146-469: MetalDays is a heavy metal music festival held annually in Lake Velenje, Velenje , Slovenia . The festival has been more popular every year with more media coverage, and has seen bands like Megadeth , Slayer , Amon Amarth , Volbeat and Sabaton and many more play at the festival. MetalDays is also known for its sustainability and ecology initiatives and has won a greener future award 5 years in
292-558: A staccato attack created by using a palm-muted technique on the rhythm guitar. Brief, abrupt and detached rhythmic cells are joined into rhythmic phrases with a distinctive, often jerky texture. These phrases are used to create rhythmic accompaniment and melodic figures called riffs , which help to establish thematic hooks . Heavy metal songs also use longer rhythmic figures such as whole note - or dotted quarter note-length chords in slow-tempo power ballads . The tempos in early heavy metal music tended to be "slow, even ponderous". By
438-401: A Spring 2015 release and that three songs had already been written. At the moment all six members are working on material.... Everybody has contributed to this from Lindsay the keyboard player, Martin the drummer – everybody has been working very hard. We have to get most of it done by the time we get to Russia, so we have two and a half weeks and I have to finish the lyrics for a few songs but
584-674: A bondage setting) filmed on a farmstead near the Imperial War Museum Duxford . The video was directed by Sam Scott-Hunter. On 21 April 2015, the album's release date was updated to sometime in July, and the band revealed Hammer of the Witches ' cover artwork by the Latvian post-modernist artist Arthur Berzinsh. The album was officially released through Nuclear Blast on 10 July 2015. The subsequent world tour included
730-535: A certain amount of hostile attention when they wore similar "I Love Satan" shirts to the Vatican . Alex Mosson , the Lord Provost of Glasgow from 1999 to 2003, called the shirts (and by implication the band) "sick and offensive". The band used the quote on the back cover of the 2005 DVD Peace Through Superior Firepower . In 1998, Filth began his long-running "Dani's Inferno" column for Metal Hammer , and
876-501: A collaboration with Cradle of Filth stems from listening to metal bands like Cradle and Slipknot during his childhood. In 2023, a music video was released for "She is a Fire". The song is one of two studio tracks from the Existence is Futile recording sessions to be included on the live album Trouble and Their Double Lives , along with live tracks recorded during the band's Cryptoriana World Tour . Trouble and Their Double Lives
1022-492: A cover of The Sisters of Mercy 's "No Time to Cry". Stylistically similar to Midian , the collection was, at the time, unique among Cradle releases in that it featured exactly the same band members as its predecessor. Further stop-gap releases followed in the form of the " best of " package Lovecraft & Witch Hearts and the live album, Live Bait for the Dead . Finally, the band (principally Dani) also found time to appear in
1168-473: A dark Iron Maiden ". Metal Hammer 's Dom Lawson felt it was "another sumptuous and spectacular eruption of gothic melodrama, perverted sonic schlock and balls-out extreme metal bombast", and likened it to an "instalment in an ongoing series of novels." An EP entitled Evermore Darkly , featuring "new tracks and rarities", was released in October 2011. The package included a DVD with a tour documentary,
1314-492: A drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are sometimes used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purple 's Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ . In 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III ; by the 1990s, synthesizers were used in "almost every subgenre of heavy metal". The electric guitar and
1460-473: A heavy metal direction. A few commentators – mainly American – argue for other groups, including Iron Butterfly , Steppenwolf , Blue Cheer , or Vanilla Fudge , as the first to play heavy metal. In 1968, the sound that would become known as heavy metal began to coalesce. That January, San Francisco band Blue Cheer released a cover of Eddie Cochran 's classic " Summertime Blues " as a part of their debut album, Vincebus Eruptum , and many consider it to be
1606-527: A heavy-metals blues sound". In January 1970, Lucian K. Truscott IV , reviewing Led Zeppelin II for the Village Voice , described the sound as "heavy" and made comparisons with Blue Cheer and Vanilla Fudge . Other early documented uses of the phrase are from reviews by critic Metal Mike Saunders . In the 12 November 1970 issue of Rolling Stone , he commented on an album put out the previous year by
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#17327868511021752-534: A live DVD recorded at 2011's Graspop festival and the video for "Lilith Immaculate". In April 2012, the compilation album Midnight in the Labyrinth was released, featuring orchestral re-recordings of songs from the band's first three albums and the V Empire EP. Dani Filth had described it in the preceding months as "reinventing" the tracks as "full soundtrack quality stuff... with choirs, strings and some narration". This album's version of "Summer Dying Fast"
1898-428: A major influence on heavy metal since the genre's earliest days, and that metal's "most influential musicians have been guitar players who have also studied classical music. Their appropriation and adaptation of classical models sparked the development of a new kind of guitar virtuosity [and] changes in the harmonic and melodic language of heavy metal." In an article written for Grove Music Online , Walser stated that
2044-510: A mania." On the subject of the album's musical direction, Filth told Revolver magazine, "I'm not saying it's 'experimental', but we're definitely testing the limits of what we can do... A lot of the songs are really rhythmical— thrashy , almost—but they're all also really catchy." A flurry of pre-release controversy saw Samuel Araya's original cover artwork scrapped and replaced in May 2006, although numerous CD booklets had already been printed with
2190-491: A massive, heavy sound from unison riffing between guitarist Eric Clapton and bassist Jack Bruce , as well as Ginger Baker 's double bass drumming. Their first two LPs – Fresh Cream (1966) and Disraeli Gears (1967) – are regarded as essential prototypes for the future style of heavy metal. The Jimi Hendrix Experience 's debut album, Are You Experienced (1967), was also highly influential. Hendrix 's virtuosic technique would be emulated by many metal guitarists, and
2336-671: A party without limits ... [T]he bulk of the music is stylized and formulaic." Music critics have often deemed metal lyrics juvenile and banal, and others have objected to what they see as advocacy of misogyny and the occult. During the 1980s, the Parents Music Resource Center petitioned the U.S. Congress to regulate the popular music industry due to what the group asserted were objectionable lyrics, particularly those in heavy metal songs. Andrew Cope stated that claims that heavy metal lyrics are misogynistic are "clearly misguided" as these critics have "overlook[ed]
2482-461: A row. From 2004 till 2022, it was held in Sotočje, Tolmin , Slovenia. In 2010, the tickets were limited to 12,000, but with the new location, the limit has been increased to 25,000. 2012 was the last year when the name Metalcamp was used. Since 2013, the festival was called MetalDays . In 2023, the location changed from Sotočje, Tolmin , Slovenia, to Lake Velenje, Velenje , Slovenia. The festival
2628-419: A spirit of "affectionate rivalry". Heavy metal "demands the subordination of the voice" to the overall sound of the band. Reflecting metal's roots in the 1960s counterculture, an "explicit display of emotion" is required from the vocals as a sign of authenticity. Critic Simon Frith claims that the metal singer's "tone of voice" is more important than the lyrics. The prominent role of the bass is also key to
2774-415: A thick, monumental sound characterized by distorted guitars, extended guitar solos , emphatic beats and loudness . In 1968, three of the genre's most famous pioneers – British bands Led Zeppelin , Black Sabbath and Deep Purple – were founded. Though they came to attract wide audiences, they were often derided by critics. Several American bands modified heavy metal into more accessible forms during
2920-794: A trippy, distorted haze". During the late 1960s, many psychedelic singers, such as Arthur Brown , began to create outlandish, theatrical, and often macabre performances that influenced many metal acts. The American psychedelic rock band Coven , who opened for early heavy metal influencers such as Vanilla Fudge and the Yardbirds, portrayed themselves as practitioners of witchcraft or black magic , using dark – Satanic or occult – imagery in their lyrics, album art and live performances, which consisted of elaborate, theatrical " Satanic rites ". Coven's 1969 debut album, Witchcraft Destroys Minds & Reaps Souls , featured imagery of skulls, black masses , inverted crosses , and Satan worship, and both
3066-629: Is a concept album in the same vein as its predecessor, Godspeed on the Devil's Thunder ; this time centring on the demon Lilith , the first wife of the biblical Adam , and also making reference to Greek , Egyptian and Sumerian mythology , the Knights Templar and the Carmelite Nuns . The label referred to it as "a dark tapestry of horror, madness and twisted sex", while Filth called its sound "creepily melodic, like Mercyful Fate or
