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29-620: The origins of the firm go back to an engineering works founded in Karlsruhe in 1837 by Emil Kessler and Theodor Martiensen. In 1842, the first steam locomotive , Badenia , was delivered to the Baden state railways . After a financial crisis resulting from the collapse of the bank funding the company, Kessler's engineering works also got into economic difficulties. In 1852 the Maschinenbaugesellschaft Carlsruhe

58-878: A five kilometer gradient out of the Neckar Valley to reach the towns and villages of the Eastern Filder region. In total, the system transported 153 million passengers from Denkendorf and later from Neuhausen to Esslingen, and took delivery of two new open trams in 1958. The line was discontinued in February 1978. Esslingen, along with Solingen and Eberswalde, is one of the last three German towns which still use trolleybuses . The SVE currently operates two lines using electric power: 101: Oberesslingen Lerchenacker Endstation – Esslingen railway station – Stuttgart-Obertürkheim station . 118: Esslingen Railway Station – Zollberg. Apart from this around 50 taxis operate in

87-593: A high speed ' Intercity-Express ' train "Esslingen-am-Neckar". The Stuttgart S-Bahn line S1 which operates between Kirchheim-unter-Teck and Herrenberg via Stuttgart centre, serves the stations of Mettingen, Esslingen (Neckar), Oberesslingen and Esslingen (Zell). Under the planned rebuilding of the railways in central Stuttgart under the Stuttgart 21 scheme, the S1 will be shortened to operate from Kirchheim unter Teck as far as Stuttgart Schwabstraße station. To avoid

116-585: The District of Esslingen as well as the largest town in the district. Within Baden-Württemberg it is the 11th largest city . It is located on the river Neckar , about 14 kilometres (9 miles) southeast of Stuttgart city center. The regions surrounding the city of Esslingen are also mostly developed. Esslingen was a free imperial city for several centuries until it was annexed by Württemberg in 1802. The German Timber-Frame Road passes through

145-558: The Duchy of Württemberg . The city had a defensive wall, part of which remains, including a landmark "fat tower" (Der Dicke Turm) set on the hill and vineyards above the city. The beginning of the 19th century was characterized by industrialization. Glove manufacturing, food processing, textiles, and metal working were early industries in Esslingen. On 20 November 1845 the first train ran from Cannstatt to Esslingen station . Esslingen

174-764: The Rheinische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft and the Royal Hanoverian State Railways . After a period when the factory was working to full capacity during the course of the First World War , there followed a slump in sales in 1925, because the Deutsche Reichsbahn ordered virtually no more new steam locomotives for several years. Although they produced the first batch of seven DRG Class 86 standard steam locomotives ( Einheitsdampflokomotiven ) for

203-1124: The Neckarstraße was diverted along unused land on the railway station and lengthened to the west of the site. The next phase, completed in November 2014, was a large-scale redevelopment of the station forecourt to create a bus and rail interchange. The city is home to the Esslingen University of Applied Sciences (German: Hochschule Esslingen ). It is known for its mechanical engineering and automotive engineering courses, and also for its three international master's programs (MBA in International Industrial Management, MEng in Automotive Systems, MEng in Design and Development in Automotive and Mechanical Engineering), which are organised by

232-606: The Reichsbahn in 1928, that same year locomotive production at the Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe had to be ceased. Attempts to save the firm by taking on the construction of diesel locomotives were unsuccessful and it went into bankruptcy in 1929. Between 1842 and 1928 a total of 2,370 locomotives had been built in Karlsruhe. The factory for the engineering works was initially located south of Karlsruhe's city centre at Karlstor. In 1902 it

261-713: The Royal Württemberg Railway Commission tendered for railway construction and the production of rolling stock to pave the way for the Royal Württemberg State Railways ( Königlich Württembergische Staats-Eisenbahnen ). Kessler's bid was successful and in 1841 he built his first steam locomotive , the Badenia for the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway ( Großherzoglich Badische Staatsbahn ). From 1842 Kessler

