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64-634: The Maryland Army National Guard is organized into several major subordinate commands: the 58th Expeditionary Military Intelligence Brigade; the Combat Aviation Brigade, 29th Infantry Division; the 70th Regiment, a training unit; and the 58th Troop Command. The MSCs report to the Assistant Adjutant General for Army (TAAG-Army), who in turn reports to the Adjutant General (TAG). Both officers are appointed by

128-518: A chief of staff , and includes five offices: Intergovernmental Relations, Legal Counsel, Legislative and Policy, Press, and the Governor's Office in Washington, D.C. The chief of staff has a number of deputies to assist in running these departments. The governor's staff is appointed and therefore largely exempt from state civil service laws. During the colonial period , Maryland's proprietors,

192-529: A four-year term. Under the Constitution of Maryland , the governor can run any number of times, but not more than twice in a row. This makes it possible for a two-term governor to run for the office again after remaining out of office for at least one term. An eligible candidate for governor must be at least 30 years old, and also a resident of and a registered voter in Maryland for the five years preceding

256-586: A number of additional bayonet charges, including at Cowpens , where their charge turned impending defeat into victory, and at Guilford Courthouse , where they forced the elite British Foot Guards to retreat. During the War of 1812 , the Maryland militia held the line at the Battle of North Point in 1814, commanded by Brigadier General John Stricker . There, they held up the British attack for two hours, long enough for

320-567: A number of units, including the 58th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, for service in Iraq; Afghanistan; Guantanamo Bay, Cuba; and Kosovo. Guardsmen from the 115th Military Police Battalion were among the first and most heavily called upon, having arrived at the Pentagon on September 12 and subsequently served in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay. Maryland elements of the Combat Aviation Brigade, 29th Infantry Division served in Iraq, Maryland elements of

384-599: A significant role during the Cold War . Across the state, Nike missile batteries, armed with nuclear warheads , were manned by Maryland National Guardsmen to defend the National Capital area from Soviet bombers from the mid-1950s until the early 1970s. Maryland National Guard troops were also kept busy with riot-control duty in the 1960s and early 1970s, most notably during the Baltimore Riots of 1968 ,

448-559: A state convention which would have that power. In December 1862, his successor as governor, Augustus W. Bradford , appointed him to the U.S. Senate from Maryland following the death of his predecessor, James A. Pearce (D) . Although ill, he campaigned for election to finish the term, winning on January 11, 1864 while endorsing Lincoln's reelection in 1864. He died at the Metropolitan Hotel in Washington, D.C. , on February 14, 1865. Abraham Lincoln attended his funeral in

512-700: A truce with the South and suggested that Sir Richard Lyons mediate. Hicks worried about Maryland's position as a border state . In an address to the Maryland General Assembly on April 25, 1861, he stated that "The only safety of Maryland lies in preserving a neutral position between our brethren of the North and of the South." Subsequently, many prominent men lobbied Hicks to call the General Assembly into special session, purportedly for

576-410: A vacancy arise in either of the two houses of the General Assembly, the governor also fills that vacancy, though the governor must choose from among the recommendations of the local party organization to which the person leaving the vacancy belonged. Any officer appointed by the governor, except a member of the General Assembly, is removable by him or her, if there is a legitimate cause for removal. Among

640-709: Is the commander-in-chief of the military forces of the state: the Maryland Army National Guard and Air National Guard and the Maryland Defense Force , except when the former of these forces have been called into federal service , which the President of the United States has the authority to do. In times of public emergency, the governor may exercise emergency powers, including the mobilization of these military forces. In

704-523: The 93rd Division , actually fought under French control. One of the Maryland National Guard's longest-mobilized units during the war was the 117th Trench Mortar Battery, which served under the 42nd Division from October 1917 until the end of the war. It was the first Maryland unit to see combat, and participated in all of the AEF 's major battles during that period. World War II also saw