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#17327868511023212-506: Is considered vital. In his book, Metalheads , psychologist Jeffrey Arnett refers to heavy metal concerts as "the sensory equivalent of war". Following the lead set by Jimi Hendrix , Cream and the Who , early heavy metal acts such as Blue Cheer set new benchmarks for volume. As Blue Cheer's Dick Peterson put it, "All we knew was we wanted more power." A 1977 review of a Motörhead concert noted how "excessive volume in particular figured into
3358-426: Is emphatic, with deliberate stresses. Weinstein observes that the wide array of sonic effects available to metal drummers enables the "rhythmic pattern to take on a complexity within its elemental drive and insistency". In many heavy metal songs, the main groove is characterized by short, two- or three-note rhythmic figures – generally made up of eighth or 16th notes . These rhythmic figures are usually performed with
3504-557: Is speculation as to who started the phenomenon. Attendees of metal concerts do not dance in the usual sense. It has been argued that this is due to the music's largely male audience and "extreme heterosexualist ideology". Two primary body movements used are headbanging and an arm thrust that is both a sign of appreciation and a rhythmic gesture. The performance of air guitar is popular among metal fans both at concerts and listening to records at home. According to Deena Weinstein , thrash metal concerts have two elements that are not part of
3650-485: Is traditionally characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound and vigorous vocals. Heavy metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter or omit one or more of these attributes. In a 1988 article, The New York Times critic Jon Pareles wrote, "In the taxonomy of popular music, heavy metal is a major subspecies of hard-rock—the breed with less syncopation , less blues, more showmanship and more brute force." The typical band lineup includes
3796-532: The Hellraiser series. Bradley's line "Oh, no tears please" from the song " Her Ghost in the Fog " is a quote of Pinhead's from the first Hellraiser ("No tears, please. It's a waste of good suffering..."), and Bradley would reappear on later albums Nymphetamine , Thornography and Godspeed on the Devil's Thunder . The video for "Her Ghost in the Fog" received heavy rotation on MTV2 and other metal channels, and
3942-439: The 13th Floor Elevators epitomized the frenetic, heavier, darker, and more psychotic psychedelic rock sound known as acid rock, a sound characterized by droning guitar riffs, amplified feedback, and guitar distortion, while the 13th Floor Elevators' sound in particular featured yelping vocals and "occasionally demented" lyrics. Frank Hoffman noted that "[Psychedelic rock] was sometimes referred to as 'acid rock'. The latter label
4088-724: The Aeolian and Phrygian modes . Harmonically speaking, this means the genre typically incorporates modal chord progressions such as the Aeolian progressions I-♭VI-♭VII, I-♭VII-(♭VI), or I-♭VI-IV-♭VII and Phrygian progressions implying the relation between I and ♭II (I-♭II-I, I-♭II-III, or I-♭II-VII for example). Tense-sounding chromatic or tritone relationships are used in a number of metal chord progressions. In addition to using modal harmonic relationships, heavy metal also uses " pentatonic and blues-derived features". The tritone, an interval spanning three whole tones – such as C to F# –
4234-559: The EP V Empire or Dark Faerytales in Phallustein , which, it has since been conceded, was hastily written as a Cacophonous escape-plan. Despite the circumstances of its release however, its handful of tracks are staples of the band's live sets to this day, and "Queen of Winter, Throned" was listed among twenty-five "essential extreme metal anthems" in a 2006 issue of Kerrang! magazine. The EP also marked Sarah Jezebel Deva 's debut with
4380-458: The minor third , major third , perfect fourth , diminished fifth or minor sixth . Most power chords are also played with a consistent finger arrangement that can be slid easily up and down the fretboard . Heavy metal is usually based on riffs created with three main harmonic traits: modal scale progressions, tritone and chromatic progressions, and the use of pedal points . Traditional heavy metal tends to employ modal scales, in particular
4526-443: The perfect fifth , though an octave may be added as a doubling of the root . When power chords are played on the lower strings at high volumes and with distortion, additional low-frequency sounds are created, which add to the "weight of the sound" and create an effect of "overwhelming power". Although the perfect fifth interval is the most common basis for the power chord, power chords are also based on different intervals such as
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4672-485: The "1980s brought on ... the widespread adaptation of chord progressions and virtuosic practices from 18th-century European models, especially Bach and Antonio Vivaldi , by influential guitarists such as Ritchie Blackmore , Marty Friedman , Jason Becker , Uli Jon Roth , Eddie Van Halen , Randy Rhoads and Yngwie Malmsteen ." Kurt Bachmann of Believer has stated that "if done correctly, metal and classical fit quite well together. Classical and metal are probably
4818-410: The "heavy crunch sound in heavy metal ... [is created by] palm muting " the strings with the picking hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more precise sound and it emphasizes the low end. The lead role of the guitar in heavy metal often collides with the traditional "frontman" or bandleader role of the vocalist, creating a musical tension as the two "contend for dominance" in
4964-434: The "holiest of heavy metal communions". The metal scene has been characterized as a "subculture of alienation" with its own code of authenticity. This code puts several demands on performers: they must appear both completely devoted to their music and loyal to the subculture that supports it; they must appear uninterested in mainstream appeal and radio hits; and they must never " sell out ". Deena Weinstein stated that for
5110-555: The "punch and grind" characteristic. Thrash metal guitar tone has scooped mid-frequencies and tightly compressed sound with multiple bass frequencies. Guitar solos are "an essential element of the heavy metal code ... that underscores the significance of the guitar" to the genre. Most heavy metal songs "feature at least one guitar solo", which is "a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity". Some exceptions are nu metal and grindcore bands, which tend to omit guitar solos. With rhythm guitar parts,
5256-400: The 1970s: the raw, sleazy sound and shock rock of Alice Cooper and Kiss ; the blues-rooted rock of Aerosmith ; and the flashy guitar leads and party rock of Van Halen . During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the genre's evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, while Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility and an increasing emphasis on speed. Beginning in
5402-510: The 1980s and 1990s, heavy metal hair "symbolised the hate, angst and disenchantment of a generation that seemingly never felt at home", according to journalist Nader Rahman. Long hair gave members of the metal community "the power they needed to rebel against nothing in general". The classic uniform of heavy metal fans consists of light-colored, ripped, frayed or torn blue jeans, black T-shirts, boots, and black leather or denim jackets. Deena Weinstein wrote, "T-shirts are generally emblazoned with
5548-494: The 1997 European tour helped keep Cradle in the public eye, as did a burgeoning line of controversial merchandise, not least the notorious T-shirt depicting a masturbating nun on the front and the slogan " Jesus is a cunt " in large letters on the back. The T-shirt is banned in New Zealand, a handful of fans have faced court appearances and fines for wearing the shirt in public, and some band members themselves attracted
5694-472: The 40 piece Choir replacing the increasingly sophisticated synthesisers of previous albums) and thus marking the band's belated gestation—for one album only—into full-blown symphonic metal. Damnation featured the band's most complex compositions to date, outran its predecessors by a good twenty minutes and produced two more popular videos: the Jan Švankmajer -influenced Mannequin and Babalon A.D. (So Glad for
5840-466: The British band Humble Pie : " Safe as Yesterday Is , their first American release, proved that Humble Pie could be boring in lots of different ways. Here they were a noisy, unmelodic, heavy metal-leaden shit-rock band with the loud and noisy parts beyond doubt. There were a couple of nice songs ... and one monumental pile of refuse." He described the band's latest, self-titled release as "more of
5986-416: The British bands Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath , with American commentators tending to favour Led Zeppelin and British commentators tending to favour Black Sabbath, though many give equal credit to both. Deep Purple , the third band in what is sometimes considered the "unholy trinity" of heavy metal along with Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath, fluctuated between many rock styles until late 1969 when they took
