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142-468: Massive Attack are an English trip hop collective formed in 1988 in Bristol , England by Robert "3D" Del Naja , Grant "Daddy G" Marshall , Adrian "Tricky" Thaws and Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles . The group currently consists of Del Naja and Marshall. In 1991, they released their debut album, Blue Lines , which has been included on numerous best-of lists and is generally considered the first album of

284-520: A Mercury Prize . Touring extensively, friction between Mushroom and the other band members came to a head. Mushroom was unhappy with the direction of the group and having to appear on tour. In 1999, Mushroom left the band. Around this time, 3D, with Davidge decamped into Ridge Farm studio with friends and band members of Lupine Howl (made up of former members of the band Spiritualized , including Damon Reece, who went on to be Massive Attack's permanent session drummer and one of two live drummers) towards

426-451: A "mellow, hypnotic atmosphere utilized in the ’90s by big names like Massive Attack, Portishead, etc." Major notable trip hop releases from 2010s include Massive Attack's Heligoland , their first studio album in seven years; and Dutch's A Bright Cold Day in 2010, the latter group including Jedi Mind Tricks producer Stoupe the Enemy of Mankind . DJ Shadow 's The Less You Know,

568-856: A 'Climate Action Accelerator' gig, the group worked with local businesses to reduce the event's environmental impact . Around this time, Massive Attack announced their first American tour since 2019; again to feature Fraser, Andy and Young Fathers. However, on 11 October 2024, the group cancelled all the US dates less than a week before. They cited "unforeseen circumstances" as the reason. Some of their most noted songs have been without choruses and have featured dramatically atmospheric dynamics. They use distorted guitar crescendos, lavish orchestral arrangements and prominent looped/shifting basslines. Underpinned by high and exacting production values, sometimes using copious digital editing and mixing. The pace of their music has often been slower than prevalent British dance music of

710-509: A DJ set during the opening night on 23 May 2013. Del Naja conceived and designed an eight-night festival with filmmaker Adam Curtis —in collaboration with UVA ( United Visual Artists )—that premiered in Manchester, UK in July 2013. The festival featured Curtis's film, unofficially titled The Plan, which was projected on a huge screen surrounding the audience, while music from Massive Attack

852-513: A Little Love", "One Love", or "Three Little Birds", all written by Bob Marley, can be sung and enjoyed for their optimism and cheerful lyrics. Some dancehall and ragga artists have been criticised for homophobia , including threats of violence. Buju Banton 's song "Boom Bye-Bye" states that gays "haffi dead" (have to die). Other notable dancehall artists who have been accused of homophobia include Elephant Man , Bounty Killer and Beenie Man . The controversy surrounding anti-gay lyrics has led to

994-443: A Scottish classical pianist. In 1995, Tricky decided to end his involvement with the band in order to pursue a solo career. The crediting of Tricky's contribution for Blue Lines was also a source of friction. This was also the period of the release of Tricky's Maxinquaye and Portishead 's Dummy . The term "trip hop" was coined and was referred to by the media as part of the " Bristol scene ". In 1995, Massive Attack started

1136-518: A big following on the Hawaiian islands and the West coast of the US. On the east coast upstate NY has seen a rise in original roots reggae bands such as Giant Panda Guerilla Dub Squad and John Brown's Body who were inspired by Jamaican reggae bands that performed in the area in the 1980s and 1990s. Matisyahu gained prominence by blending traditional Jewish themes with reggae. Compounding his use of

1278-670: A certain sort of people. It was always a down-town thing, but more than just hearing the music. The equipment was so powerful and the vibe so strong that we feel it." The reggae organ-shuffle is unique to reggae. In the original version of reggae, the drummer played a reggae groove that was used in the four bar introduction, allowing the piano to serve as a percussion instrument. Reggae is noted for its tradition of social criticism in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love and socializing. Many early reggae bands covered Motown or Atlantic soul and funk songs. Some reggae lyrics attempt to raise

1420-516: A concert tribute to the late Dennis Brown, who Bob Marley cited as his favorite singer. On the business side, RIAJam held events focused on reggae's employment opportunities and potential international revenue. . Reggae Month 2019 in Jamaica was welcomed with multiple events ranging from corporate reggae functions to major celebrations in honour of Bob Marley's Birthday on 6 February to a tribute concert in honour of Dennis Brown on 24 February along with

1562-454: A couple of vocalists. Reggae is played in 4 time because the symmetrical rhythmic pattern does not lend itself to other time signatures such as 4 . One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms; staccato chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure, often referred to as the skank . This rhythmic pattern accents the second and fourth beats in each bar and combines with

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1704-713: A fantastic experience opening for more established acts or in early sets at larger reggae festivals. The live experience is a major part of the American Reggae world and the presence of so many emerging bands to combine with established international acts has allowed the movement to grow in recent years. The American reggae scene is heavily centred in Southern California , with large scenes also in New York City , Washington, D.C. , Chicago , Miami , and Honolulu . For decades, Hawaiian reggae has had

1846-623: A former Wild Bunch cohort. MC Willie Wee, also once part of the Wild Bunch, featured. Neneh Cherry sang backing vocals on environmentalist anthem, "Hymn of the Big Wheel". Co-production was also provided by Jonny Dollar . Blue Lines was released on 8 April 1991 on Virgin Records. The album has been retrospectively considered the first of the " trip-hop " genre and received critical acclaim. That year they released " Unfinished Sympathy " as

1988-426: A fourth Massive Attack LP, taking things even further into a rock direction. 2001 also saw the release of Eleven Promos, a DVD of Massive Attack's 11 music videos thus far, including "Angel", a £100,000+ promo. Despite having taken 3D's side after Mushroom's departure and participating in a webcast as a duo in 2000, Daddy G took a personal break from the band in 2001. With Daddy G temporarily no longer involved in

2130-455: A label distributed by Virgin/EMI, Melankolic, and signed Craig Armstrong and a number of other artists such as Horace Andy, Lewis Parker , Alpha , Sunna , and Day One . The group espoused a non-interference philosophy that allowed the artists to make their albums in the way they wanted. The same year the Insects became unavailable for co-production and having parted ways with Nellee Hooper,

2272-577: A laid-back, slow and heavy drum beat ("down tempo"). Bristol's Wild Bunch crew became one of the soundsystems to put a local spin on the international phenomenon, helping to birth Bristol's signature sound of trip hop, often termed "the Bristol Sound". The Wild Bunch and its associates included at various times in its existence the MC Adrian "Tricky Kid" Thaws , the graffiti artist and lyricist Robert "3D" Del Naja , producer Jonny Dollar and

2414-541: A lesser role and Hooper again produced, the fertile dance music scene of the early 1990s had informed the record, and it was seen as an even more significant shift away from the Wild Bunch era. In the June 1994 issue of the UK magazine Mixmag , music journalist Andy Pemberton used the term trip hop to describe the hip hop instrumental " In/Flux ", a 1993 single by San Francisco's DJ Shadow , and other similar tracks released on

2556-414: A mix of trip hop beats, orchestral music and electronics. RJD2 began his career as a DJ, but in 2001, began releasing albums under El-P 's Def Jux Label. Zero 7 's album Simple Things , and in particular, its lead single " Destiny ", was regarded highly by underground listeners and achieved significant popularity. In 2006, Gotye debuted his second studio album, Like Drawing Blood . The songs on

