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59-509: "Metalist" Oblast Sports Complex ( Ukrainian : Обласний спортивний комплекс "Металіст" ), which includes the Metalist Stadium ( Ukrainian : Стадіон "Металіст" ), is a multi-use stadium in Kharkiv , Ukraine. It is used chiefly for football matches and is the home stadium of FC Metalist 1925 Kharkiv . The stadium, which was a venue for Euro 2012 , currently seats 40,003 spectators. After FC Metalist Kharkiv financially collapsed in May 2016 professional football temporary disappeared from

118-461: A decree claiming to annex four regions , including Donetsk, as part of Russia . This annexation has been seen by the global community as a breach of international law. Donetsk lies in the steppe landscape, surrounded by scattered woodland , hills, spoil tips , rivers and lakes . The northern outskirts are mainly used for agriculture. The Kalmius River links the city with the Sea of Azov , which

177-614: A few exceptions, Soviet oblasts were named after their administrative centers. In 1922, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was divided into 33 administrative divisions also called oblasts . In 1929, oblasts were replaced with larger administrative units known as banovinas . During the Yugoslav Wars , several Serb Autonomous Oblasts were formed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia . These oblasts were later merged into

236-623: A population of over 985,000 inhabitants in 2009 and over 1,566,000 inhabitants in the metropolitan area in 2004. It was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine. The structure of the Donetsk City Municipality by ethnicity as of the Ukrainian Census of 2001 : Native language of the population of the city of Donetsk: In a 1991 poll one-third of the population identified as Russian , one-third as Ukrainian while

295-773: A referendum on the self-rule was held in Donetsk. The head of the self-proclaimed Donetsk People's Republic election commission, Roman Lyagin, said that almost 90 percent of those who voted in the Donetsk Region endorsed political independence from Kyiv . Ukraine does not recognize the referendum , while the EU and US stated that the polls were illegal. Heavy shelling by the Ukrainian Army and paramilitary units have caused civilian fatalities in Donetsk. Human Rights Watch has called on both warring factions to cease using

354-467: A regional level. In the 1990s and the 2000s, hundreds were killed in coal mine collapses in Donetsk and the region. These included the 2008 Ukraine coal mine collapse , the 2007 Zasyadko mine disaster , and the 2015 Zasyadko mine disaster . Ukraine has had many mining accidents since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, with one reason cited as the linking of miners' pay to production, which

413-619: A total of 125 spoil tips. Donetsk's climate is moderate hot summer continental ( Köppen : Dfa ). The average temperatures are −4.1 °C (25 °F) in January and 21.6 °C (71 °F) in July. The average number of rainfall per year totals 162 days and up to 556 millimetres per year. Starting on 7 April 2014, Donetsk was de facto governed by the Donetsk People's Republic as its capital city. The Donetsk People's Republic

472-405: A total production output of more than 120 billion rubles per year and more than 20,000 medium-small sized organizations. The city's coal mining industry comprises 17 coal mines and two concentrating mills; the metallurgy industry comprises 5 large metallurgical plants located throughout the city; the engineering market comprises 67 organizations, and the food industry — 32 organizations. After

531-627: Is 95 km (59 mi) to the south, and a popular recreational area for those living in Donetsk. A wide belt of farmlands surrounds the city. The city stretches 28 km (17 mi) from north to south and 55 km (34 mi) from east to west. There are 2 nearby reservoirs : Nyzhnekalmius (60 ha ), and the Donetsk Sea (206 ha). 5 rivers flow through the city, including the Kalmius , Asmolivka (13 km), Cherepashkyna (23 km), Skomoroshka and Bakhmutka . The city also contains

590-580: Is an incentive to ignore safety procedures that slow production. In a summit in Moscow in 2008, Donetsk was recognised as the best city in the Commonwealth of Independent States for its implemented development strategies; in 2012 and 2013 Donetsk was recognised as the best place for business in Ukraine . Whilst getting praise for its business potential in 2009, Donetsk also received criticism for

649-616: Is attested by 1779, with the Aleksandrovsky (Oleksandrivska) coal mine  [ ru ; uk ] eventually being opened there. The city of Donetsk was founded in 1869 by Welsh businessman John Hughes , who operated a steel plant and several coal mines at Aleksandrovka. The worker's settlement at the plant merged with Aleksandrovka and the place was named Yuzovo/Yuzove, later Yuzovka/Yuzivka ( Russian : Юзово, Юзовка , Ukrainian : Юзове, Юзівка ), after Hughes. In its early period, it received immigrants from Wales, especially from

