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35-638: Mordechai Yosef Leiner was born in Tomashov ( Polish : Tomaszów Lubelski ) in 1801. His father Yaakov, who died when he was two, was the son of Mordechai of Sekul, a descendant of Rabbi Saul Wahl . He became a disciple of Simcha Bunim of Peshischa where he joined Rabbi Menachem Mendel of Kotzk and Rabbi Yosef of Yartshev; both were also born in Tomashov. When Menachem Mendel became Rebbe in Kotzk, Leiner became his disciple there; then in 1839 became himself

70-410: A popular collection of his teachings on the weekly Torah portion and Jewish holidays , published by his grandson, Rabbi Gershon Leiner , and usually printed in 2 volumes. It has twice been translated into English. The work was however controversial; attempts were even made to sabotage the press on which it was being printed. In particular Leiner's view regarding Free will was at serious odds with

105-563: A rebbe in Tomaszów, moving subsequently to Izbica . His leading disciple was Rabbi Yehuda Leib Eiger (1816-1888), grandson of Rabbi Akiva Eiger . His students included Rabbi Zadok HaKohen of Lublin (1823–1900), his son, Rabbi Yaakov Leiner (1828–1878) and his grandson Rabbi Gershon Henoch Leiner of Radzyn . Leiner is buried in an ohel in the Jewish cemetery in Izbica. Leiner was

140-616: A short boundary to the north, Belarus ( Brest Region ) and Ukraine ( Lviv and Volyn Regions ) to the east. The region's population as of 2019 was 2,112,216. It covers an area of 25,155 square kilometres (9,712 sq mi). The Polish historical region that encompasses Lublin , and approximates Lublin Voivodeship as it was before the Partitions of Poland , is known as Lubelszczyzna . Provinces centred on Lublin have existed throughout much of Poland's history; for details see

175-882: A surge of tourism by Jews seeking to view their families' historical roots. Polish people were also victims of German persecution and crimes , including the AB-Aktion , Aktion T4 and Operation Zamość with deportations to Nazi concentration camps , forced labour, kidnapping of children and massacres in the region. It witnessed the Polish Zamość uprising against German occupation. There were also German prisoner-of-war camps for Polish, French , Italian, Dutch, Belgian, Senegalese and Soviet prisoners of war in Chełm , Dęblin , Biała Podlaska , Zamość , Kaliłów with several forced labour subcamps, where many died from starvation, epidemics or were massacred. Lublin Voivodeship

210-496: Is a popular annual music festival organized since 1990. Since 2008 the town council organizes reconstructions of Battle of Tomaszów . Tomaszów is the home for the football team Tomasovia . There are two main newspapers published weekly in Tomaszów Lubelski. First of them, ReWizje Tomaszowskie , is financed by the town council. Second of them, Tygodnik Tomaszowski , belongs to a private company. Tomaszów Lubelski

245-475: Is a town in south-eastern Poland with 19,365 inhabitants (2017). Situated in the Lublin Voivodeship , near Roztocze National Park , it is the capital of Tomaszów Lubelski County . The town was founded at the end of the 16th century by Jan Zamoyski as Jelitowo. It is known by its current name since 1613 when it was renamed after Zamoyski's son, Tomasz . It obtained its city charter in 1621. It

280-506: Is twinned with: Lublin Voivodeship Lublin Voivodeship ( Polish : województwo lubelskie [vɔjɛˈvut͡stfɔ luˈbɛlskʲɛ] ) is a voivodeship ( province ) of Poland , located in the southeastern part of the country, with its capital being the city of Lublin . The region is named after its largest city and regional capital, Lublin , and its territory is made of four historical lands:

315-551: The Heresy of Peor , and Judah 's incident with Tamar. One of his most cited comments is on Leviticus 21:1 "None shall defile himself for any [dead] person among his kin." Rabbi Leiner read the verse as a warning against the defilement of the soul. The soul is defiled when it is infected with the bitterness and rage that comes with senseless suffering and tragedy. Those who — like the Kohanim — would serve God, are commanded to find

350-726: The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Poland . There are local types of pierogi , cakes , pastries (incl. pączki and poppy seed rolls ) and racuchy . Local specialities include the meringue of Ostrów Lubelski , cake puffs of Lublin, and chocolate pralines of Lublin. Traditional beverages include nalewki from Janów Lubelski , Kraśnik , Opole Lubelskie and Gmina Końskowola , mead , raspberry vodka from Kraśnik and cider from Mikołajówka . Traditional non-alcoholic drinks include various types of juices, tea, syrups , and hot chocolate from Lublin. Football , motorcycle speedway , basketball and handball are

385-399: The standard Jewish view . Here Leiner expressed the doctrine that all events, including human actions, are absolutely under God's control, or as Rabbinic discourse would phrase it, by " hashgacha pratis ." Thus, if everything is determined by God, then even sin is done in accordance with God's will. He presents defenses of various Biblical sins, such as Korach 's rebellion, Zimri during