2698-459: A more experimental variant of breakbeat from the Bristol sound scene of the late 1980s and early 1990s, incorporating influences from jazz, soul, funk, dub, and rap music . It was pioneered by acts like Massive Attack , Tricky , and Portishead . The term was first coined in a 1994 Mixmag piece about American producer DJ Shadow . Trip hop achieved commercial success in the 1990s, and has been described as "Europe's alternative choice in

2840-453: A new EP, Ritual Spirit , which includes the four songs released on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by 3D and new collaborator, Euan Dickinson. It was their first release since the 2011 Four Walls / Paradise Circus collaboration with Burial , and the first time since 1994 that Tricky had been featured on Massive Attack content. Scottish hip-hop group Young Fathers , London rapper Roots Manuva and singer Azekel also featured on

2982-673: A new music festival in Reykjavík in June. On 21 February 2015, it was confirmed through the Massive Attack Facebook page that they would be collaborating with Run the Jewels . On 21 January 2016, the iPhone application "Fantom" was released. The application was developed by a team including 3D and let users hear parts of four new songs by remixing them in real time, using the phone's location, movement, clock, heartbeat, and camera. On 28 January 2016, Massive Attack released

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3124-684: A number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica and the Caribbean community in Europe, whose music and vocal styles are almost identical to contemporary Jamaican music. The best examples might be Alborosie (Italy) and Gentleman (Germany). Both Gentleman and Alborosie have had a significant chart impact in Jamaica, unlike many European artists. They have both recorded and released music in Jamaica for Jamaican labels and producers and are popular artists, likely to appear on many riddims . Alborosie has lived in Jamaica since

3266-649: A partnership with Lee Gopthal 's Trojan Records in 1968, which released reggae in the UK until bought by Saga records in 1974. Reggae's influence bubbled to the top of the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 charts in late 1972. First Three Dog Night hit No. 1 in September with a cover of the Maytones ' version of " Black and White ". Then Johnny Nash was at No. 1 for four weeks in November with " I Can See Clearly Now ". Paul Simon 's single " Mother And Child Reunion " –

3408-696: A pattern in which the surdo bass drums (four of them at minimum) divided themselves into four or five interlocking parts. In the state of Maranhão , in northeastern Brazil , reggae is a very popular genre. São Luís , the state capital, is known as the Brazilian Jamaica. The city has more than 200 radiolas , the name given to sound teams formed by DJs and sound systems with dozens of powerful amplifiers stacked. Reggae in Maranhão has its own characteristics, such as melody and dance style, as well as having its own radio and television programs. In 2018,

3550-687: A presence in Veracruz , Mexico . The most notable Jarocho reggae group being Los Aguas Aguas from Xalapa . Some of the most popular reggae groups across Latin America come from the Southern Cone, such as the Chilean band Gondwana , and the Argentinian band Los Cafres. The Puerto Rican band Cultura Profética is also widely recognized in the region. Hispanic reggae includes three elements:

3692-581: A rotating cast of other vocalists. Another influence came from Gary Clail 's Tackhead soundsystem. Clail often worked with former The Pop Group singer Mark Stewart . The latter experimented with his band Mark Stewart & the Maffia, which consisted of New York session musicians Skip McDonald , Doug Wimbish , and Keith LeBlanc , who had been a part of the house band for the Sugarhill Records record label . Produced by Adrian Sherwood ,

3834-643: A single, a string-arranged track at Abbey Road studio, scored by Will Malone . The group temporarily shortened their name to "Massive" on the advice of McVey to avoid controversy relating to the Gulf War . They returned to being "Massive Attack" for their next single, " Safe from Harm ". For their second album, the band brought in Everything but the Girl 's Tracey Thorn and Nicolette as vocalists and released "Protection" on 26 September 1994. With McVey out of

3976-566: A softer and more commercial sound.Other reggae artists who enjoyed international appeal in the early 1980s include Third World , Black Uhuru and Sugar Minott . The Grammy Awards introduced the Grammy Award for Best Reggae Album category in 1985. Women also play a role in the reggae music industry personnel such as Olivia Grange, president of Specs-Shang Musik; Trish Farrell, president of Island/Jamaica; Lisa Cortes, president of Loose Cannon; Jamaican-American Sharon Gordon, who has worked in

4118-619: A sold-out concert by 2019 Reggae Grammy nominated artiste Protoje for his A Matter of Time Live held at Hope Gardens in Kingston on 23 February. In November 2018 "reggae music of Jamaica" was added to the UNESCO 's Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity the decision recognised reggae's "contribution to international discourse on issues of injustice, resistance, love and humanity underscores

4260-616: A specific religious topic, or simply giving praise to God ( Jah ). Other common socio-political topics in reggae songs include black nationalism , anti-racism , anti- colonialism , anti-capitalism and criticism of political systems and "Babylon" . In recent years, Jamaican (and non-Jamaican) reggae musicians have used more positive themes in reggae music. The music is widely considered a treasured cultural export for Jamaica, so musicians who still desire progress for their island nation have begun focusing on themes of hopefulness, faith, and love. For elementary children, reggae songs such as "Give

4402-546: A subculture already well-schooled in Jamaican forms of music. DJs, MCs , b-boys and graffiti artists grouped together into informal soundsystems . Like the pioneering Bronx crews of DJs Kool Herc , Afrika Bambaataa and Grandmaster Flash , the soundsystems provided party music for public spaces, often in the economically deprived council estates from which some of their members originated. Bristol's soundsystem DJs, drawing heavily on Jamaican dub music, typically used

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4544-674: A track called "Calling Mumia" with vocals by American rapper Snoop Dogg ), Battle in Seattle and Trouble the Water . In February 2007, Massive Attack hosted a charity benefit for the Hoping Foundation, a charity for Palestinian children. In 2008, it was announced that Massive Attack were to curate the UK's Southbank Meltdown , a week-long event. It was suggested in interviews that this event would inspire Massive Attack back into action, having spent several years drifting towards

4686-482: A track which he recorded in Kingston, Jamaica with Jimmy Cliff 's backing group – was ranked by Billboard as the No. 57 song of 1972. In 1973, the film The Harder They Come starring Jimmy Cliff was released and introduced Jamaican music to cinema audiences outside Jamaica. Though the film achieved cult status, its limited appeal meant that it had a smaller impact than Eric Clapton 's 1974 cover of Bob Marley's " I Shot

4828-433: A trio comprising singer Beth Gibbons , Geoff Barrow , and Adrian Utley , released their debut album Dummy . Their background differed from Massive Attack in many ways: one of Portishead's primary influences was 1960s and 1970s film soundtrack LPs. Nevertheless, Portishead shared the scratchy, jazz-sample-based aesthetic of early Massive Attack (whom Barrow had briefly worked with during the recording of Blue Lines ), and