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6132-702: The British record label Earache Records , in an "unsuccessful attempt to prosecute the label for obscenity". In some predominantly Muslim countries, heavy metal has been officially denounced as a threat to traditional values, and in countries such as Morocco, Egypt, Lebanon and Malaysia, there have been incidents of heavy metal musicians and fans being arrested and incarcerated. In 1997, the Egyptian police jailed many young metal fans, and they were accused of "devil worship" and blasphemy after police found metal recordings during searches of their homes. In 2013, Malaysia banned Lamb of God from performing in their country, on
6278-671: The Cradle album of which he was most proud, although he conceded dissatisfaction with its sound quality. The following year the band continued primarily to tour, but did release the EP From the Cradle to Enslave , accompanied by the band's first music video , which formed the centrepiece of the DVD PanDaemonAeon . Replete with graphic nudity and gore , the video was directed by Alex Chandon , who would go on to produce further Cradle promo clips and DVD documentaries, as well as
6424-2261: The Depth, Ghost Brigade , GOLD, Grave , Havok , Heaven Shall Burn , Helslave, Immolation , In Solitude , Inciter, Inquisition , Kadavar, Lord Shades, Manilla Road , Megadeth , Mephistophelian, Metalsteel, Moonsorrow , My Dying Bride , Nocturnal Depression, Obituary , Opeth , Possessed , Prong , Pyrexia, Rest in Fear, Rising Storm, Roxin Palace, Sabaton , Saltatio Mortis , Sapiency, Satyricon , Scarab, Skelfir, Soen , Space Unicorn on Fire, Suffocation , Tiamat , Torture Pit, Total Annihilation, Turning Golem, Vader , Valient Thorr , Vanderbuyst, Volbeat , Weeping Silence, Within Destruction, Zanthropya Ex, Zaria When: 19–25 July 2015 (bands 20–24 July) Lineup: Accept, Altair, Anvil, Arch Enemy, Avatar, Behemoth, Black Label Society, Blues Pills, Cannibal Corpse, Carcass, Carnifex, Crowbar, Deadlock, Death Angel, Demonic Resurrection, Devin Townsend Project, Diablo Blvd, Dr. Living Dead, Dream Theater, Eluveitie, Emil Bulls, Fear Factory, Hardcore Superstar, Hatebreed, Kataklysm, Krokodil, Manntra , Mephistophelian, Moonspell, Nuclear Chaos, Panikk, Profane Omen, Queensryche, Rest In Fear, Saxon, Sepultura, Skindred, Slomind, Suicide Silence, The Devil, Total Annihilation, Unearth, Vreid, Abandon Hope, Adam Bomb, Aeons Confer, Athropofago, Archgoat, Audrey Horne, Betraying The Martyrs, Blitzkrieg, Blutmond, Broken Mirrors, Chronic Hate, Conorach, Consecration, Daedric Tales, Dark Fortress, Desolate Fields, Dickless Tracy, DIS.AGREE, Divided Multitude, Emergency Gate, Eruption, ETECC, Ever-Frost, Flesh, Hirax, Infestus, Kampfar, Klamm, Kryn, M.A.I.M., Malevolence, Mass Hypnosis, Minotauro, Mist, Mooncry, Morana, Ne Obliviscaris, Nervosa, Noctiferia, Paragoria, Psykosis, Reek Of Insanity, Rotting Christ, Sacred Steel, Schirenc Plays Pungent Stench, SiliuS, Striker, Suborned, Sunchair, The Black Dahlia Murder, TomCat, Toxic Holocaust, War-Head, Year Of No Light, Zombie Rodeo When: 24–30 July 2016 Lineup: At
6570-668: The Depth, Gloryhammer , Gonoba, Graveworm , Hammercult , Herfst, Hypocrisy , Iced Earth , Ihsahn , Imperium, In Flames , Incinery , Inverted Pussyfix, Karlahan, Karnak , King Diamond , Kissin Dynamite, Last Day Here, Legion of the Damned , Leprous , Lock Up, Mayhem , Meshuggah , Meta-stasis, Metal Church , Mouth of the Architect , Mustasch , Mystery, Nemesis My Enemy, Neurotech, Nightmare , Nya, Onslaught , Orange Goblin , Otargos, Overkill , Parasol Caravan, Pentagram , Pet
6716-483: The Devil's Thunder , began early that year following a GWAR -supported tour which took place in Russia, Ukraine , United Kingdom, Romania , Slovakia and North America. Godspeed is a concept album based around the legend of Gilles de Rais , a 15th-century French nobleman who fought alongside Joan of Arc and accumulated great wealth before becoming an occultist , sexual deviant and murderer. Kerrang! preferred
6862-4027: The Fog, Jioda, Kain, Layment, Mist, Morana, Morywa, Mynded, Na Cruithne, Nemost, Nolentia, Retrace My Fragments, Sabaium, Sanity’s Rage, Sarcom, Scarred, Seduced, Zix, Bloodrocuted. When: 23–29 July 2017 Lineup: Abbath, Absu, Amon Amarth, Angelus Apatrida, Architects, Aversions Crown, Avven, Battlesword, Batushka, Beheaded, Bloodbath, Blues Pills, Bömbers, Burn Fuse, Cancer, Carnage Calligraphy, Carrion, Chontaraz, Crisix, Dead End, Death Angel, Dool, Dordeduh, Doro, Ebony Archways, Equilibrium, Evil Invaders, Fallen Tyrant, Fir Bolg, Firespawn, Firtan, Fit For An Autopsy, For I Am King, Fractal Universe, Grand Magus, Grave Digger, Greybeards, Grime, Gust, Gutalax, Heaven Shall Burn, Hell, Hellcrawler, Iced Earth, Immorgon, Implore, In The Crossfire, Infected Chaos, Kadavar, Katana, Katatonia, Kobra And The Lotus, Krisiun, Lik, Loathe, Lost Society, Loudness, Lacabre, Marilyn Manson, MGLA, Moros, Morywa, Mynded, Myriad Lights, Na Cruithne, Nemost, Nord, Novacrow, Omophagia, Opeth, Ortega, Overtures, Pain, Pain Is, Pantaleon, Persefone, PIJN, Pikes Edge, Rapid Force, Raven, Rectal Smegma, Reverend Hound, Sanctuary, Sasquatch, Selfmachine, Seven Spires, Shining, Shotdown, Sinister, Sleepers' Guilt, Snake Eater, Sober Assault, Sólstafir, Spasm, Srd, Stortregn, Suicidal Angels, Tears Of Martyr, The Black Court, The Crawling, The Foreshadowing, The Great Discord, Transceatla, Triosphere, Turbowarrior Of Steel, Tyrmfar, Tytus, Vasectomy, Venom Inc., Vexevoid, Visions Of Atlantis, Warbringer, Whorion, Witchfynde, Zayn, Zora When: 21–27 July 2018 Lineup: Accept , Alestorm, And there will be blood, Asomvel, Ater era, Behemoth, Belphegor, Birdflesh, Cannibal Corpse , Caronte, Carpathian forest, Children Of Bodom, Cold snap, Coroner, Dekadent, Diamond Head , Dreamspirit, Ensiferum, Epica, Firtan, Girlschool , Goathwore, Hate, Hatebreed , Hate Eternal, Hecate enthroned, Igorrr, Jig ai, Jinjer , Judas Priest , Kataklysm, Leprous, Loudness , The Lurking Fear, Master, Metal Allegiance, Mantar, Moros, Municipal Waste , Myrkur, Nordjevel, Obituary, Orcus o dis, Pallbearer, Pillorian, Primordial, Rage, Rotten Sound, Saille, Schammasch, Shining, Sinistro, Sober assault, Sorcerer, Storm seeker, Tesseract, Vuur , Watain , Wiegedood When: 20–26 July 2019 Lineup: Akercocke, Alien Weaponry , Alkaloid, Altair, Animae Silentes, Arcanus, Arch Enemy, Athiria, Architects, Atrexial, Autopsy Night, Bel O Kan, Big Bad Wolf, Bloodshot Dawn, Bullet, Captain Morgan's Revenge, Circle Of Execution, Cliteater, Coexistence, Convictive, Countless Skies, Critical Mess, Dead Label, Decapitated, Decaying Days, Demons & Wizards, Desdemonia, Dimmu Borgir, Distruzione, Doctor Cyclops, Dopelord, Dornenreich, Dream Theater, Esodic, Eternal Delyria, Fallen Arise, Fearancy, Finntroll, Fleshless, Ghaal's Wyrd, Glista, God Is An Astronaut, Heart Of A Coward, Heathenspawn, Hellavista, Helstar, Hexa Mera, Hour Of Penance, Hydra, Hypocrisy, Immortal Shadow, Impaled Nazarene, In The Woods, Incursed, Infected Rain, Infinitas, Inmate, Islay, Kairos, Kalmah, Klynt, Korpiklaani, Kvelertak, Leave Scars, Leeched, Liquid Graveyard, Lucifer, Lurking, Molybaron , Moonskin, Morost, Necrophobic, Neurosis, Noctiferia, Nox Vorago, Obsolete Incarnation, October Tide, Orcus O Dis, Procreation, Pyroxene, Reject The Sickness, Richthammer, Rise Of The Northstar, Ritam Nereda, Rolo Tomassi, Rotting Christ, Saturnus, Scardust, Shade Of Hatered, Signs Of Algorithm, Siska, Skeletal Remains, Slave Pit, Soilwork, Stoned Jesus, Supreme Carnage, Svart Crown, Swarm Of Serpents, Tarja, Teleport, Ten Ton Slug, The Bearded Batards, The Privateer, The Ruins Of Beverast, The Vintage Caravan, Tiamat, Tribulation, Une Misere, Inhuman Insurrection, Voice Of Ruin, W.E.B., While She Sleeps, Winterhorde When: 26 July–1 August 2020 Lineup: 1914, Amon Amarth, Anthrax, As I Lay Dying , Asphyx, At
7008-514: The Gates , Ava Inferi , Avven, Before the Dawn , The Black Dahlia Murder , Brezno, Cattle Decapitation , Dark Funeral , Doomed, Dust Bolt, Edguy , From the Depth, Eluveitie , Epica , Finntroll , The Furious Horde, Gorguts , Grand Magus , Hatebreed , Hatesphere, Heathen , Heidevolk , Incantation , Inmate, Kataklysm, Korn , Korpiklaani , Krampus, Madball , Machine Head , Metalsteel, Milking
7154-1466: The Gates, Baest, Benediction, Beyond Creation, Cattle Decapitation, Clutch, Cradle of Filth, Cro-Mags, Death Angel, Despised Icon, Devin Townsend, Hellripper, Jinjer, Malevolent Creation , Napalm Death, Official Darkest Hour, Paradise Lost, Rotting Christ, Sick of it all, Testament, Toxic Holocaust, When: 29 July–1 August 2021 Lineup: Moonspell, Decapitated, Igorrr, SkyEye, Noctiferia, Metalsteel, Brutal Sphincter, Srd, Morost, Manntra, Inmate, Mist When: 24–30 July 2022 Lineup: Amenra , Angelus Apatrida , Britof, Brutal Sphincter, Cabal, Carnal Diafragma, Carnation, Celeste, Chains, Cold Snap, Convictive, Countless Skies, Cypecore, Darkfall, Darvaza, Death Angel , Deathchant, Decapitated , Deez Nuts , Doodseskader, Evoken, Fleshcrawl, Groza, Gutalax, Hangman's Chair, Hegemone, In Twilight's Embrace, Incantation, Incursed, James Rivera's Metal Asylum, Jinjer , Manntra, Mercyful Fate , Meshuggah , Metalsteel, Mist, Moonspell , Morost, Nanowar of Steel, Noctiferia, Orange Goblin, Panzerfaust, Party Cannon, Pilgrimage, Rotting Christ , Srd, Saor, Shores of Null, Sick of It All, Siderean, Signs of Algorithm, Skindred, SkyEye, Stallion, Stamina, Striker, Suffocation, Sylvaine, Testament , The Devil's Trade, The Great Old Ones, The Halo Effect, The Privateer, Truchło Strzygi, Uada, Unearth , Visions of Atlantis, Voices, Vulture Industries, Whiskey Ritual, Year of
