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56-503: Masel Residence is a heritage-listed detached house at 98 High Street, Stanthorpe , Southern Downs Region , Queensland , Australia. It was designed by Charles William Thomas Fulton and built from 1937 to 1938 by Kell & Rigby . It is also known as Diamond Residence. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005. A substantial two-storeyed brick building, the former Masel Residence

112-644: A cultural preference in settler societies for privacy and space. A countervailing trend has been industrialization and urbanization, which has seen more people worldwide move into multi-story apartment blocks . In the New World, this type of densification was halted and reversed following the Second World War when increased automobile ownership and cheaper building and heating costs produced suburbanization instead. Single-family homes are now common in rural and suburban and even some urban areas across

168-467: A home for her family. The house was also to incorporate rooms for Dr Masel's general practice, including waiting area, consulting and x-ray rooms and a laboratory. It was not uncommon during the first half of the 20th century for doctors to practice from their homes. In new homes, for example at La Scala residence built in Brisbane in 1914, purpose designed facilities were sometimes incorporated. Dr Masel

224-626: A home for their own family, but this was not the norm . The idea of a nuclear family living separately from their relatives as the norm is a relatively recent development related to rising living standards in North America and Europe during the early modern and modern eras . In the New World , where land was plentiful, settlement patterns were quite different from the close-knit villages of Europe, meaning many more people lived in large farms separated from their neighbors. This has produced

280-553: A military career. At the military academy of Breda he studied civil engineering and was allowed to assist in designing military buildings. Influenced by other Dutch architects, such as Berlage , he rapidly proved able to adapt his own ideas. He was appointed Assistant Director of Public Works in Leiden in 1913 and Director of Public Works in Hilversum in 1915. He was appointed Hilversum's Municipal Architect in 1928. The same year he

336-431: A small shower and toilet are accessed externally. A discreetly positioned door off the entrance hall connects the former consulting rooms, now used as an informal living area, with the residence. The internal walls have been removed between the waiting area, consulting and x-ray rooms. But the former laboratory remains intact. The upper level contains three bedrooms, a nursery and a bathroom. The main bedroom, located on

392-462: A special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland's history. An early example of the work of one of Queensland's outstanding architects Charles Fulton, the house displays many of the characteristics of his work including an abstract sculptural form and the eschewing of internal decoration. [REDACTED] This Misplaced Pages article

448-402: Is completely separated by open space on all sides from any other structure, except its own garage or shed. — Statistics Canada The definition of this type of house may vary between legal jurisdictions or statistical agencies. The definition, however, generally includes two elements: Most single-family homes are built on lots larger than the structure itself, adding an area surrounding

504-502: Is generally stretcher bond but incorporates header bricks where required to make sections of curved wall. English garden wall bond has been used to make the portion of parapet wall above the line of the roof and a soldier course terminates the top of the parapet. Windows are steel framed strip or corner windows. A dynamic asymmetric composition is created by the contrast between different building elements; curved corners are juxtaposed against right angles, horizontal proportions against

560-407: Is located in the opening between the dining and living area and originally was fitted with brown velvet curtains. The original built-in heating system is no longer used but electric radiators remain in the walls of the former surgery and main bedroom. A system of electric bells located in the downstairs hallway, operates doorbells at the house and consulting room entries and connects the main bedroom to

616-511: Is regarded as his masterpiece and manages to merge the requirements of being both a symbol of the city and an efficient administrative building. It is indicative of the garden-city character of Hilversum. Indeed, Dudok was clearly influenced by Ebenezer Howard and Raymond Unwin , pioneers of the garden-city movement in the United Kingdom. Dudok continued to produce progressive, Dutch modernist structures in Hilversum for decades, through

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672-437: Is unusually intact for an interwar house, preserving in original condition both its architecture and its garden setting. The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places. The house demonstrates, through the inclusion of a purpose-built surgery with separate entry, ways in which work and domestic environments were combined in the homes of medical practitioners during

