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36-564: The Media Transfer Protocol ( MTP ) is an extension to the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP) communications protocol that allows media files to be transferred automatically to and from portable devices . Whereas PTP was designed for downloading photographs from digital cameras , Media Transfer Protocol allows the transfer of music files on digital audio players and media files on portable media players , as well as personal information on personal digital assistants . MTP

72-462: A mass storage device , such as a memory card , which is formatted with a file system, most commonly FAT12 , FAT16 or FAT32 , which may be laid out as per the Design rule for Camera File system (DCF) specification. But none of these are required as PTP abstracts from the underlying representation. By contrast, if a camera is mounted via USB MSC , the physical file system and layout are exposed to

108-410: A 32-bit object ID. These objects can however have parents and siblings so that a file-system–like view of device contents can be created. Until the standardization of PTP, digital camera vendors used different proprietary protocols for controlling digital cameras and transferring images to computers and other host devices. In an earlier but unrelated project, the term "Picture Transfer Protocol" and

144-540: A digital camera will support grabbing photos from an Android phone when you select the PTP mode. As with MTP , a limitation is that when transferring photos from a computer to the Android device, file timestamps are replaced with the time of the copy. For copies from the Android device to a computer however, the timestamps are preserved. PTP v1.11 (ISO 15740:2013) is a minor revision to PTP v1.1 (ISO 15740:2008). Both

180-433: A feature called Auto Sync, which lets users configure Windows Media Player to automatically transfer all copied or newly acquired content to devices whenever they are connected - provided that content is compatible with Windows Media Player. Auto Sync is customizable so that the player will transfer only content that meets certain criteria (songs rated four stars or higher, for instance). Changes made to file properties (such as

216-558: A full-fledged Universal Serial Bus (USB) device class in May 2008. Since then, MTP is an official extension to PTP and shares the same class code. MTP is a high level file transfer protocol, as opposed to a general storage protocol like USB mass storage . That means that the MTP client (computer) does not see an array of byte blocks that makes up a data structure that makes up a file system , but instead speaks in terms of files and folders to

252-413: A problem or anti-pattern in a library , such as an incorrect return value . When the library is changed, the workaround may break the overall program functionality, effectively becoming an anti-pattern , since it may expect the older, wrong behaviour from the library. Workarounds can also be a useful source of ideas for improvement of products or services. When the legal system places an obstacle in

288-851: A round of Wi-Fi digital cameras by Nikon , Canon , and Eastman Kodak , allows data transfer over any IP -based network. A vendor extension registry for PTP is maintained by the Society for Imaging Science and Engineering (IS&T). Media Transfer Protocol (MTP), developed by Microsoft , allows for transfer over wireless or wired networks based in part on FotoNation's PTP/IP, but also allows users to transfer other media aside from pictures, as well as for tagging objects with extended metadata (such as title, artist and similar metadata). Microsoft Windows has supported PTP from Windows ME onwards (excluding Windows CE ). Microsoft implements PTP on Windows through Windows Image Acquisition . A disadvantage of PTP on Windows as compared to USB mass storage

324-476: A user rating and file playback counts) on a device can be propagated back to the computer when the device is reconnected. Copies of files accessed over MTP may remain on the host computer even after reboot, where they will be accessible to the user account which accessed them, as well as any other user accounts able to read that user account's files, including any administrative users. Windows 7's sensor platform supports sensors built into MTP-compatible devices. In

360-778: Is a key part of WMDRM 10-PD, a digital rights management (DRM) service for the Windows Media platform. In 2011, it became the standard method to transfer files to and from Android. MTP is part of the "Windows Media" framework and thus closely related to Windows Media Player . Versions of the Microsoft Windows operating system from Windows XP SP2 support MTP. Windows XP requires Windows Media Player 10 or higher; later Windows versions have built-in support. Microsoft has made an MTP Porting Kit available for older versions of Windows, back to Windows 98 . The USB Implementers Forum device working group standardized MTP as

396-434: Is in communicating supported file formats, and formats of transferred files. Apart from some uncategorized formats in the beginning, the list of formats is grouped in categories of image, audio, video and document formats, with each category having one "Undefined" format followed by specific formats. There is also a super-generic "Undefined object" format. Jolla cited lack of WebM support in MTP as one reason not to support

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432-438: Is in full control of the device. (-) Windows does not assign drive letters or UNC paths to MTP devices because it does not natively expose them as virtual file systems . Without drive letters or UNC paths, MTP-unaware software cannot access directories or files on these devices. The user has to switch to an MTP-aware application, or else work around by using an MTP-aware application such as Windows Explorer to copy or move