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708-546: Is heavily involved with heavy industry , especially coal mining . The city is an important center of heavy industry and coal mines in the Donets Basin ( Donbas ). Directly under the city lie coal mines, which have recently seen an increase in mining accidents , the most recent accident being at the Zasyadko mine , which killed over 100 workers. Donetsk's economy consists of about 200 industrial organizations that have

767-809: Is home to two major professional football clubs: Shakhtar Donetsk , which played at the Donbas Arena prior to 2014 but now plays at NSC Olimpiyskiy , and FC Olimpik Donetsk , which currently plays in Chernihiv Stadium . Until 2021, both played in the Ukraine Premier League , but in 2021, Olimpik was relegated to the Ukrainian First League . Shakhtar Donetsk won the Ukrainian Championship and Ukrainian Cup multiple times, and in 2009 they became

826-618: Is owned by Kurchenko. After having finished the 2015–2016 Ukrainian Premier League season , Metalist Kharkiv ceased operating due to insolvency . In August 2016, Metalist 1925 made the stadium its home ground. Following the winter break of the 2016–17 season , Shakhtar Donetsk moved to the Metalist Stadium (150 miles to the north of Donetsk ) in early 2017. Due to the Russo-Ukrainian War , this club cannot play in its actual home, Donbass Arena . The stadium

885-529: Is the only elite level team in the country. After playing a single season in the Russian Major League , the club upgraded its arena to Kontinental Hockey League regulations, and joined the league in 2012. When moving to the KHL, the club created a local farm club to play in the Ukrainian Championship under the name HC Donbass-2 , which won the 2012 and 2013 national titles. In 2013 Donetsk was hosting

944-531: Is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural Donets Basin ( Donbas ) region. Donetsk is adjacent to another major city, Makiivka , and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl and conurbation in the region. Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of heavy industries and a skilled workforce. The density of heavy industries (predominantly steel production, chemical industry, and coal mining) determined

1003-544: The 2009 UEFA European Under-19 Championship . The stadiums hosting the event on behalf of Donetsk were RSC Olimpiyskiy (which hosted the final) and the Metalurh Stadium . Donetsk is home to the ice hockey club HC Donbass , playing at the Druzhba Arena since 2011 (but discontinuing operations is 2014 and then moving to Druzhkivka in 2015), which won the 2011 Ukrainian Hockey Championship , and which

1062-510: The 2012–13 IIHF Continental Cup ice hockey Super Final, which HC Donbass won, and the 2013 IIHF World Championship Division I – Group B , where Ukraine finished 1st and earned promotion to Group A (both were hosted at the Druzhba Arena ). After the team resumed operations in 2015, it withdrew from the KHL, ultimately ending up in the Ukrainian Hockey League , where it has won four of the last five championships. Donetsk

1121-501: The Arabic language term wilāya ( ولاية ). Donetsk Donetsk ( UK : / d ɒ n ˈ j ɛ t s k / don- YETSK , US : / d ə n -/ dən- ; Ukrainian : Донецьк [doˈnɛtsʲk] ; Russian : Донецк [dɐˈnʲetsk] ), formerly known as Aleksandrovka , Yuzivka (or Hughesovka ), Stalin , and Stalino , is an industrial city in eastern Ukraine located on

1180-463: The Cheka . Since 1967, it has borne its present moniker, Metalist ; in that same year, the capacity of the stadium reached 10,000. Including improvements for Euro 2012, the stadium has undergone four renovations over the course of its history. The first of these took place in the mid-1960s, when the western section of the structure was renovated. The next, begun in 1970 and finished four years later, saw

1239-558: The Kalmius River in Donetsk Oblast , which is currently occupied by Russia as the capital of the Donetsk People's Republic . The population was estimated at 901,645 (2022 estimate) in the city core, with over 2 million in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 census , Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine. Administratively, Donetsk has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it

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1298-621: The Kharkiv City Council asked the Kharkiv Oblast Council to transfer the Metalist Stadium to the municipal ownership of the city. The then new owner of Metalist Serhiy Kurchenko proposed late December 2012 to buy Kharkiv municipal authorities' share in the Metalist Stadium. He did so in August 2013; from then (technically) the stadium owner is Metalist Stadium Sports Complex LLC , which is part of Metalist which

1357-612: The Republic of Serbian Krajina and the Republika Srpska . Since 1999, Bulgaria has been divided into 28 oblasts, usually translated as "provinces". Before, the country was divided into just nine units, also called oblasts. Oblasts are further subdivided into raions ( districts ), ranging in number from 3 to 10 per entity. Viloyat and welaýat are derived from the Turkish language term vilayet , itself derived from