728-877: The RIBA Gold Medal in 1935 and the AIA Gold Medal in 1955. He also designed the Collège néerlandais in the Cité Universitaire in Paris , a cultural centre in Baghdad and a cinema in Calcutta . One of the buildings he designed in Rotterdam now houses a cafe-restaurant named after him. He drew up plans for the rebuilding of The Hague after WW2. This involved a new district for 150,000 people in

784-466: The Second World War the partnership of Donoghue and Fulton was dissolved and Fulton took a new partner JM Collin. During this period Charles Fulton designed a number of notable hospital buildings including, Barcaldine Hospital main block and Staff Quarters (1953), Clermont Hospital main block (1955), Aramac nurses quarters (1957). These later buildings were characterised by low-pitched roofs, linear planning, cross ventilation, wide eaves or awnings and

840-643: The 1920s and 1930s. When it opened in 1930, some 70,000 people attended the event. While it was partly destroyed in the German bombing of Rotterdam in May 1940 during the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands, numerous photographs, plans and other material documenting the structure's design and the structure have survived and recently aided in the production of a Dutch documentary on Dudok's department store. Dudok received

896-548: The 1960s, and had international influence. Amongst school designers in the Netherlands, his schools in Hilversum became particularly celebrated. Dudok was also the architect of the branch of the De Bijenkorf department store in Rotterdam, a spectacular piece of commercial architecture clearly influenced by the Bauhaus , de Stijl , and the streamlining that was popular in both Art Deco and Art Moderne modernist design of

952-563: The New World and Europe , as well as wealthier enclaves within the Third World . They are most common in low-density, high-income regions. For example, in Canada , according to the 2006 census, 55.3% of the population lived in single-detached houses, but this varied substantially by region. In the city of Montreal , Quebec, Canada's second- most populous municipality , only 7.5% of the population lived in single-detached homes; in contrast, in

1008-600: The Stanthorpe house was designed to suit the cold climate of the granite belt. Later buildings designed by Charles Fulton show more adaptations to the generally hot Queensland climate. The house for Dr Masel was published in national architecture journals, prior to construction in Building (1937) and after completion in Architecture (1940). Recognised as an important work of architecture at the time of its construction,

1064-530: The Sydney Technical College, was an articled pupil of FE Stowe, architect and civil engineer and subsequently worked as a draftsman for Rudder and Grout. In 1931-32 he travelled overseas working in London for B George Architects. During this period he made trips to Europe to look at buildings. He was particularly interested in the work of Dutch architect Willem Dudok , whose Hilversum Town Hall

1120-985: The United Kingdom and Canada), and separate house (in New Zealand). In the United Kingdom, the term single-family home is almost unknown, except through Internet exposure to US media. Whereas in the US, housing is commonly divided into "single-family homes", " multi-family dwellings ", "condo/ townhouse ", etc., the primary division of residential property in British terminology is between "houses" (including "detached", " semi-detached ", and "terraced" houses and bungalows ) and "flats" (i.e., "apartments" or "condominiums" in American English). In pre-industrial societies, most people lived in multi-family dwellings for most of their lives. A child lived with their parents from birth until marriage and then generally moved in with

1176-590: The architecture school for 33 years and the Queensland University of Technology , in recognition of his contribution to architectural education, named its architecture facility the "Charles Fulton School of Architecture". Charles Fulton was a key practitioner and teacher of modern trends in architectural design in Queensland during the late thirties and forties. The Masel residence, Nudgee Junior College at Indooroopilly (1938) and his own residence (1940) all received meritorious architecture awards in

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1232-402: The city of Calgary , the third-most populous, 57.8% did. Note that this includes the "city limits" populations only, not the wider region. Culturally, single-family houses are associated with suburbanization in many parts of the world. Owning a home with a yard and a " white picket fence " is seen as a key component of the " American dream " (which also exists with variations in other parts of

1288-405: The dining and living area onto the raised terrace, which is connected to the garden by an elegant curved brick stair. The kitchen, which connects to the dining room via a pivot-hinged door, was renovated in the 1970s but retains some original cupboards. On the southwest side of the passage are a former maid's room and a small room originally designed as a bathroom but never fitted out. The laundry and

