely digital format – they can be received via DAB Digital Radio , UK digital television (satellite, cable and Freeview ) plus live streams and listen again on BBC Sounds . The current stations are: The BBC also operates radio stations for three UK nations: Wales , Scotland , and Northern Ireland . These stations focus on local issues to a greater extent than their UK-wide counterparts, organising live phone-in debates about these issues, as well as lighter talk shows with music from different decades of

676-406: A socialist!" Nevertheless, he generally did not seriously discuss politics in public, and once stated: "I feel it would be presumptuous for me to make any statements about American politics because I'm a guest here." An exception was during a promotional tour for The Last Remake of Beau Geste, when he denounced the campaign led by Anita Bryant against homosexuality. Another exception was after

728-416: Is because the lacrimal glands are located superiorly and laterally in the orbit. Measurement of the degree of exophthalmos is performed using an exophthalmometer . Most sources define exophthalmos/proptosis as a protrusion of the globe greater than 18 mm. The term exophthalmos is often used when describing proptosis associated with Graves' disease . Exophthalmos is commonly found in dogs . It

780-496: Is seen in brachycephalic (short-nosed) dog breeds because of the shallow orbit . It can lead to keratitis secondary to exposure of the cornea . Exophthalmos is commonly seen in the pug , Boston terrier , Pekingese , and shih tzu . It is a common result of head trauma and pressure exerted on the front of the neck too hard in dogs. In cats, eye proptosis is uncommon and is often accompanied by facial fractures. About 40% of proptosed eyes retain vision after being replaced in

832-605: Is the world's largest international broadcaster, broadcasting in 27 languages to many parts of the world via analogue and digital shortwave, internet streaming and podcasting, satellite, FM and MW relays and simulcast on Radio 4 from 01:00-05:20 BST and Radio Cymru from 00:00-05:30 BST. It is politically independent (by mandate of the Agreement providing details of the topics outlined in the BBC Charter), non-profit, and commercial-free. The English language service had always had

884-467: The Marine, &c., Broadcasting (Offences) Act 1967 , which virtually wiped out all of the pirate stations at midnight on 14 August 1967, by banning any British citizen from working for a pirate station. Only Radio Caroline survived, and continues to broadcast today, though the last original offshore broadcast was in 1989. One of the stations, Radio London (also known as "Big L"), was so successful that

936-453: The NCBI , the following conditions feature exophthalmos: Proptosis is the anterior displacement of the eye from the orbit. Since the orbit is closed off posteriorly, medially and laterally, any enlargement of structures located within will cause the anterior displacement of the eye. Swelling or enlargement of the lacrimal gland causes inferior medial and anterior dislocation of the eye. This

988-425: The orbit , but in cats very few retain vision. Replacement of the eye requires general anesthesia . The eyelids are pulled outward, and the eye is gently pushed back into place. The eyelids are sewn together in a procedure known as tarsorrhaphy for about five days to keep the eye in place. Replaced eyes have a higher rate of keratoconjunctivitis sicca and keratitis and often require lifelong treatment. If

1040-570: The sex comedy 40 Gradi All'Ombra del Lenzuolo ( Sex with a Smile ). He later appeared in The Adventure of Sherlock Holmes' Smarter Brother and Brooks' Silent Movie , as well as directing and starring in The Last Remake of Beau Geste . He also guest-starred in "Arabian Nights", an episode of The Muppet Show in which he was teamed up with several Sesame Street characters, especially Cookie Monster , with whom he shared

1092-483: The " Four Yorkshiremen sketch " which Monty Python would perform) and Marty , the latter of which won Feldman two British Academy Television Awards including Best Entertainment Performance in 1969. Feldman went on to appear in films such as The Bed Sitting Room and Every Home Should Have One , the latter of which was one of the most popular comedies at the British box office in 1970. In 1971, he starred in

