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31-528: The last ruling king was Tadhg mac Diarmata, who ruled until 1585. As a modern day surname, McDermott is mostly found in western Ireland and County Roscommon . Some notable people with the surname are listed below. County Roscommon County Roscommon ( Irish : Contae Ros Comáin ) is a county in Ireland . It is part of the province of Connacht and the Northern and Western Region . It

62-634: A complex of archaeological sites, the home of Queen Medb ( Irish : Méadhbh , anglicised Maeve), was the seat of Kings of Connacht and then to the High Kings of Ireland. This was the starting point of the Táin Bó Cúailnge , or Cattle Raid of Cooley, an epic tale in Irish mythology . The county is home to prehistoric ringforts such as Carnagh West Ringfort and Drummin fort . County Roscommon as an administrative division has its roots in

93-452: A farm in the townland of Ballymagibbon (or Ballymacgibbon), which is close to Cong. William Wilde , who was from this part of Ireland, had seen the cross in his childhood in Fr. Prendergast's possession and stated that at that time (the early 19th century) the cross was used at Cong chapel at the festivals of Christmas and Easter, when it was placed on the altar during mass. MacCullagh presented

124-468: A feature also found in German crosses. The overall shape of the cross was thought to be Romanesque, but recent discoveries have shown very similar shapes in much earlier Irish pieces. Some of the original precious stones and glass pieces that studded the cross are now missing. There is a large polished piece of rock crystal in the centre of the cross. Under this was placed the relic (sent from Rome around

155-636: Is covered the cross on which suffered the Maker of the World." or, with similar meaning, as "In this cross is preserved [or conserved] the cross on which the Founder of the world suffered." The inscription forms a line of dactylic hexameter . The technical and stylistic similarities to the "Cross of Cong group", confirms without doubt the Cross of Cong was crafted in twelfth century county Roscommon . The cross

186-460: Is the 11th largest Irish county by area and 26th most populous . Its county town and largest town is Roscommon . Roscommon County Council is the local authority for the county. The population of the county was 69,995 as of the 2022 census. County Roscommon is named after the county town of Roscommon . Roscommon comes from the Irish Ros meaning a wooded, gentle height and Comán ,

217-786: Is the dominant sport in Roscommon. Roscommon won the All-Ireland Senior Football Championships in 1943 and 1944 and the National Football League Division 1 in 1979, as well as Division 2 in 2015 and 2018. Roscommon have captured the Connacht Senior Football Championship on 23 occasions, the most recent being in 2019. Roscommon's main hurling title was the 2007 Nicky Rackard Cup . Soccer and rugby are also popular sports in

248-590: The Ordnance Survey . Entering St Peter's parish in Athlone in June 1837, he wrote, "I have now entered upon a region totally different from Longford, and am very much pleased with the intelligence of the people." However, he had major problems with place-names. He later wrote, "I am sick to death's door of lochawns, and it pains me to the very soul to have to make these remarks, but what can I do when I cannot make

279-485: The penal laws . In 1680, Ruaidhrí Ó Flaithbheartaigh , the historian from County Galway, saw the cross (which he referred to as the "Abbot of Cong's Cross" ) and copied inscriptions from it. Edward Lhuyd of Wales , Ó Flaithbheartaigh's friend, recorded this fact in his "Archaeologia Britannica" , published in 1707. In the 19th century, George Petrie , the Irish antiquarian , was aware that Lhuyd's book mentioned

310-523: The Cathedral church of the period that was located at Tuam , County Galway, Ireland. The cross was subsequently moved to Cong Abbey at Cong, County Mayo , from which it takes its name. It was designed to be placed on top of a staff and there is also a reliquary , designed to hold a purported piece of the True Cross . This gave it additional importance as an object of reverence and was undoubtedly

341-646: The Irish language, with the exception of one which is in Latin . The translated Irish language inscriptions read as follows: "A prayer for Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair, for the King of Ireland, for whom this shrine was made. Pray for Muireadhach Ua Dubhthaigh , the Senior of Erin. Pray for Domnall mac Flannacáin Ua Dubthaig, Bishop of Connacht and Comarb [Successor] of [Saints] Comman and Ciaran, under whose superintendence

