54-682: Marvel Legacy is a 2017–18 relaunch of a line of American comic books published by Marvel Comics . It is concurrent with All-New, All-Different Marvel and Marvel NOW! 2.0 . On April 22, 2017, Marvel Comics announced Marvel Legacy at the Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo . The goal of the Legacy initiative was to bring a greater focus to Marvel's core superheroes, unlike recent relaunches such as Marvel NOW! , which gave prominence to newer and younger heroes. Marvel Entertainment 's chief creative officer Joe Quesada stated that company
108-475: A Colorchange Post Card followed, featuring identical pictures on each side of the corrugations that were sprayed with different "liquid pigment or coloring matter" on (parts of) each side. The oldest known publication about using a line sheet as a parallax barrier to produce an autostereogram is found in an article by Auguste Berthier in the French scientific magazine "Le Cosmos" of May 1896. Berthier's idea
162-590: A Marvel Cinematic Universe -style post credits scenes ; he also shows up alongside Captain Marvel and Star-Lord as one of the holders of the Infinity Gems in a crossover event. In addition, the original Jean Grey returns in her own limited series titled Phoenix Resurrection: The Return of Jean Grey in December followed by X-Men Red , which sees Jean Grey establish her own team of X-Men that consists of
216-487: A Stereograph of an interlaced stereoscopic picture and "a transparent mount for said picture having a corrugated or channeled surface". The corrugated lines or channels were not yet really lenticular, but this is the first known autostereogram that used a corrugated transparent surface rather than the opaque lines of most barrier grid stereograms. French Nobel Prize winning physicist Gabriel Lippmann represented Eugène Estanave at several presentations of Estanave's works at
270-1031: A US patent for a Stereoscopic picture with a "celluloid covering having a surface composed of cylindrical lens elements". US patent 1,128,979 (published 16 February 1915) was one of several patents in different countries he would register for this technique. The company Stereo-Photographie A.G., registered in Zürich in 1914 and 1915, would produce pictures on transparencies through Hess' process. Few examples of these pictures are still known to have survived. They are circa 3 1/6 × 4 inches black and white pictures (with discolored or intentional hues) and labeled on their passe-partouts "Stereo-Photo nach W.R. Hess - Stereo-Photographie A.G. Zürich. Patente: "Schweiz / Deutschland / Frankreich / Italien / England / Oesterreich / Vereinigte Staaten angemeldet". The Société française de photographie has three lenticular "Stereo-photo" plates in their collection, three more were on auction in 2017. Herbert E. Ives , son of Frederic Eugene Ives,
324-468: A camera and record the surroundings from a slightly different angle than neighboring lenses. When developed and lit from behind the lenses should project the life-size image of the recorded subject in space. He could not yet present concrete results in March 1908, but by the end of 1908 he claimed to have exposed some Integral photography plates and to have seen the "resulting single, full-sized image". However,
378-630: A collectible cover variant for comic books since the 1990s; Marvel , DC , and other publishers have created such covers with animated or 3D effects. In August 1967 the trademark Lentograph was filed by Victor Anderson 3D Studios, Inc. (registered in October 1968). Lentographs were marketed as relatively large lenticular plates (16 x 12 inches / 12 × 8 inches), often found in an illuminated brass frame. Commonly found are 3D pictures of Paul Cunningham's biblical displays with sculpted figurines in dramatic poses based on paintings (Plate 501–508),
432-453: A composite stereograph". The description does not include changing pictures or animation concepts. During World War II, research for military purposes was done into 3D imaging, including lenticular technologies. Mass production of plastics and the technique of injection moulding came about around the same period and enabled commercially viable production of lenticular sheets for novelty toys and advertisements. Victor G. Anderson worked for
486-417: A corrugated or channeled surface". In 1912, Louis Chéron described in his French patent 443,216 a screen with long vertical lenses that would be sufficient for recording "stereoscopic depth and the shifting of the relations of objects to each other as the viewer moved", while he suggested pinholes for integral photography. In June 1912, Swiss Nobel Prize winning physiologist Walter Rudolf Hess applied for
540-615: A covered bridge. In 1967 Bhutan introduced lenticular 3D postage stamps as one of the many unusual stamp designs of the Bhutan Stamp Agency initiated by American businessman Burt Kerr Todd. Countries like Ajman, Yemen, Manama, Umm Al Qiwain and North Korea released lenticular stamps in the 1970s. Animated lenticular stamps have been issued since the early 1980s by countries like North Korea. In 2004 full motion lenticular postage stamps were issued in New Zealand. Over
