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58-696: The TAC-50 is a military and law enforcement weapon, which, designated as the C15, has been the standard long-range sniper weapon (LRSW) of the Canadian Army since 2000. Rifles of the TAC-50 family are guaranteed to provide 0.5 minute of angle ( MOA ) groups with match-grade ammunition under ideal conditions. The McMillan TAC-50 is a manually operated, rotary bolt-action rifle. The large bolt has dual front locking lugs, and its body has spiral flutes to reduce weight. The heavy match-grade barrel, made by Lilja barrels,

116-500: A regimental sergeant major is held by a chief warrant officer, or adjutant held by a captain. In some branches or specific units, rank titles may differ due to tradition. A trained private within the Royal Canadian Armoured Corps is a trooper, whereas the same rank within the artillery is gunner. Other titles for the rank of private include fusilier, sapper, rifleman, craftsman, and guardsman. The ranks of

174-410: A dessert) provided for soldiers to consume in situations in which meal preparation is not possible. The Canadian Army maintains a variety of different uniforms, including a ceremonial full dress uniform , a mess dress uniform , a service dress uniform , operational/ field uniforms , and occupational uniforms. Canada's uniforms were developed parallel to British uniforms from 1900 to the unification of

232-716: A highly developed science and technology sector. Since the First World War , Canada has produced its own infantry fighting vehicle , anti-tank guided missile and small arms for the Army. Regular and reserve units operate state-of-the-art equipment able to handle modern threats through 2030–2035. Despite extensive financial cuts to the defence budget between the 1960s–2000s, the Army is relatively well equipped. The Army currently operates approximately 10,500 utility vehicles, including G-wagons and 7000-MVs , and also operates approximately 2,700 armoured fighting vehicles including

290-503: A hydraulic recoil mitigation system (a proprietary hydraulic piston in the buttstock) added to reduce the considerable amount of free recoil generated by the .50 BMG chambering, and hence increase user comfort. The TAC-50C is an update to the TAC-50A1. The TAC-50C features the new folding Cadex Dual Strike chassis system. It includes an adjustable cheekpiece with vertical adjustment and an adjustable length of pull. The stock incorporates

348-407: A new take-down fiberglass stock with a forend that is 5 in (127 mm) longer than the TAC-50 stock. This moves the balance point for the bipod forward. The stock includes an integral cheekpiece and a monopod on the buttstock with an option for vertical adjustment. The stock incorporates a smaller pistol grip to fit a wider range of hand shapes, with and without gloves. The magazine release lever

406-517: A smaller pistol grip to fit a wider range of hand shapes, with and without gloves. Three Picatinny rail sections allow for customization of accessories. An unnamed Canadian Joint Task Force 2 sniper made the longest recorded sniper kill with this weapon in Iraq, hitting an ISIS fighter at a range of 3,540 meters (3,870 yd; 2.20 miles) in the 30-day period leading up to 22 June 2017. The previous record of 2,475 meters (2,707 yd; 1.538 miles)

464-603: A variety of telescopic or night sights. In Canadian service, the standard telescopic sight was the McMillan endorsed Leupold Mark 4 16x40mm LR/T M1 Riflescope optical sight that has since been replaced by the Schmidt & Bender 5-25×56 PMII telescopic sight . McMillan also endorses the Nightforce NXS 8-32x56 Mil-dot telescopic sight for the TAC-50. The TAC-50A1 variant was introduced in 2012. The TAC-50 A1 has

522-445: Is also fluted to dissipate heat quickly and reduce overall weight, and fitted with an effective muzzle brake to reduce recoil. The rifle is fed from detachable box magazines, holding 5 rounds each. The stock is made from fiberglass , and is designed to be used from a bipod only. The buttstock is adjustable for length of pull with rubber spacers, and can be removed for compact storage. The rifle has no open sights; it can be used with

580-705: Is also the chair of the Canadian Forces Decorations Advisory Committee, which reviews and recommends to the governor general members of the forces eligible to receive decorations for valour, bravery, and meritorious service, as well as Commander-in-Chief Unit Commendations. This committee mirrors that for the Order of Military Merit , of which the CDS is ex-officio a member and the Principal Commander. Separately,

