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21-625: The hospital has a helipad with the ICAO airport code EFHY. This article about a hospital in Europe is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article about a Finnish building or structure is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Helipad A helipad is the landing area of a heliport , in use by helicopters , powered lift aircrafts , and vertical lift aircrafts to land on surface. While helicopters and powered lift aircraft are able to operate on

42-563: A fixed wing for horizontal flight. Like helicopters , these aircraft do not need a long runway to take off and land, but they have a speed and performance similar to standard fixed-wing aircraft in combat or other situations. Some powered-lift aircraft, like the Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey used by the United States Marines , use a tiltrotor or tiltwing . These are called a convertiplane . Others like

63-517: A circle and/or a letter "H", so as to be visible from the air. Sometimes wildfire fighters will construct a temporary one from timber to receive supplies in remote areas. Rig mats may be used to build helipads. Landing pads may also be constructed in extreme conditions such as on ice. The world's highest helipad, built by India , is located on the Siachen Glacier at a height of 21,000 feet (6400 m) above sea level. A portable helipad

84-610: A four-bladed rotor utilizing compressed air to control lift over the surfaces while operating as a helicopter. At higher forward speeds, the rotor would be stopped to continue providing lift as tandem wings in an X configuration. The program was canceled before the aircraft had attempted any flights with the rotor system. A Tail-sitter is an aircraft that rests on the ground pointing vertically upwards, so that it rests on its tail. It takes off and lands vertically, tail down. The whole aircraft then tilts forward horizontally for normal flight. No type has ever gone into production, although

105-553: A major fire outbreak. Major police departments may use a dedicated helipad at heliports as a base for police helicopters . Large ships and oil platforms usually have a helipad on board for emergency use. In such a case, the terms " helicopter deck ", "helideck", or "helodeck" are used. Helipads are common features at hospitals where they serve to facilitate medical evacuation or air ambulance transfers of patients to trauma centers or to accept patients from remote areas without local hospitals or facilities capable of providing

126-620: A number of experimental variants have been flown, using both proprotor and jet thrust. Some have achieved successful transition between flight modes, as the turboprop-powered Convair XFY Pogo did in November 1954. The coleopter type has an annular wing forming a duct around a lift rotor. The transition to forward flight has never been achieved, although the SNECMA Coléoptère took off, hovered and landed vertically, solely on pure jet thrust. The German Focke-Wulf Fw Triebflügel

147-760: A variety of relatively flat surfaces, a fabricated helipad provides a clearly marked hard surface away from obstacles where such aircraft can land safely. Larger helipads, intended for use by helicopters and other vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aircraft, may be called vertiports. An example is Vertiport Chicago, which opened in 2015. Helipads may be located at a heliport or airport where fuel, air traffic control and service facilities for aircraft are available. Most helipads are located away from populated areas due to sounds, winds, space and cost constraints. Some skyscrapers have one on their roofs to accommodate air taxi services. Some basic helipads are built on top of highrise buildings for evacuation in case of

168-455: Is a helipad structure with a rugged frame that can be used to land helicopters in any areas with slopes of up to 30 degrees, such as hillsides, riverbeds and boggy areas. Portable helipads can be transported by helicopter or powered-lift to place them where a VTOL needs to land, as long as there are no insurmountable obstructions nearby. Powered-lift A powered lift aircraft takes off and lands vertically under engine power but uses

189-470: Is civilian aircraft based on the V-22 Osprey. The aircraft can take off and land vertically with 2 crew and 9 passengers. The aircraft is expected to be certified in the mid-2020s. The tiltwing is similar to the tiltrotor, except that the rotor mountings are fixed to the wing and the whole assembly tilts between vertical and horizontal positions. The Vertol VZ-2 was a research aircraft developed in

210-559: Is then shut down in forward flight. Some VTOL designs, including the Soviet Yakovlev Yak-38 and Yakovlev Yak-141 , have used both vectored thrust from the main engine and additional thrust from auxiliary lift jets. The Dassault Mirage IIIV was a VTOL fighter made for the NATO VTOL strike fighter requirement in the 1960s. Several other designs also resulted from this design specification. A lift fan configuration

231-430: The Bell Boeing V-22 Osprey , the rotor swings forward to act as a propeller in forward flight. Some designs have a ducted fan design, in which the propeller is surrounded by a large ring-shaped duct to reduce tip losses. The powered rotors of a tiltrotor (sometimes called proprotor ) are mounted on rotating shafts or nacelles at the end of a fixed wing, and used for both lift and propulsion . For vertical flight,