594-408: A family of teddy bears in a domestic scene, Plate No. 106 Evening Flowers , Plate No. 115 Goldilocks and 3 bears , Plate No. 124 Bijou (a white poodle), Plate No. 121 Midday Respite (a taxidermied young deer in a forest setting), Plate No. 213 Red Riding Hood . Also known are a harbor scene (Plate No. 114), Plate No. 118 Japanese Floral , Plate No. 123 Faustus (a yorky dog) and Plate No. 212 of
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#1732772580744648-450: A lenticular print with a stereoscopic 3D effect. 3D effects can be achieved only in a lateral (side-by-side) orientation, as each of the viewer's eyes must see them from a slightly different angle to achieve the stereoscopic effect. Other effects, like morphs, motion, and zooms work better (with less ghosting or latent effects) in top-to-bottom orientation, but can be achieved in both orientations. There are many commercial processes in
702-404: A line can be published under an imprint but not always be part of a larger continuity within their imprint (such as The Punisher MAX line which is not in continuity with most other Marvel Max titles). A line can consist of several different titles, ongoing series, limited series, one-shots, annuals, specials or trades and be by many different artists but are advertised and marketed as part of
756-404: A photographic 3D image of an Edison bust surrounded by some inventions. A 10 x 12 cm full color picture of a model promoting Kodel followed on 7 April. The technique was soon trademarked as "xograph" by Cowles' daughter company Visual Panographics Inc. Magazines like Look and Venture published xographs until the mid-1970s. Some baseball cards were produced as xographs. Images produced by
810-462: A separate continuity or more loose continuity (such as Vertigo by DC Comics ) or exploring a kind of subject matter and or genre which the publisher does not want to involve in their main franchise or so called "universe". Often lines which explore more "realistic" or "dark" subject matters are published under a companies sub imprints (such as Ultimate Marvel or MAX by Marvel Comics ) to distinguish it from their main superhero lines. Sometimes
864-410: A transparent sheet of plastic or with a layer of transparent, which in turn is printed with several layers of varnish to create the lenses. The lenses are accurately aligned with the interlaces of the image, so that light reflected off each strip is refracted in a slightly different direction, but the light from all pixels originating from the same original image is sent in the same direction. The result
918-408: Is that a single eye looking at the print sees a single whole image, but two eyes will see different images, which leads to stereoscopic 3D perception. There are three distinct types of lenticular prints, distinguished by how great a change in angle of view is required to change the image: With static (non-motorized) lenticular, the viewer either moves the piece or moves past the piece in order to see
972-490: The Sperry Corporation during World War II where 3D imaging was used for military instructional products, for instance on how to use a bomb sight. After the war Anderson started his company Pictorial Productions Inc . A patent application for a Process in the assembling of changeable picture display devices was filed on 1 March 1952 and granted on 3 December 1957 (US patent 2,815,310. Anderson stated in 1996 that
1026-482: The album cover for the Rolling Stones' 1967 LP Their Satanic Majesties Request was manufactured by Vari-Vue, as well as the postcards and other promotional items that accompanied the release. Other lenticular LP covers include Johnny Cash's The Holy Land (1969) and The Stranglers' The Raven . In the 2010s lenticular covers for LPs became a bit more common, especially for deluxe re-releases. In 1973,
1080-419: The angle from which the print is viewed. If a sequence of images is used, it can even show a short animation. Though normally produced in sheet form by interlacing simple images or colors throughout the artwork, lenticular images can also be created in roll form with 3D effects or multi-color changes. Alternatively, several images of the same object, taken from slightly different angles, can be used to create
1134-409: The 16th century. Extant double paintings, with two distinct images on a corrugated panel, are known from the 17th century. H.C.J. Deeks used a similar technique with minute vertical corrugations pressed into photographic paper and then exposed to two different images from two different angles. Under a 1906 patent H.C.J. Deeks & Co marketed a Puzzle Post Card or Photochange Post Card . In 1907
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#17327725807441188-433: The 1950s and 1960s. By the late sixties, the company marketed about two thousand stock products including twelve-inch-square (30 cm) moving pattern and color sheets, large images (many religious), billboards, and novelty toys. The company went bankrupt in 1986. Look magazine of 25 February 1964 introduced the publisher's "parallax panoramagram" technology with 8 million copies of a 10x12 cm black and white card with