4970-643: A trip hop influence. Various prominent artists and groups, such as Janet Jackson , Kylie Minogue , Madonna , Björk , and Radiohead , have also been influenced by the genre. Trip hop has spawned several subgenres, including illbient ( dub -based trip hop which combines ambient and industrial hip hop ). Trip hop continued to influence notable artists in the 2000s. Norwegian avant-garde band Ulver incorporated trip hop in their ambient/electronic/jazzy album Perdition City . Atmospheric rock band Antimatter included some trip hop elements in their first two albums. Australian composer Rob Dougan proposed

5112-663: A week-long festival which used to take place in Osoppo , Italy , until 2009, is now held in Benicassim , Spain , and gathers up to 150,000 visitors every year. In Iceland reggae band Hjálmar is well established having released six CDs in Iceland. They were the first reggae band in Iceland, but few Icelandic artists had written songs in the reggae style before their arrival on the Icelandic music scene. The Icelandic reggae scene

5254-463: Is 1968's " Ob-La-Di, Ob-La-Da " by the Beatles . The Wailers , a band started by Bob Marley , Peter Tosh and Bunny Wailer in 1963, is perhaps the most recognized band that made the transition through all three stages of early Jamaican popular music: ska, rocksteady and reggae. Over a dozen Wailers songs are based on or use a line from Jamaican mento songs. Other significant ska artists who made

5396-502: Is deeply linked to Rastafari , an Afrocentric religion which developed in Jamaica in the 1930s, aiming at promoting pan-Africanism . Soon after the Rastafarian movement appeared, the international popularity of reggae music became associated with and increased the visibility of Rastafari and spread its gospel throughout the world. Reggae music is an important means of transporting vital messages of Rastafari. The musician becomes

5538-629: Is led by the drum and bass. Some key players in this sound are Jackie Jackson from Toots and the Maytals, Carlton Barrett from Bob Marley and the Wailers , Lloyd Brevett from the Skatalites , Paul Douglas from Toots and the Maytals, Lloyd Knibb from the Skatalites, Winston Grennan , Sly Dunbar , and Anthony "Benbow" Creary from the Upsetters . The bass guitar often plays

5680-439: Is that the singer Hopeton Lewis was unable to sing his hit song "Take It Easy" at a ska tempo. The name "rocksteady" was codified after the release of a single by Alton Ellis . Many rocksteady rhythms later were used as the basis of reggae recordings, whose slower tempos allowed for the "double skank" guitar strokes on the offbeat. Reggae developed from ska and rocksteady in the late 1960s. Larry And Alvin's "Nanny Goat" and

5822-497: Is the Nyabinghi rhythm , a style of ritual drumming performed as a communal meditative practice in the Rastafarian life. In the latter half of the 20th century, phonograph records became of central importance to the Jamaican music industry, playing a significant cultural and economic role in the development of reggae music. "In the early 1950s, Jamaican entrepreneurs began issuing 78s" but this format would soon be superseded by

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5964-430: Is this slower tempo, the guitar/piano offbeats, the emphasis on the third beat, and the use of syncopated , melodic bass lines that differentiate reggae from other music, although other musical styles have incorporated some of these innovations. Reggae drummers often involved these three tips for other reggae performers: (1) go for open, ringing tones when playing ska and rocksteady, (2) use any available material to stuff

6106-465: Is to put a record out next year", he says. "We actually get on really well at the moment because we don't spend time in the studio together", he says with a wry grin. "Me and Tricky wrote some new tracks in Paris last year, which haven't seen the light of day yet – but that was fun. They should be on the next album." On 5 February 2014, it was confirmed that Massive Attack would headline at Secret Solstice,

6248-545: The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time . The group have collaborated with several recurring guest vocalists, including Horace Andy , Shara Nelson , Tracey Thorn , Elizabeth Fraser , Sinéad O'Connor , Damon Albarn and Hope Sandoval . Massive Attack's awards include a Brit Award for Best British Dance Act, two MTV Europe Music Awards , and two Q Awards . Their five studio albums have sold over 13 million copies worldwide. Massive Attack are also known for supporting several political, human rights and environmental causes. In

6390-486: The COVID-19 global lockdown period, and was partly formed by generative algorithmic visuals from AI art pioneer Mario Klingemann and collaborations with Algiers , Young Fathers and US poet Saul Williams . The conceptual project, co-written and produced by 3D and documentary filmmaker Mark Donne , featured strong arguments for global system change from UN Paris Climate Agreement author Christiana Figueres , founder of

6532-535: The Coachella festival , after Chronixx in 2016. The UK was a primary destination for Caribbean people looking to emigrate as early as the 1950s. Because of this, Caribbean music in the United Kingdom , including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Most notable of these is lovers rock , but this fusion of Jamaican music into English culture

6674-510: The Dictionary of Jamaican English lists reggae as "a recently estab. sp. for rege ", as in rege-rege , a word that can mean either "rags, ragged clothing" or "a quarrel, a row". Reggae as a musical term first appeared in print with the 1968 rocksteady hit " Do the Reggay " by the Maytals which named the genre. Reggae historian Steve Barrow credits Clancy Eccles with altering

6816-468: The Jamaican patois word streggae (loose woman) into reggae . However, Toots Hibbert said: There's a word we used to use in Jamaica called "streggae". If a girl is walking and the guys look at her and say "Man, she's streggae" it means she don't dress well, she look raggedy. The girls would say that about the men too. This one morning me and my two friends were playing and I said, "OK man, let's do

6958-571: The Mo' Wax label and being played in London clubs at the time. "In/Flux", with its mixed up bpms , spoken word samples , strings, melodies, bizarre noises, prominent bass, and slow beats, gave the listener the impression they were on a musical trip , according to Pemberton. Soon, however, Massive Attack's dubby, jazzy, psychedelic, electronic textures, rooted in hip hop sampling technique but taking flight into many styles, were described by journalists as

7100-623: The Reggae Museum of Maranhão was inaugurated, the second reggae museum in the world (after Jamaica ), with the objective of preserving the state's reggae cultural history. In the United States, bands like Rebelution , Slightly Stoopid , Dirty Heads , and Iration are the leading bands in a growing genre. Other bands like The Movement, The Elovaters, Artikal Sound System, Soja, Fortunate Youth, Hirie, Common Kings and Tribal Seeds have enthusiastic followings and typically provide

7242-661: The Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity . Reggae en Español spread from mainland South American Caribbean from Venezuela and Guyana to the rest of South America. It does not have any specific characteristics other than being sung in Spanish, usually by artists of Latin American origin. Samba reggae originated in Brazil as a blend of samba with Jamaican reggae. Reggae also has

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7384-546: The UK Albums Chart . "Mezzanine" also contains the top-10 single " Teardrop ", which earned further recognition as the opening theme of the American television series House . In 1999, Vowles left the band, with Del Naja and Marshall continuing as a duo. They further released the albums 100th Window (2003) and Heligoland (2010). Both Blue Lines and Mezzanine feature in Rolling Stone ' s list of

7526-649: The Universal Basic Income Principle Professor Guy Standing and inventor of the US "Wealth Tax" policy Professor Gabriel Zucman . Each video ends with a quote from Thomas More's Utopia . Massive Attack were scheduled to headline the 2022 edition of the Primavera Sound music festival in Barcelona , Spain , but an unnamed band member's serious illness forced the band to cancel its appearance with