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420-929: The EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 54% of the EU average. Lublin Voivodship is the province with the lowest GDP per capita in Poland. The Lublin Coal Basin is located in the voivodeship, centered at the Bogdanka Coal Mine in Bogdanka near Łęczna . The Lublin Airport is the region's sole airport. The S12 , S17 and S19 highways pass through the voivodeship. There are seven Historic Monuments of Poland and one World Heritage Site in

455-763: The Kingdom of Poland, and Parczew also hosted one session of the Polish Parliament. Horodło was the place of signing of the Polish–Lithuanian Union of Horodło , predating the Union of Lublin. In the 17th century, there were sizeable Scottish communities in Lublin and Zamość, and also a smaller one in Opole Lubelskie . Lublin and Zamość also hosted Armenian minorities. The industry of

490-534: The Lublin work camps Lipowa 7 camp , Flugplatz , and Sportplatz ) which produced military supplies for the Wehrmacht and Luftwaffe . This was once one of the biggest forced labour centres in German-occupied Europe , with approximately 45,000 Jewish prisoners. After the war, the few surviving Jews largely left the area; today there is some restoration of areas of Jewish historical interest, and

525-865: The Nobel prize winner Isaac Bashevis Singer , was not born in Biłgoraj but lived part of his life in the city. The "Old Town" of the city of Lublin contained a famous yeshiva , Jewish hospital, synagogue, cemetery, and kahal, as well as the Grodzka Gate (known as the Jewish Gate). Before the war, there were 300,000 Jews living in the region, which became the site of the Majdanek concentration camp , Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibór extermination camp as well as several labour camps ( Trawniki , Poniatowa , Budzyn , Puławy , Zamość , Biała Podlaska , and

560-922: The Old Town Market Square. There are several museums, including the National Museum in Lublin, the Polish Air Force Museum in Dęblin , and museums dedicated to popular Polish writers in the towns of their birth or their former homes, i.e. to Józef Ignacy Kraszewski in Romanów , to Henryk Sienkiewicz in Wola Okrzejska , to Bolesław Prus and Stefan Żeromski in Nałęczów and to Wincenty Pol in Lublin. The Majdanek State Museum and Sobibór Museum are museums located at

595-454: The best preserved historic synagogues in Poland, and one of the few not destroyed by Nazi Germany, houses a museum. In addition to traditional nationwide Polish cuisine , Lublin Voivodeship is known for its variety of regional and local traditional foods and drinks, which include especially various honeys , meat products (incl. various types of kiełbasa , bacon and kaszanka ), beverages and various dishes and meals, officially protected by

630-399: The existing towns for business, there followed a low-intensity, long-lasting feeling of resentment, with failed attempts to limit the Jewish immigration. The Jews tended to settle mostly in the cities and towns, with only individual families setting up businesses in the rural regions; this urban/rural division became another factor feeding resentment of the newly arrived economic competitors. By

665-471: The following table (ordering within categories is by decreasing population). Protected areas in Lublin Voivodeship include two National Parks and 17 Landscape Parks . These are listed below. The Gross domestic product (GDP) of the province was 18.5 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 3.7% of Polish economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 14,400 euros or 48% of

700-561: The middle of the 18th century, Jews were a significant part of the population in Kraśnik , Lubartów and Łęczna . By the 20th century, Jews represented greater than 70% of the population in eleven towns and close to 100% of the population of Łaszczów and Izbica . From this region came both religious figures such as Mordechai Josef Leiner of Izbica, Chaim Israel Morgenstern of Puławy , and Motele Rokeach of Biłgoraj , as well as famous secular author Israel Joshua Singer . Israel's brother,

735-487: The most popular sports in the province. Additionally, AZS UMCS Lublin is one of the top athletics clubs in the country. Population according to 2002 census: Lublin Voivodeship ( Latin : Palatinatus Lublinensis ; Polish : Województwo Lubelskie ) was an administrative region of the Kingdom of Poland created in 1474 out of parts of Sandomierz Voivodeship and lasting until the Partitions of Poland in 1795. It

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770-594: The region was greatly expanded as part of the Central Industrial Region of Poland. The region was, before World War II, one of the world's leading centres of Judaism . Before the middle of the 16th century, there were few Jews in the area, concentrated in Lublin , Kazimierz Dolny , and perhaps Chełm ; but the founding of new private towns led to a large movement of Jews into the region to develop trade and services. Since these new towns competed with

805-653: The regional Lublin Renaissance style, and there is a dedicated Lublin Renaissance Trail. Nałęczów and Krasnobród are spa towns . Krasnystaw is famous for its annual Chmielaki beer festival. Chełm contains the Chełm Chalk Tunnels , a system of tunnels dug into the chalk under the city, a unique structure in Europe, whereas Lublin offers an underground tourist route in historic cellars under

840-424: The resources to resist the defilements of despair and darkness. Despair is the ultimate denial of God, and surrender to darkness is the ultimate blasphemy. Leiner's thought influenced (mostly indirectly, through the work of his student, Tzadok Hakohen) the mussar of Rabbi Isaac Hutner and Rabbi Moshe Wolfson . Leiner's thought continued to have influence in the twentieth century, especially on Neo-Hasidism , and