1242-649: The 1960s and 1970s, by the 1980s OptiGraphics was the only significant manufacturer remaining in the US. The techniques for lenticular printing were further improved in the 21st century. Lenticular full motion video effects or "motion print" enabled viewing of up to 60 video frames within a print. After their first presidential campaign badge I like Ike in 1952, Pictorial Productions Inc. made many more similar political campaign buttons, including presidential campaign badge like Don't blame me! – I voted democratic (1956), John F. Kennedy – The Man for
1296-545: The 1980s and 1990s. Marvel released limited quantities of lenticular covers for their Marvel Legacy titles that pay homage to older covers. They also reintroduced elements such as the Marvel Value Stamp—a collectable clip-and-save program—and the self-published fanzine FOOM . Marvel included three-page primer stories in select Legacy titles to provide background information on their characters for new readers. Written by Robbie Thompson and illustrated by Mark Bagley ,
1350-449: The 60s (1960), I Like Ben (1963) and I'm for Nixon (1968?). Official "flasher" badges for pop stars like Elvis Presley were manufactured by Vari-Vue at least since 1956, including badges for Beatles , Rolling Stones' and other bands in the 1960s. Pictorial Productions/Vari-Vue produced small animated picture cards for Cheerios in the 1950s, of which founder Victor Anderson claimed to have produced 40 million. He also stated that
1404-477: The French Academy of Sciences. On 2 March 1908 Lippmann presented his own ideas for " photographie intégrale ", based on insect eyes. He suggested to use a screen of tiny lenses. Spherical segments should be pressed into a sort of film with photographic emulsion on the other side. The screen would be placed inside a lightproof holder and on a tripod for stability. When exposed each tiny lens would function as
1458-568: The Velvet Underground 's Loaded 2CD version (1997), Kraftwerk 's " Expo 2000 " (1999) and David Bowie 's Hours (1999). Ministry 's The Last Sucker album (2007) had an image of George W. Bush changing into a monstrous, alien-like face. In 1996, alternative rock band Garbage produced a lenticular covered 7" vinyl for their " Milk " single release. In the 2010s, lenticular covers for movies on DVD and Blu-ray became quite common. Lenticular covers have also been used as
1512-667: The ability to change or move as they are viewed from different angles. Examples include flip and animation effects such as winking eyes, and modern advertising graphics whose messages change depending on the viewing angle. It can be used to create frames of animation , for a motion effect; offsetting the various layers at different increments, for a 3D effect; or simply to show sets of alternative images that appear to transform into each other. Colloquial terms for lenticular prints include "flickers", "winkies", "wiggle pictures", and "tilt cards". The trademarks Vari-Vue and Magic Motion are often used for lenticular pictures, without regard to
1566-494: The actual manufacturer. Lenticular printing is a multi-step process that consists of creating a lenticular image from at least two images, and placing it behind a lenticular lens. Once the images are collected, they are arranged in individual frame files, then digitally combined into a single file in a process called interlacing. Interlacing can be done manually using a raster graphics editor or using dedicated interlacing software. The interlaced image may be printed directly on
1620-425: The back (smooth side) of the lens, or on a substrate (ideally a synthetic paper) that is laminated to the lens. When printing on the backside of the lens, the critical registration of the fine "slices" of interlaced images must be absolutely correct during the lithographic or screen printing process to avoid "ghosting" and poor image definition. The combined lenticular print shows two or more images by changing
1674-411: The back of a piece of plastic, with a series of thin lenses molded into the opposite side. Alternatively, the images can be printed on paper, which is then bonded to the plastic. With the new technology, lenses are printed in the same printing operation as the interlaced image, either on both sides of a flat sheet of transparent material, or on the same side of a sheet of paper, the image being covered with
Marvel Legacy - Misplaced Pages Continue
1728-612: The band Saturnalia had lenticular labels on their Magical Love picture disc LP. From around the mid-1990s some lenticular CD covers were produced (mostly for limited editions), including Pet Shop Boys ' Alternative (1995) with an image of Chris changing into Neil, the Supersuckers ' The Sacrilicious Sounds of the Supersuckers (1995), Download 's Furnace album (1995) and Microscopic EP (1996), Tool 's Ænima (1996), The Wildhearts ' Fishing for Luckies (1996), Kylie Minogue 's Impossible Princess (1997),