638-681: Is part of the Canadian Joint Operations Command and not part of the Canadian Army. It serves as a deployable headquarters to command a divisional-level deployment of Canadian or allied forces on operations, succeeding the previous Canadian Joint Forces HQ. In addition to the four regional command areas, the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre , commanded by a major-general and headquartered at McNaughton Barracks, CFB Kingston , Ontario,

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696-591: Is responsible for the supervision, integration and delivery of Army training and doctrine development, including simulation and digitization. It includes a number of schools and training organizations, such as the Combat Training Centre at CFB Gagetown , New Brunswick, and the Canadian Manoeuvre Training Centre at CFB Wainwright , Alberta. Canadian infantry and armoured regimental traditions are strongly rooted in

754-559: Is the reserve element of the Canadian Army and the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Army Reserve is organized into under-strength brigades (for purposes of administration) along geographic lines. The Army Reserve is very active and has participated heavily in all Regular Army deployments since 2002, in some cases contributing as much as 40 per cent of each deployment in either individual augmentation, as well as occasional formed sub-units ( companies ). LFR regiments have

812-527: Is to implement the national defence strategy as outlined by the King-in-Council , requiring both the acquisition of new equipment and the strengthening of diplomatic relations via the United Nations, North Atlantic Treaty Organization , and North American Aerospace Defence Command ." Lastly, the CDS must enhance the forces' programme delivery while optimising the use of resources. The CDS

870-931: The Canadian Airborne Regiment , which was divided into three commandos). In addition to the Canadian Guards, and the Canadian Airborne Regiment, the Queen's Own Rifles of Canada , and the Black Watch (Royal Highland Regiment) of Canada also fielded units that served in Regular Force. In the years that followed the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, several units of Regular Force were disbanded, or reduced to nil strength. On 15 September 1968,

928-627: The Canadian Army Doctrine Bulletin began printing as the successor to the original journal, and in 2004 the publication returned to its original name. Chief of the Defence Staff (Canada) The chief of the Defence Staff ( CDS ; French : chef d'état-major de la Défense ; CEMD ) is the professional head of the Canadian Armed Forces . As the senior military position, the chief of

986-871: The First Canadian Army . On 19 November 1940, during Second World War , an Order in Council was issued that renamed the Permanent Active Militia as the Canadian Army (Active), supplemented by the Non-Permanent Active Militia , which was named the Canadian Army (Reserve). The Army participated in the Korean War , with the first elements of its participation landed in Korea in December 1950 and formed part of

1044-640: The Gulf War in 1991 and the invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, in addition to various peacekeeping operations under United Nations auspices in different parts of the world. Despite Canada's usual support of British and American initiatives, Canada's land forces did not directly participate in the Suez Crisis , the Vietnam War , or the Iraq War . Command of the Army is exercised by the commander of

1102-828: The LAV-III and the Leopard 2 . The Army also operates approximately 150 field artillery pieces including the M777 howitzer and the LG1 Mark II . In 2016 the Army replaced the RG-31 Nyala and Coyote Reconnaissance Vehicle with the Textron Tactical Armoured Patrol Vehicle . The Army infantry uses the C7 Rifle or C8 Carbine as the basic assault rifle , with grenadiers using

1160-636: The Royal Canadian Regiment . The major operations that regular Canadian troops, in the 19th century, participated in included: the North-West Rebellion in 1885, and the Second Boer War . During the First World War , the Canadian Army raised the volunteer Canadian Expeditionary Force (CEF) for service overseas, and was the primary Canadian participation to the war effort. The Canadian Army also fought during

1218-680: The Second World War . Following the declaration of war on Nazi Germany and her allies by the United Kingdom on 3 September 1939, with Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King consulting with the Parliament of Canada and declaring war on 10 September 1939, the Canadian Army raised the Canadian Active Service Force, which initially consisted of the 1st Canadian Division ; later increased to form

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1276-747: The unification of the Canadian Armed Forces , the land forces were placed under a new command called Mobile Command (French: Commandement des forces mobiles ). For two years following, the Army existed as a distinct legal entity before its amalgamation with the Royal Canadian Navy and the Royal Canadian Air Force to form the Canadian Armed Forces. In the 1990s, the command was renamed Land Force Command (French: Commandement des Forces terrestres ), until it reverted to its original name in August 2011. During its history,