7300-459: The Gates, Blind Guardian, Testament, DevilDriver, Between the Buried and Me, Cattle Decapitation, Dark Funeral, Delain, Die Apokalyptischen Reiter, Dragonforce, Dying Fetus, Electric Wizard, Exodus, Gloryhammer , Graveyard, Immolation, Incantation, Marduk, Melechesh, Obscura, Skálmöld, Skindred, Bury Tomorrow, Gama Bomb, Gutalax, Horna, Jess Cox (Tygers of Pan Tang), Monolithe, Orphaned Land, Rise of
7446-515: The Goat 46°10′37″N 13°43′54″E / 46.1769°N 13.7317°E / 46.1769; 13.7317 Heavy metal music Heavy metal (or simply metal ) is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and United States. With roots in blues rock , psychedelic rock and acid rock , heavy metal bands developed
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#17327868511027592-955: The Goatmachine, Morana, Municipal Waste , Napalm Death , Nexus Inferis, Nile , Noctiferia, Nominal Abuse, Pain , Paradise Lost , Purify, Sabaton , Sanctuary , Septicflesh , Sin Deadly Sin, Sodom , Steelwing, Testament , Trollfest , Vicious Rumors , Warbringer , Wisdom , ArseA When: 21–28 July 2013 Lineup: 4ARM, Acid Death, Agan, Alestorm , Anaal Nathrakh , Annihilator , Arkona , ArseA, Attick Demons, Aura Noir , Avicularia , Benediction , Blaakyum , Bleed from Within , Bliksem, Bloodshot Dawn, Blynd, Brutal Truth , Calderah, Calling of Lorme, Candlemass , Chained Pistons, Chronosphere, Cold Snap, Coma, Cripper , Dark Salvation, Darkest Horizon, Dickless Tracy, Drakum, Dying Fetus , Emergency Gate, Ensiferum , Enslaved , Eternal Deformity, Exhumed , Extreme Smoke 57 , Eyehategod , From
7738-1767: The Lake, ArseA, Planet Rain When: 2–7 July 2009 Lineup: Hatebreed , Blind Guardian , Lamb of God , Nightwish , Dimmu Borgir , Edguy , Kataklysm, Destruction , My Dying Bride , Sodom , Legion of the Damned , Graveworm , Die Apokalyptischen Reiter , Sonic Syndicate , Keep of Kalessin , Hollenthon , Hackneyed, Deathstars , Kreator , Vader , DragonForce , A New Dawn, Arsames , D-Swoon When: 5–10 July 2010 Lineup: Immortal , Behemoth, Cannibal Corpse , Sonata Arctica , Obituary , Sabaton , Overkill , Finntroll , Korpiklaani , Leaves' Eyes , Ensiferum, Equilibrium , The Exploited , Decapitated , Epica , Insomnium , Kalmah , The Devil's Blood , Ex Deo , Rotting Christ , Trail of Tears , Suicidal Angels , Demonical, Metsatoll , Insision , Heidevolk , Dornenreich , Omega Lithium , Enochian Theory , Abstinenz, All Seasons Remain, Ashes You Leave , D-Swoon, S.A. Sanctuary When: 11–17 July 2011 Lineup: Accept , Achren, Airbourne , Alestorm , Algebra, Amorphis , Arch Enemy , Ava Inferi , Avatar , Beholder, Blind Guardian , Brainstorm , Brujeria , Bulldozer , Cold Snap, Death Angel , Deicide , Die Apokalyptischen Reiter , Hate , Imperium Dekadenz, In Extremo , In Solitude , Kalmah , Obscura , October File , Rising Dream , Ritam Nereda , Serenity , Slayer, Suicidal Angels , Taake , Thaurorod, The Ocean , Trollfest , Vanderbuyst, Visions of Atlantis , Vulture Industries, Watain , Winterfylleth , Wintersun , Virgin Steele , Zonaria , Eternal Death When: 5–11 August 2012 Lineup: Amon Amarth, At
7884-516: The Madness) , based on Pier Paolo Pasolini 's film Salò . Roughly half the album trod the conceptual territory of John Milton 's Paradise Lost —showing the events of the fall of man through the eyes of Lucifer —while the remainder comprised stand-alone tracks such as the Nile tribute "Doberman Pharaoh" and the aforementioned "Babalon A. D."; a reference to Aleister Crowley . "Babalon A. D."
8030-507: The Northstar , Rosetta, Septicflesh, Skyforger, The Stone, Valkyrja, Cryptex, Dead Label, Dirge, Double Crush Syndrome, Drakum, Gloryful, Hackneyed, Infernal Tenebra, Larceny, Little Dead Bertha, Nameless Day Ritual, Nightmare, Obscurity, Painful, Penitenziagite, Sarcasm, The Canyon Observer, Victims of Creation, Weeping Silence, Blaze of Sorrow, Dead End, Deserted Fear, Elferya, Enthrope, Eruption, Fleshdoll, Fogalord, Halo Creation, Howling in
8176-1109: The Preacher, Phantasmagoria , Powerwolf , Primordial , Ravenblood, Rest in Fear, Rising Dream , Sabbath Judas Sabbath, Samael , Shining, Soilwork , Sólstafir , Sonata Arctica , Space Unicorn on Fire, SpitFire, Steel Engraved, Stormcast, Subway to Sally , Svart Crown , Taake , The Canyon Observer, The Loudest Silence, The Rotted, Torche , Tsjuder , Turisas , Under the Abyss, Unleashed , Vallorch, Vicious Rumors , Wintersun, Within Destruction When: 20–26 July 2014 Lineup: Abinchova, Aborted , African Corpse, Alcest , Alogia , Alpha Tiger, Amorphis , Armaroth, Artillery , As It Comes, Asphyx , Benighted , Black Diamond, Borknagar , Brutality Will Prevail , Chain of Dogs, Children of Bodom , Condemnatio Cristi, Cripper, Cruel Humanity, Darkfall, Dead Territory, Deadend in Venice, Downfall of Gaia , Drakum, Duirvir, Fallen Utopia, From
8322-483: The Unclean , Orgiastic Pleasures Foul and Total Fucking Darkness ) recorded amidst the sort of rapid line-up fluctuations that have continued ever since, with the band having more than thirty musicians in its history. An album entitled Goetia was recorded prior to the third demo and set for release on Tombstone Records, but all tracks were wiped when Tombstone went out of business and the band could not afford to buy
8468-545: The album A Long Time Comin' by U.S. band Electric Flag : "Nobody who's been listening to Mike Bloomfield —either talking or playing—in the last few years could have expected this. This is the new soul music, the synthesis of white blues and heavy metal rock." In the 7 September 1968 edition of the Seattle Daily Times , reviewer Susan Schwartz wrote that the Jimi Hendrix Experience "has
8614-418: The album artwork and the band's live performances marked the first appearances in rock music of the sign of the horns , which would later become an important gesture in heavy metal culture. Coven's lyrical and thematic influences on heavy metal were quickly overshadowed by the darker and heavier sounds of Black Sabbath . Critics disagree over who can be thought of as the first heavy metal band. Most credit
8760-514: The album to the "relatively weak" Thornography , calling it "grandiose and epic", while Metal Hammer said it had "genuine narrative depth and emotional resonance", and Terrorizer called it "cohesive, consistent and convincing". It sold 11,000 copies in its week of release, entering the Billboard 200 at No. 48. Cradle's relationship with Roadrunner came to an end in April 2010, with
8906-526: The album's most successful single, " Purple Haze ", is identified by some as the first heavy metal hit. Vanilla Fudge , whose first album also came out in 1967, has been called "one of the few American links between psychedelia and what soon became heavy metal," and the band has been cited as an early American heavy metal group. On their self-titled debut album, Vanilla Fudge created "loud, heavy, slowed-down arrangements" of contemporary hit songs, blowing these songs up to "epic proportions" and "bathing them in
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#17327868511029052-474: The announcement that the band's next album would be released by the British independent label Peaceville Records , using Cradle's own Abracadaver imprint. Dani Filth cited "the artistic restrictions and mindless inhibitions imposed by a major label" as the band's reason for going independent. Early press releases named the new album All Hallows Eve , but by August 2010 the title was confirmed as Darkly, Darkly, Venus Aversa . Released on 1 November 2010, it
9198-434: The audience for whom they're playing – engage in headbanging , which involves rhythmically beating time with the head, often emphasized by long hair. The il cornuto , or "devil horns", hand gesture was popularized by vocalist Ronnie James Dio during his time with the bands Black Sabbath and Dio . Although Gene Simmons of Kiss claims to have been the first to make the gesture on the 1977 Love Gun album cover, there
9344-826: The band appeared in the BBC documentary series Living with the Enemy (on tour with a fan and his disapproving mother and sister) and released its third studio album, Cruelty and the Beast . A fully realised concept album based on the legend of the "Blood Countess" Elizabeth Báthory , the album boasted the casting coup of Ingrid Pitt providing guest narration as the Countess; a role she first played in Hammer Film Productions ' 1971 film Countess Dracula . The album led to Cradle's US debut, and Dani claimed it in 2003 as
9490-435: The band emerged with a style that leaned heavily toward black metal , they have since distanced themselves from the genre. Additionally, some tracks in their first album are considered to be akin to death metal and thrash metal . Despite these classifications, Cradle of Filth's particular genre has provoked a great deal of discussion, and their status as a black metal band or otherwise has been in debate since near
