141-576: Metropolitan Club may refer to: Metropolitan Club (New York City) , a private social club in Manhattan, New York, United States Metropolitan Club (San Francisco) , a women's club in San Francisco, California, United States Metropolitan Club (Washington, D.C.) , a private club in Washington, D.C., United States New York Metropolitans ,
282-457: A hung jury , and the jury in the second trial found him not guilty by reason of insanity . Few friends or associates publicly defended White, as some feared possible exposure for having participated in White's secret life. McKim responded to inquiries saying, "There is no statement to make...There will be no information coming from us." Richard Harding Davis , a war correspondent and reputedly
423-472: A 19th-century professional baseball team that played in Manhattan, New York, United States See also [ edit ] Metropolitan Golf Club , a golf club in Oakleigh South, Victoria, Australia Metropolitan Opera Club , a private supper club in Manhattan, New York, United States Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with
564-474: A balcony surrounding the upper portion of the Great Hall. On the rear wing's second floor is the library, which has a curved wall facing the courtyard. This library has oak bookcases along the lower half of the walls, while the upper half is covered with brown-and-gold leather. At the center of the ceiling is a long, oval skylight with pale yellow, pink, and white panels. The skylight is surrounded by
705-486: A beautiful woman as he admired every other beautiful thing God has given us; and his delight over one was as keen, as boyish, as grateful over any others. The autopsy report, made public by the coroner's testimony at the Thaw trial, revealed that White was in poor health when killed. He suffered from Bright's disease , incipient tuberculosis , and severe liver deterioration. White's extensive professional correspondence and
846-463: A consequence, income from dues increased 30%. By the mid-1970s, the Metropolitan had only 434 regular members, although this count did not include junior, non-resident, or guest members. Braden stepped down as the president in 1973 and was replaced by Peter Hilton, the latter of whom died a year later. The Canadian Club of New York became a Metropolitan Club affiliate in 1974 and moved into
987-468: A dining room, a breakfast room, a smoking room, three private dining rooms, an anteroom, and service rooms. A barrel-vaulted hall led to the dining rooms. The main dining room to the west was decorated in the Louis XIV style, with walls painted in a white, pink, and yellow palette. The paneling on the main dining room's walls contained reliefs with depictions of Cupid, fruits, and other decorations, while
1128-534: A floorplan. He could express the mood of a building he was designing. Many of White's Long Island mansions have survived. Harbor Hill was demolished in 1947, originally set on 688 acres (2.78 km ) in Roslyn . These houses can be classified as three types, depending on their locations: Gold Coast chateaux along the wealthiest tier, mostly in Nassau County; neo-Colonial structures, especially those in
1269-457: A four-story structure, it rises 104 feet (32 m) above street level. This is because each story's ceilings are about 25 feet (7.6 m) high, twice as high as normal buildings. The main entrance was placed on 60th Street, allowing the club to place its rooms along the entire Fifth Avenue frontage, facing Central Park. There is a courtyard to the east of the original building, which measures 55 by 60 feet (17 by 18 m) across. Behind
1410-409: A gilded coved ceiling with escutcheons , as well as irregularly shaped light-blue panels with Cupid motifs, both designed by Edward Simmons. There is also a fireplace, topped by a relief of an open book. The library had various local, national, and international newspapers when the clubhouse opened. The rooms on the third floor were intended for "reading and correspondence". The third floor had
1551-594: A guest never bumped into a laundress with a basket of bed linens. Bedrooms were characteristically separated from hallways by a dressing-room foyer lined with closets, so that an inner door and an outer door gave superb privacy. One of the few surviving urban residences designed by White is the Ross R. Winans Mansion in Baltimore 's Mount Vernon-Belvedere neighborhood. It is now used as the headquarters for Agora, Inc. Built in 1882 for Ross R. Winans, heir to Ross Winans ,
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#17327661657261692-457: A liquor license. The southern ground-level lounge was converted into a bar, and the club also began allowing women to eat dinner in the main clubhouse. Roosevelt resigned in January 1934, and Ambrose D. Henry became the club's sixth president, although he served in this role for less than a year. At the time, the club had 934 members. That February, the club's financial difficulties prompted
1833-488: A long waiting list and several offshoot clubs. Each prospective member's application had to be sponsored by an existing member and reviewed by the Union Club's board of governors. By the 1870s, the board of governors frequently blackballed , or rejected, several prominent figures' membership applications on spurious grounds. Local newspapers published the names of blackballed applicants, resulting in humiliation for both
1974-498: A name, and they considered names such as "Millionaires' Club", "Park Club", and "the Spectators". The Metropolitan Club was formed on March 7, 1891. J. P. Morgan was elected as the club's first president, and the founders planned to invite 1,200 resident members and 500 non-resident members. Annual dues were set at $ 100 for resident members and $ 50 for non-resident members, in addition to a flat initiation fee of $ 300. When
2115-532: A parcel measuring 100 by 200 feet (30 by 61 m) after initially contemplating a smaller site. The Metropolitan obtained the site at 60th Street in May 1891 paying $ 480,000. The club offered $ 100,000 in cash and taking a mortgage loan of $ 380,000 from the Hamersley estate's trustees. Each of the club's 25 founders pledged $ 5,000, and they also planned to charge 1,200 members a $ 300 initiation fee, to pay for
2256-605: A performance at Madison Square Garden, Stanford White was shot from behind [by] a crazed profligate whose great wealth was used to besmirch his victim's memory during the series of notorious trials that ensued." (In fact, White was shot in the face, from directly in front of him, not from behind.) White was buried in St. James, New York , in Suffolk County. Following the killing, there was blanket press coverage, as well as editorial speculation and gossip. Journalistic interest in
2397-463: A small body of personal correspondence, photographs, and architectural drawings by White are held by the Department of Drawings & Archives of Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University . His letters to his family have been edited by Claire Nicolas White , Stanford White: Letters to His Family 1997. The major archive for his firm, McKim, Mead & White , is held by
2538-500: A subway entrance next to the clubhouse but ultimately agreed to give the BRT an easement to build the subway entrance. The subway station opened in 1919. Meanwhile, the onset of World War I barely affected membership numbers. From the beginning of 1914 to the end of 1919, membership declined by just one, to 1,370. The club waived annual fees for members who fought in the war. The Metropolitan's board of governors voted in 1917 to endorse