1782-756: The cards were originally stuck to the outside of the packaging and were put inside the boxes only after too many cards were stolen before the boxes reached the store shelves. Many different lenticular "tilt cards" were produced as prizes in Cracker Jack boxes. These were first produced by Vari-Vue (1950s-1970s), later by Toppan Printing, Ltd. (1980s), and Optigraphics Corporation (1980s-1990s). In 1958 Victor Anderson patented an Ocular Toy : an eye glass mount with lenticular winking eyes. Lenticular images were used in many small and cheap plastic toys, often as gumball machine prizes. These include: miniature toy televisions with an animated lenticular screen, charms in
1836-465: The company ranged from just a few millimeters (0.1 inch) to 28 by 19.5 inches (71 by 50 cm). In the 1960s, more companies manufactured lenticular products, including Hallmark Cards (registering the Magic Motion trademark in 1964 ), Reflexa ( Nürnberg , Germany), Toppan (Tokyo, Japan) and Dai-Nippon (Japan). OptiGraphics Corporation of Grand Prairie, Texas was formed in 1970 and—under
1890-409: The company's first product was the I Like Ike button. The presidential campaign button's image changed from the slogan "I Like Ike" (in black letters on white) into a black and white picture of Ike Eisenhower when viewed from different angles. It was copyrighted on 14 May 1952. In December 1953 the company registered their trademark Vari-Vue. Vari-Vue further popularized lenticular images during
1944-491: The cover artwork for the opening issue, hinting at the possible return of Bruce Banner as Hulk and Tony Stark as Iron Man , Thor Odinson reclaiming Mjolnir , and the appearance of other superheroes in their classic costumes. The series also sees the return of the original Wolverine after his initial death , with three Marvel Legacy titles: Captain America , The Amazing Spider-Man and The Mighty Thor , each with
1998-480: The graphic effects. With motorized lenticular, a motor moves the graphics behind the lens, enabling the graphic effects while both the viewer and the display remain stationary. Corrugated images that change when viewed from different angles predate the development of lenticular printing. A few examples from the paleolithic era exist in French caves. Tabula scalata or "turning pictures" were popular in England since
2052-486: The guest in the storyline "Fate of the Four", which focuses on both heroes trying to solve the mystery of Reed and Sue 's disappearances, hinting at a possible Fantastic Four reunion. Following the release of Marvel Legacy #1, many Marvel comic series reverted to their classic cumulative numbering system. For their relaunching series, Marvel created a new and consistent cover design that aimed to recapture their work from
2106-556: The guidance of Victor Anderson, working well into his 80s. The company trademarked Magic Motion in 1976. Optigraphics produced the lenticular prizes for Cracker Jack in the 1980s, 7-Eleven Slurpee lenticular sports coins from 1983 to 1987, and in 1986 it produced the first set of 3D traditional baseball cards marketed as Sportflics, which ultimately led to the creation of Pinnacle Brands . In 1999 Performance Companies bought OptiGraphics after Pinnacle Trading Card Company went bankrupt in 1998. While lenticular images were popular in
2160-541: The lens, while high-resolution photographic lenticulars typically have the image laminated to the lens. Lenticular images saw a surge in popularity in the first decade of the 21st century, appearing on the cover of the May 2006 issue of Rolling Stone , trading cards , sports posters, and signs in stores that help to attract buyers. Each image is arranged (slicing) into strips, which are then interlaced with one or more similarly arranged images (splicing). These are printed on
2214-460: The line. So called crossover events are often followed by a line of tie-in comics to the event miniseries from other unrelated titles to connect them. Dark Horse Comics has several lines which focuses on their licensed film properties such as Alien , Predator and Star Wars . The Aliens line consists only of limited series, one-shots and graphic novels due to the publisher's wish to allow artistic freedom. Dark Horse's Star Wars line
Marvel Legacy - Misplaced Pages Continue
2268-444: The manufacture of lenticular images, which can be made from PVC , APET , acrylic , and PETG , as well as other materials. While PETG and APET are the most common, other materials are becoming popular to accommodate outdoor use and special forming due to the increasing use of lenticular images on items such as gift cards . Lithographic lenticular printing allows for the flat side of the lenticular sheet to have ink placed directly onto
2322-669: The new Wolverine , Nightcrawler , Namor the Sub-Mariner , Gabby (the new Wolverine's clone), Trinary (a new character), and Gentle (a mutant from Wakanda ), and later by the Cajun mutant Gambit . Marvel Legacy #1 also brings Franklin and Valeria Richards back to the Marvel Universe. Marvel Two-in-One (a series featuring the Thing teaming up with other superheroes) was revived with Thing's best friend Human Torch being