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372-630: The Middle Ages. With the conquest and division of the Kingdom of Connacht , those districts in the east retained by King John as "The King's Cantreds " covered County Roscommon, and parts of East Galway . These districts were leased to the native kings of Connacht and eventually became the county. In 1585 during the Tudor re-establishment of counties under the Composition of Connacht , Roscommon

403-492: The county into the rural districts of Athlone No. 2, Ballinasloe No. 2, Boyle No. 1, Carrick-on-Shannon No. 2, Castlerea, Roscommon, and Strokestown. The rural districts were abolished in 1925. Boyle and Roscommon were administered locally by town commissioners . Roscommon town commissioners were abolished in 1927. After becoming a town council in 2002, in common with all other town councils in Ireland, Boyle Town Council

434-435: The county. 53°45′N 8°15′W  /  53.750°N 8.250°W  / 53.750; -8.250 Cross of Cong The Cross of Cong ( Irish : Cros Chonga , "the yellow baculum ") is an early 12th-century Irish Christian ornamented cusped processional cross , which was, as an inscription says, made for Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair (d. 1156), King of Connacht and High King of Ireland to donate to

465-452: The cross also displays some Viking and Romanesque influences, including ' strapwork ' decoration in the Urnes style . It has been suggested that the older Insular stylistic elements may be deliberate revivalism. The decoration includes minute golden filigree work in an intertwined pattern called on front and back. From the base heads of beasts on each side grip the cross in their mouth,

496-492: The cross amongst his belongings. Fr. Patrick Prendergast, an Augustinian, was also considered to be the last Abbot of Cong Abbey. Fr. Prendergast had discovered the cross hidden in an old oak chest kept in a house in the village, where it was said to have been kept since about the mid-17th century (the time of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland ). Fr. Prendergast then kept the cross in his house, named 'Abbotstown', located on

527-536: The cross in 1839 to the Royal Irish Academy , where it was for a long period one of its most treasured artefacts. About 1890, the cross was transferred to the newly opened National Museum of Science and Art, Dublin, which was the predecessor of the National Museum of Ireland, and remained in the same building when the National Museum of Ireland was founded in 1925. Today, the cross remains in

558-621: The cross, though he partly misinterpreted the details. In 1822, Petrie had seen the cross himself when he passed through Cong on a tour he made of Connacht. Petrie told his friend, Professor James MacCullagh (of Trinity College Dublin ), about the cross and of its historical value. MacCullagh, using his own money, though not a rich man, afterwards purchased the cross from the Parish Priest of Cong – Fr. Michael Waldron. Fr. Waldron had succeeded Fr. Patrick Prendergast as Parish Priest of Cong, when Fr. Prendergast died in 1829, and discovered

589-428: The first abbot and bishop of Roscommon who founded the first monastery there in 550 AD. County Roscommon has an area of 2,548 square kilometres (984 sq mi). Lough Key in north Roscommon is noted for having thirty-two islands. The geographical centre of Ireland is located on the western shore of Lough Ree in the south of the county. Roscommon is the third largest of Connacht's five counties by size and

620-471: The head of a religious procession by one of the officiating clergy or altar-servers . Often such crosses were then removed from their staff and placed on the altar during the ceremony. The reincarnation of centuries-old Irish metalworking techniques, such as the juxtaposition of red and yellow enamel, is seen on the Cross of Cong and Manchan shrine . The cross has inscriptions on it, – all of which are in

651-469: The inscriptions on the cross itself (which refer to known historical personages), the cross was made in County Roscommon . In the annals, the cross is sometimes called in the Irish language "an Bacall Buidhe" , which translates as "the yellow staff" – a reference to its golden colour. The cross was commissioned by King Tairrdelbach Ua Conchobair . According to the Irish annals, a small piece of

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682-515: The longest life expectancy of any county on the island of Ireland. Seltannasaggart , which is located along the northern border with County Leitrim , is the tallest point in County Roscommon, measuring to a height of 428 m (1,404.20 ft). According to the 2016 census: There are nine historical baronies in County Roscommon. North Roscommon South Roscommon Rathcroghan ( Irish : Rath Cruachán ), near Tulsk ,