7668-510: The civil rights movement and the Black Soul movement, and especially the Jamaican independence movement since the 1960s and its messages in reggae and Rastafari. Thus, the sudden popularity of reggae music and musicians in Bahia, Brazil, was not the result of the effects of the transnational music industry, but of the need to establish cultural and political links with black communities across

7810-415: The hardcore rap styles and lyrics with atmospheric overtones to create a more mellow tempo. The term "trip-hop" first appeared in print in June 1994. Andy Pemberton, a music journalist writing for Mixmag , used it to describe " In/Flux ", a single by American producer DJ Shadow and UK act RPM, with the latter signed to Mo' Wax Records . In Bristol, hip hop began to seep into the consciousness of

7952-464: The hazzan style, Matisyahu's lyrics are mostly English with more than occasional use of Hebrew and Yiddish . There is a large Caribbean presence in Toronto and Montreal , Canada , with English and French influences on the reggae genre. Canadian band Magic! 's 2013 single " Rude " was an international hit. In 2017, Toots and the Maytals became the second reggae-based group to ever perform at

8094-457: The independent record label founded by the duo Coldcut , significantly influenced the trip-hop sound in London and beyond with breakthrough artists DJ Food , 9 Lazy 9 , Up, Bustle & Out , Funki Porcini and The Herbaliser , among others. The period also marked the debut of two acts who, along with Massive Attack, would define the Bristol scene for years to come. In 1994, Portishead ,

8236-448: The theremin and Mellotron . Trip hop differs from hip hop in theme and overall tone. Contrasting with gangsta rap and its hard-hitting lyrics, trip hop offers a more aural atmospherics influenced by experimental folk and rock acts of the seventies, such as John Martyn , combined with instrumental hip hop , turntable scratching, and breakbeat rhythms. Regarded in some ways as a 1990s update of fusion, trip hop may be said to "transcend"

8378-534: The " electronica " label. Trip hop songs were featured in film soundtracks of this era such as the Matrix series. Many producers who were not explicitly trip-hop artists also displayed its influence during this time. Daniel Nakamura, aka Dan the Automator , released two albums that were heavily inspired by trip hop. His 2000 album Deltron 3030 was a concept album about a rapper from the future, portrayed by Del

8520-417: The 'bang" has a very dampened, short and scratchy chop sound, almost like a percussion instrument. Sometimes a double chop is used when the guitar still plays the off beats, but also plays the following eighth-note beats on the up-stroke. An example is the intro to " Stir It Up " by the Wailers. Artist and producer Derrick Harriott says, "What happened was the musical thing was real widespread, but only among

8662-452: The 7" single, first released in 1949. In 1951 the first recordings of mento music were released as singles and showcased two styles of mento: an acoustic rural style, and a jazzy pop style. Other 7" singles to appear in Jamaica around this time were covers of popular American R&B hits, made by Kingston sound system operators to be played at public dances. Meanwhile, Jamaican expatriates started issuing 45s on small independent labels in

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8804-548: The Albarn material. Later it was announced that the band were to headline the 2009 Bestival festival, and soon after that they were to tour the UK and Europe. In May, 3D's instrumental "Herculaneum", featured in the film Gomorra , won an Italian award for Best Song. Later that month, 3D and Daddy G picked up a special Ivor Novello award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music. On 29 May 2009, Jonny Dollar died of cancer aged 45, survived by his wife and four children. Dollar

8946-481: The Americas that had faced and were facing similar sociopolitical situations. Musically, it was the bloco afro Olodum and its lead percussionist, Neguinho do Samba , that began to combine the basic samba beat of the blocos with merengue, salsa, and reggae rhythms and debuted their experimentations in the carnival of 1986. The new toques (drumming patterns) were labeled "samba-reggae" and consisted basically of

9088-465: The Banshees ' " Mittageisen " and "Dissolved Girl", a new song with vocals by Sarah Jay (that was later remixed for the next album), which was featured at the beginning of the 1999 film The Matrix , although it was not on the official soundtrack. Later that year they released a single, " Risingson ", from what would be their third album, Mezzanine . In 1997, 3D became the band's main producer in

9230-468: The Beltones' "No More Heartaches" were among the songs in the genre. The beat was distinctive from rocksteady in that it dropped any of the pretensions to the smooth, soulful sound that characterized slick American R&B, and instead was closer in kinship to US southern funk, being heavily dependent on the rhythm section to drive it along. Reggae's great advantage was its almost limitless flexibility: from

9372-609: The Better was released in 2011 after a highly publicised unveiling of songs, including appearances on Zane Lowe 's BBC Radio 1 show and previews at a performance in Antwerp in August 2010. The album was met with "generally favorable reviews" on Metacritic, with some criticising Shadow's lack of originality. Sam Richards of NME felt that the album sounded "like the work of a man struggling to recall his motivations for making music in

9514-573: The DJs Nellee Hooper , Andrew "Mushroom" Vowles and Grant "Daddy G" Marshall . As the hip hop scene matured in Bristol and musical trends evolved further toward acid jazz and house in the late 1980s, the golden era of the soundsystem began to end. The Wild Bunch signed a record deal and evolved into Massive Attack , a core collective of 3D, Mushroom and Daddy G, with significant contributions from Tricky Kid (soon shortened to Tricky ), Dollar, and Hooper on production duties, along with

9656-838: The EP. On 26 July 2016, Massive Attack previewed three new songs: "Come Near Me", "The Spoils", and "Dear Friend" on the Fantom iPhone application on which they previously previewed the four songs from the Ritual Spirit EP. On 29 July 2016, they released a new EP, " The Spoils ", which includes "The Spoils" and "Come Near Me", both previewed on Fantom. The EP was written and produced by Daddy G, without 3D’s involvement. "The Spoils" features vocals from American singer-songwriter Hope Sandoval , and "Come Near Me" features British vocalist Ghostpoet . A music video for "Come Near Me", directed by Ed Morris, and featuring Kosovan actress Arta Dobroshi ,

9798-658: The Funky Homosapien . 2001 saw the release of his side project, Lovage and the album Music to Make Love to Your Old Lady By , with special guests Mike Patton , Prince Paul , Maseo , Damon Albarn , and Afrika Bambaataa . British producer Fatboy Slim 's breakthrough album, Halfway Between the Gutter and the Stars , was his most commercially successful release. Another heavily trip-hop influenced band, Elsiane , published their first album Hybrid in 2007, creating

9940-578: The King , a compilation of Christian gospel reggae, suggest that the word reggae was derived from the Latin regi meaning 'to the king'. Reggae's direct origins are in the ska and rocksteady of 1960s Jamaica, strongly influenced by traditional Caribbean mento and calypso music , as well as American jazz and rhythm and blues . Ska was originally a generic title for Jamaican music recorded between 1961 and 1967 and emerged from Jamaican R&B, which

10082-415: The Phonographic Industry . Following the 2013 release of EP2 , the music of FKA Twigs was described in a Pitchfork Magazine article as "trip hop for a new time", with "a menacing undertow reminiscent of Massive Attack's Mezzanine ." In September 2021, the Sneaker Pimps released the album "Squaring the Circle" which had been their first release in over 20 years, featuring Simonne Jones on some of