2679-423: A tall, flamboyant man with red hair and a red mustache, impressed some as witty, kind, and generous. The newspapers frequently described him as "masterful", "intense", "burly yet boyish". He was a collector of rare and costly artwork and antiquities. He maintained a multi-story apartment with a rear entrance on 24th Street in Manhattan. One room was painted green and outfitted with a red velvet swing, which hung from
2820-415: Is rusticated . The windows on the first story are larger than those above. A string course runs horizontally above the first floor, at the same level as the top of the courtyard's colonnade. The upper stories are composed of stone blocks with tight joints . At each corner of the facade above the first story are vertical bands of quoins . The second and third stories have more ornate frames than
2961-696: Is a private social club on the Upper East Side of Manhattan in New York City , United States. It was founded as a gentlemen's club in March 1891 by a group of wealthy New Yorkers led by the financier John Pierpont Morgan . The clubhouse at Fifth Avenue and 60th Street was designed by McKim, Mead & White and is a New York City designated landmark . The club is controlled by a 25-member board of governors. Initially, only men could become members, though women were given membership privileges in
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#17327661657263102-473: Is decorated with three paintings designed by Cuel, while the walls have reliefs of Renaissance figures. The smaller south lounge measures about 30 by 55 feet (9.1 by 16.8 m). Above these rooms was the Strangers' Wing, a mezzanine with a dining room and reception room for non-members; this was accessed by a separate entrance next to the main entrance vestibule. In 1990, a ladies' lounge was built next to
3243-498: Is divided vertically into seven bays , while the Fifth Avenue elevation is narrower, with five bays. Unlike contemporary clubhouses, the facade does not use any circular or arched motifs. Instead, horizontal courses and balconies are used to emphasize the horizontal lines on the facade. The exterior details are similar to those used in the now-demolished Marble Row three blocks south. The facade's ground, or first, story
3384-551: Is illuminated by five stained-glass windows on its northern end. There were a lobby, office, and waiting room to the left (south) of the vestibule and a hat room to the right (north) of the Great Hall. There are also two lounges adjoining the main hall to the south and west. These spaces are decorated in the Louis XIV and Louis XV styles , with paintings, reliefs, upholstery, and red carpets. The main lounge measures 40 by 85 feet (12 by 26 m). The main lounge's ceiling
3525-502: Is known as the Presidents' Ballroom, while the private dining rooms to the east have been combined into the J. P. Morgan Room. Two additional rooms to the south, originally the breakfast and smoking rooms, are known as the L. P. Morton and F. K. Sturgis rooms. The original main dining room is generally open only for special events. There were servants' bedrooms on a mezzanine above the private dining rooms. The attic ceilings were
3666-570: Is made of marble with iron handrails. The Great Hall is decorated in the Italian Renaissance style with a palette of dark red and gold. The Great Hall has marble columns and walls, in addition to a marble floor with a checkerboard pattern . The hall has blue marble pillars with gilded-bronze capitals , which supported a coffered carved-wood ceiling decorated in red, gold, and blue. The space also has ornate decorative reliefs and white-marble doorways and mantelpiece . The hall
3807-667: Is the structure for which White should be best remembered. White was director of the Washington Centennial celebration. His temporary triumphal arch was so popular, that money was raised to construct a permanent version. Elsewhere in New York City, White designed the Villard Houses (1884), the second Madison Square Garden (1890, demolished in 1925), the Cable Building at 611 Broadway (1893),
3948-512: The Atlantic Yacht Club , built in 1894 overlooking Gravesend Bay , burned down in 1934. Sons of society families resided in White's St. Anthony Hall Chapter House at Williams College ; the building is now used for college offices. In the division of projects within the firm, the sociable and gregarious White landed the most commissions for private houses. His fluent draftsmanship helped persuade clients who were not attuned to
4089-613: The Great Depression that year prompted large numbers of members to resign, as many members had lost their wealth in the Wall Street Crash of 1929 . The club's board voted in 1933 to borrow $ 200,000; by then, the club was recording a $ 50,000 annual deficit, and real-estate taxes had tripled compared to before World War I. With the repeal of Prohibition that year, the club applied to the New York state government for
4230-741: The Lambs Club Building , the Century Club , Madison Square Presbyterian Church , as well as the Gould Memorial Library (1900), built for New York University 's Bronx campus but now part of Bronx Community College . It is also the site of the Hall of Fame for Great Americans . White designed churches, residential estates, and other major works beyond New York City, such as: White designed several clubhouses that became centers for New York society, and which still stand:
4371-758: The baldechin (1888 to mid-1890s) and altars of Blessed Virgin and St. Joseph (both completed in 1905) at St. Paul the Apostle Church , the New York Herald Building (1894; demolished 1921), and the IRT Powerhouse on 11th Avenue and 58th Street. White also designed the Bowery Savings Bank Building at the intersection of the Bowery and Grand Street (1894), Judson Memorial Church on Washington Square,
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4512-502: The 13th president. Richard H. West took over as the club's 15th president in 1960 after Reid resigned. By then, the New York Daily News reported that the Metropolitan's members were on average 65 years old. The city and national governments began charging taxes on the Metropolitan's membership dues in 1961, though the federal tax was repealed four years later. The next year, the club's board voted to retain control over
4653-492: The 1990s. A main dining room, with terraces surrounding it, is located on the roof. Stanford White Stanford White (November 9, 1853 – June 25, 1906) was an American architect and a partner in the architectural firm McKim, Mead & White , one of the most significant Beaux-Arts firms at the turn of the 20th century. White designed many houses for the wealthy, in addition to numerous civic, institutional and religious buildings. His temporary Washington Square Arch
4794-642: The Century, Colony , Harmonie , Lambs , Metropolitan , and The Players clubs. He designed two golf clubhouses. His Shinnecock Hills Golf Clubhouse design in Suffolk County on the South Shore is said to be the oldest golf clubhouse in the United States, and has been designated as a golf landmark. Palmetto Golf Club in Aiken, South Carolina boasts the second. It was completed in 1902. His clubhouse for
4935-467: The Death of a Dog". The Nation reconsidered his architectural work: "He adorned many an American mansion with irrelevant plunder." Newspaper accounts drew from the trial transcripts to describe White as "a sybarite of debauchery, a man who abandoned lofty enterprises for vicious revels". Ultimately, Thaw was tried for murder twice for the shooting of White. The first trial ended with a mistrial due to
5076-427: The Fifth Avenue facade, which were demolished when Fifth Avenue was widened. The eastern courtyard is placed behind a three-bay-wide colonnade with a central carriageway flanked by two pedestrian entrances. This colonnade is 34 feet (10 m) tall and consists of pairs of marble columns supporting an entablature . There was originally a third column in front of each pair, but they were removed when 60th Street