713-665: The purported True Cross arrived in Ireland in 1123 and was enshrined at Roscommon. The cross then appears to have moved to Tuam. At an early date, probably in the mid-12th century, the cross was moved from Tuam to Cong Abbey , an abbey founded by the Augustinians on a much earlier Christian site. In later centuries, the exact location of the cross in the Cong area is uncertain but it appears to have been hidden by locals and ecclesiastics in their homes because of religious persecution against Catholics, which reached its peak in Ireland under

744-705: The reason for the object's elaborate beauty. The cross is displayed at the National Museum of Ireland , Dublin, having previously been in the Museum of the Royal Irish Academy , Dublin. It is considered one of finest examples of metalwork and decorative art of its period in Western Europe. The Cross of Cong consists of an oak cross, covered in gold, silver, niello , copper, bronze , brass , enamel , coloured glass, and other ornamentation. In addition to traditional Irish design features from Insular art ,

775-441: The second-smallest in terms of population. It ranks 11th in size of Ireland's 32 counties, but 26th in terms of population, making it the 3rd most sparsely populated county after Leitrim and Mayo. The county borders every other Connacht county: Galway , Mayo , Sligo , and Leitrim , as well as three Leinster counties: Longford , Westmeath , and Offaly . In 2008, a news report said that statistically, people from Roscommon have

806-507: The shrine was made. Pray for Mael Isu mac Bratdan O Echan, who made this shrine". The Latin inscription occurs twice – once on each side of the shaft – in one case the letters of the sixth word are PAHUS , and in the other, PASUS ; it should read PASSUS . A facsimile engraving (taken from a rubbing) of one of these inscriptions is shown to the right. In standard Latin this is rendered as "Hāc cruce crux tegitur quā pas[s]us conditor orbis", which has been translated as "With this cross

837-517: The usual progress? Here I am stuck in the mud in the middle of Loughs, Turlaghs, Lahaghs and Curraghs, the names of many of which are only known to a few old men in their immediate neighbourhood and I cannot give many of them utterance from the manner in which they are spelled." Roscommon is governed locally by the 18-member Roscommon County Council , a body created under the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1898 . The 1898 Act also divided

868-407: The year A.D. 1123) of what at the time was believed to be the True Cross . The relic is since lost, and was a small fragment of wood only. The crystal is semi-transparent, once enabling the relic to be partially seen by the viewer. The cross is 30 inches (76 cm) high and the arms are 18.75 inches (47.6 cm) in breadth. As a processional cross, the cross was carried mounted on its staff at

899-746: Was abolished under the Local Government Reform Act 2014 . For general elections, Roscommon is completely within the three-seat Dáil constituency of Roscommon–Galway . For European elections, the county is part of the Midlands–North-West constituency. There are railway stations located in Boyle (Dublin–Sligo line), Carrick-on-Shannon (Dublin–Sligo line), Roscommon (Dublin–Westport line), Castlerea (Dublin-Westport line), Ballinasloe (Dublin-Galway line) and Athlone (Dublin–Galway and Dublin–Westport lines). Gaelic football

930-869: Was established with the South-west boundary now alongside the River Suck . A "well defined" and "original" fine metal workshop was active in County Roscommon in the 12th century. The Cross of Cong , the Aghadoe crosier , Shrine of the Book of Dimma and Shrine of Manchan of Mohill ' are grouped together as having been created by Mael Isu Bratain Ui Echach et al., at the same Roscommon workshop. The workshop has been linked to St. Assicus of Elphin. John O'Donovan (1806–1861), historian and scholar, visited County Roscommon in 1837, while compiling information for

961-651: Was likely commissioned by Bishop " Domnall mac Flannacain Ui Dubthaig ", of Elphin , one of the richest episcopal see 's in Medieval Ireland , and created by the master gold -craftsman named Irish : Mael Isu Bratain Ui Echach ("Mailisa MacEgan"), whom O'Donovan says was Abbot of Cloncraff , in county Roscommon, though firm evidence for this identification is lacking. The founder and patron Saint of this workshop might have been St. Assicus of Elphin . According to Irish annals , supported by

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