1416-777: The Third Universal . It became a part of Cuman Zemlia , the administrative center of which was Bakhmut . During the First Ukrainian–Soviet War , Yuzivka was captured by the Bolshevik forces on 5 January 1918, but then recaptured by Ukraine in April. Soviet forces captured Yuzivka again during the Second Ukrainian–Soviet War. Donetsk became a part of Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic from its declaration of independence on 12 February 1918. The Republic

1475-470: The fall of the Soviet Union , Donetsk and other neighboring cities of the Donbas suffered heavily, as many factories were closed down and many inhabitants lost their jobs. About 412,000 square metres (4,434,731 sq ft) of living space, 7.9 km (4.9 mi) of gas networks, and 15.1 km (9.4 mi) of water supply networks were constructed in the city during 1998–2001. The city also houses

1534-463: The steel industry . Since April 2014, Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War , as pro-Russian separatist forces battle against Ukrainian military forces for control of the city and surrounding areas. Throughout the war, the city of Donetsk has been administered by the pro-Russian separatist forces as the center of the Donetsk People's Republic (DPR), with outlying territories of

1593-466: The "Donetsk" special economic zone . Donetsk currently has nine sister cities . The German city of Magdeburg had economic partnerships with Donetsk during 1962–1996. In 2012, Donetsk was rated the best city for business in Ukraine by Forbes . Donetsk topped the rating in five indicators: human capital , the purchasing power of citizens, investment situation, economic stability , as well as infrastructure and comfort . The shopping areas in

1652-499: The Donetsk region divided between the two sides. Donetsk International Airport became the epicenter of the war in 2014 with almost a year-long battle. As of October 2022 , Russia has full control of the city, with Ukrainian and Russian forces still in combat near the city. One of the early mining settlements in the territory of Donetsk was Alexandrovka (Oleksandrivka)  [ ru ; uk ] . The existence of Aleksandrovskaya (Oleksandrivska) Cossack sloboda in its place

1711-596: The Soviet Union electrification program under the GOELRO plan , Ivan Alexandrov , as director of the Regionalisation Committee of Gosplan , divided the Soviet Union into thirteen European and eight Asiatic oblasts, using rational economic planning rather than "the vestiges of lost sovereign rights". The names of oblasts did not usually correspond to the names of the respective historical regions, as they were created as purely administrative units. With

1770-506: The UEFA standards for stadiums of "Elite" category. When the joint bid for the UEFA Euro 2012 was won by Poland and Ukraine , Donetsk's Donbas Arena was chosen as the location for three Group D matches, one quarter-final match, and one semi-final match. The RSK Olimpiyskyi Stadium was chosen as a reserve stadium. Donetsk, together with the nearby Mariupol , were the host towns of

1829-602: The United Nations still overwhelmingly considered the areas to be Ukrainian, with only Syria , North Korea , and Russia itself considering them to be Russian. The territory of Donetsk is divided into 9 administrative districts , whose local government is administered by district councils , which are subordinate to the Donetsk City Council. See article: Russians in Ukraine Donetsk had

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1888-465: The addition of the north and south stands, raising capacity to 30,000. The architect for the project was Yu. Tabakova. Also added were the stadium's first roof and drainage system, as well as floodlighting, an information panel, and a hotel, located under the north stand and gymnasium. A third renovation was begun in 1979 to renovate the East and South stands but was completed only three decades later. After

1947-406: The city include the enclosed shopping mall Donetsk City . Donetsk is a large sports center, has a developed infrastructure, and has repeatedly held international competitions – Davis Cup , UEFA Champions League . Representatives of the city are state leaders sports such as football, hockey, basketball, boxing, tennis, athletics and others. The most popular sport in Donetsk is football . Donetsk

2006-490: The city was briefly called Trotsk—after Leon Trotsky —for a few months in late 1923. At the start of World War II , the population of Stalino was 507,000. After the war, the population was 175,000. The invasion by Nazi Germany almost completely destroyed the city. It was occupied by German and Italian forces as part of the Reichskommissariat Ukraine between 16 October 1941 and 5 September 1943. It

2065-769: The city was renamed Donetsk, after the Seversky Donets River, a tributary of the Don in order to distance it from the former leader Joseph Stalin . In 1965, the Donetsk Academy of Sciences was established as part of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR . After the declaration of independence made by the Ukrainian parliament on 24 August 1991 the 1991 Ukrainian independence referendum

2124-699: The city's challenging ecological situation. In 2012, a UN report ranked Donetsk among the world's fastest depopulating cities. The original settlement in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, during the reign of the Empress Catherine the Great . In 1869, the Welsh businessman John Hughes founded a steel plant and several coal mines in