1334-446: The 1990s, the Regular Force saw further organizational restructuring. The Canadian Airborne Regiment was disbanded in 1995, while the Regular Force regiment of the 8th Canadian Hussars (Princess Louise's) , formed in 1957, was converted to a mixed Regular and Reserve "Total Force" unit with the close-out of 4 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group at Lahr , Germany, in 1994, before reverting to a Reserve regiment in 1997. The Army Reserve

1392-641: The 2nd Battalion of the Canadian Guards was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle; its personnel became a part of 3rd Battalion, The Royal Canadian Regiment . After the Canadian Guards were reduced to nil strength, the role of the Household Troop reverted to the two seniormost infantry regiments of the Reserve. The respective battalions relinquished their numerical battalion designations in 1976. During

1450-552: The 2nd Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle . Several weeks later, the 1st Battalion of the Canadian Guards was disbanded on 1 October 1968. In 1970, several more units were reduced to nil strength. The 1st Battalion of the Queen's Own Rifles was reduced to nil strength and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle on 27 April 1970, with

1508-669: The Air Staff , as head of the Royal Canadian Air Force . A position known as the Chairman of the Chiefs of Staff Committee existed from 1951 to 1964, which had a loose coordination function, although it lacked the command and control responsibilities of the later position of chief of the Defence Staff (CDS). Only two officers served in the role in its 13-year history: General Charles Foulkes (1951–1960) and Air Chief Marshal Frank Robert Miller (1960–1964). The position of chairman of

1566-620: The Army adopted CADPAT camouflaged combat uniforms in the late-1990s. With the adoption of CADPAT, the Canadian Armed Forces became the first military force to adopt digital camouflage pattern for all its units. Officers are selected in several ways: In addition, there were other commissioning plans such as the Officer Candidate Training Plan and Officer Candidate Training Plan (Men) for commissioning serving members which are no longer in effect. Occupational training for Canadian Army officers takes place at one of

1624-519: The Army regiments originated from the Canadian militia, and was eventually relegated from combat to ceremonial use. The present service dress uniform includes a rifle green tunic and trousers, similar to the older iteration of the service dress, although with a different cut, and an added shoulder strap. The present service dress uniforms were introduced in the late 1980s, alongside the other "distinctive environmental uniforms" issued to other branches of

1682-780: The C7 with an attached M203 grenade launcher , and the C9 squad automatic weapon . The Canadian Army also uses the SIG Sauer P320 and the SIG Sauer P226 . Newer variants of the C7/C8 family have since been integrated into common use throughout the Canadian Armed Forces. The C7 has most recently been updated in the form the C7A2. The major internal components remain the same, however, several changes have been made to increase versatility of

1740-673: The CDS presents the Chief of the Defence Staff Commendation (French: Mention élogieuse du Chef d'état-major de la Défense ) to recognize activity or service beyond regular expectations. It can be presented to members of the Canadian Forces, civilian members of the Defence Team (in an overseas operation), and members of an allied foreign military (whose actions benefited Canada). The insignia for wear has

1798-586: The Canadian Armed Forces , who is the Canadian monarch represented by the governor general . The National Defence Act gives the authority to appoint the CDS to the Governor-in-Council ; effectively, the governor general acting on the constitutional advice of his or her ministers of the Crown . The commander-in-chief is the person from whom the CDS receives his or her orders. However, according to

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1856-609: The Canadian Armed Forces in 1968, though maintained significant differences. The adoption of a number of separate uniforms for separate functions, also made its uniforms become distinctively "Canadian" in the process. Prior to unification in 1968, the uniforms between the three branches were similar to their counterparts in the forces of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, save for national identifiers and some regimental accoutrements. The Honourable Peter MacKay, Minister of National Defence, announced on 8 July 2013

1914-449: The Canadian Armed Forces. From the unification of the armed forces in 1968, to the introduction of the distinctive service uniforms in the 1980s, the branches of the Canadian Armed Forces wore a similar rifle green service uniform. The Canadian Army began to issue combat specific uniforms in the early 1960s, with the introduction of "combats," coloured olive-drab shirt. The olive-drab uniforms continued to be used with minor alterations until

1972-463: The Canadian Army are as follows: Field kitchens and catering are used to provide Canadian Army personnel fresh-cooked meals at bases and overseas operation centres. When fresh rations are not practical or available, Individual Meal Packs (IMPs) are issued instead. There are also patrol packs, which are small high-protein snack-type foods (such as beef jerky or shredded cheese) and boxed lunches (consisting of assorted sandwiches, juice, fruit, pasta and