290-641: The Städtischer Verkehrsbetrieb Esslingen (SVE, or "Esslingen Transport Company"). On 18 December 1926 the Esslingen-Nellingen-Denkendorf (END) interurban tram began operating. This was the last tram system to be built in Germany before the wave of closures later in the century: after this date permission from the authorities was only given for extensions to existing systems. The tram had to negotiate

319-424: The chaplain of Pippin and Charlemagne . He bequeathed the sixth cell upon the river Neckar that he had received from an Alemannic nobleman by the name of "Hafti" to his monastery, Saint-Denis. He also brought the bones of Saint Vitalis to Esslingen, which made it a destination for pilgrims and led to its growth. Around 800 Esslingen became a market town , its market rights being certified in 866. In 949–953 it

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348-613: The city. There is archaeological evidence that what is now the city of Esslingen was settled since the Neolithic period. Traces of human settlement found at the site of the city church date back to around 1000 B.C. In the 1st century AD the Esslingen region became part of the Roman Empire. During this period a Roman warehouse was located in the area of Oberesslingen. The nearest major Roman settlements and garrisons were at Cannstatt and Köngen . There are so far no findings from

377-500: The direction of Ulm there are two entry and exit points to the dual carriageway. This makes it is possible to reach the center of Esslingen directly from Stuttgart, and to drive from central Esslingen directly onto the Dual Carriageway in the direction of Ulm without having to pass traffic lights. Despite the six to eight lanes on the new Pliensau Bridge and the surrounding roads, the infrastructure around Pliensauvorstadt and

406-560: The early Alemanni period, which do exist on the Filder (uplands) nearby. There are findings in Rüdern which suggest a rich grave with eastern influence, including, for example, a set of three-winged spear heads. The ending "-ingen" indicates a group of people wherein a man named Azzilo, Hezzilo or Hetsilo was landlord and family patriarch played an influential role. This means the city's name originally meant: "the peoples of Azzilo". This name, for

435-633: The emerging railways, Emil Kessler founded the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen that delivered its first engine in 1847. Emil Kessler died on 16 March 1867 in Esslingen am Neckar from a heart attack. Esslingen am Neckar Esslingen am Neckar ( Swabian : Esslenga am Neckor ; until 16 October 1964 officially Eßlingen am Neckar ) is a town in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany, seat of

464-636: The first time documented in 856 as Ezlinga and 866 as Hetsilinga ended up becoming today's Esslingen. In the 6th century, the Alemanni were subjugated by the Merovingians under king Clovis I. But they still took over administrative tasks and formed a Duchy in Francia. In the 8th century they tried to become sovereign again. But the attempt failed near Cannstatt. The end of the Alemannian duchy

493-720: The long S-Bahn route to the airport via Stuttgart, the Bus 122, operated by the END Company, now runs directly from the central bus and rail interchange to the airport via Ostfildern Scharnhausen. The Esslingen Urban Tram system was opened in May 1912 and closed on 7 July 1944 after 32 years of operation. It was replaced by trolley buses. The operating company, the Esslinger Städtische Straßenbahn (ESS, translated Esslingen Town Tramway) changed its name in 1944 to

522-641: The region. The period between the 13th century and 16th century saw many conflicts between the Free Imperial City and the Counts of Württemberg (later Duchy of Württemberg). About half the population died in the Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 through famine or epidemics. Esslingen lost its independence as an Imperial city during the Napoleonic era in 1802–1803, becoming part of

551-667: The route to Zollberg still suffers from frequent congestion. Esslingen is also on the German Timber-Frame Road . Esslingen (Neckar) station is on the Fils Valley Railway and is served by line S 1 of the Stuttgart S-Bahn and regional services. The town is on the main rail line between Stuttgart and Ulm, operated by Deutsche Bahn , the main German rail operator. In 2009, the company named