468-484: Is in the core standard, but the features are available via vendor extensions. MTPZ, the Zune Extension to MTP, specifically denies access to files until authentication has been processed, which is only possible using Windows Media Player 10 or higher. MTP's advantages are marked with " (+) " while disadvantages are marked with " (-) ". By not exposing the filesystem and metadata index, the integrity of these

504-423: Is supported by a number of libraries, such as libgphoto and libptp , used by applications such as digiKam and F-Spot . As on Microsoft Windows there is no native support on Linux, but by means of GVfs the devices can easily be mounted and made available to applications that use standard POSIX commands and library functions. Android supports PTP, so that software programs that support grabbing photos from

540-426: Is that Windows does not assign drive letters to PTP devices, so image files on them cannot be manipulated by scripts or standard Windows programs, only by Windows Explorer or applications with specially written PTP support. Also, Windows Explorer does not display file modification timestamps (though these are available via the file Properties popup). PTP on Linux and other free and open-source operating systems

576-464: Is that although file timestamps are preserved when copying files from the Android device to one's computer, when copying in the other direction, the file modification timestamps are replaced with the time the copy was done. Companies, including Creative Technology, Intel , iriver , and Samsung Electronics , that manufacture devices based on Microsoft's " Portable Media Center specification", have widely adopted MTP. Supporting devices were introduced at

612-516: Is the default network transport media for PTP devices. USB PTP is a common alternative to the USB mass-storage device class (USB MSC), as a digital camera connection protocol. Some cameras support both modes. PTP specifies a way of creating, transferring and manipulating objects which are typically photographic images such as a JPEG file. While it is common to think of the objects that PTP handle as files , they are abstract entities identified solely by

648-509: The 2004 Consumer Electronics Show . After an initial period of uncertain reactions, several large media player producers such as Creative Technology and iriver adopted the MTP protocol in place of their own protocols. Many devices and audio software applications support MTP. Picture Transfer Protocol It is further standardized for USB by the USB Implementers Forum as the still image capture device class . USB

684-480: The 2008 and 2013 versions of PTP are fully backward-compatible with PTP v1.0 (ISO 15740:2005) , and offer optional performance, compatibility, and feature enhancements including: Workaround A workaround is a bypass of a recognized problem or limitation in a system or policy. A workaround is typically a temporary fix that implies that a genuine solution to the problem is needed. But workarounds are frequently as creative as true solutions, involving outside

720-926: The MTP Porting Kit. which contains a MTP device driver. Some manufacturers, such as Creative Technology , also provide legacy MTP drivers for some of their players; these usually consist of MTP Porting Kit files with a customized INF file describing their specific players. Windows does not assign drive letters or UNC pathnames to devices connected via MTP; instead, they only appear as named devices in MTP-aware applications such as Windows Explorer . Compared to devices that implement USB mass storage, such devices cannot be accessed programmatically by scripts or normal Windows programs that depend on drive letters or UNC paths. Instead, files must be manipulated using Windows Explorer or applications with specially written MTP support. Under Windows, MTP-compatible devices support

756-491: The MTP device. This lets the MTP device take part in the high level operations (such as updating its metadata indexes) while keeping the integrity of its file system in its own hands. In particular, dropped transfers (such as by unplugging the USB cable too soon) do not corrupt the device file system. The non-generality of MTP has consequences for how a computer operating system can present the MTP device, both to other programs and to

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792-560: The Platform Update for Windows Vista also support MTP over Bluetooth. The host connecting to an MTP device is called an MTP Initiator , whereas the device itself is an MTP Responder . MTP allows MTP Initiators to identify the specific capabilities of device(s) with respect to file formats and functionality. In particular, MTP Initiators may have to provide passwords and other information to unlock files, or otherwise enable digital rights management . Nothing specific of this nature

828-645: The Unix filesystem hierarchy, making it accessible to any program that operates on files and directories. macOS has built-in support for MTP (through the application "Image Capture") but no (third-party) drivers to mount MTP devices as drives. Also several third-party file transfer applications are available for Mac OS X v10.5 and later: Later versions of several operating systems, including AmigaOS , Android , AROS , MorphOS , and Symbian OS support MTP, sometimes with additional drivers or software. A disadvantage of MTP devices on Android as compared to USB mass storage

864-484: The acronym "PTP" were both coined by Steve Mann, summarizing work on the creation of a Linux-friendly way of transferring pictures to and from home-made wearable computers, at a time when most cameras required the use of Microsoft Windows or Mac OS device drivers to transfer their pictures to a computer. PTP was originally standardized as PIMA 15470 in 2000, while it was developed by the IT10 committee . Key contributors to

