The Mechi River is a trans-boundary river flowing through Nepal and India . It is a tributary of the Mahananda River .
36-698: The Mechi originates in the Mahabharat Range in Nepal. It flows through Nepal, forms the boundary between India and Nepal and then flows through the Indian state of Bihar to join the Mahananda in Kishanganj district . The Mechi-Mahananda interfluve is a transitional area between the hills and the plains and exhibits a wide range of topographical variations. The rivers originating in the hills attain
72-576: A braiding character and have well developed alluvial fans. The Mahananda river system of which Mechi is a part has a catchment area of 8,088 square kilometres (3,123 sq mi) in Nepal and 11,520 square kilometres (4,450 sq mi) in India. Embankments exist of the left bank of the Mechi River for 14 kilometres (9 mi) in West Bengal . These need remodelling to prevent floods in
108-707: A course of 1,080 kilometres (670 mi). Saryu river is stated to be synonymous with the modern Karnali river or as a tributary of it. Karnali River exposes the oldest part of the Sivalik Hills of Nepal. The remnant magnetization of siltstones and sandstones in this group suggests a depositional age of between 16 million and 5.2 million years. The Karnali River Basin lies between the mountain ranges of Dhaulagiri in Nepal and Nanda Devi in Uttarakhand . Dhaulagiri II , elevation 7,751 metres (25,430 ft),
144-409: A distance of about 300 kilometres (190 mi). The minimum depth was 75 centimetres (30 in). These depths were available without any river conservancy works. All other conditions of navigable channel such as the width and current of flow etc. were also found to be very favourable. The low water stage in this river is only for a short duration. There is a great urgency to carry out detailed study of
180-710: A potentially viable dolphin population. Disturbance and environmental degradation associated with geotechnical feasibility studies and bridge and road construction for the dam already may have contributed to a decline in the number and range of dolphins or susu above the Nepal-India border. The Ghaghara is the furthest upstream in the dolphin range. Other important protected areas and their biological and religious significance are a) Khaptad NP at 2.25 square kilometres (0.87 sq mi), Dhorpatan HR at 13.25 square kilometres (5.12 sq mi), and WR (1976) at Kanchanpur at 3.05 square kilometres (1.18 sq mi) in
216-570: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Pakistan location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Nepalese location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Karnali River The Ghaghara River , also known as the Karnali River in Nepal , Mapcha Tsangpo in Tibet , and the lower Ghaghara in Awadh is known as
252-570: Is a proposal to link the Mechi to the Kosi . Kosi–Mechi interlinking is part of a NPR 56000 billion River Interlinking Project proposed to Nepal by India. The Kankai forms part of this project. Besides the High Dam, a barrage across Kosi river will also be constructed near village Chatra, 10 to 12 kilometres (6 to 7 mi) below the proposed Kosi High Dam, to transfer water to the Mechi through
288-477: Is considered the largest in Asia and designed to provide irrigation to a Culturalable Command Area (CCA) of 20,000 square kilometres (7,700 sq mi) covering 14 districts in 168 blocks with a gross command area of 40,000 square kilometres (15,000 sq mi). On account of high silt flows during the flood season, Sarda Sahayak supplies (from Karnali) are suspended for 100 days between June and October, when
324-772: Is linked to the Lower Sarda Barrage (built across the Sarda river, with a catchment area of 17,818 square kilometres (6,880 sq mi), about 28 kilometres (17 mi) northeast of Lakhimpur Kheri Rly station in Lakhimpur Kheri district ) via a link canal from Girija Barrage to the Lower Sarda Barrage which is 28 kilometres (17 mi) long and is designed to divert a discharge of 480 cubic metres per second (17,000 cu ft/s) from Gandak to Sarda river. The feeder channel taking off from
360-736: Is locally known as "Saryu" or "Sarayu" in the city of Ayodhya. Bardia National Park is the largest and most undisturbed protected area in the Karnali River basin, covering 968 km (374 sq mi) on the southern slopes of the Sivalik Hills . It is bordered in the south by the Babai River, and to the west by the Girwa River, a tributary of the Karnali. At Chisapani Gorge, the swift-flowing Karnali River emerges from
396-408: Is located between 26°00' to 27°20' N latitude and 83°30' to 84°15' E longitude. Right bank tributaries are Khekhra, Hirna, Jethan, Maun, Duhari, Kanchi and Koilar rivers; Khanua river joins from the left bank. The discharge of Chhoti Gandak is mainly controlled by rain, which is very high during the monsoon season and low during the summers. It has been observed that whenever precipitation is high in
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#1732776752542432-990: Is now connected by karnali highway and now due to various hydro electricity projects this area is being developed. Now a 900 MW project is going to be constructed in this river In India, the administrative districts in the Ghaghra catchment are Ambedkar Nagar , Ayodhya , Gonda , Azamgarh , Barabanki , Basti , Ballia , Bahraich , Deoria , Gonda , Gorakhpur , Sant Kabir Nagar , Lakhimpur Kheri , Mau , Sitapur of Uttar Pradesh and Siwan district in Bihar . Important towns in India include Akabarpur , Ayodhya , Bahraich , Barabanki , Basti , Deoria , Barhalganj , Gonda , Gorakhpur , Sitapur , Siddharthnagar , Saint Kabir Nagar , Kamhariya, Rajesultanpur , Tanda and Mihinpurwa[Bahraich] in Uttar Pradesh and Chapra, Siwan , and Sonepur in Bihar . The Ghaghra River