580-592: The shortage of housing. In 1973 Nürtingen district was merged with Esslingen am Neckar, making Esslingen the seat of a much enlarged district . Largest groups of immigrants by 31.12.2020 : Stuttgart Airport , the largest airport in Baden-Württemberg , is located in the Esslingen District, roughly ten kilometers south of the town, on the border with the town of Leinfelden-Echterdingen . A plane owned by Lufthansa has been named after

609-427: The town. In 1994 A car-sharing company opened a station in Esslingen. An ambitious redevelopment project has been in progress since 2004 in the area near the railway station. The current phase of this project is a large redevelopment of the station forecourt costing about 7.4 million euros. The Baden-Württemberg State Environment and Transport ministry helped fund this with a grant of 4.9 million euros. During 2009

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638-594: The town. The junction on the Bundesautobahn 8 Karlsruhe - Munich which serves Esslingen is just after the airport when traveling towards Munich. Esslingen is directly on the B10 State Highway which runs as a dual carriageway from Stuttgart to Süßen , and continues onward to Ulm . The exit for Esslingen, just after the B10 passes under the ancient Pliensau Bridge, is particularly unusual, because in

667-514: Was a German businessman and founder of the Maschinenfabrik Esslingen ('Esslingen Engineering Works'). Kessler was born in Baden-Baden , attended school there and later studied constructional and mechanical engineering in Karlsruhe . In 1837 he founded an engineering works with Theodor Martiensen in Karlsruhe, where tools, small machines and railway equipment were manufactured. In 1840/1841

696-414: Was a possession of Liudolf, Duke of Swabia . Esslingen received city rights in 1229 under Emperor Frederick II . During the same period the still-extant Neckar bridge was built, making Esslingen a major center for trade on the route between Italy, Switzerland, and northern Germany. Taxes provided by the bridge and market led to further growth of the town, as did the export of the highly regarded wines from

725-633: Was founded, Emil Kessler left the company and the crisis was overcome. The Maschinenbaugesellschaft Karlsruhe always belonged to the ranks of those smaller steam locomotive manufacturers that mostly built locomotives under licence which had been designed by other firms. Their major customers were the Baden state railways and, initially, also the Bergisch-Märkische Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , the Köln-Mindener Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ,

754-578: Was marked with the Council of Cannstatt . In an excavation by Günter Fehring, the remains of the Vitalis-Cella under the church St. Dionysius were uncovered. Proof of settlement dates back to the late Merovingian period. Even older are the single row graves in Oberesslingen and Sirnau. Esslingen was first mentioned in 777 in the last will of Abbot Fulrad from Saint-Denis (near Paris),

783-603: Was occupied by U.S. troops starting in April 1945, at the very end of World War II . During the war the city suffered very little damage, and it was peaceably surrendered to the approaching allied forces, thus the medieval character of its city center has been mostly preserved. After the Second World War about 47,000 people moved to Esslingen, mostly refugees and displaced persons from East Germany. Housing developments in Oberesslingen and Zollberg were created to overcome

812-562: Was the sole owner of the new firm Kesslers Maschinenfabrik ('Kessler's Engineering Works'). In 1848 it was converted into a public limited company, but liquidated on 30 October 1851 and acquired in 1852 by the Baden government. One year later he founded a new company under the name of Maschinenbau-Gesellschaft Karlsruhe ('Karlsruhe Engineering Works'), that again took up locomotive building and delivered its first engine in 1854. Because Württemberg also wanted to have its own production facility for

841-458: Was transferred to a new site at Karlsruhe's western station ( Westbahnhof ) in Grünwinkel. During the first 30 years of its existence, a number of notable engineers worked for the Karlsruhe locomotive builders, including Emil Kessler , Niklaus Riggenbach , Carl Benz , Gottlieb Daimler and Wilhelm Maybach . Emil Kessler Emil Julius Carl Kessler (20 August 1813 – 16 March 1867)

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