5217-475: The First National Bank of Jersey City and unsuccessful Democratic candidate for New Jersey Governor in 1892. He built the house in 1901, as a golden wedding anniversary gift for Young's wife Harriet. In 1929, the house was sold to Victor and Edmund Wisner, who ran it as a rooming house for summer vacationers. In the 1960s, it was a fraternity house for the then Monmouth College. From 1972 to 1976, it
5358-468: The Metropolitan Club sued the neighboring Hotel Pierre, claiming that the hotel's operators had caused $ 450,000 worth of damage to the clubhouse during a renovation of the hotel. The club's members claimed that debris from the hotel had been falling onto the clubhouse for four years. The site has a frontage of 100 feet (30 m) on Fifth Avenue and 200 feet (61 m) on 60th Street, at
5499-525: The Metropolitan clubhouse should be preserved as an official city landmark. The LPC granted the designation on September 11, 1979. An anonymous member donated $ 6,000 in 1980 to restore the Great Hall's stained-glass windows. By the next year, the club had 484 life members and regular members; including limited-membership categories, the club had 2,367 total members. The membership, once composed of white men, included numerous women and South Americans. After Hamilton died in 1982, William Dawes Miller became
5640-508: The Metropolitan's clubhouse, occupying the former ladies' dining rooms. The Metropolitan also established membership classes for members of the Canadian Club and for women. By then, few people visited the clubhouse during the evening; the partnership with the Canadian Club helped the Metropolitan pay off taxes and other expenses. Alger B. Chapman was appointed as the Metropolitan's 18th president in 1974, serving for three years; he
5781-529: The Metropolitan's seventh president in 1935, and membership had increased to 1,120 within a year. The club offered memberships to widows, and it admitted dozens of members of the defunct Calumet Club. The club celebrated its 50th anniversary in 1941 with a dinner at the Everglades Club in Florida. At the time, the club had five surviving charter members, who had joined when the club was formed. By
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5922-557: The Millionaires' Club, as most of its earliest members were millionaires. The new club's members opened a temporary office at the Madison Square Bank Building, at the intersection of Fifth Avenue, 23rd Street, and Broadway. They sent out invitations to 1,000 wealthy New Yorkers, nearly half of whom had responded by April. Membership lagged after the club had signed on 650 members. There were fears that
6063-826: The Seaman-Brush House (1900), now the Stanton House Inn, operated as a bed and breakfast. In New York's Hudson Valley , he designed the 1896 Mills Mansion in Staatsburg . Among his "cottages" in Newport, Rhode Island , at Rosecliff (1898–1902, designed for Mrs. Hermann Oelrichs ) he adapted Mansart 's Grand Trianon . The mansion was built for large receptions, dinners, and dances with spatial planning and well-contrived dramatic internal views en filade . His "informal" shingled cottages usually featured double corridors for separate circulation, so that
6204-726: The Stanford White frame, still bears his name today. Outgoing and social, he had a large circle of friends and acquaintances, many of whom became clients. White had a major influence in the Shingle Style of the 1880s, Neo-Colonial style, and the Newport cottages for which he is celebrated. He designed and decorated Fifth Avenue mansions for the Astors , the Vanderbilts (in 1905), and other high society families. White,
6345-538: The Union Club, including members of the Goelet , Iselin, Roosevelt , and Vanderbilt families. Morgan's friend William Watts Sherman drafted a constitution for a new club and invited 25 Gilded Age moguls to serve as co-founders. Sherman and many of the invitees attended a dinner at the Knickerbocker Club on February 20, 1891, to discuss the formation of Morgan's club. The founders next had to decide on
6486-426: The alley, and they rebuilt the roof to accommodate the new spaces. Workers also upgraded the existing clubhouse to bring it in line with modern building codes; for instance, the club widened the building's original staircases. The project experienced delays and budget overruns after workers discovered damage on the roof. The new main dining room on the roof opened in 2007, and food sales at the clubhouse doubled after
6627-409: The applicant and their sponsor. The Union Club blackballed two high-profile applicants in 1890: Erie Railroad president John King, who was sponsored by J. P. Morgan , and physician William Seward Webb , who was sponsored by William K. Vanderbilt . Morgan decided to form the Metropolitan Club after the Union Club failed to accept King and Webb. He was soon joined by other displeased members of
6768-419: The bar increased tenfold, from $ 12.50 to $ 135. The club had 1,200 to 1,300 members by the middle of the decade, of which about 1,000 were resident members. Its roof garden was also popular during the summertime. John McGowan, who owned the neighboring building at 11 East 60th Street, offered to sell the building to the club in 1905, but he withdrew his offer after the Metropolitan presented a counter-offer that
6909-411: The board of governors to consider merging with "some club of similar standing", although the rest of the members rejected the plan. The club's board also contemplated issuing bonds or levying an assessment on members, and it ultimately asked each member to contribute $ 50. Later the same year, the board suspended initiation fees until it could attract at least 250 more members. William A. Barber became
7050-442: The building's construction further, and the final architectural details were not added until February 1894. The clubhouse ultimately cost $ 1 million, excluding furnishings and decorations. Including these additional costs, the club spent a total of $ 1,777,480 on its clubhouse. The Metropolitan initially planned to raise money through initiation fees and by renting out the bedrooms in the clubhouse's attic. By early February 1894,
7191-590: The building, amid proposals to replace the clubhouse with a tower or sell it to the Russian government for use as a consulate. To pay for further improvements to the building, the club began asking its members in 1962 to contribute between $ 24 and $ 120 a year. Over the next two decades, the club earned $ 42,000 to $ 118,771 per year from these contributions. In addition, individual donors provided between $ 1,000 and $ 10,000 for various restoration projects. However, these projects were usually small in scope and did not involve
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#17327661657267332-403: The ceiling suspended by ivy-twined ropes. It has been suggested,without any substantiated proof, that he may have used playing with the elaborate swing as a means to attract women, including Evelyn Nesbit , a popular photographer's fashion model and chorus dancer. After White was killed and the newspapers began to investigate his life, continuing through the trial of Thaw, it was suggested that
7473-531: The city. Other members of the group included Henry Poor , a financier; James Lawrence Breese, a wealthy man-about-town with an avocational interest in photography; Charles MacDonald, a stockbroker and principal shareholder in the Southern Pacific Railroad ; and Thomas Clarke , a dealer in antiques. Mark Twain , who was acquainted with White, included an evaluation of his character in his Autobiography . It reflected Twain's deep immersion in