2183-400: The country. The city used to be the home of few notable at the time yet now defunct clubs. The MFC Shakhtar Donetsk club won the Ukrainian futsal championship five times, but was dissolved in January 2011 midway through the season due to financial problems (at the time – the most titled club in Ukraine ). One of the top Soviet volleyball teams at the time, VC Shakhtar Donetsk , who were

2242-524: The demolition of the South Stand in that year, construction was halted indefinitely, resuming only in 1998 after a delay of nearly twenty years. A new East Stand and a partially reconstructed South Stand were erected. Metalist's fourth set of renovations was ordered in preparation for Euro 2012. The South Stand was completed and a completely new East Stand was built. Roof replacement, other general modernizations and aesthetic improvements were completed by

2301-439: The end of 2009. On 5 December 2009, the renovated stadium was officially opened on the 50th birthday of Metalist Kharkiv 's President, Oleksandr Yaroslavsky . The South Stand contains a three-story shopping mall – business center "Metalist-Arena". The offices are rented here by UkrSibbank , several local businesses, and other banks. There is a pharmacy, a medical office, tour agencies, and other businesses. On 19 December 2010,

2360-759: The last team to win the Soviet Volleyball Championship , in 1992. The team also won the first two championships in the independent Ukraine league, in 1992 and 1993 (the 1992 Ukraine championship was held in Donetsk), and won the Ukraine Cup in 1993, but after having financial issues, the club was relegated in 1997, and after one season in the second tear it was shut down. Donetsk hosted the USSR Tennis Championship in 1978, 1979 and 1980, and hosted some tennis matches of

2419-538: The main government building, in Donetsk. The police did not offer resistance. Later in the week the authorities of Donetsk disallowed a referendum on the status of the region and the police retook the Donetsk OSA building. Donetsk became one of the centers of the 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine . On 7 April 2014, pro-Russian activists seized control of Donetsk OSA and declared the " Donetsk People's Republic ", asking for Russian intervention. On 11 May 2014,

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2478-464: The majority of the rest declared themselves Slavs . Smaller minorities include in particular ethnic groups from the South Caucasus and northeast Anatolia region, including Armenians , Azerbaijanis , Georgians , and Pontic Greeks (including those defined as Caucasus Greeks ). Donetsk and the surrounding territories are heavily urbanised and agglomerated into conurbation. The workforce

2537-498: The next year, 80,085. In 1929–31 the city's name was changed to Stalino. The city did not have a drinking water system until 1931, when a 55.3 km (34.4 mi) system was laid underground. In July 1933, the city became the administrative center of the Donetsk Oblast of the Ukrainian SSR . In 1933, the first 12 km (7 mi) sewer system was installed, and the use of gas began the next year. Some sources state that

2596-802: The ongoing conflict in the country. Instead of Donetsk, the tournament was organized in Kraków , Poland. Eventually, Ukraine co-organized 2017 IIHF World Championship Division I , again Group A, but in its capital, Kyiv . Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the area around Donetsk has seen full-scale fighting between Ukrainian forces against Russian forces and their DNR counterparts. Russian-installed local officials have repeatedly accused Ukrainian armed forces of shelling Donetsk. On 30 September 2022, Russian President Vladimir Putin signed

2655-523: The periphery of the country (e.g. Kars Oblast or Transcaspian Oblast ) or covered the areas where Cossacks lived. In the Soviet Union , oblasts were one of the types of administrative divisions of the union republics . As any administrative units of this level, oblasts were composed of districts ( raions ) and cities/towns directly under oblasts' jurisdiction. Some oblasts also included autonomous entities called autonomous okrugs . Because of

2714-557: The prefix oб- (cognate with Classical Latin ob 'towards, against' and Ancient Greek ἐπί/ἔπι epi 'in power, in charge') and the stem власть vlastǐ 'power, rule'. In Old East Slavic, it was used alongside оболость obolostǐ —the equivalent of об- 'against' and волость 'territory, state, power' (cognate with English 'wield'; see volost ). In the Russian Empire , oblasts were considered to be administrative units and were included as parts of Governorates General or krais . The majority of then-existing oblasts were on

2773-431: The region, and the town was named Hughesovka or Yuzovka (Юзовка) in recognition of his role ("Yuz" being a Russian-language approximation of Hughes ). During Soviet times, the city's steel industry expanded. In 1924, Yuzovka was renamed Stalin. In 1929, Stalin was renamed Stalino, and in 1932, the city became the centre of the Donetsk region. Renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains a centre for coal mining and for