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768-607: The American Revolution , members of the "Maryland Line" repeatedly charged a vastly superior British force at the Battle of Long Island , buying time for the Continental Army to escape. It is from this incident that Maryland draws one of its official nicknames, "The Old Line State." This was the first time the American Army had used the bayonet in combat. Later in the war, the Maryland militia made

832-625: The Barons and Lords of Baltimore , who generally remained in the Kingdom of England , chose who would serve as the proprietary governor of Maryland on their behalf. Leonard Calvert (1606–1647), youngest brother of the second Lord Baltimore, Cecilius Calvert (1605–1675), and the first lord proprietor, came with the first settlers in March 1634 to serve as the first governor of the colonial Province of Maryland until his death in 1647. Between 1692, when

896-608: The Confederacy and, perhaps knowing this, Governor Hicks did not call out the militia to suppress the riots. On May 13, 1861, Union troops occupied the state, restoring order and preventing a vote in favour of Southern secession. Steuart moved south for the duration of the American Civil War , and much of the general's property was confiscated by the Federal Government as a consequence. Old Steuart Hall

960-491: The Maryland Constitution (1867, and revisions/amendments). Because of the extent of these constitutional powers, the governor of Maryland has been ranked as being among the most powerful governors in the United States . The current governor is Wes Moore , who has been in office since 2023. Like most state chief executives in the United States, the governor is elected by the citizens of Maryland to serve

1024-495: The U.S. Senate . Cox was a unique person to run for that office, not only because she is a woman, but also because she is legally blind . In 1971, the office of Lieutenant Governor of Maryland, which had existed for only a few years in the 1860s, was re-instituted by an amendment to the Maryland Constitution. The lieutenant governor is a weak office compared to other counterparts (in other states including Texas,

1088-491: The governor . The Maryland National Guard traces its roots through the long-time previous colonial and state militia to March 1634, with the landing of two English militia captains from the two settlement expeditionary ships, The Ark and Dove off the north shore of the Potomac River near the confluence with Chesapeake Bay at the first provincial capital, St. Mary's City in later St. Mary's County . During

1152-534: The 1867 state constitution and set the next election year to be 1926 and every four years thereafter, thereby shifting from the historical off-year cycle (...1915, 1919, 1923) to the present mid-term election cycle . From 1777 to 1870, the governor resided in the Jennings House in Annapolis . Located on the site of the future expanded campus of the adjacent United States Naval Academy (founded 1845),

1216-586: The 1st Light Brigade and the 2nd Brigade. The First Brigade consisted of the 1st Cavalry, 1st Artillery, and 5th Infantry regiments. The 2nd Brigade was composed of the 1st Rifle Regiment and the 53rd Infantry Regiment, and the Battalion of Baltimore City Guards. By April 1861 it had become clear that war was inevitable. On April 16 Steuart's son, George H. Steuart , then an officer in the United States Army, resigned his captain 's commission to join

1280-546: The 5th and 27th held their ground and were able to retreat in good order having inflicted significant casualties on the advancing enemy. The 175th Infantry (ARNG MD), derived from the 5th Regiment, is one of only nineteen Army National Guard units with campaign credit for the War of 1812 . From 1841 to 1861 the senior militia general was Major General George H. Steuart , commander of the First Light Division. Until

1344-599: The Baltimores lost control, and 1715, Maryland was a direct royal colony, and the governor was appointed by the British monarch . The Lords of Baltimore regained their royal charter in 1715, under the British monarchs of the House of Hanover , and then under the fifth and sixth Lord Baltimores, they resumed choosing the governors until the beginning of the American Revolution (1775–1783). The first governor of an independent state chosen to break this chain of colonial governors

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1408-625: The Civil War he would be the senior commander of the Maryland Volunteers. In 1833 a number of Baltimore regiments were formed into a brigade, and Steuart was promoted from colonel to brigadier general. From 1841 to 1861 he was Commander of the First Light Division, Maryland Volunteer Militia. Until the Civil War he would be the Commander-in-Chief of the Maryland Volunteers. The First Light Division comprised two brigades:

