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34-602: The Meinhardiner where mentioned as Count of Gorizia in 1117. From 1253, the dynasty ruled the County of Tyrol . In 1271, their vast possessions were split. The main branch kept the recently acquired Tyrol and became known as Counts of Gorizia-Tyrol or the Meinhardiner Line after Meinhard, Duke of Carinthia . The cadet branch, known as the Albertine Line , after Meinhard's younger brother Albert , took over

68-856: A contract of inheritance and the active support of the Gorizia governor Virgil von Graben the county fell to the Habsburg emperor Maximilian I . While the Lienz area was administered with the Tyrolean crown land , the "inner county" of Gorizia remained an Imperial State of the Holy Roman Empire ruled by the Inner Austrian Archdukes as part of the Austrian Circle , governed by a capitano . Its territory included

102-612: The Domini di Terraferma by 1434. The Council of Ten strived for the adjacent "inner county" lands around Gorizia up to the Venetian Stato da Màr territories in Istria . Due to the pressure, the Gorizia counts took their residence at Bruck Castle in Lienz. In 1429 the county was reunited under the single rule of Count Henry VI . His son, the last count Leonhard , died in 1500 and despite claims raised by Venice, according to

136-651: The Austrian House of Habsburg inherited Carinthia and Carniola from the Gorizia-Tyrol branch. The Habsburgs held these lands until 1918. Henry's only surviving daughter Margaret "Maultasch" and her husband John Henry of Luxembourg were able to retain the County of Tyrol. In 1363 she ceded the county to the Habsburg duke Rudolph IV of Austria after her only son with her second husband Duke Louis V of Bavaria , Count Meinhard III of Gorizia-Tyrol had died in

170-704: The Austrian House of Habsburg. The dynasty probably hailed from the Rhenish Franconian Siegharding dynasty, which originally descended from the Kraichgau region and in the 10th century ruled in the Chiemgau of the German stem duchy of Bavaria . One Sieghardinger named Meginhard (or Meinhard, d. 1090) is documented as a count in the Bavarian gau of Pustertal . The progenitor of

204-737: The Austrian lands of the Habsburg dynasty and the Republic of Venice . After the Habsburgs had acquired the Carinthian duchy with the March of Carniola in 1335 and the County of Tyrol in 1363, the remaining Gorizia lands of Lienz were a thorn in their side, separating the dynasty's "hereditary lands". Venice had conquered the former Patriarchate territories in Friuli, which were incorporated into

238-731: The Brenner Pass . One of that noble families were the Counts of Tyrol, named after the Castle Tyrol near the town of Meran . They speedily ascended as bailiffs, who exercised the judicial power for the Trient and Brixen prince-bishops and finally took over the secular power in southern Bavaria after the deposition of the Welf duke Henry the Lion in 1180. One result of their becoming rulers of

272-701: The Central Eastern Alps , vital for the Holy Roman Emperors to reach the Kingdom of Italy . The centres of the Imperial power were initially two Prince-bishoprics established by Emperor Conrad II in 1027, Brixen ( Bressanone ) and Trient (Trento). The bishops were the sovereigns of many semi-free compulsory henchmen ( ministeriales ) and local noblemen which styled until today the scenery with their numerous castles mostly south of

306-484: The Isonzo Valley down to Aquileia , the area of Cormons and Duino , and the former Venetian fortress of Gradisca , which was conquered by Imperial troops in 1511. Monfalcone formed a Venetian exclave in the county from 1420 to 1797. In 1647 Emperor Ferdinand III separated the "Principality of Gradisca" from Gorizia for his courtier Johann Anton von Eggenberg , until in 1747 both were again merged to form

340-555: The gorizian Burghut . First, the Council of Ten of the Republic of Venice considered appointing Lukas von Graben as their supreme commander in Friuli. However, since Virgil von Graben ended the contract with Venice about the succession in the County of Gorizia and negotiated with Maximilian I, this appointment did not materialize. In the end Leonhard leaned towards the Habsburgs and signed an inheritance treaty with Maximilian I. After

374-650: The Gorizia line of the Meinhardiner dynasty, maintained their residence in Gorizia, until the line died out in 1500. The descendants of Meinhard IV, who was Count of Tyrol as Meinhard II, ruled Tyrol until 1363. In 1286 Meinhard IV had also received the rule over the Duchy of Carinthia and the adjacent March of Carniola by the Habsburg king Rudolph I of Germany in turn for his support against King Ottokar II of Bohemia . Meinhard's son Henry in 1306 married Anne ,