2030-898: The Canadian Army has fought in a variety of conflicts, including in the North-West Rebellion , the Second Boer War , the First and Second World Wars , Korean War , and more recently with the Gulf War , and in the War in Afghanistan . Prior to Confederation in 1867, the British Army , which included both " Fencible " Regiments of the British Army—recruited within British North America exclusively for service in North America—and Canadian militia units,

2088-583: The Canadian Army was Chief of the General Staff until 1964 when the appointment became Commander, Mobile Command in advance of the unification of Canada's military forces . The position was renamed Chief of the Land Staff in 1993. Following the reversion to the name Canadian Army in 2011, the position became Commander of the Canadian Army . There are three mechanized brigade groups in the Canadian Army's Regular Force. Approximately two-thirds of

2146-776: The Canadian Army within National Defence Headquarters in Ottawa. The Army is divided into four geographical districts: the 2nd Canadian Division is based in Quebec , the 3rd Canadian Division is based in Western Canada , the 4th Canadian Division is based in Ontario , while the 5th Canadian Division is based in Atlantic Canada . The single operational formation, 1st Canadian Division ,

2204-427: The Chiefs of Staff Committee and the positions of the three service chiefs were abolished in 1964 and replaced by the position of CDS. This change was based on a white paper initiated by National Defence Minister Paul Hellyer in the Cabinet of Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson . Following the tabling of the white paper, the minister introduced legislation that took effect in August 1964. The newly established chief of

2262-407: The Defence Staff advises the Cabinet , particularly the minister of national defence and the prime minister . The role is a Crown-in-Council appointment made by the King or the viceroy on the advice of the prime minister . Until 1964, there existed a chief of the Naval Staff, as head of the Royal Canadian Navy ; a chief of the General Staff, as head of the Canadian Army ; and a chief of

2320-442: The Defence Staff was to "head all of Canada's military forces, backed by a defence headquarters that was integrated and restructured to reflect six so-called functional commands, replacing eleven former service commands. Functional described a command that was non-geographic and beyond any particular service or traditional arm." In May 1967, Bill C-243 was passed by parliament and was effective as of 1 February 1968. The law dissolved

2378-525: The Government of Canada's intent to restore Canadian Army rank insignia, names and badges to their traditional forms. The Canadian Army's universal full dress uniform includes a scarlet tunic , midnight blue trousers with a scarlet trouser stripe, and a Wolseley helmet . However, a number of regiments in the Canadian Army are authorized regimental deviations from the Army's universal design; including some armoured, Canadian-Scottish regiments , and all rifle / voltigeur regiments. The full dress uniforms of

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2436-500: The Regular Force is composed of anglophone units, while one third is francophone . The mechanized brigades include battalions from three infantry regiments, the Royal Canadian Regiment , Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry , and the Royal 22 Regiment . Between 1953 and 1971, the Regular infantry consisted of seven regiments, each maintaining two battalions (except the Royal 22 Régiment, which had three; The Canadian Guards which had four battalions between 1953 and 1957; and

2494-471: The command comprises the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training Centre , which includes the following establishments: Military rank in the Canadian Army is granted based on a variety of factors including merit, qualification, training, and time in-rank. However, promotion up to the rank of corporal for non-commissioned members, and to captain for officers, is automatic based on time in previous rank. Some ranks are associated with specific appointments. For example,

2552-420: The conventional ground forces of the Canadian Armed Forces . It maintains regular forces units at bases across Canada , and is also responsible for the Army Reserve, the largest component of the Primary Reserve . The Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and Chief of the Army Staff, who is subordinate to the Chief of the Defence Staff . The Army is also supported by 3,000 civilian employees from

2610-451: The forces through a culture of risk management, and ensuring that recruitment is at a level required to sustain the operational forces at full potential to meet their commitments. Secondly, the CDS is expected to expand the regular and reserve forces to meet international and domestic obligations, which means the management of the Canadian Forces Recruiting Group so as to streamline the enlistment process of new forces members. The third task

2668-417: The forces who took part in Operation Killer and the Battle of Kapyong . Canadian troops were also committed to the NATO presence in West Germany during the Cold War . In the years following its unification with the navy and air force in 1968, the size of Canada's land forces was reduced, however, Canadian troops participated in a number of military actions with Canada's allies. These operations included