7614-424: The club also raised the annual dues the next year. The club began to modernize its building in the 1940s, replacing its hydraulic elevators, electrical systems, and furniture. Despite narrowly avoiding bankruptcy, the club continued to experience financial issues, and James had to refinance the club's loan in 1947 because of lower-than-expected bond sales. James stepped down as the club's president in 1951, and he
7755-449: The club did record a net profit but only because of contributions from the governors. The Metropolitan recorded increasing profits from the bar and restaurant by 1898, and it also relaxed its rules for non-members. The next year, the board of governors contemplated charging each member $ 50 to cover the increasing deficits. Existing members were not visiting the clubhouse frequently because they were attending events elsewhere. The club
7896-493: The club had 1,000 members; contrary to the club's common nickname, Millionaires' Club, not all of the members were millionaires. The first official event at the clubhouse took place February 20, 1894, when the board of governors ate dinner in the strangers' dining room. The Metropolitan hosted a public preview of the clubhouse at the end of February 1894, and the clubhouse officially opened two days later on March 1. Several thousand people attended its first reception. None of
8037-606: The club had attracted 1,000 members when the building was completed in February 1894. In its first few decades, the club hosted a variety of high-society events but also experienced financial shortfalls. The club acquired a neighboring house in 1912, and its membership increased to a high of 1,436 by the late 1920s. With the onset of the Great Depression, half the members had left by 1945, when the club narrowly avoided bankruptcy. The Metropolitan modernized its clubhouse over
8178-593: The club members' names had been publicized at the time. The club's finance and building committee disbanded in April 1894 with a surplus of $ 122,519. Two months after the clubhouse had opened, the New York Evening World wrote that many of the club's existing members shunned the clubhouse; for example, the dining room rarely had more than eight people, even though it could seat a thousand. The club's executive committee had hired several staff members by
8319-411: The club to earn a small profit in 1924 and repay the clubhouse's mortgage the next year. The Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York also lent the club $ 1.5 million in 1925. Sturgis resigned as the Metropolitan's president in 1926, and the club appointed Newbold Morris as its fourth president after a months-long search. The next year, the clubhouse was slightly damaged in a fire. The operators of
8460-423: The club would not be profitable because of its uptown location. The founders wished to build a clubhouse near Central Park , which would both serve the uptown crowd and be larger than the Union Club's existing building. The club began planning a clubhouse on a site at Fifth Avenue and 60th Street owned by Louis Carré Hamersley and his wife Lily Churchill . The Hamersley family had owned the site since 1853, and
8601-520: The club's 20th president in 1984 and began replacing the club's management team. The Metropolitan implemented stricter financial safeguards after discovering that large amounts of food and drink could not be accounted for. To raise money for the clubhouse's maintenance, the Metropolitan created the One East Sixtieth Street Historical Foundation, a tax-exempt nonprofit organization , in 1985. Each member
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#17327661657268742-412: The club's budget shortfalls. At the time, the clubhouse was valued at $ 2.2 million for tax purposes. After a failed attempt to increase membership fees in 1922, the board appointed a committee to discuss proposals for the club's future. One such proposal called for the Metropolitan to merge with the Union Club, though this idea was rejected. Meanwhile, the club's revenue and membership declined, since it
8883-409: The club's demands. By that September, the club had 700 members, although it had not yet decided on a design for the building. Goelet submitted preliminary plans for the clubhouse to the city's building department the same month. Although there was a tentative agreement on the interior design, the board of governors and the architects continued to discuss the facade's design, including the location of
9024-466: The club, local groups and preservationists objected to the plan on aesthetic grounds. The proposal needed approval from the LPC, but the agency rejected the proposed tower in late 1987, saying that the plan would negatively affect the clubhouse's structural integrity. After the tower was canceled, the Metropolitan Club started cleaning the clubhouse's facade in 1988 for more than $ 1 million. Frank Matero
9165-443: The club. Curran, who had been advocating to sell the clubhouse, resigned as the club's president in March 1945, and several of his allies also resigned their membership. Curran's successor, Lee Warren James , devised a plan to pay off Mutual Life. That May, the Metropolitan announced that it would sell $ 1.8 million in bonds to pay for upgrades to the clubhouse, thus narrowly avoiding bankruptcy. Due to slower-than-expected bond sales,
9306-405: The clubhouse if the club could not pay off the mortgage loan. The board of governors considered several plans to reorganize the club in early 1945, including selling the clubhouse. The members contemplated acquiring Gladys Szechenyi 's house at 1 East 67th Street, but they ultimately decided to keep the clubhouse and raise money to pay off debts, renovate the clubhouse, and provide capital for
9447-506: The clubhouse into 11 East 60th Street's rear yard, and he removed that building's entrance stoop . In addition, the club borrowed $ 25,000 at the end of 1912 to pay for additional events at the clubhouse. Simultaneously, the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company (BRT) was planning to build a New York City Subway station at Fifth Avenue–59th Street , next to the clubhouse. The Metropolitan's members initially opposed
9588-400: The clubhouse may have been patterned after various Italian palazzi , as well as palazzo -style English clubhouses. The east wing, erected in 1912, was designed by Ogden Codman Jr. The original clubhouse measures 142 by 90 feet (43 by 27 m), with the longer dimension on 60th Street, and has a rear wing measuring 55 by 40 feet (17 by 12 m). Though the original building is
9729-443: The clubhouse to a new board of trustees. Morton remained the club's president until November 1911, when Frank K. Sturgis took over as the Metropolitan's third president. The Metropolitan bought the house at 11 East 60th Street from McGowan the same month. J.P. Morgan & Co. provided $ 165,000 to finance the club's acquisition of 11 East 60th Street, and the club hired Ogden Codman Jr. to renovate that house. Codman expanded
9870-404: The clubhouse would "place the Metropolitan at the very head of the club procession". McKim, Mead & White hired David H. King Jr . as the general contractor, and Morgan was heavily involved with many aspects of the design, including such minute details as the carpets. Work was delayed in mid-1892 when laborers went on strike. The new clubhouse was almost complete by early 1893. By then,