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1144-444: The 1948 Show raised Feldman's profile as a performer. The other three participants (future Monty Python members Graham Chapman and John Cleese ; and future star of The Goodies Tim Brooke-Taylor ) needed a fourth cast member, and had Feldman in mind. In a sketch broadcast on 1 March 1967, Feldman's character harassed a patient shop assistant (played by Cleese) regarding a series of fictitious books, achieving success with Ethel

1196-436: The 2000s and 2010s, catering to the appetite from young audiences for recent nostalgia”; one from Radio 2, with “‘a distinctive take on pop nostalgia’ from the 50s, 60s and 70s”; and one from Radio 3 for “calming classical music”. In addition, Radio 1 Dance would launch on DAB expanded programming. The BBC today runs national domestic radio stations, six of which are available in analogue formats (via FM or AM), while other have

1248-542: The 20th and 21st centuries. Compared to the majority of the UK's commercially funded radio stations, which generally broadcast little beyond contemporary popular music, the BBC's "national regional" stations offer a more diverse range of programming. There are forty BBC Local Radio services across England and the Channel Islands , often catering to individual counties , cities, or wider regions. BBC World Service

1300-632: The Aardvark Goes Quantity Surveying . His character in At Last the 1948 Show was often called Mr. Pest, according to Cleese. Feldman was co-author—along with Chapman, Cleese and Brooke-Taylor—of the sketch "Four Yorkshiremen" , which was written for At Last the 1948 Show , later adapted by Monty Python for their stage performances. Feldman was given his own series on the BBC, Marty , in 1968; it featured Brooke-Taylor, John Junkin and Roland MacLeod , with Cleese as one of

1352-471: The BBC could be broken, other parties became attracted to the idea of creating a new commercial radio station specifically for this purpose. It was an important forerunner of pirate radio and modern commercial radio in the United Kingdom. The onset of World War II silenced all but one of the original IBC stations, with only Radio Luxembourg continuing its nightly transmissions to Britain. To provide

1404-566: The BBC through its General Post Office , which had original control of the airwaves because they had been interpreted under law as an extension of the Post Office services. Today radio broadcasting still makes up a large part of the corporation's output – the title of the BBC's listings magazine, Radio Times , reflects this. On 1 January 1927, the British Broadcasting Company was succeeded in monopoly control of

1456-424: The BBC was told to copy it as best they could. This led to a complete overhaul by Frank Gillard , the BBC's director of radio output, creating the four analogue channels that still form the basis of its broadcasting today. The creator of Radio 1 told the press that his family had been fans of Radio London. The BBC hired many out-of-work broadcasting staff who had come from the former offshore stations. Kenny Everett

1508-462: The British coastline, mostly along the south-east coast. By 1966 millions were tuning into these commercial stations, and the BBC was rapidly losing its radio listening audience. This was largely due to the fact that even though they were fully aware of the problem, the BBC still only played a few hours of pop music records a week, as opposed to the pirates which broadcast chart music and new releases every day. The British government reacted by passing

1560-806: The English Midlands. BBC Radio 1Xtra , 4 Extra , 5 Sports Extra , 6 Music and the World Service broadcast only on DAB and BBC Sounds, while Radio 1's Dance stream is available only online. All of the BBC's national radio stations broadcast from bases in London and Manchester , usually in or near to Broadcasting House or MediaCityUK . However, the BBC's network production units located in Belfast , Birmingham , Bristol , Cardiff and Glasgow also make radio programmes. The BBC's radio services began in 1922. The British Government licensed

1612-500: The UK, a former British Royal Air Force captain and entrepreneur (and from 1935 Conservative Party MP ) named Leonard Plugge set up his own International Broadcasting Company in 1931. The IBC began leasing time on transmitters in continental Europe and then reselling it as sponsored English-language programming aimed at audiences in Britain and Ireland. Because Plugge successfully demonstrated that state monopolies such as that of

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1664-516: The United Kingdom . To this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to "inform, educate and entertain". Although no other broadcasting organisation was licensed in the UK until 1973, commercial competition soon opened up from overseas. The English language service of Radio Luxembourg began in 1933 as one of the earliest commercial radio stations broadcasting to Britain and Ireland. With no possibility of domestic commercial broadcasting in