9636-521: The band in November 2006, with the intention of devoting his energies to his two side projects, Needleye and Nemhain. The official press release from Roadrunner saw Erlandsson state "I have enjoyed my time with Cradle but it is now time to move on. I feel I am going out on a high as Thornography is definitely our best album to date". He was replaced by Martin "Marthus" Škaroupka . Work on the eighth studio album, released in October 2008 as Godspeed on
9782-462: The band included, call Cradle black metal these days." In a 2006 interview with Terrorizer , then-guitarist Paul Allender said, "We were never a black metal band. The only thing that catered to that was the make-up . Even when The Principle of Evil Made Flesh came out—you look at Emperor and Burzum and all that stuff—we didn't sound anything like that. The way that I see it is that we were, and still are now, an extreme metal band." However,
9928-547: The band re-issued its back catalogue from 1994 to 2002, via The End Records . Cradle's tenth studio album, The Manticore and Other Horrors , was released on 29 October 2012 in Europe, and on 30 October in North America. Paul Allender told Ultimate Guitar that "The last thing we want to do is come out with another album that sounds like the last two. We decided to change direction and go back to what we used to do with
10074-496: The band's evolving sound has allowed them to continue resisting definitive categorisation. They have collaborated on projects such as Christian Death 's Born Again Anti-Christian album (on the track "Peek-a-Boo") and have even experimented outside of metal music with dance remixes – such as "Twisting Further Nails", "Pervert's Church" and "Forgive Me Father (I'm in a Trance)". Appearing on the BBC music quiz Never Mind
10220-426: The band's impact". Weinstein makes the case that in the same way that melody is the main element of pop and rhythm is the main focus of house music , powerful sound, timbre and volume are the key elements of metal. She argues that the loudness is designed to "sweep the listener into the sound" and to provide a "shot of youthful vitality". Heavy metal performers tended to be almost exclusively male until at least
10366-462: The band's largest set of UK dates for eight years in late 2015, and a set of North American shows in early 2016. On 16 June 2017 the title of their twelfth studio album was revealed as Cryptoriana – The Seductiveness of Decay and it was given an official release date of 22 September 2017 through Nuclear Blast Records. On 10 February 2020, it was announced on the band's social media that keyboardist and vocalist Lindsay Schoolcraft had departed from
10512-503: The band's second album, Dusk... and Her Embrace was recorded by the Principle... lineup for Cacophonous but scrapped. Subsequently re-worked with new band members for Music For Nations (see below), the embryonic Cacophonous version was eventually released as Dusk... and Her Embrace: The Original Sin in July 2016. The band finally signed to Music for Nations in 1996 after only one more contractually obligated Cacophonous recording:
10658-411: The band, citing mental health reasons, as well as giving the band room to progress. In the post the band announced that a replacement had been found, but did not immediately disclose their identity. Anabelle Iratni was later announced as the new keyboard player for the band in May 2021. The band's thirteenth album, Existence Is Futile , was released on 22 October 2021. A music video was released for
10804-492: The band, replacing Andrea Meyer , Cradle's first female vocalist and self-styled "satanic advisor". Deva appeared on every subsequent Cradle release and tour until 2010's Darkly, Darkly, Venus Aversa , but was never considered a full band member, since she also performed with The Kovenant , Therion and Mortiis , and fronted her own Angtoria project along with Cradle's former bass guitar player, Dave Pybus . The re-worked and re-recorded Dusk... and Her Embrace followed
10950-399: The band: "Paul has been enthralled [ sic ] in his own project and he could not do the tour due to personal reasons. Since then the band has grown as a unit, we were only writing as one guitarist for the last three records and we now have two very competent guitarists. Paul had a very strong opinion about doing that [writing single guitar parts], and we're a two-guitar band. So that may be one of
11096-572: The bass as a lead instrument, an approach popularized by Metallica 's Cliff Burton with his heavy emphasis on bass solos and use of chords while playing the bass in the early 1980s. Lemmy of Motörhead often played overdriven power chords in his bass lines. The essence of heavy metal drumming is creating a loud, constant beat for the band using the "trifecta of speed, power, and precision". Heavy metal drumming "requires an exceptional amount of endurance", and drummers have to develop "considerable speed, coordination, and dexterity ... to play
11242-466: The blues rock drumming style started out largely as simple shuffle beats on small kits, drummers began using a more muscular, complex and amplified approach to match and be heard against the increasingly loud guitar. Vocalists similarly modified their technique and increased their reliance on amplification, often becoming more stylized and dramatic. In terms of sheer volume, especially in live performance, The Who's "bigger-louder-wall-of- Marshalls " approach
11388-429: The components of the term mean in " hippiespeak ": "heavy" is roughly synonymous with "potent" or "profound", and "metal" designates a certain type of mood, grinding and weighted as with metal. The word "heavy" in this sense was a basic element of beatnik and later countercultural hippie slang , and references to "heavy music" – typically slower, more amplified variations of standard pop fare – were already common by
11534-536: The emergence of an intense, exclusionary and strongly masculine subculture. While the metal fan base is largely young, white, male and blue-collar, the group is "tolerant of those outside its core demographic base who follow its codes of dress, appearance, and behavior". Identification with the subculture is strengthened not only by the group experience of concert-going and shared elements of fashion, but also by contributing to metal magazines and, more recently, websites. Attending live concerts in particular has been called
11680-651: The era. Bands like The Rolling Stones and The Yardbirds developed blues rock by recording covers of classic blues songs, often speeding up the tempos . As they experimented with the music, the U.K. blues-based bands – and in turn the U.S. acts they influenced – developed what would become the hallmarks of heavy metal (in particular, the loud, distorted guitar sound). The Kinks played a major role in popularising this sound with their 1964 hit " You Really Got Me ". In addition to The Kinks' Dave Davies , other guitarists such as The Who 's Pete Townshend and The Yardbirds' Jeff Beck were experimenting with feedback. Where
11826-418: The fans themselves, the code promotes "opposition to established authority, and separateness from the rest of society". Musician and filmmaker Rob Zombie observed, "Most of the kids who come to my shows seem like really imaginative kids with a lot of creative energy they don't know what to do with" and that metal is "outsider music for outsiders. Nobody wants to be the weird kid; you just somehow end up being
11972-443: The female vocals; all the strong melody lines and harmonies... I've put a lot of punk -orientated riffs back into it again. It's really gone quite dark and pretty hardcore." On 2 September 2013, via his monthly blog, Dani Filth announced the crowd-funded Cradle of Filth comic book, "The Curse of Venus Aversa", and "a career spanning double-disc 'best of'" compilation that is yet to be named. In March 2014, Cradle of Filth announced
12118-558: The first ever commercial release of their 1993 demo Total Fucking Darkness . The album arrived on CD and limited edition vinyl the following May, on the independent Mordgrimm label. It features all the tracks from the original cassette, plus previously unreleased rehearsal recordings and the sole surviving track from their abandoned Goetia album. In April 2014, Paul Allender stated on his official Facebook account that he had once again left Cradle of Filth, in favour of his new band White Empress . Dani Filth stated about Allender departing
12264-825: The first true heavy metal recording. The same month, Steppenwolf released their self-titled debut album , on which the track " Born to Be Wild " refers to "heavy metal thunder" in describing a motorcycle. In July, the Jeff Beck Group , whose leader had preceded Page as The Yardbirds' guitarist, released its debut record, Truth , which featured some of the "most molten, barbed, downright funny noises of all time", breaking ground for generations of metal ax-slingers. In September, Page's new band, Led Zeppelin , made its live debut in Denmark (but were billed as The New Yardbirds). The Beatles ' self-titled double album , released in November, included " Helter Skelter ", then one of