10011-528: The clubhouse's air rights to the Park Tower Realty Corporation for $ 17 million, and Park Tower hired James Stewart Polshek Partners to design a 37-to-39-story structure using these air rights. The tower would have been built above the original clubhouse's annex and northeastern corner, and it would have had 50 apartments. Although the project's supporters claimed the tower would include space for organizations and raise money for
10152-409: The clubhouse's interiors as having similar details to those in the Villard Houses . The building is entered through two vestibules with Guastavino tile ceiling vaults. The vestibule leads to the Great Hall, which extends through the second story and is variously cited as being 40 or 45 feet (12 or 14 m) high. At the Great Hall's north end is a double staircase to the second floor, which
10293-422: The clubhouse, and events were often hosted in the northern wing. Despite the club's large membership, it recorded a net deficit in 1895 and 1896. The club's board of governors initially did not want to impose an additional fee on its members. The Calumet Club unsuccessfully proposed merging with the Metropolitan Club, and there was also a failed proposal to merge with the Union Club. During 1897 and 1898,
10434-412: The colonial era, and the town of Smithtown was named for them. The White couple's estate, Box Hill, was both a home and a showplace for the luxe design aesthetic which White offered to prospective wealthy clients. Their son, Lawrence Grant White , was born in 1887. In 1889, White designed the triumphal arch at Washington Square , which, according to White's great-grandson, architect Samuel G. White,
10575-460: The cornice was decorated with gilded console brackets and trophy motifs. There were also painted white-and-gold reliefs on the ceiling. The smaller dining rooms were decorated in the First Empire style and were predominantly painted red. The third-floor rooms were originally labeled A through E but were named for Metropolitan Club leaders in the 1950s. As of 2024 , the main dining room
10716-434: The courtyard is the rear wing or women's annex, which rises two stories above ground. To the east of the original building is the east wing, which was built as a five-story bachelor apartment building before Codman redesigned it as a six-story dormitory. The clubhouse borders a 10-foot-wide (3.0 m) alleyway to the north, which is used as a service entrance. There was originally a lawn, hedges, and columns in front of
10857-402: The courtyard, while the entrance to the rear wing is on the eastern side. These entrances are accessed by sidewalks on either side of the courtyard. There is a circular driveway in the courtyard, which originally allowed vehicles to drop passengers off at the clubhouse's porte-cochère . As designed, the central carriageway measured 16 feet (4.9 m) wide and 25 feet (7.6 m) tall, while
10998-506: The early 1990s. Since 2013, the former ladies' dining room has served as a business center. A mezzanine floor above the ladies' dining room contained four smaller dining rooms decorated in differing color palettes. A staircase led to the mezzanine of the north wing, and a set of dressing rooms led off one of the staircase landings. In the basement are a bowling alley; rooms for the committees, board of directors, and stewards; storage space; and engine and boiler rooms. The club rooms were on
11139-509: The easternmost structure was designed by Ogden Codman Jr. The original structures have a marble facade with relatively little ornamentation. By contrast, the clubhouse's interiors were designed as ornate spaces with various murals and carvings. The first story includes the Great Hall and lounges, while club rooms, dining rooms, and bedrooms were on the upper stories. In the late 19th century, New York City contained many private social clubs , which were largely based on British social clubs. At
11280-464: The end of 1894, including a chef from France. The Metropolitan also arranged hansom cab service, telephone service, and newspaper subscriptions for its members. The little-used bowling alley and one of the wine rooms were converted into bicycle storage rooms. The club had 1,030 members by the following year, including influential industrialists, politicians, and financiers, as well as members of well-off families. Members often hosted lavish dinners at
11421-520: The end of the 19th century, many upscale residences were being developed along Fifth Avenue, particularly north of 59th Street . Many of the city's wealthiest residents thus began moving uptown along Fifth Avenue. One of the city's most prominent clubs in the late 19th century was the Union Club of the City of New York , founded in 1836. The Union Club was restricted to 1,000 members, resulting in
11562-546: The entire clubhouse. The Metropolitan discussed the possibility of merging with, or cross-honoring the memberships of, the Lotos , Manhattan, and Houston clubs during the early 1960s; none of these proposals passed. The club began renovating the clubhouse's facade in September 1965. The next year, the kitchen was moved from the third mezzanine to the third floor at a cost of $ 226,000, freeing up space for additional bedrooms on
11703-434: The entrance colonnade's columns were rebuilt in 2000 after club members discovered damage there. In addition, the club began planning a rooftop dining area on the clubhouse's sixth floor, also designed by Acheson Thornton Doyle. Because the building was a city landmark, the club had to obtain permission from the LPC and local community groups. Starting in 2005, workers constructed a new kitchen and food-preparation area above
11844-418: The fifth floor. After West's resignation in 1966, Spruille Braden became the club's 16th president that year. The club added a sauna in 1968, and anonymous benefactors contributed $ 12,500 the same year so the club could clean the Great Hall's marble. The main bar was renovated in early 1969, with funds from anonymous donors. The library's windows were replaced in 1970, and the club built 44 bedrooms in
11985-413: The firm of McKim, Mead and White . As part of the partnership, the three agreed to credit all of the firm's designs as the work of the collective firm, not to be attributed to any individual architect. In 1884, White married 22-year-old Bessie Springs Smith, daughter of J. Lawrence Smith . She was from a socially prominent Long Island family. Her ancestors had settled in what became Suffolk County in
12126-410: The first-story windows and have egg-and-dart moldings. The second-story window frames have medallions bearing the letter M, and there is a three-bay-wide balcony at the second story on both the western and southern elevations. Above the central second-story window on 60th Street, Roman numerals spelling out the year 1892 are carved into the lintel . The third-story windows have similar windows to
12267-410: The girl [Evelyn Nesbit] told in the minutest detail the history of White's pursuit of her, even down to the particulars of his atrocious victory—a victory whose particulars might well be said to be unprintable... Based on White's correspondence, including that conducted with Augustus Saint-Gaudens , recent biographers have concluded that White was bisexual, and that the office of McKim, Mead & White
12408-540: The influx of new members had slowed dramatically, and existing members' annual dues could not adequately fund the club's operations. The club's members took out two mortgage loans from the Bowery Savings Bank that year for a combined $ 1.6 million. The Union Club contemplated merging with the Metropolitan in mid-1893, but the Union's members ultimately voted against a merger. Additional labor strikes delayed
