A microclimate (or micro-climate ) is a local set of atmospheric conditions that differ from those in the surrounding areas, often slightly but sometimes substantially. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square meters or smaller (for example a garden bed , underneath a rock, or a cave) or as large as many square kilometers. Because climate is statistical , which implies spatial and temporal variation of the mean values of the describing parameters , microclimates are identified as statistically distinct conditions which occur and/or persist within a region. Microclimates can be found in most places but are most pronounced in topographically dynamic zones such as mountainous areas, islands, and coastal areas.
33-488: Meigs County is the name of two counties in the United States: Meigs County, Ohio Meigs County, Tennessee [REDACTED] Topics referred to by the same term This disambiguation page lists articles about distinct geographical locations with the same name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to
66-411: A building roof or parking lot just radiates back into the air. Advocates of solar energy argue that widespread use of solar collection can mitigate overheating of urban environments by absorbing sunlight and putting it to work instead of heating the foreign surface objects. A microclimate can offer an opportunity as a small growing region for crops that cannot thrive in the broader area; this concept
99-505: A drop in temperature and/or humidity can be attributed to different sources or influences. Often a microclimate is shaped by a conglomerate of different influences and is a subject of microscale meteorology . Examples of the cold air pool (CAP) effect are Gstettneralm Sinkhole in Austria (lowest recorded temperature −53 °C (−63 °F)) and Peter Sinks in the US. The main criterion on
132-488: A household in the county was $ 27,287, and the median income for a family was $ 33,071. Males had a median income of $ 30,821 versus $ 19,621 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 13,848. About 14.30% of families and 19.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.30% of those under age 18 and 14.50% of those age 65 or over. As of the 2010 United States Census , there were 23,770 people, 9,557 households, and 6,698 families living in
165-405: A microclimate study. Microclimates can also refer to purpose-made environments, such as those in a room or other enclosure. Microclimates are commonly created and carefully maintained in museum display and storage environments. This can be done using passive methods, such as silica gel , or with active microclimate control devices. Usually, if the inland areas have a humid continental climate ,
198-433: A negative effect on the microclimates as well as on the geological and archeological findings. Factors that play into the deterioration of these environments include nearby deforestation, agriculture operations, water exploitation, mining, and tourist operations. The speleogenetic effect of normal caves tends to show a slow circulation of air. In unique conditions where acids are present, the effects of erosion and changes to
231-429: A record 72.8% in the county in 2016 owing to his strength in rural counties nationwide. 39°05′N 82°01′W / 39.08°N 82.02°W / 39.08; -82.02 Microclimate Microclimates exist, for example, near bodies of water which may cool the local atmosphere, or in heavy urban areas where brick , concrete , and asphalt absorb the sun's energy, heat up, and re-radiate that heat to
264-613: A settlement of the Yankee Ohio Company of Associates , Meigs County was reliably Republican for the first century following that party's formation. Meigs County voted Republican in every Presidential election between 1856 and 1960. It was won four times by Democrats between 1964 and 1996 (although Bill Clinton who carried Meigs twice did so only with pluralities) but has become powerfully Republican again since 2000. Barack Obama reached 39% in this county despite his statewide victories in 2008 or 2012, but Donald Trump reached
297-420: Is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio . As of the 2020 census , the population was 22,210. Its county seat is Pomeroy . The county is named for Return J. Meigs Jr. , the fourth Governor of Ohio . According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the county has a total area of 433 square miles (1,120 km ), of which 430 square miles (1,100 km ) is land and 2.9 square miles (7.5 km ) (0.7%)
330-434: Is capable of employing 120 to 150 miners, and is capable of producing 3.5 million marketable tons of coal per year. Meigs County's climate is considered humid continental, with warm to hot, humid summers and cool to cold, wet winters. Precipitation averages 41" annually, spread evenly throughout the year. High July temperatures average in the upper 80s F, while lows average in the low to mid 60s F. Temperatures above 90* F in