1344-578: The early Royal Australian Institute of Architects Queensland Awards Programs. The practice of Donoghue and Fulton was also renowned for innovative hospital design and they were architects for the Townsville Hospital designed between 1935-39 (built 1951), the Kingaroy General Hospital and Nurses' Quarters 1936-38, Goondiwindi Hospital 1939, Roma Hospital 1940, Nurses' Quarters Nambour 1941-42 (demolished 1999). After

1400-406: The eastern corner of the house, opens onto a private balcony. Positioned over the curved corner of the ground floor living room, the balcony overlooks the side garden and street. All the bedrooms have built-in wardrobes with timber veneer doors. A third level, located over the upper level bathroom and accessed via an external ladder, originally housed a header tank and hot water system. The finish of

1456-474: The first half of the 20th century. The former Masel Residence is a striking example of a building in what is known as the interwar functionalist style and incorporates typical features of the style such as asymmetrical cubic massing, expanses of undecorated brick walls, steel corner and strip windows, curved brickwork corners, flat cantilevered awnings and a concealed roof. The place is important because of its aesthetic significance. The aesthetic qualities of

1512-435: The former consulting rooms on the southern corner, a laundry and bathroom on the western corner, a garage at the rear and the eastern end of the living room, which supports a balcony above. Dominating the front facade is a centrally located curved stairwell with strip windows intersected by a continuous horizontal awning . Exterior walls are finished in a face brick ranging in colour but predominantly red-brown. Brickwork

1568-485: The former maids quarters. The house retains some original light fittings in the entry hall and dining room. The planning of the house is typical of modernist designs of the period. There is an emphasis on open planning in the living and dining spaces, which flow out to the garden and occupy the most favourable orientation. Private and utility rooms are enclosed cubicles, separated from open plan areas. Corridors and vestibules are used to enhance privacy. Published plans of

1624-435: The house into the garden. The land slopes gently towards the rear of the block. Partly terraced, it is divided by stone garden and retaining walls. The main lawn is located on the north eastern side of the house while the service yard and driveway occupy the south western part of the block. The driveway, originally gravel, is now paved. Access around the garden is via stone paths. The path to the front door has been rebuilt, using

1680-443: The house show how rooms were designed to accommodate particular furniture arrangements and indicate extensive use of built in furniture, for instance the fireplace area has a built-in sofa and bookshelves. The bookshelves remain but the sofa was never built. The house is set in a large established garden of lawn, clipped hedges, shrubs and mature trees. Brick planter boxes associated with the terrace and entrance areas help to integrate

1736-647: The house was the winner of one of two medals awarded at the inaugural annual meritorious architecture awards of the Queensland chapter of the Royal Australian Institute of Architects in 1939. The awards were for outstanding examples of domestic architecture constructed in the previous five years. The home of Dr H Masel, Stanthorpe won the Country Division. Charles Fulton was born in Sydney in 1906. He received his architectural training at

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1792-666: The house, which is commonly called a yard in North American English or a garden in British English . Garages can also be found on many lots. Houses with an attached front entry garage closer to the street than any other part of the house are often derisively called a snout house . Terms corresponding to a single-family detached home in common use are single-family home (in the US and Canada), single-detached dwelling (in Canada), detached house (in

1848-452: The influence of modernist architectural ideas and practices that developed initially in Europe and became the dominant trend in architecture after World War 2. The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland's cultural heritage. The former Masel Residence was designed in a style which although influential was not widely used and is uncommon outside of Brisbane. It

1904-418: The interior walls and ceilings is generally painted plaster but walls were originally finished with wallpaper. With the exception of wet areas, the floors are carpet over timber. The rich dark finish of the internal joinery , including timber veneered doors and timber architraves and skirtings , contrasts with the white walls. A recess in the reveals of the windows accommodates curtain tracks. A similar recess

1960-404: The lower floor of the house are the former consulting rooms and the communal and utility rooms of the private residence. Bedrooms and a bathroom are located on the upper level. A double garage, with an extension used as a storeroom, is located at the rear of the house. Underground power and phone lines, the original arrangement, are connected to the house. On entering the residence one passes under