468-584: Is the highest point of the entire basin. In the north, it lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas . The basin formed by the river has a total catchment area of 127,950 square kilometres (49,400 sq mi), of which 45 percent is in India. Chhoti Gandak is a groundwater-fed meandering river originating near Dhesopool, Maharajganj district of Uttar Pradesh . It travels a distance of about 250 kilometres (160 mi) and joins Ghaghara near Guthani, Siwan district of Bihar . The Chhoti Gandak River Basin
504-563: The Karnali Province is the largest zone with about 5,000 square miles (13,000 km ) area. Its administrative center is Jumla . The zone is divided into the five districts of Dolpa , Humla , Jumla , Kalikot and Mugu . The Karnali Province has the lowest population density in Nepal. There are no large settlements on the banks of the river, which is only crossed near Chisapani by the Mahendra Highway. This region
540-579: The Kosi in the east. With temperatures persisting around forty degrees Celsius in the plains of India from April until the onset of the summer monsoon in June, but ten to fifteen degrees cooler atop the Himachal Range, various hill Stations have developed in the region. 28°45′N 83°30′E / 28.750°N 83.500°E / 28.750; 83.500 This Indian location article
576-587: The Naxalbari area of Darjeeling district . There also is a need for new embankments. As the Mechi forms the international border, it was agreed at a meeting of the Nepal-India Joint Standing Technical Committee to take due care in aligning the embankments so that they would be at identified distance from the border and the top levels of the embankments should be kept same on both sides, as far as practicable. There
612-825: The Sarayu River , is a perennial trans-boundary river that originates in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the Tibetan Plateau , cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal and joins the Sharda River at Brahmaghat in India . Together they form the Ghaghara River, a major left-bank tributary of the Ganges . With a length of 507 km (315 mi), it is the longest river in Nepal. The total length of
648-686: The Sivalik Hills , it splits into two branches, the Geruwa on the left and Kauriala river on the right near Chisapani to rejoin south of the Indian border and form the proper Ghaghara. Other tributaries originating in Nepal are the West Rapti , the Kali (or Mahakali) and the little Gandak. It flows southeast through Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states to join the Ganges downstream of the town of Chhapra , after
684-706: The Tharu and Maithili people . The Himachal Range is an important hydrographic barrier crossed by relatively few rivers. Drainage systems have evolved candelabra configurations with numerous tributaries flowing south from the Himalaya through the Middle Hills, gathering immediately north of the Himachal Range and cutting through in major gorges as the Karnali in the west, the Gandaki or Narayani in central Nepal, and
720-479: The Ghaghara up to its confluence with the Ganges at Revelganj in Bihar is 1,080 km (670 mi). It is the largest tributary of the Ganges by volume and the second largest by length after Yamuna . The Karnali rises in the northern slopes of the Himalayas in Tibet , in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an elevation of about 3,962 metres (12,999 ft) above sea level. The river flows south through one of
756-599: The Girijapuri Barrage (a low gated dam), located about 16 kilometres (10 mi) downstream of the Nepal–India border ( in Mihinpurwa district Bahraich). A high dam has been planned for some time just upstream of the dolphins' current (or at least recent) range in the Karnali River, Nepal. If built, this structure would almost certainly eliminate the small amount of dolphin habitat in Nepal's last river with
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#1732776752542792-586: The Government of India had carried out hydrographical survey of the Karnali River from the Bahramghat to the confluence of this river and the Ganges a distance of 446 kilometres (277 mi). This survey was done in the years 1943–53 to explore the possibility of improvement and extension of navigation on this river by powered crafts. These surveys revealed that there were only 5 shoals under 90 centimetres (35 in) at low water between Burhaj and Bahramghat
828-471: The Himachal Range and northward into the Middle Hills have Tibeto-Burman affinities including Nepalese origins of Newar , Magar , Gurung , Tamang , Rai and Limbu , however the most populous ethnic group is Indo-European Hindus called Paharis , mainly of the upper Brahman , and Kshatriya , or Chhetri castes. Lower terrain south of the escarpment was historically malarial and inhabited by apparently aboriginal peoples with evolved immunity, notably
864-593: The Himachal Range are steep and nearly uninhabited due to a major fault system called the 'Main Boundary Thrust". The crest and northern slopes slope gently enough to support upland pastures and terraced fields. Nepal's densely populated Middle Hills begin along the crest, extending north through lower valleys and other "hills" until population thins out above 2,000 m and cereal -based agriculture increasingly gives way to seasonal herding and cold-tolerant crops such as potatoes . Most ethnic groups found along