363-600: Is often used in permaculture practiced in northern temperate climates. Microclimates can be used to the advantage of gardeners who carefully choose and position their plants. Cities often raise the average temperature by zoning , and a sheltered position can reduce the severity of winter. Roof gardening , however, exposes plants to more extreme temperatures in both summer and winter. In an urban area, tall buildings create their own microclimate, both by overshadowing large areas and by channeling strong winds to ground level. Wind effects around tall buildings are assessed as part of
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#1732773310614396-622: Is water. The Ohio River forms the eastern and southern boundaries of the county, the other side of which is located in West Virginia . Meigs County lies in the Appalachian Plateau physiographic region of the Appalachian Mountains . The landscape is considered to be anywhere from gently rolling to rugged, typical of a dissected plateau. Elevations range from 1,020 feet (310 m) asl (above sea level) in
429-730: The Grotta Grande del Vento cave in Ancona, Italy . As pointed out by Rudolf Geiger in his book not only climate influences the living plant but the opposite effect of the interaction of plants on their environment can also take place, and is known as plant climate . This effect has important consequences for forests in the midst of a continent; indeed, if forests were not creating their own clouds and water cycle with their efficient evapotranspiration activity, there would be no forest far away from coasts, as statistically, without any other influence, rainfall occurrence would decrease from
462-538: The ambient air: the resulting urban heat island (UHI) is a kind of microclimate that is additionally driven by relative paucity of vegetation . The terminology "micro-climate" first appeared in the 1950s in publications such as Climates in Miniature: A Study of Micro-Climate Environment (Thomas Bedford Franklin, 1955). The area in a developed industrial park may vary greatly from a wooded park nearby, as natural flora in parks absorb light and heat in leaves that
495-440: The cave atmosphere, air pressure, geochemistry of the cave rock as well as the waste product from these species can combine to make unique microclimates within cave systems. The speleogenetic effect is an observed and studied process of air circulation within cave environments brought on by convection. In phreatic conditions the cave surfaces are exposed to the enclosed air (as opposed to submerged and interacting with water from
528-682: The coast towards inland. Planting trees to fight drought has also been proposed in the context of afforestation . Artificial reservoirs as well as natural ones create microclimates and often influence the macroscopic climate as well. Another contributing factor of microclimate is the slope or aspect of an area. South-facing slopes in the Northern Hemisphere and north-facing slopes in the Southern Hemisphere are exposed to more direct sunlight than opposite slopes and are therefore warmer for longer periods of time, giving
561-415: The coastal areas stay much milder during winter months, in contrast to the hotter summers. This is the case in places such as British Columbia , where Vancouver has an oceanic wet winter with rare frosts, but inland areas that average several degrees warmer in summer have cold and snowy winters. Two main parameters to define a microclimate within a certain area are temperature and humidity . A source of
594-560: The county was 97.73% White , 0.69% Black or African American , 0.27% Native American , 0.10% Asian , 0.25% from other races , and 0.96% from two or more races. 0.60% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 9,234 households, out of which 31.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.90% were married couples living together, 10.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.80% were non-families. 25.00% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.70% had someone living alone who
627-414: The county. The population density was 55.3 inhabitants per square mile (21.4/km ). There were 11,191 housing units at an average density of 26.0 units per square mile (10.0 units/km ). The racial makeup of the county was 97.4% white, 0.9% black or African American, 0.2% Asian, 0.2% American Indian, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 0.5% of
660-521: The environment within that system. Air density within caves, which directly relates to the convection processes, is determined by the air temperature, humidity, and pressure. In enclosed cave environments, the introduction of bacteria, algae, plants, animals, or human interference can change any one of these factors therefore altering the microenvironment within the cave. There are over 750 caves worldwide that are available for people to visit. The constant human traffic through these cave environments can have
693-421: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meigs_County&oldid=932990132 " Category : United States county name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Meigs County, Ohio Meigs County ( / ˈ m ɛ ɡ z / MEGZ )