10224-524: The Police 's 1978 debut album, Outlandos d'Amour , laid down the template for the basic structure of a lot of rock/reggae songwriting: a reggae-infused verse containing upstrokes on guitar or keyboards and a more aggressive, on-the-beat punk/rock attack during the chorus. The end of the 1970s featured a ska revival in the UK. By the end of the 1970s, a revival movement had begun in England, with such bands as

10366-548: The Reggae Compassionate Act, in a deal brokered with top dancehall promoters and Stop Murder Music activists. They renounced homophobia and agreed to "not make statements or perform songs that incite hatred or violence against anyone from any community". Five artists targeted by the anti-homophobia campaign did not sign up to the act, including Elephant Man, TOK , Bounty Killa and Vybz Kartel . Buju Banton and Beenie Man both gained positive press coverage around

10508-533: The Sheriff " which made it onto the playlists of mainstream rock and pop radio stations worldwide. Clapton's "I Shot the Sheriff" used modern rock production and recording techniques and faithfully retained most of the original reggae elements; it was a breakthrough pastiche devoid of any parody and played an important part in bringing the music of Bob Marley to a wider rock audience. By the mid-1970s, authentic reggae dub plates and specials were getting some exposure in

10650-636: The Specials, Madness, the (English) Beat, and the Selecter. The Specials' leader and keyboardist, Jerry Dammers , founded the 2 Tone record label, which released albums from the aforementioned racially integrated groups and was instrumental in creating a new social and cultural awareness. The 2 Tone movement referenced reggae's godfathers, popular styles (including the genre's faster and more dance-oriented precursors, ska and rocksteady), and previous modes of dress (such as black suits and porkpie hats) but updated

10792-483: The UK on John Peel 's radio show, who promoted the genre for the rest of his career. Around the same time, British filmmaker Jeremy Marre documented the Jamaican music scene in Roots Rock Reggae , capturing the heyday of Roots reggae . While the quality of Reggae records produced in Jamaica took a turn for the worse following the oil crisis of the 1970s, reggae produced elsewhere began to flourish. In

10934-480: The United Kingdom , including reggae, has been popular since the late 1960s, and has evolved into several subgenres and fusions. Many reggae artists began their careers in the UK, and there have been a number of European artists and bands drawing their inspiration directly from Jamaica and the Caribbean community in Europe. Reggae in Africa was boosted by the visit of Bob Marley to Zimbabwe in 1980. The 1967 edition of

11076-413: The United Kingdom, many mastered directly from Jamaican 45s. Ska arose in Jamaican studios in the late 1950s, developing from this mix of American R&B, mento and calypso music . Notable for its jazz-influenced horn riffs, ska is characterized by a quarter note walking bass line, guitar and piano offbeats , and a drum pattern with cross-stick snare and bass drum on the backbeat and open hi-hat on

11218-483: The album featured down-tempo hip-hop beats and dub style bass reminiscent of trip hop. Hip hop groups Zion I and the Dub Pistols also displayed heavy trip hop influence. Norwegian singer and songwriter Kate Havnevik is a classically trained musician, but also incorporates trip hop into her work. During the late 1990s and early 2000s trip hop achieved crossover success in the United States, often lumped under

11360-578: The album versions. The fifth album was released on 12 November 2009, called Heligoland , after the German archipelago of Heligoland , after a previous project called "Weather Underground" was abandoned. 3D said "I think it's got definitely a more organic feel". The opening track, "Pray For Rain" featured guest vocals of TV on the Radio 's Tunde Adebimpe. Damon Albarn, Martina Topley-Bird and Mazzy Star frontwoman Hope Sandoval also provide guest vocals on

11502-547: The album. 3D said in October 2010, to the Spinner website, that his plans were now for "unorthodox" releases of several EPs in 2011, rather than an album. In a 2013 interview for his first solo art show since 2008, 3D confirmed that not only was new Massive Attack material in the works, but that rumours of a reunion with Tricky were true. Tricky had not been featured on a Massive Attack album since 1994's Protection. "The idea

11644-525: The band were introduced to Neil Davidge , a relatively unknown producer who had an association with anonymous dance-pop outfit DNA . The first track they worked on was "The Hunter Gets Captured by the Game", a cover version sung by Tracey Thorn for the Batman Forever soundtrack . Initially, Davidge was brought in as engineer, but soon became producer. The group increasingly fractured in the lead-up to

11786-432: The band, but Massive Attack rejected them all. In 2019, Massive Attack went on tour to promote the 20th anniversary rerelease of Mezzanine , billed as "Mezzanine XX1". The American tour dates, originally scheduled for April, were postponed to September due to illness in the band. In July 2020, Massive Attack released a political audiovisual EP called Eutopia . The three-track fusion was created across five cities during

11928-444: The bass drum so that it tightens up the kick to a deep, punchy thud, and (3) go without a ride cymbal, focusing on the hi-hat for timekeeping and thin crashes with fast decay for accents. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the off beat of the rhythm. So if one is counting in 4 time and counting "1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and ...", one would play a downstroke on the "and" part of the beat. A musical figure known as skank or

12070-525: The cancellation of UK tours by Beenie Man and Sizzla. Toronto, Canada has also seen the cancellation of concerts due to artists such as Elephant Man and Sizzla refusing to conform to similar censorship pressures. After lobbying from the Stop Murder Music coalition, the dancehall music industry agreed in 2005 to stop releasing songs that promote hatred and violence against gay people. In June 2007, Beenie Man, Sizzla and Capleton signed up to

12212-493: The completion of their fifth studio album. Later that year, 3D and Daddy G headed to Damon Albarn 's studios for some writing and jamming. Around this time, Davidge scored the soundtrack for a Paul McGuigan film, Push and in December, 3D completed the score for 44 Inch Chest with the Insects and Angelo Badalamenti . Davidge and 3D got back together in 2009 with Daddy G to finish the fifth album, incorporating bits of

12354-586: The dominant role in reggae. The bass sound in reggae is thick and heavy, and equalized so the upper frequencies are removed and the lower frequencies emphasized. The guitar in reggae usually plays on the offbeat of the rhythm. It is common for reggae to be sung in Jamaican Patois , Jamaican English , and Iyaric dialects. Reggae is noted for its tradition of social criticism and religion in its lyrics, although many reggae songs discuss lighter, more personal subjects, such as love and socializing. Reggae

12496-450: The drum's emphasis on beat three to create a unique sense of phrasing. The reggae offbeat can be counted so that it falls between each count as an "and" (example: 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 and ... , etc.) or counted as a half-time feel at twice the tempo so it falls on beats 2 and 4. This is in contrast to the way most other popular genres focus on beat one, the "downbeat". The tempo of reggae is usually slower than both ska and rocksteady . It

12638-635: The dynamics of the element as being at once cerebral, socio-political, sensual and spiritual." The term cod reggae is popularly used to describe reggae done by non-Caribbean people, often in a disparaging manner because of perceived inauthenticity . Boy George has been described as “one of the great cod reggae artists of all time.” Stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues (R&B), jazz , mento , calypso , African, and Latin American music, as well as other genres. Reggae scenes consist of two guitars, one for rhythm and one for lead—drums, congas, and keyboards, with