900-434: The box thinking in their creation. Typically they are considered brittle in that they will not respond well to further pressure from a system beyond the original design. In implementing a workaround it is important to flag the change so as to later implement a proper solution. Placing pressure on a workaround may result in later system failures. For example, in computer programming workarounds are often used to address

936-402: The camera's features/properties (such as ISO, Aperture, Shutter speed and focus). Events raised by the camera, in response to specific actions performed by the host device, are sent back to the host via the USB asynchronous Interrupt endpoint. In addition to changing the camera's settings and operating mode, it is possible to receive a through-the-lens view using "Live View". As described above,

972-627: The device. (-) Despite identifiability by the PTP/MTP USB device class , libmtp documentation indicates that the vendor and product ID combination plays a functional role in identifying an MTP device, also by Windows drivers. Libmtp includes vast listings of vendor and product ID numbers of devices that it supports, along with workarounds for bugs. This non-generic methodology hinders MTP drivers' forward compatibility with new devices. The MTP specification includes an enumeration of file formats, called object format . The use of this enumeration

1008-445: The file to a file system that the application can access. One specific concern is that antivirus software on the host computer may not be aware of MTP devices, making them potentially less secure than mass storage devices (although if files on MTP devices are copied or moved to the host before use, MTP-unaware antivirus software will have a chance to scan them). Antivirus scanning might also be impractical due to blocking regular use of

1044-446: The implementation of MTP used by Windows Explorer, files from a selection moved out of a mobile device's storage, perhaps with the goal of freeing up space, are not deleted individually from the source after each file, but instead the entire selection becomes deleted at once from the source only after the transfer has finished. As a result, file moves aborted untimely, whether manually or unexpectedly, will not have freed up any space on

1080-508: The source device. A free and open-source implementation of the Media Transfer Protocol is available as libmtp. This library incorporates product and device IDs from many sources, and is commonly used in other software for MTP support. GNOME applications like GNOME Files (formerly called Nautilus) and Archive Manager (formerly called File-Roller) use GIO -based GVfs to access files on MTP devices. Proper MTP support

1116-476: The standard included Tim Looney and Tim Whitcher ( Eastman Kodak Company ) and Eran Steinberg ( Fotonation ). PTP does not specify a way for objects to be stored – it is a communication protocol. Nor does it specify a transport layer. However, it is designed to support existing standards, such as Exif , TIFF/EP , DCF , and DPOF , and is commonly implemented over the USB and FireWire transport layers. Images on digital cameras are generally stored as files on

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1152-580: The storage objects of the camera's memory cards can be manipulated too. By controlling a camera in this way it is possible to augment its capabilities. For example, if the controlling software was running on a smartphone with GPS functionality, it would be possible to add the GPS coordinates to an image's Exif data, at the time of image capture — even if the camera itself had no GPS functionality. A number of protocols have been developed that extend PTP. PTP/IP , developed by FotoNation and first implemented in

1188-501: The user. According to its specification, the main purpose of MTP is to facilitate communication between media devices with transient connection. A secondary purpose being to enable command and control of the connected device. A battery-powered mobile device can report its battery charge level through MTP. The protocol was originally implemented for use across USB but extended for use across TCP/IP and Bluetooth . Windows Vista supports MTP over TCP/IP. Windows 7 and Windows Vista with

1224-413: The user. Many modern digital cameras from Canon and Nikon can be controlled via PTP from a USB host enabled computing device (smartphone, PC or Arduino for example). As is the norm for PTP, the communication takes place over a USB connection. When interacting with the camera in this manner, it is expected that the USB endpoints are in (synchronous) Bulk Transfer Mode, for getting/setting virtually all

1260-649: The video format in their mobile operating system Sailfish OS . It is unclear if the limitation is in the tools or the spec, other than that WebM is not defined by the MTP 1.1 spec. These features can be used as more efficient alternatives to whole-file transfers and re-uploads: From the MTP 1.1 spec: According to go-mtpfs: MTP is supported in Windows XP if Windows Media Player 10 or later versions are installed. Windows Vista and later have MTP support built in. For older versions of Windows, specifically, Windows 2000, Windows 98 and Windows Me, Microsoft has released

1296-475: Was added to GVfs in version 1.15.2 (2013-01-15) by Philip Langdale. Early patches for GVfs to enable Google's direct I/O extensions are available. The KDE Project develops the MTP KIO Slave with a similar level of integration as GVfs. Not related to GNOME or KDE is the *NIX graphical MTP-capable media player, gMTP . Several tools provide a FUSE based file system for mounting MTP devices within

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