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408-524: The Gorizia-Tyrol branch became extinct upon the death of his daughter Margaret in 1369. Their lands were inherited by the Habsburgs. The Albertine line maintained the rule in the comital lands around Gorizia , in the Puster Valley and in western Carinthia (which comprised the territory of contemporary East Tyrol ) until the year 1500, when the family's last count ( Leonhard of Gorizia ) died without an heir. His remaining estates were inherited by

442-672: The Gorizia-Tyrol line became Dukes of Carinthia and landraves of Carniola , and took over de facto rule in Savinja , while the Albertine branch was granted most of the Windic March and the County of Metlika . In 1306 and again from 1307 to 1310, Henry of Gorizia-Tyrol ruled as King of Bohemia and hold the titular title of King of Poland , due to his marriage with the Přemyslid heiress Anne . However, as Henry left no male heirs,

476-662: The Habsburg Empire. The enlightened views of the Republic of Venice and its decision-makers would have recognized the Gorizian (Meinhardin) bastard Von Graben himself as the new Count of Gorizia. Another suggestion was that Von Graben would hand over the County of Gorizia to the Republic and in exchange would receive all Gorizia castles and lordships in Friuli and Venice as a fief. But it didn't come to that. In 1498, Virgil von Graben gave his son Lukas von Graben authority over

510-510: The Meinhardiner ancestral lands around Lienz and Gorizia. After his death, the County of Gorizia was again partitioned among his sons into the "inner county" at Gorizia, ruled by Henry III , and the "outer county" around Lienz und Albert II . When Count Henry III was assassinated in 1323, the Gorizia lands were shattered into four countries. The Counts of Gorizia temporarily controlled the Italian March of Treviso ( Marca Trevigiana ) and

544-731: The Meinhardiner where the Herren von Graben family, from which descend the Counts and Princes Orsini-Rosenberg . The Netherlands family of De Graeff claim descent from the Von Graben as well. Inherited Tyrol in 1253 Line extinct, Tyrol fell to House of Habsburg Possessions to House of Habsburg, Gorizia part of Inner Austria from 1564 to 1619, Lienz unified with Tyrol County of Gorizia The County of Gorizia ( Italian : Contea di Gorizia , German : Grafschaft Görz , Slovene : Goriška grofija , Friulian : Contee di Gurize ), from 1365 Princely County of Gorizia,

578-467: The Meinhardiner, Count Meinhard I of Gorizia, and his brother Engelbert, count palatine of Bavaria, may be his sons. The dynasty first appeared around Lienz and in the 11th century gained the office of a vogt at the town of Gorizia ( Görz ) in the Patriarchate of Aquileia. Tyrol already in the early and later Middle Ages was an important mountain pass area with the lowest crossings over

612-588: The Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca , a crown land of the Habsburg monarchy . Castle Tyrol Tyrol Castle , less commonly Tirol Castle ( German : Schloss Tirol , Italian : Castel Tirolo ) is a castle in the comune (municipality) of Tirol near Merano , in the Burggrafenamt district of South Tyrol , Italy . It was the ancestral seat of the Counts of Tyrol and gave

646-477: The area, was that the area is now called "Tyrol", after their ancestral castle. Between 1253 and 1258 the Counts of Görz assumed the power in the Tyrolean lands, after the counts at Castle Tyrol had failed to produce a male heir. In 1237 Count Meinhard III had married Adelheid, daughter of Count Albert IV of Tyrol , who died in 1253 leaving no male heirs, and could in this way claim Tyrol as his inheritance. His son and successor Count Meinhard IV not only expanded

680-447: The castle fell into the so-called "Köstengraben" , a steep gorge. It was even sold in order to be used as a quarry. In the 19th century the castle was restored; the keep was rebuilt in 1904. Regarding art history, the frescos of the castle's chapel are of special interest as well as two Romanesque portals with opulent marble sculptures showing legendary creatures , religious themes, and geometric ornaments . The chapel also houses

714-401: The county reached the apex of its power, when Meinhard III inherited County of Tyrol (as Meinhard I) from his father-in-law Count Albert IV one year later. After Count Meinhard III had died in 1258, his sons at first ruled jointly until in 1271 they divided their heritage: While the elder Meinhard IV took the comital Tyrolean lands west of the Puster Valley , his brother Albert retained

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748-420: The county, but also molded it into a more homogeneous country. He also created an administration, which, by the standards of his time, can only be called exemplary. Nevertheless, the three areas of country were too far apart to be ruled by a single count, and therefore it was decided to divide the county in 1267/71, when Meinhard IV ceded the County of Gorizia to his younger brother Albert I . Albert's descendants,