12549-585: The land was vacant by the 1890s. Three of the Metropolitan's members— Robert Goelet , Adrian Iselin Jr. , and Samuel D. Babcock —obtained an option to buy seven of Hamersley's land lots. The site was next to the under-construction Elbridge T. Gerry Mansion on 61st Street and several other clubs including the New York Athletic Club , Liederkranz , Arion Society , and Seventh Regiment Veteran's Club were nearby. The board of governors settled on
12690-402: The limits of architectural services to include interior decoration , dealing in art and antiques, and planning and designing parties. He collected paintings, pottery, and tapestries for use in his projects. If White could not acquire the right antiques for his interiors, he would sketch neo-Georgian standing electroliers or a Renaissance library table. His design for elaborate picture framing,
12831-517: The lowest in the entire clubhouse. This story contained 22, 26, or 35 bedroom suites for members, each with a bathroom. On the roof were servant spaces such as a kitchen, laundry, pantry, and dining room. There was also a roof garden with an awning, which was open during the summer months. A dumbwaiter connected the kitchen with the dining spaces below. Additional bedrooms on the third mezzanine were built in 1971. These bedrooms originally had metal doorways and dropped ceilings, which were removed in
12972-491: The main entrance. After several alterations to the plans, the club approved a final design in February 1892. The structure was intended to be much larger than other clubs' quarters, including those of the Knickerbocker, Union, and Manhattan clubs. The Real Estate Record predicted that the structure "will undoubtedly be a noteworthy addition to the club houses of the city", while The New York Times predicted that
13113-527: The main entrance. The modern-day clubhouse has three primary spaces: the Great Hall, the West Lounge, and the Main Bar in the former south lounge. Within the north wing, the ground story had a Louis XV–style dining room for ladies, which had a greenish-yellow color palette. The ladies' dining room was originally inaccessible from the rest of the clubhouse, but a passageway between them was completed in
13254-488: The mansion is a premier example of French Renaissance revival architecture. Since its period as Winans's residence, it has served as a girls preparatory school, doctor's offices, and a funeral parlor, before being acquired by Agora Publishing. In 2005, Agora completed an award-winning renovation project. White designed Golden Crest Estate in Elberon Park, NJ while at McKim Mead and White for E. F. C. Young, President of
13395-601: The married architect engaged in sexual relations with numerous women. The White family historian Suzannah Lessard writes: The process of seduction was a major feature of Stanford's obsession with sex, and it was an inexorable kind of seduction which moved into the lives of very young women, sometimes barely pubescent girls, in fragile social and financial situations—girls who would be unlikely to resist his power and his money and his considerable charm, who would feel that they had little choice but to let him take over their lives. There are indications that Stanford would sometimes adopt
13536-404: The mid-20th century. Like other Gilded Age social clubs, the Metropolitan Club functioned largely as a meeting place for the wealthy, hosting events such as luncheons, dinners, debutante balls, and business meetings. Morgan and 24 other wealthy men founded the club after two prominent men were denied membership at the Union Club of the City of New York . Work on the clubhouse began that May, and
13677-544: The model for the "Gibson Man", was angered by the press accounts, which he said presented a distorted view of his friend White. An editorial published in Vanity Fair , lambasting White, prompted Davis to a rebuttal. His article appeared on August 8, 1906, in Collier's magazine: Since his death White has been described as a satyr. To answer this by saying that he was a great architect is not to answer at all...He admired
13818-613: The murals; and renovating the bedrooms. Several rooms on the first and second floors were rebuilt between 1990 and 1992 as well. Though the Canadian and Metropolitan clubs ended their partnership in 1993, many of the Canadian Club's members became full members of the Metropolitan. In the mid-1990s, the American Academy in Rome leased space in the eastern annex and in the rear wing. The firm of Byrns, Kendall & Schieferdecker
13959-893: The neighborhood of his own house at " Box Hill " in Smithtown, Suffolk County; and the South Fork houses in Suffolk County, from Southampton to Montauk Point , influenced by their coastal location. He also designed the Kate Annette Wetherill Estate in 1895. White designed a number of other New York mansions as well, including the Iselin family estate "All View" and "Four Chimneys" in New Rochelle , suburban Westchester County. White designed several country estate homes in Greenwich, Connecticut , including
14100-404: The neighboring Hotel Pierre also offered to buy the clubhouse, but the club's board rejected the offer. Morris died in 1928, two and a half years after he became the club's president, and was succeeded by George Emlen Roosevelt . Even as the surrounding buildings were being demolished and replaced by high-rises, the club's membership reached a maximum of 1,436 in 1929. However, the onset of
14241-420: The new Metropolitan was founded, there was another Metropolitan Club two blocks south at Fifth Avenue and 58th Street, which exclusively served the city's Jewish community. Sherman claimed that the new Metropolitan's organizers did not know about the older club on 58th Street. Ultimately, the older club gave up its name, though the reason for this is unclear. The new Metropolitan Club was originally nicknamed
14382-504: The next several decades. To raise money, the club contemplated erecting a tower in the 1970s and again in the 1980s, but both proposals were unsuccessful. A penthouse with a dining room was completed in 2007. The clubhouse consists of three structures surrounding a courtyard. Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White designed the main clubhouse and a northern annex in the Italian Renaissance Revival style , while
14523-425: The next year, membership had reached a nadir of 710, about half of the level recorded in 1929. Amid the onset of World War II, the club recorded a $ 265,000 loss between 1942 and 1944. Parts of the clubhouse were converted to bedrooms for soldiers, and the club waived membership fees for members who fought in the war. The club also began allowing women into its great hall and the third-floor dining room in 1944, and
14664-533: The northeast corner of these two streets. It faces Central Park and Grand Army Plaza to the west, as well as the Pierre to the north and Park Cinq and the Sherry-Netherland to the south. Stanford White of McKim, Mead & White designed the original building in the Italian Renaissance style. White also designed custom-made torchères on the sidewalk outside the clubhouse. The design of
14805-416: The pedestrian entrances measured 8 feet (2.4 m) wide and 20 feet (6.1 m) tall. The ground story of the rear wing includes a niche, providing space for carriages within the courtyard to turn around. The building was supposed to have been built out of white brick with marble trim, but these plans were subsequently changed so the clubhouse would be made entirely out of marble. At the time, some of
14946-433: The penthouse dining room was completed. The Metropolitan continued to be dominated by older members. By 2010, the median age of members was 62, and one-tenth of members were 46 or younger. The club's main entrance gate was reinstalled in 2012 after being removed for renovation, and a business center opened at the club the next year. After Brandrup resigned as the club's president in 2013, Robert Strang took over. In 2023,