1472-554: The Combat Aviation Brigade, 42nd Infantry Division served in Afghanistan, and Maryland National Guard elements were attached to 44th Medical Brigade / XVIII Airborne Corps for service in Iraq. Maryland is also home to several Special Operations units, most notably Company B, 2nd Battalion, 20th Special Forces Group and Special Operations Detachment, Joint Forces. Members of these units have both been mobilized to serve in Afghanistan and Iraq, as well as Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Currently,

1536-522: The Confederacy. On April 19 Baltimore was disrupted by riots , during which Southern sympathizers attacked Union troops passing through the city by rail. Steuart's son commanded one of the Baltimore city militias during the disturbances of April 1861, following which Federal troops occupied the city. In a letter to his father, the younger Steuart wrote: Steuart himself was strongly sympathetic to

1600-605: The Confederate 1st Maryland is perpetuated by the 175th Infantry Regiment, whose lineage dates back to 1774. During the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 , on July 20 Governor Carroll called up the 5th and 6th Regiments from Baltimore to stop strikers in Cumberland from disrupting rail service. While marching from their armories to a Baltimore and Ohio Railroad train at Camden Station, an armed mob attacked

1664-559: The Constitution" to permit new states to join the Union as slave states. After the bloodshed in Baltimore , involving Massachusetts troops which were fired on while marching between railroad stations, on April 19, 1861, Baltimore Mayor George William Brown , Marshal George P. Kane , and former Governor Enoch Louis Lowe requested that Hicks burn the railroad bridges leading to Baltimore, in order to prevent further troops from entering

1728-417: The General Assembly into special session, he held it in the pro-Union town of Frederick , where he was able to keep the state from seceding to join the Confederacy . In December 1862, Hicks was appointed to the U.S. Senate, where he endorsed Abraham Lincoln's re-election in 1864, but died soon afterwards. Born in 1798 near East New Market, Maryland , Hicks began his political career as a Democrat when he

1792-597: The General Assembly. The governor appoints almost all military and civil officers of the state government, subject to advice and consent of the Maryland State Senate . The governor also appoints certain boards and commissions in each of the 24 counties and in Baltimore City , such as local Boards of Elections, commissions notaries public , and appoints officers to fill vacancies in the elected offices of attorney general and comptroller . Should

1856-551: The Maryland National Guard was called up in 1916 and deployed for seven months to the town of Eagle Pass, Texas, on the Mexican border. During the First World War , most Maryland National Guard troops served as part of the 29th Division , and their campaign credits include Meuse-Argonne . In addition, the 1st Separate Company, an all-black unit, served as part of the 372nd Infantry Regiment, although ostensibly assigned to

1920-726: The Salisbury riots of May 1968, the University of Maryland student riots of 1970–72, and the Cambridge Riots of 1963 and 1967 . 200th and 290th Military Police Companies and 1229th transportation co November 1990 - April 1991 - deployed to Saudi Arabi near the Iraq border in support of Operations Desert Shield/Storm. Since the September 11 attacks , the Maryland Army National Guard has mobilized

1984-686: The Special Operations Detachment, Joint Forces was selected and mobilized to create the Special Operations Command for the newly created United States Africa Command. During the January 6 United States Capitol attack , Maryland Governor Larry Hogan had mobilized the Maryland National Guard to send it to aid U.S. Capitol police during the incident. However, Hogan stated that the Pentagon did not authorize permission for nearly two hours after he had sent

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2048-423: The Union of the states and sought to prevent Maryland from seceding and joining the Confederacy . This would have isolated Washington, D.C. , in Confederate territory. Hicks reflected the divisions in his state. In Hicks' writings about the South and its secession, he referred to it as "we." He wrote that "they", the North (and Abraham Lincoln ), were wrong in "refus[ing] to observe the plain requirements of