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#1732773310614726-510: The late 19th century, although mining of all types largely ceased by the 1990s. The effects of mining are still readily seen on the landscape today. Features such as high walls, spoil piles, and irregular topography are still prevalent. Many tributaries in the Leading Creek basin are plagued by acid mine drainage and sedimentation. In 2009, Gatling, Ohio LLC invested $ 75 million to open a new coal mine and coal prep plant near Racine. It
759-473: The microenvironment can be drastically enhanced. One example is the effect of the presence of hydro sulfuric acid ( H 2 S ). When the oxidized hydrosulfuric acid chemically alters to sulfuric acid( H 2 SO 4 ), this acid starts to react with the calcium carbonate rock at much higher rates. The water involved in this reaction tends to have a high pH of 3 which renders the water almost unlivable for many bacteria and algae. An example of this can be found in
792-426: The population. In terms of ancestry, 25.1% were German , 14.3% were Irish , 13.9% were American , and 9.6% were English . Of the 9,557 households, 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.6% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 29.9% were non-families, and 25.3% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size
825-534: The rest of the county. Other microclimates, known as frost hollows or frost pockets, exist throughout the county in small isolated valleys. Nocturnal temperatures are often several degrees colder than the surrounding terrain. As of the census of 2000, there were 23,072 people, 9,234 households, and 6,574 families living in the county. The population density was 54 people per square mile (21 people/km ). There were 10,782 housing units at an average density of 25 units per square mile (9.7/km ). The racial makeup of
858-422: The slope a warmer microclimate than the areas around the slope. The lowest area of a glen may sometimes frost sooner or harder than a nearby spot uphill, because cold air sinks, a drying breeze may not reach the lowest bottom, and humidity lingers and precipitates , then freezes . The type of soil found in an area can also affect microclimates. For example, soils heavy in clay can act like pavement, moderating
891-564: The southwest to about 535 feet (163 m) asl in the far south central part of the county along the Ohio River. The majority of Meigs County is drained by two subwatersheds of the Ohio River, Shade River and Leading Creek . Another stream of note is Raccoon Creek , which flows through a small area of the northwestern corner of the county. Coal mining, both strip and underground, has been an important industry in Meigs County since
924-400: The summer are common. January highs average about 40* F, with lows in the lower 20s. Temperatures around or even below 0* F occur during most winters. Snowfall averages 20–25", falling between late November and the first week of April. The Ohio River creates a microclimate in its valley where temperatures tend to be moderated by the river, hence resulting in longer growing seasons compared to
957-448: The threshold wind speed. The presence of permafrost close to the surface in a crater creates a unique microclimate environment. Caves are important geologic formations that can house unique and delicate geologic/biological environments. The vast majority of caves found are made of calcium carbonates such as limestone . In these dissolution environments, many species of flora and fauna find home. The mixture of water content within
990-492: The water table in vadose conditions). This air circulates water particles that condense on cave walls and formations such as speleothems . This condensing water has been found to contribute to cave wall erosion and the formation of morphological features. Some examples of this can be found in the limestone walls of Grotta Giusti ; a thermal cave near Monsummano , Lucca, Italy. Any process that leads to an increase or decrease in chemical/physical processes will subsequently impact
1023-596: The wind speed v {\displaystyle v} in order to create a warm air flow penetration into a CAP is the following: where F r {\displaystyle \mathrm {Fr} } is the Froude number , N {\displaystyle N} — the Brunt–Väisälä frequency , h {\displaystyle h} — depth of the valley, and F r c {\displaystyle \mathrm {Fr} _{c}} — Froude number at
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1056-486: Was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.91. The median age was 41.2 years. The median income for a household in the county was $ 33,407 and the median income for a family was $ 42,653. Males had a median income of $ 41,850 versus $ 27,271 for females. The per capita income for the county was $ 18,003. About 16.7% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the poverty line , including 31.9% of those under age 18 and 12.3% of those age 65 or over. Owing to its history as
1089-457: Was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the average family size was 2.94. In the county, the population was spread out, with 23.90% under the age of 18, 8.40% from 18 to 24, 27.70% from 25 to 44, 25.20% from 45 to 64, and 14.80% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 94.70 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.80 males. The median income for
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