15087-455: The private houses on the same block were designed in the same style and made of the same material. The facade is mostly made of Vermont marble, while the ground story, trim, cornice , and balconies are made of Tuckahoe marble . The two types of marble weathered at different rates, and so the entire facade was repainted in a uniform color in 1965. The primary elevation of the Metropolitan clubhouse's facade faces south toward 60th Street and
15228-419: The role of a paternal benefactor, and then would take advantage of the trust and gratitude that had been built. White has been accused of belonging to an underground sex circle, made up of select members from the Union Club, a legitimate men's club. According to Simon Baatz: He was one of a group of wealthy roués , all members of the Union Club, who organized frequent orgies in secret locations scattered about
15369-445: The roof. The clubhouse's interiors were designed as ornate spaces, in contrast to the relatively plain exterior; the rooms are designed in several architectural styles. Cherry, mahogany, and oak wood were used for the interiors, along with iron handrails and bronze lighting sconces . Numidian marble was used for the vestibules and main rooms, while the ceilings were painted in multiple colors. Several rooms had paneled woodwork on
15510-442: The second story, except the panels above the windows are plain. The balcony on the third story is one bay wide on both the western and southern elevations. The third-story windows are ornamented with wreaths flanked by hydria . There are also smaller windows for the first mezzanine and third mezzanine levels on the eastern elevation. The fourth story has square windows, giving it an attic-like effect. There are nine windows on
15651-437: The sensational story was sustained. William Randolph Hearst 's newspapers played up the story, and the subsequent murder trial became known as "The Trial of the Century" . White's reputation was severely damaged by the testimony in the trial, as his sexual activities became public knowledge. The Evening Standard spoke of his "social dissolution". A headline in Vanity Fair read "Stanford White, Voluptuary and Pervert, Dies
15792-405: The site. The club selected the architectural firm of McKim, Mead & White to design its clubhouse, and the architects, Charles McKim and Stanford White , became charter members of the club. Excavations commenced that May, and John D. Crimmins began digging up the site. McKim, Mead & White spent the next several months drawing up plans for the clubhouse, adjusting the plans to fit
15933-428: The testimony of the Thaw murder trial. Twain said that New York society had known for years preceding the incident that the married White was eagerly and diligently and ravenously and remorselessly hunting young girls to their destruction. These facts have been well known in New York for many years, but they have never been openly proclaimed until now. On the witness-stand, in the hearing of a court room crowded with men,
16074-437: The third mezzanine the next year. Another donor also offered to provide $ 50,000 in matching funds annually for five years to pay off the club's debt; this donor ultimately paid $ 100,000. To raise money, the club raised annual dues significantly, from $ 300 in 1965 to $ 900 by 1972; this resulted in a steep decline in membership. More than a hundred members resigned between 1970 and 1972 alone, when dues were raised by 60%; as
16215-554: The time, he learned on the job as an apprentice. Beginning at age 18, he worked for six years as the principal assistant to Henry Hobson Richardson , known for his personal style (often called " Richardsonian Romanesque ") and considered by many to have been the greatest American architect of his day. In 1878, White embarked on a year and a half tour of Europe to learn about historical styles and trends. When he returned to New York in September 1879, he joined two young architects, Charles Follen McKim and William Rutherford Mead , to form
16356-509: The title Metropolitan Club . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Metropolitan_Club&oldid=1220951145 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Metropolitan Club (New York City) The Metropolitan Club
16497-469: The upper stories. As built, the second floor had a lounge at the southwest corner and a billiards room at the southeast corner, both of which measured about 30 by 60 feet (9.1 by 18.3 m). These spaces are known as the Governors' Room and L. W. James Room, respectively. The second floor also contained a writing room, two more card rooms, and a second billiards room. The second-floor rooms open onto
16638-486: The walls and English-oak beams on the ceilings. Initially, the clubhouse used gas lights and an alternating current electrical system, which was replaced with a direct current system in the 1940s. In addition, the building originally had a hydraulic elevator , which was replaced with a cable-hauled elevator. The French decorator Gilbert Cuel was hired to design the primary rooms in a French Baroque style, with relief panels and ceiling murals. Edward E. Simmons
16779-475: The war effort, and the club simplified its menu the same year, citing wartime shortages. By 1918, there were 125 Metropolitan Club members fighting in World War I. Ultimately, six club members died in the war, and a plaque was installed on the main floor to honor them. The board of governors voted in 1919 to impose a one-time assessment of $ 50 on existing members and to increase annual dues. The latter increase
16920-420: The western elevation and 13 windows on the southern elevation, each decorated by festoons with fruit motifs. The cornice itself is 10 feet (3.0 m) high and protrudes 6 feet (1.8 m). The cornice is made of marble and copper, with modillions , dentils , and egg-and-dart moldings. The copper sections of the cornice were designed by Jackson Architectural Iron Works. There are 70 lion head motifs on
17061-428: The woman who was to become Thaw's wife, Evelyn Nesbit , which had started when she was aged 16. At the time of White's killing, Nesbit was a famous fashion model . With the public nature of the killing and elements of a sex scandal among the wealthy, the resulting trial of Thaw was dubbed the "Trial of the Century" by contemporary reporters. Thaw was ultimately found not guilty by reason of insanity . Stanford White
17202-422: The women's dining rooms in the north annex were closed. Guernsey Curran took over as the club's eighth president that March, and the club owed over $ 58,000 in unpaid real-estate taxes by the end of the year. In addition, the club's mortgage loan from Mutual Life was about to mature , but the Metropolitan had not paid interest on the loan in several years. By late 1944, Mutual Life was threatening to auction off
17343-436: Was 30% less. The club continued to lose money, and the board of governors levied additional fees on existing members to cover the shortfall. The board of governors ultimately voted in early 1907 to increase the annual dues. The next year, the board of governors voted to commission portraits of each president in the clubhouse. The club's only surviving original trustee, Charles Lanier , agreed in 1909 to transfer ownership of
17484-470: Was about 16 years old at this time and White was 48. For a period of at least six months after the alleged rape, they acted as lovers and companions. Although they drifted apart, they remained in touch with each other and on good terms socially. In 1905, she married Harry Kendall Thaw , a Pittsburgh millionaire with a history of severe mental instability. Thaw was jealous of White's acceptance in society and thought of White as his rival. But, well before he