1716-568: The United Kingdom under the terms of a royal charter since 1927. The service provides national radio stations covering the majority of musical genres, as well as local radio stations covering local news, affairs and interests. It also oversees online audio content. Of the national radio stations, BBC Radio 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 and 5 Live are all available through analogue radio ( MW or FM , also BBC Radio 4 broadcasts on longwave ) as well as on DAB Digital Radio and BBC Sounds . The Asian Network broadcasts on DAB and selected AM frequencies in

1768-562: The airwaves by the British Broadcasting Corporation , under the terms of a royal charter . John Reith , who had been the founding managing director of the commercial company, became the first Director-General. He expounded firm principles of centralised, all-encompassing radio broadcasting, stressing programming standards and moral tone. These he set out in his 1924 autobiography, Broadcast Over Britain , influencing modern ideas of public service broadcasting in

1820-550: The comedy-variety sketch series for ATV called The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine . In 1974, he appeared as Igor in Mel Brooks ' Young Frankenstein , for which he received the first Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor . He died in 1982 of a heart attack while filming Yellowbeard in Mexico City . Feldman was born on 8 July 1934 in Canning Town , East London , the son of Cecilia (née Crook) and Myer Feldman,

1872-407: The commercial sector. John Myers , who had developed commercial brands such as Century Radio and Real Radio , was asked in the first quarter of 2011 to conduct a review into the efficiencies of Radios 1, 2, 1Xtra and 6 Music. His role, according to Andrew Harrison, the chief executive of RadioCentre, was "to identify both areas of best practice and possible savings." On 30 September 1967: With

1924-454: The damage is severe, the eye is removed in a relatively simple surgery known as enucleation of the eye . The prognosis for a replaced eye is determined by the extent of damage to the cornea and sclera , the presence or absence of a pupillary light reflex , and the presence of ruptured rectus muscles . The rectus muscles normally help hold the eye in place and direct eye movement. Rupture of more than two rectus muscles usually requires

1976-602: The earlier series. On film, in Mel Brooks ' Young Frankenstein (1974), Feldman played Igor (pronounced "EYE-gore", a comic response to Gene Wilder 's claim that 'it's pronounced FRONK-en-steen'). Many lines in Young Frankenstein were improvised. Wilder said he had Feldman in mind when he wrote the part. Feldman's performances on American television included The Dean Martin Show . In 1976, Feldman ventured into Italian cinema , starring with Dayle Haddon in

2028-419: The eye to be removed, because significant blood vessel and nerve damage also usually occurs. Compared to brachycephalic breeds, dochilocephalic (long-nosed) breeds usually have more trauma to the eye and its surrounding structures, so the prognosis is worse. BBC Radio BBC Radio is an operational business division and service of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which has operated in

2080-452: The eyelids to fail to close during sleep, leading to corneal dryness and damage. Another possible complication is a form of redness or irritation called superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis , in which the area above the cornea becomes inflamed as a result of increased friction when blinking. The process that is causing the displacement of the eye may also compress the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery , and lead to blindness . According to

2132-499: The front rank of comedy writers', according to Denis Norden . Feldman then became the chief writer and script editor on The Frost Report (1966–67). With John Law, he co-wrote the much-shown "Class" sketch , in which John Cleese , Ronnie Barker and Ronnie Corbett faced the audience, with their descending order of height, suggesting their relative social status as upper class (Cleese), middle class (Barker) and working class (Corbett). The television sketch comedy series At Last

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2184-737: The globe, through its BBC Radio International business, which is part of BBC Studios . Programmes regularly syndicated by BBC Radio International include: In Concert (live rock music recordings from BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2, including an archive dating back to 1971); interviews, live sessions and music shows; classical music (including performances from the BBC Proms); spoken word (music documentaries, dramas, readings, features and comedies, mainly from BBC Radio 4) and channels, including BBC Radio 1. BBC Radio International also provides many services internationally including in-flight entertainment, subscription, and satellite services. BBC Radio International