900-797: The Himalayas where most of the streams were simply fast-moving water throughout the greater part of the year and not navigable when flowing rapidly, most of the rivers with steadier currents had boats on them. The Ganges, the Ghaghra, the Yamuna , the Gomti , the Sharda and the Rapti were the most important navigable rivers in the Northwestern provinces and Oudh . Many trade items such as timber, food grains, sugar, indigo, cotton seed, poppy seed and mustard seed were transported by boats. April, May and June were
936-981: The Kosi–;Mechi link canal. Mahabharat Range The Lower Himalayan Range also called the Lesser Himalayas or Himachal is one of the four parallel sub-ranges of the Himalayas . It has the Great Himalayas to the north and the Sivalik Hills to the south. It extends from the Indus River in Pakistan to the Brahmaputra Valley in North East India traversing across North India , Nepal and Bhutan . The sub-range has an average elevation of 3,700–4,500 m (12,100–14,800 ft). Southern slopes of
972-471: The Lower Sarda Barrage is 258.8 kilometres (160.8 mi) long, feeds the five branches of Dariyabad, Barabani, Haideganj, RaeBareil and Purva, and is designed to carry a discharge of 765 cubic metres per second (27,000 cu ft/s). The Sarda Sahayak feeder channel meets the Haidergarh branch at 171 kilometres (106 mi) and Raibareli branch at 187 kilometres (116 mi). The entire canal system
1008-644: The Lower Sarda Canal (feeder canal) draws water from the Sarda River, which is then flooded. In the past the Karnali River was considered to be attractive for the development of navigation right from the Indo–Nepal border to the confluence of this river and the Ganges. The lower reach of this river—called the Ghaghra in India—was used in the past for navigation by steamers. Apart from in the foothills of
1044-522: The Shiwalik Range onto the broad plain and flows purposefully through the semi-tropical jungle. The park is famous for two Asian elephant herds, several deer species, gaur , nilgai , Himalayan tahr , serow and goral . The Karnali supports the endangered mugger crocodile , the gharial , a few remaining South Asian river dolphins and the golden mahseer . Other protected areas include Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary . The Karnali provides
1080-615: The Terai Sal. The Sarda Sahayak Irrigation Project uses the combined flows from the rivers Ghaghara and Sarda in the Girija Barrage built across the Ghaghara river below a catchment area of 45,500 square kilometres (17,600 sq mi). This barrage is situated about 9 kilometres (6 mi) downstream of Khatria Ghat Rly station and 16 kilometres (10 mi) from the international border to Nepal in Bahraich district. It
1116-515: The catchment areas, there is flood in the downstream part of the Chhoti Gandak River Basin. The region exhibits upland terrace surface, river valley terrace surface, present-day river channel with narrow flood plains, natural levee, and point-bar deposits. All these geomorphic features are depositional in nature and made up of alluvium of different ages. The main tributaries of the Karnali are Seti and Bheri . In Nepal,
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1152-582: The most remote and least explored areas of Nepal as the Karnali River. The 202-kilometre (126 mi) Seti River drains the western part of the catchment and joins the Karnali River in Doti District north of Dundras hill. Another tributary, the 264-kilometre (164 mi) long Bheri , rises in the western part of Dhaulagiri Himalaya and drains the eastern part of the catchment, meeting the Karnali near Kuineghat in Surkhet . Cutting southward across
1188-459: The most suitable months and were a busy trading period. Different kinds of cargo boats were used on the Ganges, the smaller ones were known as always , while the larger ones were known as Katris . In the latter half of the 19th century when the railways came into existence, the significance of waterways as inland trade routes declined, as the railways were faster and safer. With the exception of eastern parts of Bengal where abundance of water in
1224-408: The natural network of channels sustained and continued to provide a suitable mode of transport of goods and people, the railways had almost entirely replaced the waterways as communication lines throughout the country by the end of the 19th century. The possibilities for further extension of the steamer services to the north had also been explored in the past. The Central Water and Power Commission of
1260-581: The upper range for the Gangetic river dolphin ( Platanista gangetica ), the largest freshwater mammals found on the Indian subcontinent. They are considered vulnerable species under CITES Appendix 1 and are classified as endangered on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2004). The river dolphins are legally protected animals in Nepal as endangered mammal and fall under Schedule I of the protected list of National Parks & Wildlife Conservation Act, 1973. Living at
1296-498: The upstream range limit, dolphins in the Karnali River are particularly vulnerable to threats from habitat degradation. Dolphins need deep pools of water. They are often found in places where human activities are most intense and they are sometimes accidentally caught by the local people who live in the lower Karnali basin. The Karnali River supports the last potentially viable population of the Ganges river dolphin in Nepal. These dolphins are at their farthest upstream range and isolated by
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