12410-2118: The following: When: 20–21 August 2004 Lineup: Danzig , Apocalyptica , Hypocrisy , Sentenced , Primal Fear , Katatonia , Dew-Scented , Dead Soul Tribe , Fleshcrawl , Mnemic , Prospect , Belphegor , Ancient , Destruction , Brainstorm , Dark Funeral , Vintersorg , Finntroll , Green Carnation , Ektomorf , Noctiferia, Negligence , Rising Dream When: 24–26 June 2005 Lineup: Slayer , HammerFall , Yngwie Malmsteen , In Extremo , Noctiferia, Betzefer , Suidakra , Soulfly , Obituary , JBO , Kataklysm , Ektomorf , Morgana Lefay , Graveworm , Hatesphere , Belphegor, Anthrax , Children of Bodom , Therion , Dissection , Disbelief , Exciter , The Duskfall , Reapers, Prospect When: 21–23 July 2006 Lineup: Amon Amarth , Hypocrisy, Jon Oliva's Pain , Nevermore , Deathstars , Decapitated , Scaffold, Dimmu Borgir , Testament , My Dying Bride , Soilwork , Wintersun , Evergrey , Heaven Shall Burn , Excelsis, Opeth , Kreator , Edguy , Kataklysm, Gorefest , Cataract , Mystic Prophecy , Mely When: 16–22 July 2007 Lineup: Motörhead , Blind Guardian , Cradle of Filth , Immortal , Sepultura , Satyricon , Pain , The Exploited , Sodom , Doro , Grave Digger , Threshold , Unleashed , Converge , Dismember , Ensiferum , Die Apokalyptischen Reiter , Dew-Scented , Graveworm , The Vision Bleak , Disillusion , Born from Pain , Krypteria , Eluveitie , Aborted, Vreid , Korpiklaani , Sadist , Full Blown Chaos , Animosity , Prospect, Noctiferia, Eventide, Ars Moriendi, Sardonic, Nervecell, Herfst, Alltheniko When: 4–8 July 2008 Lineup: Meshuggah , Carcass , Amon Amarth, Kataklysm, Behemoth , Tankard , Brainstorm , Rage , Skyforger , Ministry , Wintersun , Iced Earth , Helloween , Mystic Prophecy , Apocalyptica, Mercenary , In Flames , Finntroll , Subway to Sally , Drone, The Sorrow , Gorilla Monsoon, Alestorm , Sahg , Hate , Morbid Angel , Onslaught , Korpiklaani , Evergrey , Opeth , Six Feet Under , October file , In Extremo , S.A. Sanctuary, Exterminator, At
12556-910: The foundation of heavy metal and greatly influential in the transformation of acid rock into heavy metal. Cradle of Filth Cradle of Filth are an English extreme metal band formed in Suffolk in 1991. The band's musical style evolved originally from black metal to a cleaner and more "produced" amalgam of gothic metal , symphonic metal and other metal genres. Their lyrical themes and imagery are heavily influenced by Gothic literature , poetry , mythology and horror films . The band consists of its founding member, vocalist Dani Filth , drummer Martin "Marthus" Škaroupka , bassist Daniel Firth, guitarists Marek "Ashok" Šmerda and Donny Burbage, and keyboardist Zoe Marie Federoff. The band has broken free from its original niche by courting mainstream publicity. This increased accessibility has brought coverage from
12702-572: The full-length feature film Cradle of Fear . The band released their fourth studio album in the Autumn of 2000. Midian was based around the Clive Barker novel Cabal and its subsequent film adaptation Nightbreed . Like Cruelty and the Beast , Midian featured a guest narrator, this time Doug Bradley , who starred in Nightbreed but remains best known for playing Pinhead in
12848-413: The general population. For many artists and bands, visual imagery plays a large role in heavy metal. In addition to its sound and lyrics, a heavy metal band's image is expressed in album cover art, logos, stage sets, clothing, design of instruments and music videos . Down-the-back long hair is the "most crucial distinguishing feature of metal fashion". Originally adopted from the hippie subculture, by
12994-517: The ground opening up and little dwarves coming out riding dragons! You know, like bad Dio records." Heavy metal's quintessential guitar style, which is built around distortion-heavy riffs and power chords, traces its roots to early 1950s Memphis blues guitarists such as Joe Hill Louis , Willie Johnson and particularly Pat Hare , who captured a "grittier, nastier, more ferocious electric guitar sound" on records such as James Cotton 's " Cotton Crop Blues " (1954). Other early influences include
13140-429: The grounds that the "band's lyrics could be interpreted as being religiously insensitive" and blasphemous. Some people consider heavy metal music to be a leading factor for mental health disorders, and that heavy metal fans are more likely to suffer poor mental health, but a study from 2009 suggests that this is not true and that fans of heavy metal music suffer from poor mental health at a similar or lower rate compared to
13286-413: The harmonic analysis done by metal players and teachers is "often very sophisticated". In the study of heavy metal chord structures, it has been concluded that "heavy metal music has proved to be far more complicated" than other music researchers had realized. Robert Walser stated that, alongside blues and R&B, the "assemblage of disparate musical styles known ... as ' classical music '" has been
13432-610: The heaviest-sounding songs ever released by a major band. The Pretty Things ' rock opera S.F. Sorrow , released in December, featured "proto heavy metal" songs such as "Old Man Going" and "I See You". Iron Butterfly 's 1968 song " In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida " is sometimes described as an example of the transition between acid rock and heavy metal or the turning point in which acid rock became "heavy metal", and both Iron Butterfly's 1968 album In-A-Gadda-Da-Vida and Blue Cheer's 1968 album Vincebus Eruptum have been described as laying
13578-437: The horror film Cradle of Fear while they negotiated their first major-label signing with Sony Music . Everything in the band is a democracy decision.. Dani has just been painted black in the press...To be honest, to find six people who think along the same lines and share the same interests and like have everything else sort of on a similar level. This band takes up so much time from us, it’s hard to keep everybody focused at
13724-403: The influence of 'art traditions.' An example is Walser's linkage of heavy metal music with the ideologies and even some of the performance practices of nineteenth-century Romanticism . However, it would be clearly wrong to claim that traditions such as blues, rock, heavy metal, rap or dance music derive primarily from "art music.'" According to David Hatch and Stephen Millward, Black Sabbath and
13870-605: The intricate patterns" used in heavy metal. A characteristic metal drumming technique is the cymbal choke , which consists of striking a cymbal and then immediately silencing it by grabbing it with the other hand (or, in some cases, the same striking hand), producing a burst of sound. The metal drum setup is generally much larger than those employed in other forms of rock music. Black metal, death metal and some "mainstream metal" bands "all depend upon double-kicks and blast beats ". In live performance, loudness – an "onslaught of sound", in sociologist Deena Weinstein 's description –
14016-423: The late 1950s instrumentals of Link Wray , particularly " Rumble " (1958); the early 1960s surf rock of Dick Dale , including " Let's Go Trippin' " (1961) and " Misirlou " (1962); and The Kingsmen 's version of " Louie Louie " (1963), which became a garage rock standard. However, the genre's direct lineage begins in the mid-1960s. American blues music was a major influence on the early British rockers of
14162-580: The late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden and Saxon followed in a similar vein. By the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as " metalheads " or " headbangers ". The lyrics of some metal genres became associated with aggression and machismo , an issue that has at times led to accusations of misogyny. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with groups such as Bon Jovi , Mötley Crüe and Poison . Meanwhile, however, underground scenes produced an array of more aggressive styles: thrash metal broke into
14308-438: The late 1970s, however, metal bands were employing a wide variety of tempos, and as recently as the 2000s, metal tempos range from slow ballad tempos (quarter note = 60 beats per minute ) to extremely fast blast beat tempos (quarter note = 350 beats per minute). One of the signatures of the genre is the guitar power chord. In technical terms, the power chord is relatively simple: it involves just one main interval , generally
14454-500: The likes of Kerrang! and MTV , along with frequent main stage appearances at major festivals such as Ozzfest , Download and even the mainstream Sziget Festival . They have sometimes been perceived as Satanic by casual observers, even though their outright lyrical references to Satanism are few and far between; their use of Satanic imagery has arguably always been more for shock value than any seriously held beliefs. Cradle of Filth's first three years saw three demos ( Invoking
14600-471: The logos or other visual representations of favorite metal bands." In the 1980s, a range of sources – from punk rock and goth music to horror films – influenced metal fashion. Many metal performers of the 1970s and 1980s used radically shaped and brightly colored instruments to enhance their stage appearance. Fashion and personal style was especially important for glam metal bands of the era. Performers typically wore long, dyed, hairspray-teased hair (hence
14746-587: The mainstream was confirmed when the album's title track was nominated for a Grammy award. The album's track "Coffin Fodder" was referenced in an episode of the Channel 4 sit-com The IT Crowd in February 2006. Thornography was released in October 2006. According to Dani Filth, the title "represents mankind's obsession with sin and self... an addiction to self-punishment or something equally poisonous...