2112-487: The United States under President Richard M. Nixon . Agnew is, thus far, the highest-ranking Marylander (along with 19th-century chief justice Roger B. Taney ) in public service in the history of the United States . He resigned after pleading "no contest" to federal legal charges of corruption during his terms as Baltimore County executive, Maryland governor and vice president. In 1979, his gubernatorial portrait

2176-633: The Whig Party disintegrated, Hicks joined the Native American Party, more commonly known as the Know-Nothing Party . As such, in 1858, he ran for governor and defeated Democrat John Charles Groome by 8,700 votes. The election, however, was notable for fraud, open intimidation of voters, and unprecedented violence. Hicks was one of the oldest men to become governor. In his gubernatorial inaugural address, Hicks criticized

2240-411: The area of criminal justice, the governor may grant pardons to criminals, commute the sentences of prisoners, or remit fines and forfeitures imposed on people who have been convicted, jailed, or fined for violations of state laws. In both these areas, and a variety of others, the governor sits on state and interstate boards and commissions with varying powers. The governor is also obligated to report on

2304-466: The chief executive of the State of Maryland, the governor heads the executive branch of government, which includes all state executive departments and agencies, as well as advisory boards, commissions, committees, and task forces. The main constitutional responsibility of the governor of Maryland, and any other state's chief executive, is to carry out the business of the state and to enforce the laws passed by

2368-400: The conditions of the state at any time during the year, though this traditionally happens in a "State of the State" address each January at the beginning of the annual General Assembly session. In addition to the various departments and agencies under gubernatorial control, the governor has an executive administrative staff that assist in coordinating the executive duties. This staff is led by

2432-628: The defense of Baltimore to be shored up. The British forces, many of whom were veterans of the Napoleonic Wars took around 300 casualties and, though the Americans retreated from the field at North Point, the British would eventually turn back rather than attempt an assault on the American defenses at Baltimore. Not all the militia regiments performed with equal distinction. The 51st, and some members of 39th, broke and ran under fire. However,

2496-472: The election. Candidates meeting this minimum requirement must file his or her candidacy with the Maryland State Board of Elections, pay a filing fee, file a financial disclosure, and create a legal campaign financial body. The governor, like all statewide officials in Maryland, is elected in the even-numbered years in which the election for president of the United States does not occur. As

2560-523: The governor in future elections, or permanently succeeded to the governor's office due to a vacancy (which would be created by the resignation, death, or removal of the sitting governor), although Blair Lee III served as acting governor from June 4, 1977, until January 15, 1979, while Governor Marvin Mandel was serving a sentence for mail fraud and racketeering (consequently, in a modern example of Damnatio memoriae , Mandel's official gubernatorial portrait

2624-482: The governor must present a proposed budget to the Maryland General Assembly . After receiving the proposed budget, the assembly is then allowed to decrease any portion of the budget for the executive branch, but it may never increase it or transfer funds between executive departments. The assembly may, however, increase funds for the legislative and judicial branches of government. The governor has

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2688-698: The governor with the advice and consent of the Maryland State Senate as heads of executive departments: Other members of the governor's staff may be invited to Cabinet meetings as "attendees". The governor also oversees several sub-cabinets that coordinate the activities of a certain function of state government that involves several state departments or agencies. Currently, these are the Base Realignment and Closure Subcabinet, BayStat Subcabinet, Chesapeake Bay cabinet, Children's Cabinet, Governor's Subcabinet for International Affairs, Smart Growth Subcabinet, and Workforce Creation Subcabinet. The governor

2752-495: The governorship only if there is a vacancy in that office. Despite the governor and lieutenant governor being elected on the same party ticket, very often there have been public rifts between the two; for instance Gov. Marvin Mandel and Lt. Gov. Blair Lee III; Gov. Harry R. Hughes and Lt. Gov. Samuel W. Bogley III; Gov. Schaefer and Lt. Gov. Melvin A. Steinberg., and Gov. Parris Glendening and Lt. Gov. Kathleen Kennedy Townsend. No lieutenant governor of Maryland has yet been elected as