2376-622: The primer stories covered classic moments from Marvel's comics. The Legacy initiative was succeeded by Fresh Start , a line-wide relaunch by Marvel Comics in mid 2018. In June and July 2017, Marvel revealed the 54 series that make up the Marvel Legacy initiative. In addition to their ongoing series, Marvel planned reviving six cancelled comic book series along with their classic numbering as special one-shots that will be available in November and December 2017. However, Dazzler #43 which
2430-458: The release of a 50-page one-shot titled Marvel Legacy #1. Writer Jason Aaron and artist Esad Ribić collaborated on the opening issue and laid the narrative groundwork for the line. The issue introduces the first super hero team of Avengers that were active in the year 1,000,000 BC . The story spans the history of the Marvel Universe and explores the connection between the prehistoric Avengers and their present-day counterparts. Quesada teased
2484-600: The shape of animals with lenticular faces, "flicker rings", etc. In 1960 Takara 's Dakkochan – a little plastic golliwog toy with lenticular eyes – originally intended for toddlers, became popular with Japanese teenagers as a fashion accessory worn around the arm. Around 1966 several companies started producing lenticular postcards. Common themes are winking girls, religious scenes, animals, dioramas with dolls, touristic sites and pin-up models wearing clothes when viewed from one angle and nude when viewed from another angle. The lenticular picture on
2538-414: The technique remained experimental since no material or technique seemed to deliver the optical quality desired. At the time of his death in 1921 Lippmann reportedly had a system with only twelve lenses. On 11 April 1898, John Jacobson filed an application for US patent No. 624,043 (granted 2 May 1899) for a Stereograph of an interlaced stereoscopic picture and "a transparent mount for said picture having
2592-542: The technique. Estanave patented a barrier grid technique for animated autostereograms. Animated portrait photographs with line sheets were marketed for a while, mostly in the 1910s and 1920s. In the US "Magic Moving Picture" postcards with simple 3 phase animation or changing pictures were marketed after 1906. Maurice Bonnett improved barrier grid autostereography in the 1930s with his relièphographie technique and scanning cameras. On 11 April 1898 John Jacobson filed an application for US patent No. 624,043 (granted 2 May 1899) for
2646-415: Was based on Keller-Dorian cinematography . It used 16 mm black and white sensitive film embossed with 600 lenses per square inch for use with a filter with RGB stripes. In the 1930s several US patents relating to lenticular techniques were granted, mostly for color film. On 15 December 1936, Douglas F. Winnek Coffey was granted US patent 2,063,985 (application 24 May 1935) for an "Apparatus for making
2700-537: Was embracing their roots with the creation of this new comic book line. Marvel Comics' editor-in-chief Axel Alonso noted that the relaunch was about reminding readers of the company's rich history by highlighting the connections between characters and reintroducing some iconic characters. The relaunch began in September 2017 following the conclusion of the Secret Empire and Generations storylines with
2754-491: Was ended in 2014 due to Disney moving their Star Wars comics to Marvel. Dark Horse also publishes a line of comics which are creator owned but are connected through common oversight by editor Karen Berger . Most companies have several simultaneously running lines. Lenticular printing Lenticular printing is a technology in which lenticular lenses (a technology also used for 3D displays ) are used to produce printed images with an illusion of depth , or
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#17327725807442808-485: Was hardly noticed, but American inventor Frederic Eugene Ives had more success with his similar parallax stereogram since 1901. He also patented the technique for a "Changeable sign, picture, &c." in 1903, which showed different pictures from different angles (instead of one stereoscopic image from the right angle and distance). Léon Gaumont introduced Ives' pictures in France and encouraged Eugène Estanave to work on
2862-402: Was one of several researchers who worked on lenticular sheets in the 1920s. These were basically simpler versions of Lippmann's integral photography and had a linear array of small plano-convex cylindrical lenses (lenticules). The first successful commercial application of the lenticular technique was not used for 3D or motion display but for color movies. Eastman Kodak 's 1928 Kodacolor film
2916-514: Was planned, was not released with the other one-shots and was to be released in June 2018 as Dazzler: X Song . Christopher Hastings According to Diamond Comic Distributors, Marvel Legacy #1 was the biggest selling comic book title of 2017. Line (comics) A line is a concept in Western comic books which denotes a specific group of publications by a publisher. Sometimes taking place in
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