12780-411: The early 1980s, DJs Daddy G and Mushroom , and rappers Tricky and 3D met as members of partying collective the Wild Bunch . One of the first homegrown soundsystems in the UK, the Wild Bunch became dominant on the Bristol club scene in the mid-1980s. In 1988, Massive Attack was created as a spin-off quartet. Unsigned, the group (Mushroom, Daddy G, 3D and Tricky) put out "Any Love" as a single. It

12922-538: The early, jerky sound of Lee Perry's "People Funny Boy", to the uptown sounds of Third World's "Now That We've Found Love", it was an enormous leap through the years and styles, yet both are instantly recognizable as reggae. The shift from rocksteady to reggae was illustrated by the organ shuffle pioneered by Jamaican musicians like Jackie Mittoo and Winston Wright and featured in transitional singles "Say What You're Saying" (1968) by Eric "Monty" Morris and "People Funny Boy" (1968) by Lee "Scratch" Perry . Early 1968

13064-607: The entire soundtrack for Danny the Dog , starring Jet Li . Dot Allison , who had sung with the band on the 100th Window tour, sang the end title track, "Aftersun". 3D and Davidge also scored the soundtrack for the Bullet Boy film, with 3D on the end title vocals. In 2005, Daddy G started coming into the studio, although little came of the material. He decided to instead work with a production duo, Robot Club, in another studio, feeling that he would be more free to develop tracks in

13206-513: The fact that several acts were inspired by post-punk bands; Tricky and Massive Attack both covered and sampled songs of Siouxsie and the Banshees and the Cure . Tricky opened his second album Nearly God with a version of " Tattoo ", a proto-trip-hop song of Siouxsie and the Banshees initially recorded in 1983. Trip hop tracks often incorporate Rhodes pianos , saxophones, trumpets, flutes , and may employ unconventional instruments such as

13348-494: The first place." Beak 's album titled Beak>> was released in 2012 and received high scores from journalists, including an 8/10 from NME and Spin magazine. Lana Del Rey released her second album, Born to Die in 2012, which contained a string of trip hop ballads. The album topped the charts in eleven countries, including Australia, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom; it has sold 3.4 million copies worldwide as of 2013 according to International Federation of

13490-460: The hymns and adapted chanteys of local church singing), calypso , and also draws influence from traditional African folk rhythms. One of the most easily recognizable elements is offbeat rhythms; staccato chords played by a guitar or piano (or both) on the offbeats of the measure. The tempo of reggae is usually slower-paced than both ska and rocksteady. The concept of call and response can be found throughout reggae music. The genre of reggae music

13632-503: The incorporation of the Spanish language; the use of translations and versions based on known riddims and background music; and regional consciousness. It is a medium of rebellious contestation rising from the underground. Hispanic reggae is related to rap, sharing characteristics that can be found not only in the social conditions in which they developed in the region but also in the characteristics of social sectors and classes that welcome them. Brazilian samba-reggae utilized themes such as

13774-486: The independent reggae music industry. Jamaican Prime Minister Bruce Golding made February 2008 the first annual Reggae Month in Jamaica. To celebrate, the Recording Industry Association of Jamaica (RIAJam) held its first Reggae Academy Awards on 24 February 2008. In addition, Reggae Month included a six-day Global Reggae conference, a reggae film festival, two radio station award functions, and

13916-462: The influence of genres such as jazz and early R&B, in which female vocalists were more common. However, there are notable exceptions: Massive Attack and Groove Armada collaborated with male and female vocalists, Tricky often features vocally in his own productions along with Martina Topley-Bird , and Chris Corner provided vocals for later albums with Sneaker Pimps . Trip hop is also known for its melancholic sound. This may be partly due to

14058-474: The initial success of trip hop in the mid-1990s, the artists who made their own interpretations of the genre include Archive , Baby Fox , Bowery Electric , Esthero , Morcheeba , Sneaker Pimps , Anomie Belle , Alpha , Jaianto, Mudville and Cibo Matto and Lamb . These artists incorporated trip hop into other genres, including ambient , soul , IDM , industrial , dubstep , breakbeat , drum and bass , acid jazz , and new-age . The first printed use of

14200-806: The late 1970s and early 1980s, the UK punk rock scene flourished, and reggae was a notable influence. The DJ Don Letts would play reggae and punk tracks at clubs such as The Roxy . Punk bands such as the Clash , the Ruts , the Members and the Slits played many reggae-influenced songs. Around the same time, reggae music took a new path in the UK; one that was created by the multiracial makeup of England's inner cities and exemplified by groups like Steel Pulse , Aswad and UB40 , as well as artists such as Smiley Culture and Carroll Thompson . The Jamaican ghetto themes in

14342-484: The late 1980s in the United Kingdom , especially Bristol . It has been described as a psychedelic fusion of hip hop and electronica with slow tempos and an atmospheric sound, often incorporating elements of jazz , soul , funk , reggae , dub , R&B , and other genres, typically of electronic music , as well as sampling from movie soundtracks and other eclectic sources. The style emerged as

14484-576: The late 1990s and has recorded at Bob Marley's famous Tuff Gong Studios. Since the early 1990s, several Italian reggae bands have emerged, including Africa Unite, Gaudi , Reggae National Tickets, Sud Sound System , Pitura Freska and B.R. Stylers . Reggae appeared on the Yugoslav popular music scene in the late 1970s, through sporadic songs by various rock acts, most prominently by new wave bands Haustor , Šarlo Akrobata , Aerodrom , Laboratorija Zvuka , Piloti , Zana , Du Du A and Grupa I . In

14626-567: The leap to reggae include Prince Buster , Desmond Dekker , Ken Boothe , and Millie Small , best known for her 1964 blue-beat/ska cover version of " My Boy Lollipop " which was a smash hit internationally. Notable Jamaican producers influential in the development of ska into rocksteady and reggae include: Coxsone Dodd , Lee "Scratch" Perry , Leslie Kong , Duke Reid , Joe Gibbs and King Tubby . Chris Blackwell , who founded Island Records in Jamaica in 1960, relocated to England in 1962, where he continued to promote Jamaican music. He formed

14768-479: The lyrics were replaced with UK inner city themes, and Jamaican patois became intermingled with Cockney slang. In South London around this time, a new subgenre of lovers rock , was being created. Unlike the Jamaican music of the same name which was mainly dominated by male artists such as Gregory Isaacs , the South London genre was led by female singers like Thompson and Janet Kay . The UK Lovers Rock had

14910-502: The messenger, and as Rastafari see it, "the soldier and the musician are tools for change." Reggae has spread to many countries around the world, often incorporating local instruments and fusing with other genres. Reggae en Español spread from the Spanish-speaking Central American country of Panama to the mainland South American country of Venezuelathen to the rest of South America. Caribbean music in

15052-781: The mid-1980s appeared Del Arno Band , often considered the first Yugoslav band whose sound was primarily reggae-oriented, remaining one of the most notable reggae acts on the post-Yugoslav music scene. The first homegrown Polish reggae bands started in the 1980s with groups like Izrael . Singer and songwriter Alexander Barykin was considered the father of Russian reggae. In Sweden, Uppsala Reggae Festival attracts attendees from across Northern Europe and features Swedish reggae bands such as Rootvälta and Svenska Akademien as well as many popular Jamaican artists. Summerjam , Europe's biggest reggae festival, takes place in Cologne , Germany , and sees crowds of 25,000 or more. Rototom Sunsplash ,