2016-422: The mid-landing of a dogleg staircase with a solid timber balustrade that fills the entrance hall. A passage, which continues the entrance hall, bisects the house and leads to the rear garage. On the northeast side of the entrance hall is an L-shaped living and dining area arranged around a north-facing terrace. The living room has a brick fireplace and curved east-facing window. Steel framed French doors open from

2072-469: The original stones where possible. The circular path on the northern lawn was built by the current owner. Apart from the low front brick fence, the property is enclosed by a variety of non-original fences creating a secluded rear garden. The backyard originally contained a badminton court and remains of a concrete wading pool are visible near the northeast corner of the garage. Trees include a mature gum, English oak and white cedar. The former Masel Residence

2128-401: The parents of the man ( patrilocal ) or the woman ( matrilocal ) so that the grandparents could help raise the young children and so the middle generation could care for their aging parents. This type of arrangement also saved some of the effort and materials used for construction and, in colder climates, heating. If people had to move to a new place or were wealthy enough, they could build or buy

2184-503: The place are heightened by contrast with the otherwise traditional character of the surrounding Queensland country town. The house in its garden setting contributes to the distinctive character of the main street into Stanthorpe. The place is important in demonstrating a high degree of creative or technical achievement at a particular period. The former Masel Residence is a highly accomplished design and received an inaugural award for meritorious architecture in Queensland. The place has

2240-455: The property was acquired by Laurence Diamond and remains in the Diamond family. Situated on the main street into Stanthorpe from the northeast, the former Masel Residence and consulting rooms is a brick and reinforced concrete building set in an established garden. Suburban houses extend along High Street to the east of the residence while institutional and commercial buildings predominate to

2296-453: The roofs. Set behind the original low brick fence, the house faces southeast across High Street. An original metal gate in a simple geometric design opens onto a stone path that leads to the main entrance. Metal gates on the driveway match the design of the pedestrian gate but were constructed later by the Diamond family. Situated at the base of the stairwell, the main entrance opens into the residential quarters. A more modest entry further to

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2352-680: The use of modern materials. The firm that he founded continues as Fulton Trotter. The Masel family owned the house for less than 10 years. Dr Masel moved to Brisbane at the end of the Second World War to further his specialization in radiology. After moving to Brisbane they became friends with the Fultons, their neighbours in Taringa and Charles Fulton later designed another house for the Masel family at Russell Terrace, Indooroopilly . The Masels sold their Stanthorpe house to Dr DT Rushton Smith. In 1949

2408-465: The verticality of the staircase and carefully composed windows, emphasized by the fine horizontal planes of projecting concrete awnings , highlight the planar qualities of walls. Low-pitched corrugated iron roofs are hidden from view behind brick parapet walls. Rainwater, collected in concealed box gutters , is discharged through the parapet walls into painted metal rainwater heads and downpipes . Metal ladders bolted to external walls provide access to

2464-406: The west, which originally provided access to the consulting rooms, has since been blocked by the construction of low brick walls. This former public entrance, now converted to a balcony, is closer to the street and is screened from the residential entry by a brick fin wall with a porthole opening. Cantilevered concrete awnings protect the entries as well as most of the doors and windows. Located on

2520-597: The west. A school now adjoins the property on two sides. Other heritage buildings in High Street include the Stanthorpe Post Office , an imposing Arts and Crafts building which terminates the vista at the western end of High Street and the Central Hotel . Solid, cubic and monumental, the house is a two-storey structure with some single-storey projections. These single storey sections include

2576-406: The world). In the 21st century, a lack of affordable housing , the climate change impacts of urban sprawl and car dependency , and concerns about racial inequality have increasingly led cities to abandon single-family housing and single-family zoning in favor of higher-density zones. House types include: Willem Dudok Willem Marinus Dudok (6 July 1884 – 6 April 1974)