17625-422: Was asked to donate $ 120 annually to the foundation, and by 1985 the foundation was earning $ 150,000 a year for the clubhouse's upkeep. Due to changes in U.S. federal tax law, large donors to the foundation received substantial tax benefits. Another proposal for a tower above the Metropolitan Club was announced in 1986, after the club encountered further financial and maintenance issues. The club wanted to sell
17766-467: Was born in New York City in 1853, the son of Richard Grant White , a Shakespearean scholar, and Alexina Black ( née Mease) (1830–1921). White's father was a dandy and Anglophile with little money but many connections to New York's art world, including the painter John LaFarge , the stained-glass artist Louis Comfort Tiffany and the landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted . White had no formal architectural training; like many other architects at
17907-419: Was hired to design the ceiling of the Metropolitan's library, and V. J. Hedden & Sons designed the interior woodwork. The Herter Brothers , F. Beck and Co. , and C. R. Yandell & Co. also designed parts of the interior. One real-estate magazine described the interior spaces as "the loudest work of art [...] ever presented to an astonished American public". The historian Mosette Broderick described
18048-437: Was hired to renovate that space. During the late 1990s, the Metropolitan also renovated the second- and third-story rooms, re-gilded some window frames, replaced the elevators, and installed air-conditioning systems. Acheson Thornton Doyle was hired to restore the bedrooms. The Metropolitan Club began renovating the Great Hall in 1999, though the project was not completed for twelve years. The 60th Street sidewalk and one of
18189-422: Was hired to repaint the exterior and repair holes on the facade. Douglas Brandrup became the Metropolitan's 21st president in 1989, and the facade renovation was completed the next year. By 1990, the Metropolitan had 2,200 members, including 100 women. Workers also renovated the interiors starting in the late 1980s. The project included connecting the ladies' dining room to the rest of the clubhouse; restoring
18330-428: Was killed, White had moved on to other young women as lovers. White considered Thaw a poseur of little consequence and categorized him as a clown, once calling him the "Pennsylvania pug" – a reference to Thaw's baby-faced features. Accompanied by New York society figure James Clinch Smith , White dined at Martin's, near Madison Square Garden . As it happened, Thaw and Nesbit also dined there, and Thaw
18471-424: Was no longer allowed to sell drinks. By the beginning of 1923, the club had 1,199 members, and its restaurant was losing thousands of dollars. After months of deliberation, the committee proposed that the club begin allowing foreign members, add a gymnasium and bedrooms, renovate the squash court, and allow members to smoke in the dining room. The club finally succeeded in raising membership fees in 1923. This allowed
18612-431: Was owned and restored by Mary and Samuel Weir. It is now a private residence. White lived the same life as his clients, albeit not quite so lavishly, and he knew how the house had to perform: like a first-rate hotel, theater foyer, or a theater set with appropriate historical references. He could design a cover for Scribner's Magazine or design a pedestal for his friend Augustus Saint-Gaudens 's sculpture. He extended
18753-451: Was postponed after 82 members signed a petition protesting the increases. After Prohibition in the United States began that year, banning the sale of alcoholic beverages in the U.S., the club's executive committee began allowing members to bring their own drinks, charging a service fee for each drink. In addition, the club added lockers for alcoholic beverages. The board of governors voted in 1921 to charge each member another $ 100 to cover
18894-581: Was replaced by Harold B. Hamilton in 1977. The club considered demolishing its courtyard in the 1970s and replacing it with a 30-story hotel designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox ; the hotel would use air rights from the existing clubhouse. At the time, it was one of several high-profile sites in New York City that were being considered for redevelopment. Subsequently, the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission (LPC) hosted hearings in 1978 to discuss whether
19035-444: Was said to have seen White at the restaurant. That evening the premiere of Mam'zelle Champagne was being performed at the theatre. During the show's finale, "I Could Love A Million Girls", Thaw approached White, produced a pistol, said, "You've ruined my wife", and fired three shots at White from two feet away. He hit White twice in the face and once in his upper left shoulder, killing him instantly. The crowd's initial reaction
19176-448: Was so popular that he was commissioned to design a permanent one. White's design principles embodied the " American Renaissance ". In 1906, White was murdered during a musical performance at the rooftop theatre of Madison Square Garden . His killer, Harry Kendall Thaw , was a wealthy but mentally unstable heir of a coal and railroad fortune who had become obsessed by White's alleged drugging and rape of, and subsequent relationship with,
19317-437: Was still operating at a deficit in 1900, prompting the governors to increase the annual dues. At the time, the club had 1,062 members as well as 22 people on its waiting list. Morgan resigned as the club's first president that February and was replaced by Levi P. Morton , although Morgan remained a member of the club. After the Metropolitan Club allowed Union Club members to begin drinking at its bar in 1902, daily revenue from
19458-530: Was succeeded by George W. Whitaker, the club's 10th president. The Metropolitan began leasing out space to external organizations in 1955, when the Warner-Lambert Pharmaceutical Company leased the ground floor of the north wing. Thomas A. O'Hara became the Metropolitan's 11th president in 1956 following Whitaker's resignation. O'Hara resigned after one year, and James again led the club until 1958, when Cornelius J. Reid became
19599-408: Was to think the incident was an elaborate party trick. When it became apparent that White was dead, chaos ensued. Nineteen-year-old Lawrence Grant White was guilt-ridden after his father was slain, blaming himself for the death. "If only he had gone [to Philadelphia]!" he lamented, referring to a trip that had been planned. Years later, he would write, "On the night of June 25th, 1906, while attending
19740-554: Was unruffled by this. White's granddaughter has written that Stanford's eldest son (her father) was "unflinching in his awareness of Stanford's nature". In 1901, White established a caretaking relationship with Evelyn Nesbit , helping Nesbit get established as a model for artists and photographers in New York society, with the approval of Nesbit's mother. Five years later, Nesbit would testify that one evening he invited her to his apartment for dinner and gave her champagne and possibly some drug, and then raped her after she passed out: she
19881-417: Was widened in 1922. The western and eastern ends of the colonnade are supported by square piers. Between each set of columns are wrought-iron gates designed by John Williams, a former employee of Tiffany & Co. The design of the courtyard may have been inspired by a similar courtyard that McKim, Mead & White designed for the Villard Houses . The clubhouse's main entrance is on the western side of
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