875-521: The right-hand man of the Menachem Mendel of Kotzk, by whom he was charged with overseeing the Hasidim. In 1840 Leiner had a public and dramatic falling out with him. On the day after Simchat Torah of that year, Leiner left Kotzk with many of his followers to form his own hasidic circle. The reasons given for the break are varied. Leiner is best known for his work Mei Hashiloach ("מי השילוח")

910-686: The section below on Previous Lublin Voivodeships . Cities and towns of greatest historic importance are Lublin, Chełm , Kazimierz Dolny and Zamość . Lublin hosted several sessions of the Polish Parliament, including the session which established the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (see Union of Lublin ), and was the seat of the Crown Tribunal for the Lesser Poland Province , the highest appeal court in

945-483: The sites of the former Nazi German concentration camps at Majdanek and Sobibór . There are also numerous World War II memorials scattered across the voivodeship, including Holocaust memorials and memorials at the sites of German massacres of Poles, including the largest massacres in Rury , Lublin , Borów , Aleksandrów , Sochy , Smoligów , Jamy , Kumowa Dolina and Olszanka . The Great Synagogue of Włodawa , one of

980-841: The start of the war, was persecuted by the occupiers in the Holocaust . The Nazi Germans first placed the Jews in a ghetto established in the town, then exterminated them in 1942 at Bełżec extermination camp located a few km. south of the town. The Jewish community ceased to exist. In 1975–1998, the town was administratively located in the Zamość Voivodeship . In the town there are two faculties of Catholic University of Lublin (Legal and Economic Sciences). It has two high schools (Bartosz Głowacki High School and Władysław Sikorski High School), three technical colleges, two gymnasiums and two primary schools. International Folk Festival Roztocze

1015-485: The teachings of Rabbi Shlomo Carlebach . Carlebach is credited with the recent popularization of Rabbi Leiner's teachings. He apparently came across Leiner's work in an old Jewish book store. He is quoted as saying that after initially being perplexed as to the peculiar nature of the teachings he quickly realized that in it lay the "secret for turning Jews on to the deeper meanings of Judaism". Tomasz%C3%B3w Lubelski Tomaszów Lubelski [tɔˈmaʂuf luˈbɛlskʲi]

1050-591: The voivodeship: There are also many more castles and palaces in the region, including in Adampol , Biała Podlaska , Janowiec , Kock , Lubartów , Łabunie , Łabuńki Pierwsze , Radzyń Podlaski . The Chapel of the Holy Trinity at the Lublin Royal Castle contains some of the oldest and best preserved medieval frescoes in Poland. The region is rich in architecture, especially churches, built in

1085-472: The western and central part of the voivodeship, with Lublin itself, belongs to Lesser Poland , the eastern part of Lublin Area belongs to Cherven Cities / Red Ruthenia , and the northeast belongs to Polesie and Podlasie . Lublin Voivodeship borders Subcarpathian Voivodeship to the south, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship to the south-west, Masovian Voivodeship to the west and north, Podlaskie Voivodeship along

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1120-485: Was 2,116,200. According to the 1931 census, 85.1% of its population was Polish, 10.5% Jewish, and 3% Ukrainian. Lublin Voivodeship ( województwo lubelskie ) was an administrative region of Poland between 1945 and 1975. In 1975 it was transformed into Chełm , Zamość , Biała Podlaska , Tarnobrzeg and Siedlce Voivodeships and a smaller Lublin Voivodeship. Lublin Voivodeship ( województwo lubelskie ) existed as one of Poland's 49 voivodeships from 1975 until 1998, when it

1155-680: Was administratively located in the Bełz Voivodeship in the Lesser Poland Province of Poland. The area around the city saw serious fighting in 1914 during World War I . On September 17–26, 1939, during the joint German-Soviet invasion of Poland which started World War II , the Battle of Tomaszów Lubelski was fought between Poland and Germany. The town was bombed by the Germans and eventually found itself under German occupation . The town's Jewish community, which numbered over 5,600 in 1939 at

1190-549: Was created on January 1, 1999, out of the former Lublin , Chełm , Zamość , Biała Podlaska and (partially) Tarnobrzeg and Siedlce Voivodeships, pursuant to Polish local government reforms adopted in 1998. The voivodeship contains 5 cities and 43 towns. These are listed below in descending order of population (according to official figures for 2019: Towns: Lublin Voivodeship is divided into 24 counties ( powiats ): 4 city counties and 20 land counties. These are further divided into 213 gminas . The counties are listed in

1225-565: Was part of the prowincja of Lesser Poland . Lublin Voivodeship was one of the voivodeships of Congress Poland . It was formed in 1816 from Lublin Department , and in 1837 was transformed into Lublin Governorate . Lublin Voivodeship ( Województwo Lubelskie ) was one of the administrative regions of the interwar Second Polish Republic . In early 1939 its area was 26,555 square kilometres (10,253 sq mi) and its population

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