15194-415: The music combined hip hop with experimental rock and dub and sounded like a premature version of what later became trip hop. In 1993, Kirsty MacColl released " Angel ", one of the first examples of the genre crossing over to pop, a hybrid that dominated the charts toward the end of the 1990s. Massive Attack's first album Blue Lines was released in 1991 to huge success in the United Kingdom. Blue Lines

15336-469: The offbeats. When Jamaica gained independence in 1962, ska became the music of choice for young Jamaicans seeking music that was their own. Ska also became popular among mods in Britain. In the mid-1960s, ska gave rise to rocksteady , a genre slower than ska featuring more romantic lyrics and less prominent horns. Theories abound as to why Jamaican musicians slowed the ska tempo to create rocksteady; one

15478-422: The picture, Massive Attack enlisted the production talents of former Wild Bunch Nellee Hooper to co-produce some songs on it, with Mushroom. Other tracks were co-produced by the Insects and 3D. A dub version, No Protection , was released the following year by Mad Professor . Protection won a Brit award for Best Dance Act. The other collaborators on Protection were Marius de Vries and Craig Armstrong ,

15620-463: The political consciousness of the audience, such as by criticizing materialism , or by informing the listener about controversial subjects such as apartheid . Many reggae songs promote the use of cannabis (also known as herb , ganja , or sinsemilla ), considered a sacrament in the Rastafari movement . There are many artists who utilize religious themes in their music – whether it be discussing

15762-414: The recording sessions that made Mezzanine , Massive Attack's most commercially successful album, selling nearly four million copies. It featured Neil Davidge as a sound engineer and co-producer, and Horace Andy and Elizabeth Fraser as the main guest vocalists. During recording, Angelo Bruschini became their permanent lead guitarist both in a session capacity and live. The lead single, after "Risingson",

15904-492: The reggay." It was just something that came out of my mouth. So we just start singing "Do the reggay, do the reggay" and created a beat. People tell me later that we had given the sound its name. Before that people had called it blue-beat and all kind of other things. Now it's in the Guinness World of Records. Bob Marley said that the word reggae came from a Spanish term for "the king's music". The liner notes of To

16046-525: The rest of its European tour. Angelo Bruschini , who played guitar on Mezzanine and 100th Window while touring with the band since 1995, died of lung cancer on 23 October 2023. The group played their first show in five years on 5 June 2024 in Gothenburg , Sweden, joined by guests Elizabeth Fraser , Horace Andy and Young Fathers , who all toured with the band during their European shows that summer. The same line-up played Bristol in August. Billed as

16188-412: The same popularity as his Bristol contemporaries Massive Attack and Portishead. Through his collaborations with Björk, however, he exerted influence closer to the pop and alternative rock mainstream, and he developed a large cult fan-base. Although not as popular in the United States, bands like Portishead and Sneaker Pimps saw moderate airplay on alternative-rock stations across the country. After

16330-441: The second half of the '90s". Common musical aesthetics include a bass-heavy drumbeat, often providing the slowed down breakbeat samples similar to standard 1990s hip hop beats, giving the genre a more psychedelic and mainstream feel. Vocals in trip hop are often female and feature characteristics of various singing styles including R&B , jazz and rock . The female-dominant vocals of trip hop may be partially attributable to

16472-494: The solo songs on Maxinquaye featured little of Tricky's own voice: his then-lover, Martina Topley-Bird , sang them, including her re-imagining of rap group Public Enemy 's 1988 song " Black Steel in the Hour of Chaos ", while other songs were male-female duets dealing with sex and love in oblique ways, over beds of sometimes dissonant samples. Within a year, Tricky had released two more full-length albums, although they failed to find

16614-693: The sound with a faster tempo, more guitar, and more attitude. Birmingham based reggae/ pop music band UB40 were main contributors to the British reggae scene throughout the 1980s and 1990s. The achieved international success with hits such as " Red Red Wine ", " Kingston Town " and " (I Can't Help) Falling in Love with You ." Other UK-based artists that had international impact include Aswad , Misty in Roots , Steel Pulse , Janet Kay , Tippa Irie , Smiley Culture and more recently Bitty McLean . There have been

16756-537: The studio, Davidge and 3D steered "LP4" on their own. Enlisting the vocals of Sinéad O'Connor and Horace Andy, 100th Window was mastered in August 2002 and released in February 2003. Featuring no samples or cover versions, 100th Window was not as critically well-received in Britain as the other records, although the album received a warmer reception internationally, scoring a 75 out of 100 on review aggregation site Metacritic . The group collaborated with Mos Def on

16898-488: The sullen, fragile vocals of Gibbons also brought them wide acclaim. In 1995, Dummy was awarded the Mercury Music Prize as the best British album of the year, giving trip-hop as a genre its greatest exposure yet. Portishead's music was also widely imitated, to the point that they distanced themselves from the trip-hop label they had inadvertently helped popularize, with Barrow stating "The whole trip-hop tag

17040-415: The template of the eponymous genre. In 1993, Icelandic musician Björk released Debut , produced by Wild Bunch member Nellee Hooper. The album, although rooted in four-on-the-floor house music , contained elements of trip hop and is credited as one of the first albums to introduce electronic dance music into mainstream pop. She had been in contact with London's underground electronic music scene and

17182-506: The term "post-trip hop" was in an October 2002 article of The Independent , and was used to describe the band Second Person . Trip hop has also influenced artists in other genres, including Gorillaz , Emancipator , Nine Inch Nails , Travis , PJ Harvey , How to Destroy Angels , Beth Orton , The Flaming Lips , Bitter:Sweet , Beck , Alanis Morissette , The xx and Deftones . Several tracks on Australian pop singer Kylie Minogue 's 1997 album Impossible Princess also displayed

17324-407: The third album, Davidge having to co-produce the three producers' ideas separately. Mushroom was reported to be unhappy with the degree of the post-punk direction in which 3D, increasingly filling the production vacuum, was taking the band. In 1997, the group contributed to the film soundtrack of The Jackal , recording "Superpredators (Metal Postcard)", a song containing a sample of Siouxsie and

17466-402: The time. These and other psychedelic , soundtrack-like and DJist techniques, formed their style which has often been emulated. Journalists described this sound as " trip hop " from the mid-nineties onwards. In an interview in 2006, Daddy G said, "We used to hate that terminology trip-hop so bad," [laughs] "You know, as far we were concerned, Massive Attack music was unique, so to put it in a box

17608-401: The track "I Against I", which appeared on the "Special Cases" single and the soundtrack for Blade II . "I Against I" is also notable as the only track from the 100th Window sessions that features a writing credit from Daddy G. 100th Window sold over one million copies and was toured extensively (including Queen Square, Bristol—a one-off sell out concert set up in the city centre park, which