2632-512: Was a Dutch modernist architect . He was born in Amsterdam . He became City Architect for the town of Hilversum in 1928 where he was best known for the brick Hilversum Town Hall , completed in 1931. Not only did he design the building, but also the interior including the carpets, furniture and even the mayor's meeting hammer. He also designed and built about 75 houses, public buildings and entire neighborhoods . Dudok initially chose to pursue

2688-551: Was assigned the task of expanding the city, which involved designing housing estates, schools, swimming pools and parks and gardens. While his early style in Hilversum grew out of the Amsterdam School , the dramatic massing, asymmetry, the overhanging eaves and other elements of his landmark Hilversum City Hall were clearly influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright and the Chicago Prairie School . The City Hall

2744-446: Was erected in Stanthorpe in 1937-1938 for Dr Harry Masel and Una Masel and their family. Designed in 1936 by Charles William Thomas Fulton of Donoghue and Fulton Architects and constructed by Sydney builders Kell & Rigby , the building with its functionally zoned planning and abstract monumental facades was strongly influenced by European modernist architecture. One of the first examples of these trends in architecture in Queensland, it

2800-598: Was influential in Britain and Australia in the early thirties. In 1933 he returned to Australia and settled in Brisbane where he was employed, initially by Hall and Cook and later by JP Donoghue. In 1937 he entered into partnership with JP Donoghue, an older and more established architect and became Lecturer in Charge of Architecture at the Brisbane Central Technical College . Fulton taught at

2856-527: Was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria. The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland's history. One of the first examples in Queensland of a house in a modernist style, the former Masel Residence is an important building in the evolution of architecture in Queensland. During the 1930s most houses in Queensland were being designed in traditional or historically derived styles. The former Masel Residence demonstrates

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2912-559: Was originally based on "The Queensland heritage register" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 7 July 2014, archived on 8 October 2014). The geo-coordinates were originally computed from the "Queensland heritage register boundaries" published by the State of Queensland under CC-BY 3.0 AU licence (accessed on 5 September 2014, archived on 15 October 2014). Detached house A single detached dwelling contains only one dwelling unit and

2968-463: Was particularly interested in radiology and his surgery was subsequently fitted with a large X-ray machine, more commonly found in a hospital. JP Donoghue already had a commission in Stanthorpe that may have brought him into contact with Dr Masel. He was the architect for the main block of Stanthorpe Hospital, erected in 1936. The Masel residence was designed by Charles Fulton, then an employee of JP Donoghue. The architectural practice Donoghue and Fulton

3024-711: Was subsequently established and the Masel Residence, completed in 1938, was one of its first commissions. Kell & Rigby, builders from Sydney who were also working in Stanthorpe on the hospital, most likely built the house. During the 1930s the detached residence in a garden setting continued to be the most common form of housing in Australia. Houses were built in a range of styles such as Spanish Mission , Tudor Revival , Georgian Revival and various bungalow styles. A small number of houses were also built in styles inspired by European modernism . Modern architecture

3080-588: Was the joint winner of Queensland's inaugural awards for meritorious architecture in 1938. Settlement at Stanthorpe began around 1872 with the commencement of alluvial tin mining in the area. Originally two townships, it grew into a centre for that part of the Darling Downs . Dr Harry Masel, a general practitioner in Stanthorpe, acquired the title to a half-acre lot on High Street in 1936. Una Masel, Harry's wife, had an interest in contemporary architecture and commissioned Brisbane architect JP Donoghue to design

3136-783: Was the outcome of an attempt by European architects to invent new ways of building guided by rational principals of construction and associated aesthetic ideals rather than tradition. Typical features of interwar Modernist styles in Australia included parapet walls concealing low pitched or flat roofs, steel framed corner and strip windows, masonry walls devoid of decoration, rounded external corners, cantilevered concrete awnings and balconies, asymmetric composition and stairwells expressed as vertical elements contrasting with dominant horizontality. Low brick walls, hedges and extensive lawns were common in gardens. The former Masel Residence introduced many features of this new and influential architectural vocabulary to Queensland. Unlike most Queensland houses,

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