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252-541: The 1950s, was the Bell XV-3 , which was one of the first aircraft designs to go from vertical takeoff to horizontal successfully. The Osprey by Bell Helicopter and Boeing is a twin-engine tiltrotor design that has two turbine engines each driving three-blade rotors. The rotors function similar to a helicopter in vertical flight, and similar to an airplane in forward flight. It first flew on 19 March 1989. The AgustaWestland AW609 (formerly Bell/Agusta BA609) tiltrotor

273-839: The British Harrier jump jet use thrust vectoring or other direct thrust techniques. The first powered-lift ratings on a civilian pilot certificate were issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) on 21 August 1997 to pilots of Bell Helicopter , Boeing , and the United States Marine Corps . In 2024 FAA established a special class of powered-lift aircraft to certificate them under § 21.17(b) of FAR Part 21 to address certain unique features without applying special conditions or exemptions. The final rule allows for flight training in single control eVTOL aircraft and for issue by

294-883: The FAA certain deviations in cases of future technological advancements. The term is an aircraft classification used by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the United States' FAA: Powered-lift. A heavier-than-air aircraft capable of vertical take-off, vertical landing, and low-speed flight, which depends principally on engine-driven lift devices or engine thrust for the lift during these flight regimes and on non-rotating aerofoil(s) for lift during horizontal flight. A convertiplane uses rotor power for vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) and converts to fixed-wing lift for normal flight. In tiltrotor and tiltwing designs such as

315-601: The appropriate aviation authority. Authorized agencies include the Federal Aviation Administration in the United States, Transport Canada in Canada, the International Civil Aviation Organization , and the International Air Transport Association . Some helipads may have location identifiers from multiple sources, and these identifiers may be of different format and name. Helipads are usually constructed out of concrete and are marked with

336-462: The late 1950s. Unlike other tiltwing aircraft, Vertol designed the VZ-2 using rotors in place of propellers. On 23 July 1958, the aircraft made its first full transition from vertical flight to horizontal flight. By the time the aircraft was retired in 1965, the VZ-2 had accomplished 450 flights, including 34 full transitions. The LTV XC-142A was another VTOL design that used the tiltwing concept. It

357-444: The level of emergency medicine required. In urban environments, these heliports are sometimes located on the roof of the hospital. Rooftop helipads sometimes display a large two-digit number, representing the weight limit (in thousands of pounds) of the pad. A second number may be present, representing the maximum rotor diameter in feet. Location identifiers are often, but not always, issued for helipads. They may be issued by

378-463: The only truly successful design of this type from the many that arose in the 1960s. These aircraft are capable of operating from small spaces, such as fields, roads, and aviation-capable ships. The Lockheed F-35B Lightning II is proposed as the next military VSTOL/ STOVL design, to replace the Harrier. A lift jet is a lightweight jet engine used to provide vertical thrust for VTOL operation, and

399-476: The rotors are angled to provide thrust upwards, lifting the way a helicopter rotor does. As the aircraft gains speed, the rotors progressively rotate or tilt forward, with the rotors eventually becoming perpendicular to the fuselage of the aircraft, similar to a propeller. In this mode, the wing provides the lift and the rotor provides thrust. The wing's greater efficiency helps the tiltrotor achieve higher speeds than helicopters. An important early tiltrotor in

420-688: Was a design studied during the Second World War. It used pulse jets to power a rotor that rotated about the fuselage axis behind the cockpit. Similar to a coleopter fixed-wing aircraft, the Triebflügel was intended to take off and land on its tail, rotating on the pitch axis after takeoff and acceleration for forward flight. The design was never built beyond model wind tunnel testing. The Harrier family of military VSTOL jet aircraft uses thrust vectoring . These aircraft are capable of vertical/short takeoff and landing (V/STOL) . They are

441-488: Was developed into a working prototype but did not enter mass production. A rotor wing aircraft has been attempted but is not in wide use. The Boeing X-50 Dragonfly had a two-bladed rotor driven by the engine for takeoff. In horizontal flight the rotor stopped to act like a wing. Fixed canard and tail surfaces provided lift during transition, and also stability and control in forward flight. Both examples of this aircraft were destroyed in crashes. The Sikorsky X-Wing had

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