2816-403: The historic city). It is located on State Circle adjacent to the colonial era Maryland State House built 1772–1797. In addition to being the residence of the governor and his family, Government House has a number of public rooms that are used by the governor on official occasions. Spiro Agnew , who was the 55th governor of Maryland from 1967 to 1969, later served as the 39th vice president of

2880-645: The house was later sold to the academy in 1869 after it returned from its northern hiatus in Rhode Island during the American Civil War (1861–1865). It was razed in 1901 for additional USNA buildings. Since 1870, the governor of Maryland has resided in the Government House , originally a Victorian style architecture red brick mansion (later rebuilt/renovated in the 1930s into a Georgian -styled mansion to match other colonial/ Georgian - Federal era styled architecture state buildings and residences in

2944-446: The legislature. The governor also has some say in these laws, since the governor has the ability to veto any bill sent to his or her desk by the Maryland General Assembly , though the assembly may override that veto. The governor is also given a number of more specific powers as relates to appropriations of state funds, the appointment of state officials, and also a variety of less prominent and less commonly utilized powers. Every year,

3008-492: The lieutenant governor is the president of the state's Senate, while in California the lieutenant governor assumes all of the governor's powers when the sitting governor is out of the state), as it only possesses the powers and duties that the governor assigns to him or her. The lieutenant governor is elected on the same ballot with the governor, and to the same term of office as the governor. The lieutenant governor succeeds to

3072-518: The lieutenant governor; Kathleen Kennedy Townsend , under Democratic governor Parris Glendening from 1995 to 2003; and Aruna Miller , under Democratic governor Wes Moore since 2023. Another woman, Kristen Cox , who was the Secretary of Disabilities, unsuccessfully ran for lieutenant governor as the running mate of then incumbent Republican governor Robert Ehrlich , when the lieutenant governor at that time, Michael Steele , left office to run for

3136-600: The mixed reason of opposing secession and opposing the Northern attitude towards the South. The Assembly normally met in Annapolis , but that city was occupied by Union troops, so Hicks changed the location to Frederick , a generally pro-Union town. The Assembly convened in Frederick, and unanimously agreed that it did not have the power to commit the state to secession. On April 29, the Assembly voted 53–13 against calling

3200-720: The mobilization of the Maryland National Guard. Again, most were assigned to the 29th Infantry Division, where they took part in the D-Day landings and fought their way across France and Germany. In 1945, they missed being the first unit to link up with the Soviet Red Army on the Elbe River by a matter of hours. The Maryland National Guard had very few troops mobilized for the Korean War , but those that were played an important role. The 231st Transportation Truck Battalion

3264-429: The most prominent of the governor's appointees are the 24 secretaries and heads of departments that currently make up the governor's Cabinet , also known as the executive council. The governor of Maryland is the chairman of the governor's executive council (or Cabinet) which coordinates all state government functions. This is composed of the following members, all of whom, except the lieutenant governor, are appointed by

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3328-400: The numbers of foreign immigrants coming to America and warned that they would "change the national character". Hicks opposed abolitionists and supported slave owners. He denounced "[t]he attacks of fanatical and misguided persons against property in slaves" and added that slave owners had a right under the "[United States] Constitution to recover their property." Hicks belatedly supported

3392-476: The power to veto any law that is passed by the General Assembly , including a " line item veto ", which can be used to strike certain portions of appropriations bills. The legislature then has the power to override a governor's veto by vote of three-fifths (60%) of the number of members in each house. The governor also sits on the board of public works, whose other two members are the comptroller and

3456-399: The requests to deploy the Maryland National Guard. Governor of Maryland The governor of the State of Maryland is the head of government of Maryland , and is the commander-in-chief of the state's National Guard units. The governor is the highest-ranking official in the state and has a broad range of appointive powers in both the state and local governments, as specified by