14892-414: The mainstream with bands such as Metallica , Slayer , Megadeth and Anthrax , while other extreme subgenres such as death metal and black metal became – and remain – subcultural phenomena. Since the mid-1990s, popular styles have expanded the definition of the genre. These include groove metal and nu metal , the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip-hop . Heavy metal
15038-432: The metal sound, and the interplay of bass and guitar is a central element. The bass provides the low-end sound crucial to making the music "heavy". The bass plays a "more important role in heavy metal than in any other genre of rock". Metal basslines vary widely in complexity, from holding down a low pedal point as a foundation to doubling complex riffs and licks along with the lead or rhythm guitars. Some bands feature
15184-491: The mid-1960s, such as in reference to Vanilla Fudge . Iron Butterfly 's debut album, which was released in early 1968, was titled Heavy . The first use of "heavy metal" in a song lyric is in reference to a motorcycle in the Steppenwolf song " Born to Be Wild ", also released that year: "I like smoke and lightning / Heavy metal thunder / Racin' with the wind / And the feelin' that I'm under". An early documented use of
15330-468: The mid-1980s, with some exceptions such as Girlschool . However, by the 2010s, women were making more of an impact, and PopMatters' Craig Hayes argues that metal "clearly empowers women". In the power metal and symphonic metal subgenres, there has been a sizable number of bands that have had women as the lead singers, such as Nightwish , Delain and Within Temptation . The rhythm in metal songs
15476-456: The mid-Seventies". "The term 'heavy metal' is self-defeating," remarked Kiss bassist Gene Simmons . "When I think of heavy metal, I've always thought of elves and evil dwarves and evil princes and princesses. A lot of the Maiden and Priest records were real metal records. I sure as hell don't think Metallica 's metal, or Guns N' Roses is metal, or Kiss is metal. It just doesn't deal with
15622-502: The more extreme side of the psychedelic rock genre, frequently containing a loud, improvised, and heavily distorted, guitar-centered sound. Acid rock has been described as psychedelic rock at its "rawest and most intense", emphasizing the heavier qualities associated with both the positive and negative extremes of the psychedelic experience rather than only the idyllic side of psychedelia. In contrast to more idyllic or whimsical pop psychedelic rock, American acid rock garage bands such as
15768-495: The new keyboard player. On 9 May 2022, the band announced that they had signed to Napalm Records . Vocalist Dani Filth mentioned in August 2022 that the band had been working on a collaboration with musician Ed Sheeran since the previous year. Filth explained that Sheeran had begun recording his vocals for the collaboration, but that Sheeran's touring schedule and the birth of his child caused delays. Sheeran's interest in
15914-535: The nickname "hair metal"); makeup such as lipstick and eyeliner; gaudy clothing, including leopard-skin-printed shirts or vests and tight denim, leather or spandex pants; and accessories such as headbands and jewelry. Pioneered by the heavy metal act X Japan in the late 1980s, bands in the Japanese movement known as visual kei , which includes many non-metal groups, emphasize elaborate costumes, hair and makeup. When performing live, many metal musicians – as well as
16060-456: The numerous heavy metal bands that they inspired have concentrated lyrically "on dark and depressing subject matter to an extent hitherto unprecedented in any form of pop music." They take as an example Black Sabbath's second album, Paranoid (1970), which "included songs dealing with personal trauma—' Paranoid ' and ' Fairies Wear Boots ' (which described the unsavoury side effects of drug-taking)—as well as those confronting wider issues, such as
16206-406: The official Cradle of Filth Facebook page that they had signed to Nuclear Blast Records for their new album and were expected to begin recording the follow-up to The Manticore And Other Horrors later the same month. In early 2015, the working title of the album was revealed as Hammer of the Witches (inspired by the 1486 treatise on the prosecution of witches by Heinrich Kramer ). This title
16352-491: The original image. Thornography received a similar reception to Nymphetamine , garnering generally positive reviews, but raising a few eyebrows with the inclusion of a cover of Heaven 17 's " Temptation " (featuring guest vocals from Dirty Harry ), which was released as a digital single and accompanying video shortly before the album. Thornography entered the Billboard chart at No. 66, having sold nearly 13,000 copies. Long-term drummer Adrian Erlandsson departed
16498-431: The other metal genres: moshing and stage diving , which "were imported from the punk/hardcore subculture ". Weinstein states that moshing participants bump and jostle each other as they move in a circle in an area called the "pit" near the stage. Stage divers climb onto the stage with the band and then jump "back into the audience". It has been argued that heavy metal has outlasted many other rock genres largely due to
16644-430: The overwhelming evidence that suggests otherwise". Music critic Robert Christgau called metal "an expressive mode [that] it sometimes seems will be with us for as long as ordinary white boys fear girls, pity themselves, and are permitted to rage against a world they'll never beat". Heavy metal artists have had to defend their lyrics in front of the U.S. Senate and in court. In 1985, Twisted Sister frontman Dee Snider
16790-727: The periodic table organizes elements of both light and heavy metals (e.g., uranium). An early use of the term in modern popular culture was by countercultural writer William S. Burroughs . His 1961 novel The Soft Machine includes a character known as "Uranian Willy, the Heavy Metal Kid". Burroughs' next novel, Nova Express (1964), develops the theme, using "heavy metal" as a metaphor for addictive drugs: "With their diseases and orgasm drugs and their sexless parasite life forms—Heavy Metal People of Uranus wrapped in cool blue mist of vaporized bank notes—And The Insect People of Minraud with metal music." Inspired by Burroughs' novels,
16936-592: The phrase in rock criticism appears in Sandy Pearlman's February 1967 Crawdaddy review of the Rolling Stones ' Got Live If You Want It (1966), albeit as a description of the sound rather than as a genre: "On this album the Stones go metal. Technology is in the saddle—as an ideal and as a method." Another appears in the 11 May 1968 issue of Rolling Stone , in which Barry Gifford wrote about
17082-436: The recordings from the studio. The band eventually signed to Cacophonous Records, and their debut album, The Principle of Evil Made Flesh , was Cacophonous's first release in 1994. A step-up in terms of production from the rehearsal quality of most of their demos, the album was still nevertheless a sparse and embryonic version of what was to come, with lead singer Dani Filth 's vocals in particular bearing little similarity to
17228-424: The same 27th-rate heavy metal crap". In a review of Sir Lord Baltimore 's Kingdom Come in the May 1971 edition of Creem , Saunders wrote, "Sir Lord Baltimore seems to have down pat most all the best heavy metal tricks in the book." Creem critic Lester Bangs is credited with popularizing the term via his early 1970s essays on bands such as Led Zeppelin and Black Sabbath. Through the decade, "heavy metal"
17374-409: The same time and on the same page. So it’s a lot to do with why there have been so many members. — Adrian Erlandsson, on the working relationships within the band and line-up changes. Damnation and a Day arrived in 2003; Sony's heavyweight funding underwriting Cradle's undiminished ambition by finally bringing a real orchestra into the studio (the 101 piece Budapest Film Orchestra including
17520-413: The same year: a critically acclaimed breakthrough album that greatly expanded the band's fan-base throughout Europe and the rest of the world. Cradle's inaugural album for Music for Nations set the tone for what was to follow. The album's production values matched the band's ambition for the first time, whilst Filth's vocal gymnastics were at their most extreme. The increasingly theatrical stage shows of
17666-499: The self-explanatory ' War Pigs ' and ' Hand of Doom .'" Deriving from the genre's roots in blues music, sex is another important topic – a thread running from Led Zeppelin's suggestive lyrics to the more explicit references of glam metal and nu metal bands. The thematic content of heavy metal has long been a target of criticism. According to Jon Pareles , "Heavy metal's main subject matter is simple and virtually universal. With grunts, moans and subliterary lyrics, it celebrates ...