2832-639: The second team from Ukraine (after FC Dynamo Kyiv ) to win a European competition, the UEFA Cup . Donetsk was also home to the women's football club WFC Donchanka , one of the most successful clubs in the history of the Ukrainian Women's League , but it ceased operations in 2014. Donetsk is home to the football stadium Donbas Arena , which was opened in 2009. It became the first stadium in Eastern Europe designed and constructed according to

2891-614: The stadium. In August 2016, Metalist 1925 Kharkiv made the stadium its home stadium. Shakhtar Donetsk followed suit in February 2017. Construction on the stadium began in 1925 by order of Anastas Mikoyan and a decision of the Kharkiv Raion League of Steel Workers (Metalists). Opened on 12 September 1926, the new stadium was known as Traktor , as it was then being built by workers of the Kharkiv Lokomotive Factory (today Malyshev Factory ). The stadium

2950-566: The strong mafia connection of its growing oligarchy, and for an increasing poverty rate. Some analysts warned of a long-term collapse of the Donetsk economy; and that it could share Detroit 's gloomy fate, due to its failure to combat crime and poverty. After President Viktor Yanukovych fled Ukraine to seek asylum in Russia, Russian-backed separatists took over the Regional State Administration Building ,

3009-521: The town of Merthyr Tydfil . By the beginning of the 20th century, Yuzovka had approximately 50,000 inhabitants, and attained the status of a city in 1917. The main district of Yuzovka is named English Colony, and the British origin of the city is reflected in its layout and architecture. When the Russian Civil War broke out, Yuzivka became a part of Ukrainian People's Republic as per

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3068-419: The unguided BM-21 Grad missiles in populated areas, and has said the use of these weapons systems was a violation of international humanitarian laws and could constitute a war crime . It also called on the insurgents to avoid their deployment in densely populated areas. The 2015 IIHF World Championship Division I , Group A was scheduled for 18 to 24 April 2015 in Donetsk, but Ukraine withdrew as hosts due to

3127-552: Was also home to the basketball club BC Donetsk , which played in the Ukrainian Basketball Super League , and won the 2012 champion title. The club played at the Druzhba Arena , and Donetsk had been chosen as one of the 6 Ukrainian cities to host the FIBA EuroBasket 2015 . However, the club discontinued play after 2014 due to the ongoing war, and the 2015 FIBA tournament had to be moved out of

3186-462: Was at that time not recognized internationally , and all UN member states recognized the city as Ukrainian. However, in February 2022, Russia recognized the DPR and the neighboring Luhansk People's Republic as sovereign states, and later that year officially annexed them (along with various other parts of Ukraine that were then at least partially under Russian military occupation). The member states of

3245-472: Was built on territory of an old Holy Spirit cemetery that was active in 1772–1854 and was officially closed by the Russian Holy Synod at the end of the 19th century. On the moment of opening, it was the biggest stadium in the city, until 1931, when Dynamo Stadium was built. Prior to World War II , the facility was renamed Dzerzhynets Stadium in honor of Felix Dzerzhinsky , the first head of

3304-607: Was disbanded at the 2nd All-Ukrainian Congress of Soviets on 20 March 1918, when the independence of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic was declared. It failed to achieve recognition, either internationally or by the Russian SFSR , and was abolished under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk . In 1924, under Soviet rule , the city's name was changed to Stalin. In that year, the city's population totaled 63,708, and in

3363-541: Was held on 1 December 1991. In this referendum 83.90% of Donetsk's voters voted in favour of independence. After experiencing a tough time in the 1990s, when it was the center of gang wars for control over industrial enterprises, Donetsk modernised quickly, largely under the influence of big companies. In 1994 a consultative referendum was held in Donetsk Oblast and Luhansk Oblast , with around 90% supporting recognition of Russian as an official language alongside Ukrainian , and for Russian to be an official language on

3422-511: Was mostly rebuilt on a large scale after the war. In 1945, young men and women aged 17 to 35, from the Danube Swabian (Schwowe) communities of Yugoslavia , Hungary and Romania (the Batschka and Banat ), were forcibly sent to Russia as Allied "war reparations", being put to work as slave labour to rebuild Stalino and to work in its mines. The conditions were so poor that many died from disease and malnutrition. During Nikita Khrushchev 's second wave of destalinization in November 1961,

3481-502: Was one of the venues for the UEFA Euro 2012 . The three group B matches involving Netherlands were played there (with the other matches in that group played at Arena Lviv ). The following matches were played at the stadium during UEFA Euro 2012: Oblast The term oblast is borrowed from Russian область ( pronounced [ˈobɫəsʲtʲ] ), where it is inherited from Old East Slavic , in turn borrowed from Church Slavonic область oblastĭ 'power, empire', formed from

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