3520-462: The state. At each election, only voters from a single gubernatorial election district selected the governor. A four-year term was established by the second Maryland Constitution of 1851, and geographic requirements were removed by the third Constitution of 1864 during the American Civil War . The fourth and current constitution was ratified by the people after the war in 1867. An amendment in 1922, added article XVII, title "Quadrennial Elections", to

3584-659: The state. Hicks reportedly approved this proposal. These actions were addressed in Ex parte Merryman , the famous case of Maryland militia Captain John Merryman who was arrested by Union forces. After initially denying that he had authorized such actions, Hicks backtracked and voiced his support for the Union. But, writing to Lincoln on April 22, 1861, Hicks informed the new president that "I feel it my duty most respectfully to advise you that no more troops be ordered or allowed to pass through Maryland", requested that Lincoln obtain

3648-458: The treasurer. This board has broad powers in overseeing and approving the spending of state funds. They must approve state expenditures of all general funds and capital improvement funds, excluding expenditures for the construction of state roads, bridges, and highways. It has the power to solicit loans on its own accord either to meet a deficit or in anticipation of other revenues, in addition to approving expenditures of funds from loans authorized by

3712-441: The troops. The 6th Regiment fired on the mob, killing 10 and wounding 25, and several members of both regiments were injured by stones and bricks. The troops were then besieged by 15,000 rioters inside Camden Yards until the arrival of federal troops in Baltimore. The building, now part of Camden Yards baseball stadium, still bears bullet holes from rioters firing at troops inside. In response to Pancho Villa 's cross-border raids,

3776-439: Was Thomas Johnson (1732–1819) of Frederick County , who took office on March 21, 1777. Under the first Maryland Constitution of 1776 for the independent state , the governor was chosen for one-year terms by both houses of the General Assembly . An 1838 constitutional amendment allowed voters to elect the governor to a three-year term from one of three rotating gubernatorial districts: eastern, southern, and western parts of

3840-608: Was removed from the Maryland State House Governor's Reception Room. In 1995, then-governor Parris Glendening re-included the portrait, stating that it was not up to anyone to alter history, whether for good or bad, citing the famous novel by George Orwell , Nineteen Eighty-Four . As of 2023, Maryland has not yet had a female governor. However, women were the runners-up in four gubernatorial elections (in 1974, 1994, 1998, and 2002), three Republicans and one Democrat . In addition, two women have been

3904-595: Was confiscated by the Union Army and Jarvis Hospital was erected on the estate, to care for Federal wounded. However, many members of the newly formed Maryland Line in the Confederate army would be drawn from the state militia. Maryland militia units fought on both sides of the Civil War . At the Battle of Front Royal, the Union 1st Maryland was engaged and defeated by the Confederate 1st Maryland . The lineage of

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3968-524: Was elected town constable and then, in 1824, elected Sheriff of Dorchester County . Later, he switched to the Whig Party and was elected to the House of Delegates in 1830 and re-elected in 1836. In 1837, the legislature elected him a member of the Governor's Council, the last to be chosen before that body was abolished. In 1838, he was appointed Register of Wills for Dorchester County. He stayed in that job until his election as governor. In 1857, as

4032-454: Was not hung in the Maryland State House Governor's Reception Room until 1993). Thomas Holliday Hicks Thomas Holliday Hicks (September 2, 1798 – February 14, 1865) was a politician in the divided border-state of Maryland during the American Civil War . As governor, opposing the Democrats, his views accurately reflected the conflicting local loyalties. He was pro-slavery but anti-secession. Under pressure to call

4096-403: Was the first National Guard unit to land in Korea, and were immediately put to use keeping supplies flowing within the Pusan Perimeter . Originally a segregated, all-black unit, the 231st was integrated during this service in Korea, only to be again segregated when it returned to state status. Although no Maryland Army National Guard units served in South Vietnam , the Maryland Army Guard played

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