17750-584: The tracks. The album, while rooted in Trip Hop, had much more of a Pop styling than previous efforts. In April 2024, Irish rock band Fontaines D.C. released " Starburster ", the lead single from their fourth album Romance . Critics Consequence and Clash described the track as trip hop. Reggae Stylistically, reggae incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz, mento (a celebratory, rural folk form that served its largely rural audience as dance music and an alternative to

17892-494: The way he wanted. Meanwhile, 3D and Davidge recorded with a number of different singers as well as creating a track named "Twilight", for UNKLE 's War Stories album. Later that year, Massive Attack decided to release their contractually obliged compilation album Collected in 2006. They released it with a second disc, made up of previously released non-album songs and unreleased sketches. In 2007, 3D and Davidge scored three soundtracks, In Prison My Whole Life (which featured

18034-477: The world for publicly renouncing homophobia by signing the Reggae Compassion Act. However, both of these artists have since denied any involvement in anti-homophobia work and both deny having signed any such act. Reggae has spread to many countries around the world, often incorporating local instruments and fusing with other genres. In November 2018 UNESCO added the "reggae music of Jamaica" to

18176-474: The ‘trip-hop’ genre. The single " Unfinished Sympathy " was a chart hit in Europe, including number one on the Dutch Top 40 , and was later voted the 63rd-greatest song of all time in a poll by NME . In 1994, they released their second album Protection . Thaws left the band later that year to pursue a solo career. In 1998, they released their third album, Mezzanine , giving them their first number one on

18318-421: Was " Teardrop ", sung by Fraser of Cocteau Twins . The song was accompanied by a video directed by Walter Stern , of an animatronic singing fetus. Horace Andy sang on three songs, including " Angel ". A track the band made for the film The Jackal , "Dissolved Girl", sung by Sarah Jay, was remixed for inclusion on the record. Mezzanine went on to win a Q Award for Best Album as well as being nominated for

18460-622: Was an executive producer of the album and became the group's first manager. Cherry and McVey provided financial support, via the Cherry Bear organisation, and the album was partly recorded in their house. The band used guest vocalists, interspersed with their own sprechgesang stylings, on top of what became regarded as an essentially British creative sampling production; a trademark sound that fused hip hop , soul , reggae and other eclectic references, both musical and lyrical. The album used vocalists including Horace Andy and Shara Nelson ,

18602-402: Was based largely on American R&B and doo-wop. Rastafari entered some countries primarily through reggae music; thus, the movement in these places is more stamped by its origins in reggae music and social milieu. The Rastafari movement was a significant influence on reggae, with Rasta drummers like Count Ossie taking part in seminal recordings. One of the predecessors of reggae drumming

18744-559: Was co-produced by Bristol double-act Smith & Mighty and featured the falsetto -voiced singer-songwriter Carlton McCarthy . In 1990, they committed to deliver six studio albums and a "best of" compilation to Circa Records. This record label became a subsidiary of, and was later subsumed into, Virgin Records , which in turn was acquired by EMI . In 1989, 3D co-wrote Neneh Cherry 's Manchild . This working relationship continued with Cherry helping Massive Attack to record their first album Blue Lines . Cherry's partner Cameron McVey

18886-510: Was interweaved throughout the film. Del Naja, who orchestrated the film's soundtrack, described the experience as a "collective hallucination" and the film was also shown at the Manchester International Festival in July 2013. Music created by Del Naja for the festival became the score for a BBC production entitled HyperNormalisation in 2016. Trip hop Trip hop is a musical genre that originated in

19028-454: Was nonsense. It was developed by people in London, and the people in Bristol just had to put up with it.". Tricky also released his debut solo album, Maxinquaye in 1995, to great critical acclaim. The album was produced largely in collaboration with Mark Saunders . Tricky employed whispered, often abstract stream-of-consciousness lyrics, remote from the gangsta-rap braggadocio of the mid-1990s US hip-hop scene. Even more unusually, many of

19170-511: Was released the same day as the single. The video for "The Spoils", featuring Cate Blanchett and directed by Australian director John Hillcoat , was released on 9 August 2016. On 13 July 2018, Massive Attack cancelled their appearance at the Mad Cool festival in Madrid because of sound bleed from Franz Ferdinand on a neighbouring stage. The festival offered several solutions to accommodate

19312-401: Was romantically involved with trip-hop musician Tricky. Björk further embraced trip-hop with her 1995 album Post by collaborating with Tricky and Howie B. Homogenic , her 1997 album, has been described as a pinnacle of trip hop music. Trip-hop neared the peak of its popularity in 1994 and 1995, with artists such as Howie B and Earthling making significant contributions. Ninja Tune ,

19454-482: Was seen as a homecoming). Also in 2003, 3D was arrested on allegations involving child pornography, which were reported widely in the media. Del Naja was soon eliminated as a suspect (although he was charged with ecstasy possession and unable to get a U.S. visa for a while) with Daddy G and fans offering their support. The arrest affected the beginning of the 100th Window tour schedule. In 2005, 3D and Davidge agreed to an offer from director Louis Leterrier to score

19596-625: Was seen widely as the first major manifestation of a uniquely British hip hop movement, but the album's hit single " Unfinished Sympathy " and other tracks were not seen as hip hop songs in a conventional sense despite similarities in production methods such as using sample-based rhythms. Co-produced by Jonny Dollar, the orchestral "Unfinished" featured R&B singer Shara Nelson , and Jamaican dance hall star Horace Andy provided vocals on several other tracks, as he would throughout Massive Attack's career. Massive Attack released their second album entitled Protection in 1994. Although Tricky stayed on in

19738-542: Was seminal in the formation of other musical forms like drum and bass and dubstep . The UK became the base from which many Jamaican artists toured Europe and due to the large number of Jamaican musicians emigrating there, the UK is the root of the larger European scene that exists today. Many of the world's most famous reggae artists began their careers in UK. Singer and Grammy Award-winning reggae artist Maxi Priest began his career with seminal British sound system Saxon Studio International . Three reggae-tinged singles from

19880-475: Was the programmer and hands-on producer behind Blue Lines , writing some of the melodies that were the basis for the string arrangements in "Unfinished Sympathy". On 25 August 2009 their new EP, Splitting the Atom , was announced. The other new tracks on the EP were Tunde Adebimpe 's "Pray For Rain", Martina Topley-Bird 's "Psyche" and Guy Garvey 's "Bulletproof Love". The latter two tracks appear as remixes of

20022-670: Was to pigeonhole it and to say, 'Right, we know where you guys are coming from.'" A solo exhibition of Del Naja's art was held at the Lazarides gallery in central London, from 24 May to 22 June 2013. The show's content spanned a period of over twenty years and featured many of the art pieces that Del Naja created for Massive Attack. Each piece, reinterpreted especially for the exhibition, was hand-printed and finished. The show also featured three one-off 'digital infinity mirrors', two of which contained phrases supplied by Reprieve that were extracted from drone pilot dialogues. Del Naja performed

20164-471: Was when the first bona fide reggae records were released: "Nanny Goat" by Larry Marshall and "No More Heartaches" by the Beltones. That same year, the newest Jamaican sound began to spawn big-name imitators in other countries. American artist Johnny Nash 's 1968 hit " Hold Me Tight " has been credited with first putting reggae in the American listener charts. Around the same time, reggae influences were starting to surface in rock and pop music ; one example

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