782-705: The death of Leonhard on 12 April 1500 and the Gorizia inheritance in favor of the Habsburgs, the Venetians saw their failure solely in the actions of the lords Virgil and Lukas von Graben . Upon his death, Austrian troops immediately occupied the town of Gorizia and Virgil vin Graben became his successor as imperial stadtholder of Lienz in East Tyrol . The Habsburgs (re-)united Lienz with the County of Tyrol and went on to rule as Counts in Gorizia ( Gorizia and Gradisca from 1754). One apparent or illegitimate branch of

816-526: The eldest daughter of King Wenceslaus II of Bohemia , and after the sudden death of his brother-in-law King Wenceslaus III in the same year even ascended the Bohemian throne. He however had to deal with claims raised by the Habsburg scion Rudolph III , son of King Albert I of Germany , and in the long run both could not prevail against Count John of Luxembourg , who became Bohemian king in 1310. As Henry himself left no male heirs upon his death in 1335,

850-487: The extinction of the dynasty, sickly Leonhard became subject to the competing pressures of both the Imperial Habsburg monarchy and the Republic of Venice , which both competed for his heritage. During his later reign his administrator Virgil von Graben was persuaded by grand promises by King Maximilian I to end his hitherto secret association with the Venetians and instead advocate the country's accession to

884-610: The male line in 1335. The younger line ruled the comital lands of Gorizia and Lienz until its extinction in 1500, whereafter the estates were finally acquired by the Austrian House of Habsburg . Count Meinhard I , a descendant of the Meinhardiner noble family with possessions around Lienz in the Duchy of Bavaria , is mentioned as a count as early as 1117. As a vogt official of the Patriarchs of Aquileia , he

918-583: The original possessions in the County of Gorizia, the Puster Valley , as well as the title of palatine counts in Carinthia (together with the domains in the upper Drava Valley). Both branches participated in the coalition against the Premyslid king Ottokar II of Bohemia on the side of king Rudolf I of Germany and were awarded vast estates after the former's defeat in the Battle of Marchfeld. In 1286,

952-521: The other centered on Gorizia in Friuli itself. Meinhard's descendant Count Meinhard III of Gorizia , a follower of the Hohenstaufen emperor Frederick II , upon the extinction of the ducal House of Babenberg was appointed administrator of Styria in 1248. He campaigned the adjacent Duchy of Carinthia but was defeated by the troops of Duke Bernhard von Spanheim and his son Archbishop Philip of Salzburg at Greifenburg in 1252. Nevertheless,

986-571: The remains of the Istrian march around Pazin ( Mitterburg ), which Count Albert III of Görz bequeathed to the House of Habsburg in 1365. In 1365 Count Meinhard VI of Görz was granted the princely title by the Luxembourg emperor Charles IV , the county was thereon called Gefürstete Grafschaft Görz . The Meinhardiner nevertheless suffered a steep decline under their powerful neighbours,

1020-539: The same year. The Counts of Gorizia were moreover the Bailiffs of Aquileja. They are famous in numismatics as publishers of the first German golden coin, the "Zwainziger". The renowned diplomat and minnesinger Oswald von Wolkenstein was a subject of the Counts of Gorizia. The Gorizia branch of the dynasty became extinct in the year 1500, when the last male family member Count Leonhard of Gorizia , Count Palatine of Carinthia , died without issues. Years before, facing

1054-420: The second half of the 13th century under Count Meinhard II of Gorizia-Tyrol . In 1347 Meinhard's granddaughter Countess Margaret of Tyrol was besieged here by the forces of the Luxembourg king Charles IV . The castle remained the seat of Tyrol's sovereigns until 1420, when the Habsburg archduke Frederick IV moved the administrative seat to Innsbruck north of the Brenner Pass . In modern times parts of

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1088-440: The whole Tyrol region its name. The castle hill has been inhabited since ancient times. Several artefacts and one field of graves from the early Middle Ages have been identified. Archeologists have excavated a church with three apses dating from the early Christian period. The first castle was built before 1100. The second construction phase including the keep dates to 1139/40. A third phase of construction took place in

1122-430: Was a State of the Holy Roman Empire . Originally mediate Vogts of the Patriarchs of Aquileia , the Counts of Gorizia ( Meinhardiner ) ruled over several fiefs in the area of Lienz and in the Friuli region of northeastern Italy with their residence at Gorizia ( Görz ). In 1253 the Counts of Gorizia inherited the County of Tyrol , from 1271 onwards ruled by the Gorizia-Tyrol branch which became extinct in

1156-416: Was enfeoffed with large estates in the former March of Friuli , including the town of Gorizia . The borders of the county changed frequently in the following four centuries, due to frequent wars with Aquileia and other counties, but also to the subdivision of the territory in two main nuclei: one around the Bavarian ancestral seat of Lienz on the upper Drava River up to Innichen in the Puster Valley ,

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