2236-459: The increased rollout of Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) between 1995 and 2002, BBC Radio launched several new digital-only stations BBC 1Xtra , BBC 6 Music and BBC 7 in 2002 on 16 August, 11 March and 15 December respectively – the first for "new black British music", the second as a source of performance-based "alternative" music, the latter specialising in archive classic comedy shows, drama and children's programmes. BBC Asian Network joined

2288-411: The judge after it was implied that Feldman had no religion because he was not Christian. Feldman was a lacto-ovo vegetarian . In a 1979 interview, when asked how long he had practised this, he stated: "I was about five and a half or six when I converted; I'm forty-three now, so it's been approximately thirty-eight years." Feldman wrote an autobiography, Eye Marty: The Newly Discovered Autobiography of

2340-500: The murder of his friend John Lennon . Feldman subsequently became an anti-gun advocate in the US, even wearing an anti-gun t-shirt and hat pin during his appearance on the late night TV show Fridays . In 1971, Feldman gave evidence in favour of the defendants in the obscenity trial for Oz magazine. He chose not to swear on the Bible , but to affirm . Throughout his testimony, he mocked

2392-599: The national DAB network on 28 October 2002. The stations had "Radio" added to their names in 2008. In 2011, BBC Radio 7 was renamed BBC Radio 4 Extra and the service was more closely aligned with Radio 4. At the start of the 2020s, two Radio 1 spin-offs were launched on BBC Sounds , BBC Radio 1 Dance in October 2020, followed by BBC Radio 1 Relax in April 2021. In February 2024, the corporation announced plans to launch three new spin-offs, pending public consultation and regulatory approval: one from Radio 1 for “music from

2444-633: The writers. Feldman won two BAFTA awards. The second series in 1969 was retitled It's Marty (this title being retained for the DVD release of the series). Marty proved popular enough with an international audience (the first series winning the Golden Rose Award at Montreux) to launch a film career. Feldman's first feature film role was in Every Home Should Have One (1970). The Marty Feldman Comedy Machine (1971–72)

2496-543: Was a television series co-produced by Associated Television (ATV) in the UK and the American Broadcasting Company , produced at ATV's Elstree Studios , near London. This vehicle lasted for just one series. In 1974, Dennis Main Wilson produced a short BBC sketch series for Feldman titled Marty Back Together Again —a reference to reports about the star's health—but it never captured the impact of

2548-479: Was asked for input in how to run the new pop station due to his popularity with both listeners and fellow presenters. Tony Blackburn , who presented the first Radio 1 Breakfast show, had previously presented the morning show on Radio Caroline and later on Radio London. He attempted to duplicate the same sound for Radio 1. Among the other DJs hired was John Peel , who had presented the overnight show on Radio London, called The Perfumed Garden . Though it only ran for

2600-511: Was described as an "avowed socialist ", telling one interviewer, "I'm a socialist by conviction, if not by lifestyle", and another, "I'm a socialist from way back, but in order to pay my back taxes I have to live in America to earn enough money to pay the back tax I owe to the socialist government that I voted in." He later joked that when a Labour cabinet minister said to him, "Of course you vote Labour", Feldman replied, "No, I don't, because I'm

2652-486: Was married to Lauretta Sullivan, with whom he had two children. She died in 2010, at the age of 74, in Studio City, Los Angeles . Feldman's peers have reported, in a number of biographies, that he was highly attractive to women in spite of his unconventional facial appearance. He spent time in jazz clubs, as he found a parallel between 'riffing' in a comedy partnership and the improvisation of jazz. Politically, Feldman

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2704-518: Was with him at the time of his death. Feldman is buried in the Garden of Heritage at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery , California, near his idol, Buster Keaton . Also director & writer Exophthalmos In the case of Graves' disease, the displacement of the eye results from abnormal connective tissue deposition in the orbit and extraocular muscles , which can be visualized by CT or MRI . If left untreated, exophthalmos can cause

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