17812-437: The single "Crawling King Chaos" in advance of the album on 30 July 2021. On 4 May 2022, Dani Filth announced the departure of guitarist Richard Shaw and keyboardist Anabelle. Filth stated, "We have to respect that people have personal commitments and/or sometimes find the career choice of being in a band like Cradle of Filth a tad overwhelming". At the same time, Donny Burbage joined as the new guitarist with Zoe Marie Federoff as
17958-403: The songs are pretty much there; we just have to move stuff around and put some strange instrumentation.... This album will be very twin guitar driven, lots of very fast melodies a la Dusk... and Her Embrace and Cruelty and the Beast . We are aiming at 16–20 tracks then we will wheedle [ sic ] them down to make sure we have the best. It is very exciting. On 11 November 2014 it was reported on
18104-421: The sonic power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a combined use of high volumes and heavy fuzz . For classic heavy metal guitar tone, guitarists maintain gain at moderate levels, without excessive preamp or pedal distortion, to retain open spaces and air in the music; the guitar amplifier is turned up loud to produce
18250-414: The style he was later to develop. The album was well-received however, and as recently as June 2006 found its way into Metal Hammer 's list of the top ten black metal albums of the last twenty years. Cradle's relationship with Cacophonous soon soured, the band accusing the label of contractual and financial mismanagement. Acrimonious legal proceedings took up most of 1995, and the original version of
18396-714: The term was used in the title of the 1967 album Featuring the Human Host and the Heavy Metal Kids by Hapshash and the Coloured Coat , which has been claimed to be its first use in the context of music. The phrase was later lifted by Sandy Pearlman , who used the term to describe the Byrds for their supposed "aluminium style of context and effect", particularly on their album The Notorious Byrd Brothers (1968). Metal historian Ian Christe describes what
18542-478: The terms "heavy metal" and "hard rock" have often been used interchangeably, particularly in discussing bands of the 1970s, a period when the terms were largely synonymous. For example, the 1983 edition of the Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll includes the following passage: "Known for its aggressive blues-based hard-rock style, Aerosmith was the top American heavy-metal band of
18688-555: The things that kind of opened the fissure a bit." James McIlroy also left the band at around this point due to imminent surgery for a spinal injury. Both guitarists were replaced for upcoming tours by Marek "Ashok" Šmerda of the Czech groups Root and Inner Fear, and Richard Shaw of English acts Emperor Chung and NG26. On 2 April 2014, Cradle of Filth's website announced that they were working on their follow-up to The Manticore and Other Horrors . Dani Filth announced that they expected
18834-566: The time that the group rose to fame. The band have cited acts that were heavily influential to black metal such as Bathory , Celtic Frost and Mercyful Fate among their influences, but Dani Filth, in a 1998 interview for BBC Radio 5 for example, said "I use the term ' heavy metal ', rather than 'black metal', because I think that's a bit of a fad now. Call it what you like: death metal , black metal, any kind of metal...". Gavin Baddeley 's 2006 Terrorizer interview states that "few folk,
18980-486: The track also found its way onto the soundtrack of the werewolf movie Ginger Snaps (it would also feature, much later, in the video game Brütal Legend ). The longest-ever interim period between full-length Cradle albums was nevertheless a busy time for the band. Bitter Suites to Succubi was released on the band's own Abracadaver label, and was a mixture of four new songs, re-recordings of three songs from The Principle of Evil Made Flesh , two instrumental tracks and
19126-434: The two genres that have the most in common when it comes to feel, texture, creativity." Although a number of metal musicians cite classical composers as inspiration, classical and metal are rooted in different cultural traditions and practices – classical in the art music tradition, metal in the popular music tradition. As musicologists Nicolas Cook and Nicola Dibben note: "Analyses of popular music also sometimes reveal
19272-475: The weird kid. It's kind of like that, but with metal you have all the weird kids in one place." Scholars of metal have noted the tendency of fans to classify and reject some performers (and some other fans) as " poseurs " "who pretended to be part of the subculture, but who were deemed to lack authenticity and sincerity". The origin of the term "heavy metal" in a musical context is uncertain. The phrase has been used for centuries in chemistry and metallurgy, where
19418-486: The works of H. P. Lovecraft are made more than once). Cradle's bass guitarist Dave Pybus described it as an "eclectic mix between the group's Damnation and Cruelty albums with a renewed vigour for melody , songmanship [ sic ] and plain fucking weirdness." Nymphetamine debuted at No. 89 on the Billboard Top 200 chart, selling just under 14,000 copies, and the band's growing acceptance by
19564-406: Was applied to a pounding, hard rock variant that evolved out of the mid-1960s garage-punk movement. ... When rock began turning back to softer, roots-oriented sounds in late 1968, acid-rock bands mutated into heavy metal acts." One of the most influential bands in forging the merger of psychedelic rock and acid rock with the blues rock genre was the British power trio Cream , who derived
19710-586: Was asked to defend his song " Under the Blade " at a U.S. Senate hearing. At the hearing, the PMRC alleged that the song was about sadomasochism and rape ; Snider stated that the song was about his bandmate's throat surgery. In 1986, Ozzy Osbourne was sued over the lyrics of his song " Suicide Solution ". A lawsuit against Osbourne was filed by the parents of John McCollum, a depressed teenager who committed suicide allegedly after listening to Osbourne's song. Osbourne
19856-493: Was considered extremely dissonant and unstable by medieval and Renaissance music theorists. It was nicknamed the diabolus in musica – "the devil in music". Heavy metal songs often make extensive use of pedal point as a harmonic basis. A pedal point is a sustained tone, typically in the bass range, during which at least one foreign (i.e., dissonant) harmony is sounded in the other parts. According to Robert Walser, heavy metal harmonic relationships are "often quite complex" and
20002-535: Was eventually confirmed as official. The album was recorded at Grindstone Studios in Suffolk, England, with a tentative initial release date of 26 June. Over 21 and 22 March the band filmed scenes for a promo video for the song "Right Wing of the Garden Triptych". The shoot was in the hangar and fire station of former U.S. military base of Bentwaters , with additional narrative scenes (featuring actresses in
20148-497: Was included on Evermore Darkly as a teaser for the full release (the Evermore track listing subtitles this version " Midnight in the Labyrinth breadcrumb trail"), and "A Gothic Romance (Red Roses for the Devil's Whore)" was released online via Peaceville's website on 4 April. Sarah Jezebel Deva returned to provide female vocals for Midnight in the Labyrinth ; her first work with Cradle since her departure in 2008. In July 2012,
20294-450: Was located at Sotočje, Tolmin , Slovenia , which lies in between the two mountain rivers called Tolminka and Soča . MetalDays had two festival-reserved beaches and a camping area. As of 2023, the location for MetalDays has moved to Lake Velenje, Velenje , Slovenia . The festival offers a large camping area, with glamping and pre-pitched tent options. The location is easily accessible by train, bus, or car. The lineups for each year are
20440-501: Was not found to be responsible for the teen's death. In 1990, Judas Priest was sued in American court by the parents of two young men who had shot themselves five years earlier, allegedly after hearing the subliminal statement "do it" in the band's cover of the song " Better by You, Better than Me ". While the case attracted a great deal of media attention, it was ultimately dismissed. In 1991, U.K. police seized death metal records from
20586-410: Was often used interchangeably with "heavy metal" and " hard rock ". "Acid rock" generally describes heavy, hard or raw psychedelic rock. Musicologist Steve Waksman stated that "the distinction between acid rock, hard rock, and heavy metal can at some point never be more than tenuous", while percussionist John Beck defined "acid rock" as synonymous with hard rock and heavy metal. Apart from "acid rock",
20732-419: Was one of the earliest terms used to describe this style of music and was applied to acts such as Sabbath and Bloodrock . Classic Rock magazine described the downer rock culture revolving around the use of Quaaludes and the drinking of wine. The term would later be replaced by "heavy metal". Earlier on, as "heavy metal" emerged partially from heavy psychedelic rock, also known as acid rock , "acid rock"
20878-589: Was released on 28 April 2023. Shortly after the release of the live album, the band entered the studio to begin recording their upcoming fourteenth studio album, which was mixed and mastered in July 2024 and scheduled to be released in March 2025. Though generally classified as an extreme metal band, Cradle of Filth's musical style has been described as symphonic metal , symphonic black metal , gothic metal , symphonic death metal , gothic black metal, dark metal, and symphonic gothic metal . Though
21024-435: Was seminal to the development of the later heavy metal sound. The combination of this loud and heavy blues rock with psychedelic rock and acid rock formed much of the original basis for heavy metal. The variant or subgenre of psychedelic rock often known as "acid rock" was particularly influential on heavy metal and its development; acid rock is often defined as a heavier, louder, or harder variant of psychedelic rock, or
21170-540: Was the first DVD-only single to reach the UK's top 40 charts, according to the Guinness Book of Records of British Hit Singles and Albums . Feeling that Sony's enthusiasm quickly palled however, Cradle jumped ship to Roadrunner Records after barely a year. 2004's Nymphetamine was the band's first full album since Dusk...and Her Embrace to not be based around any sort of overarching concept (although references to
21316-413: Was used by certain critics as a virtually automatic putdown. In 1979, lead New York Times popular music critic John Rockwell described what he called "heavy-metal rock" as "brutally aggressive music played mostly for minds clouded by drugs" and, in a different article, as "a crude exaggeration of rock basics that appeals to white teenagers". Coined by Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward , "downer rock"
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