2726-409: The form of a gold bar bearing three gold maple leaves and the award comes with a scroll bearing the citation. The CDS also awards the Canadian Forces Medallion for Distinguished Service , which is given by the CDS on behalf of the entire forces. The chief of the Defence Staff is entitled to fly the Canadian Armed Forces ensign, a white flag bearing the Canadian flag in the canton and defaced by

2784-433: The public service. Formed in 1855, as the Active Militia , in response to the threat of the United States to the Province of Canada after the British garrison left for the Crimean War . This Militia was later subdivided into the Permanent Active Militia and the Non-Permanent Active Militia . Finally, in 1940, an order in council changed the name of the Active Militia to the Canadian Army. On 1 April 1966, prior to

2842-411: The rifle. Tactical communication is provided via the Iris Digital Communications System . The badge of the Canadian Army consists of: Since 1947, the Canadian Army has produced a peer-reviewed academic journal called the Canadian Army Journal . In 1965, prior to the unification of the Canadian Armed Forces, the journal was merged with similar publications from across the services. In 1980,

2900-399: The schools of the Combat Training Centre for Army controlled occupations (armour, artillery, infantry, electrical, and mechanical engineers, etc.), or at a Canadian Armed Forces school, such as the Canadian Forces School of Administration and Logistics, or the Defence Public Affairs Learning Centre for Officers from career fields controlled outside the Army. Canada is an industrial nation with

2958-472: The tenets of constitutional monarchy and responsible government , the monarch and viceroy almost always follow ministerial direction, meaning the CDS normally advises the prime minister and the rest of Cabinet directly on military matters. The CDS has been charged with four main priorities, each having multiple sub-priorities: The first is to conduct operations, which includes the successful implementation of domestic and international operations, protection of

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3016-442: The theoretical administrative capacity to support an entire battalion , but typically have the deployable manpower of only one or two platoons . They are perpetuated as such for the timely absorption of recruits during times of war . Current strength of the Army Reserve is approximately 18,500. On 1 April 2008, the Army Reserve absorbed all units of the former Communications Reserve. The Canadian Army comprises: Additionally,

3074-423: The three armed services and created the Canadian Armed Forces under the command of the CDS. In 2011, the three functional commands—named Maritime Command, Land Force Command, and Air Command—had their original names reinstated, becoming once again the Royal Canadian Navy, Canadian Army, and Royal Canadian Air Force, respectively. The chief of the Defence Staff (CDS) follows in rank only the commander-in-chief of

3132-479: The traditions and history of the British Army . Many regiments were patterned after regiments of the British Army, and a system of official "alliances", or affiliations, was created to perpetuate a sense of shared history. Other regiments developed independently, resulting in a mixture of both colourful and historically familiar names. Other traditions such as battle honours and colours have been maintained by Canadian regiments as well. The senior appointment within

3190-424: The unit's personnel forming the 3rd Battalion, Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. Further reductions occurred from mid-June to early-July 1970, with the Regular Force unit from the Fort Garry Horse being disbanded on 16 June 1970. The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the Black Watch were reduced to nil strength on 1 July 1970, and transferred to the Supplementary Order of Battle. Several days later, on 6 July 1970,

3248-403: Was repositioned ahead of the trigger bow to make the system easier to operate with gloved hands. For the A1 variant a new lighter bipod with legs that adjust vertically, as well as forward and rearward, to fine-tune the rifle for elevation was also developed. The TAC-50A1-R2 variant was introduced in 2012 alongside the TAC-50A1 variant. The A1-R2 variant is effectively a TAC-50A1 rifle system with

3306-428: Was responsible for the defence of Canada. Some current regiments of the Canadian Army trace their origins to these pre-Confederation militia and Fencible units. Following the passage of the Militia Act of 1855 , the Permanent Active Militia was formed, and in later decades several regular bodies of troops were created, their descendants becoming the Royal Canadian Horse Artillery , the Royal Canadian Dragoons , and

3364-409: Was set by British sniper Craig Harrison in 2009 in Afghanistan, using a .338 Lapua Magnum chambered L115A3 Long Range Rifle sniper rifle. Two of the top five longest recorded sniper kills were made with the McMillan TAC-50 rifle, both by Canadian soldiers. Canadian Army The Canadian Army ( French : Armée canadienne ) is the command responsible for the operational readiness of

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